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A Seed Strategy for the Madrean Archipelago

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A Seed Strategy for the Madrean Archipelago AA Seed Seed Strategy Strategy for the !1!1 forMadrean the Madrean Archipelago Archipelago Prepared by: The MAPP Initiative Steve Buckley (1,2), Allegra Mount (3) , Francesca Claverie (3), Justin Johnson (4), David Seibert (3), Ashlee Simpson (1,2), Oliver Lysaght (3) 1. National Park Service 2. Bureau of Land Management 3. Borderlands Restoration L3C 4. Gila Watershed Partnership 501(c)3 IMPLEMENTING THE NATIONAL SEED STRATEGY ON A REGIONAL SCALE Purpose This strategy is a chronicle of the Madrean The primary purpose of this strategy is to Archipelago Plant Propagation (MAPP) Initiative, articulate how to connect seed collection, and a plan for the continued development of a curation, and production of plant materials to on- plant materials program in southeastern Arizona the-ground regional-scale restoration work in the between 2017-2022. It is a product of a multi-year Madrean Archipelago. The strategy will increase collaboration between the Bureau of Land the ability of local, state, and federal managers to Management (BLM), the National Park Service respond appropriately to decreased landscape (NPS), Borderlands Restoration L3C (BR), and the resiliency and catastrophe that will be associated Gila Watershed Partnership (GWP). with increasing burned area and other emergency stabilization efforts, pollinator decline, and climate Collectively, these partners have worked change. This Strategy intends to magnify the together since 2011 to support the Madrean efforts of the MAPP Initiative that have established Archipelago Plant Propagation Initiative (MAPP BR and GWP as regional leaders in plant materials Initiative). The MAPP Initiative is a formal development, and is in support of goals articulated collaboration between BR and GWP, but is also a by the 2014 Presidential Memorandum on regional plant materials partnership with many Pollinator Health, the National Strategy to Protect points of entry for individuals, organizations and and Improve Pollinator Health, and the National agencies. Seed Strategy for Restoration and Rehabilitation 2015-2020. Vision and Goals The goal of this Strategy is to ensure the reliable 1) Summarize an innovative plant availability of genetically appropriate seed for the Madrean materials program that supports an Archipelago ecoregion. interagency seed collection team, cleaning and curation facility, and a At the core of the Seed Strategy is the shared local and network of propagation and production regional need to provide a programmatic approach to the facilities. collection, curation, and propagation of plant materials native to the Madrean Archipelago, in the southwestern United 2) Outline regional plant materials needs States and northwestern Mexico. This Strategy outlines an and assets. existing, innovative plant materials program that is poised, with the continued support of federal agency, NGO, and 3) Present a priority species list for private sector partners, to maintain a sustainable seed collection in the Madrean Archipelago collection and curation system that supports propagation, and a framework for priority species production, and development of plant materials for restoration selection. work at scale and across jurisdictional boundaries in the Madrean Archipelago. 4) Provide guidance on how to develop missing components of a regional plant materials production system; including capacity for bulk seed cleaning, storage, and production. Relevance The BLM is the largest purchaser of native seed in North America and has a long-term history supporting efforts that produce native plant material (BLM, 2016). BLM and other agency purchasing power seeks to lower the costs of native plant materials, and continues to reduce restoration costs by identifying best management practices both for the collection and production of plant materials, and for their successful installation on restoration projects. There is additional demand for local and genetically appropriate seed to support the Burned Area Emergency Response Program (BAER) (Napper, 2006), the Arizona Department of Transportation (and other state-level agencies), Clean Water Act mitigation projects, restoration operations by non-profits and community groups, along with the private market and other federal agencies. Implementation of a seed strategy at an eco- regional level provides opportunities for research and restoration at a large enough scale to provide for broad collaboration and potential to realize subsequent cost reduction. Seed collection in the Madrean Archipelago is central to genetically appropriate plant materials production, a growing regional economy based on restoration activities, and is a fundamental component of a long-term restoration strategy that engages multiple partners across the region in a tightly networked restoration economy. The Madrean Archipelago The Madrean Archipelago is a bi-national The region has been severely impacted bioregional crossroads on the US-Mexico border. over the past hundred years by dramatic It is influenced by four major bioregions across changes to fire regimes and other anthropogenic an area that covers 70,000-square-miles of impacts, which has compounded losses of Sonora, Chihuahua, Arizona and New Mexico. pollinator forage (Fule, 1997; Bahre, 1991). This The Sky Islands and the northern highlands of has led to rapid habitat degradation, yet the the Sierra Madre Occidental together form a region maintains the highest recorded diversity of center of biological diversity that is globally native pollinators in North America, with over 600 recognized by both the International Union for identified species of native bees in addition to an Conservation of Nature and the World Wildlife impressive diversity of hummingbirds, nectar- Fund. The unique diversity in the Sky Islands is feeding bats, butterflies, moths, and other due to their proximity to the subtropical influence pollinating patterns that depend upon of the species-rich Sierra Madre Mountains of phenological patters that have also been northern Mexico. This eco-region is additionally disrupted by changes in land use patterns and influenced by the Sonoran Desert from the west, ongoing climatic change. The Madrean the Rocky Mountains to the north, and the Archipelago is the only region in North America Chihuahuan Desert to the east. Fifty-five forested where Monarch butterflies are known to travel mountain ranges function as islands that are both to coastal California and Mexico, largely separated by massive expanses of desert and depending on the winds at the time of their desert grasslands, and have among them some migration. (Gail M. Morris, 2015). of most diverse ecosystems in the world (Felger, 1995). Today, the partnership Responding to the National supporting this Seed Seed Strategy Strategy is working to The MAPP Initiative directly supports numerous accomplish the following: action items in the National Seed Strategy (Plant Concervation Alliance, 2015), which has a vision of 1) Increase the supply of seed for “the right seed in the right place at the right time.” plants native to the Madrean The MAPP Initiative supports the following Action Archipelago and adjoining items in the National Seed Strategy: regions; (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) • 1.1 Agency Seed Needs Assessment 2) Develop the MAPP Initiative as • 1.2 Assess Capacity and Needs of Partners a regional seed hub in • 1.3 Increase Supply of Genetically Patagonia, AZ, offering seed Appropriate Seed collection, curation, cleaning, • 2.2 Species-Specific Research and eventual large-scale seed • 2.3 Conduct Establishment and storage; (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) Restoration Research • 3.1 Develop Training Programs 3) Provide a transparent seed • 3.2 Develop Native Seed Source Data collection data management and Tools system to track collections • 4. Develop Strategies for Internal and wherever made – federal, tribal, External Communication state, county, private, and NGO – with the hope that such data management can help to improve restoration outcomes through improved seed “Achievement of the long-term selection and the adaptive goals will require an even greater management of curation and restoration work in tandem; (2.3, 3.1, 3.2) commitment to collaboration 4) Engage with partners in the emerging restoration economy across agencies and with other and support training and job opportunities in seed collection partners to share expertise and and curation, horticulture, and facilities and to produce and use other natural resource related plant materials more efficiently” fields; (1.2, 3.1, 3.2) 5) Inform decision-making for choosing appropriate plant - National Seed Strategy for materials for ecological Restoration and Rehabilitation restoration at all scales, including site selection for 2015-2020,BLM critical restoration needs and the capacity to respond quickly and effectively to emergent ecosystem needs; (2.2, 2.3) Related Regional Efforts The Madrean Archipelago is home to a number of agencies, NGOs, and private enterprises active in the production of materials for environmental restoration activities. The majority of the following organizations and businesses participated in our producer survey, detailed in Appendix B. Wildlands Restoration/Nighthawk Natives: Wildlands Restoration supplies native seed for Sonoran Desert, Great Basin, and Rocky Mountain revegetation and restoration projects, and provides site-specific collections as requested. Nighthawk Natives provides nursery stock of select native plants for wholesale and retail sale. Arizona Revegetation Inc.: Arizona Revegetation and Monitoring
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