DOCSLIB.ORG

Nonequilibrium Aspects of Quantum Thermodynamics Mathias Michel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nonequilibrium Aspects of Quantum Thermodynamics Mathias Michel Institut fur¨ Theoretische Physik I Universitat¨ Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 70550 Stuttgart Nonequilibrium Aspects of Quantum Thermodynamics Von der Fakult¨at Mathematik und Physik der Universit¨at Stuttgart zur Erlangung der Wurde¨ eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte Abhandlung Vorgelegt von Mathias Michel aus Stuttgart Hauptberichter: Prof. Dr. G¨unter Mahler Mitberichter: Prof. Dr. Ortwin Hess Tag der mundlichen¨ Prufung:¨ 28. Juli 2006 Institut fur¨ Theoretische Physik der Universit¨at Stuttgart 2006 D 93 (Dissertation Universit¨at Stuttgart) Alle Rechte vorbehalten c Selbstverlag M. Michel Stuttgart M. Michel • Institut fur¨ Theoretische Physik I • Universit¨at Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 • 70550 Stuttgart • Germany E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: itp1.uni-stuttgart.de/mitarbeiter/michel/ Printed in Germany ISBN-10: 3-00-019902-0 ISBN-13: 978-3-00-019902-8 To my parents and Mirjam Acknowledgements It is my pleasure to acknowledge advice and support from several persons who have influenced this work intensively. First of all I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. G. Mahler for his constant interest in the progress of this work, his constructive criticism, and his support during the last years. It is impossible to honor the impact that Jun.-Prof. Dr. J. Gemmer had on this work. I am indebted to him for suggesting me the very interesting and challenging problem of nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics, for count- less fruitful discussions, for sharing his immense knowledge and expertise with me, for having time to answer my numerous questions, helping me in any com- plicated situation, and last but not least for his friendship. I thank Prof. Dr. O. Hess (University of Surrey) for writing the second report on my dissertation. Within the Institute of Theoretical Physics I (Universit¨at Stuttgart) I have experienced a stimulating environment for research. I would like to thank my present and former colleagues P. Borowski, Dr. M. Hartmann, M. Henrich, C. Kostoglou, Dr. A. Otte, H. Schmidt, H. Schr¨oder, M. Stollsteimer, J. Teiffel, F. Tonner and P. Vidal for fruitful discussions (not only physical ones). I am grateful for the warm welcome at the Universit¨at Osnabruc¨ k, the successful collaboration and many interesting discussions with Apl.-Prof. Dr. J. Schnack, Dr. M. Exler and R. Steinigeweg. Furthermore, I have benefited a lot from discussions with Dr. H.-P. Breuer (Universit¨at Freiburg) and Dr. F. Heidrich-Meisner (University of Tennessee). Financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft is gratefully ac- knowledged. I am indebted to Rebekah and Ron Abramski for proofreading parts of the manuscript and thank all my other friends, especially K. Bihlmaier, and my brother for being by my side. Finally, I would like to thank my parents for their extensive support during my studies and especially my father Dr. H. Michel for interesting discussions about physics and my work. Last but not least, I am deeply indebted to v vi Mirjam for her infinite patience, support and love and for proofreading the manuscript. Stuttgart, September 2006 Mathias Michel Contents 1. Introduction 1 I. Relaxation to Equilibrium 5 2. System and Environment 7 2.1. Class of Model Systems . 8 2.2. Time-Evolution of Pure and Mixed States . 10 2.3. Environment or Heat Bath . 12 3. Open System Approach to Relaxation Processes 15 3.1. Nakajima-Zwanzig Equation . 16 3.2. Born Approximation . 18 3.3. Redfield, Markov and the Rotating Wave Approximation . 19 3.4. The Dissipator . 21 4. Global and Local Properties 25 4.1. Global Stationary Equilibrium State . 25 4.2. Approach of Equilibrium . 27 4.3. Temperature . 29 4.4. Local Energy and Temperature . 31 4.5. Open System Equilibrium State . 32 4.6. Relaxation Dynamics in QME . 34 5. Quantum Thermodynamic Environment 37 5.1. Finite Environment . 38 5.2. Beyond the Born Approximation . 39 6. Hilbert Space Average Method 41 6.1. Hamiltonian Model . 41 6.1.1. Projection and Transition Operators . 43 6.1.2. Canonical and Microcanonical Interaction . 43 vii viii Contents 6.1.3. Dyson Short Time Dynamics . 46 6.1.4. Reduced Dyson Short Time Dynamics . 48 6.2. Hilbert Space Average . 49 6.2.1. Definition of the Hilbert Space Average . 49 6.2.2. Approximation Scheme . 49 6.2.3. Hilbert Space Averaged Time Evolution . 51 7. General HAM Rate Equation 53 7.1. Short Time Iteration Scheme . 53 7.2. Closed Differential Equation . 55 7.3. Limits of Applicability . 57 7.3.1. Decay of Environmental Correlations . 57 7.3.2. Truncation of the Dyson Series . 58 7.3.3. Hilbert Space Variance . 60 8. Thermalization 61 8.1. Damping Model . 61 8.1.1. Effective Hamiltonian Model . 62 8.1.2. Correlation Function . 63 8.1.3. Linear Regime . 65 8.2. The HAM Rate Equation . 68 8.3. Comparison to Schr¨odinger Dynamics . 69 8.3.1. Finite Environment Imposing Infinite Temperature . 70 8.3.2. Accuracy of HAM . 72 9. Decoherence 75 9.1. Fermi's Golden Rule . 76 9.2. Advanced Model System . 76 9.3. Several Different Thermalization Times . 79 9.4. Decoherence According to Canonical Couplings . 82 9.5. Additional Microcanonical Coupling . 83 II. Transport 87 10.Heat Transport 89 10.1. Fourier's Law . 90 10.2. Kinetic Gas Theory for Phonons . 92 10.3. Peierls-Boltzmann Equation . 93 10.4. Linear Response Theory . 94 10.4.1. Currents, Forces and Onsager Relation . 95 Contents ix 10.4.2. Transport Coefficient . 96 10.5. Survey of Recent Developments . 97 10.5.1. Heat Conduction in Classical Systems . 98 10.5.2. Experimental Investigations . 99 10.5.3. Quantum Mechanical Approaches . 99 11.Heat Current 101 11.1. Current Operator . 102 11.2. Conserved Quantities . 104 11.3. Quasiparticle Interpretation . 105 11.3.1. Harmonic Chain . 106 11.3.2. Heisenberg Chain . 107 12.An Open System Approach to Heat Conduction 111 12.1. Heat Transport in Low Dimensional Systems . 111 12.2. Fourier's Law for a Heisenberg Chain . 114 12.3. Scaling Behavior . 116 13.Perturbation Theory in Liouville Space 117 13.1. Super Operators . 117 13.2. Unperturbed System . 119 13.3. Local Equilibrium State . 120 13.4. Standard Kubo-Formula . 122 13.5. Kubo-Formula in Liouville Space . 125 13.6. Heat Transport Coefficient . 127 13.7. Heat Conductivity of a Model System . 129 14.Reservoir Perturbation Theory 131 14.1. Perturbation Theory . 131 14.2. Dependence on the Bath Coupling . 132 14.3. Influence of the Bath Coupling . 135 15.Quantum Thermodynamic Approach to Heat Conduction 139 15.1. Mesoscopic Model . 141 15.2. Dyson Time-Evolution Expansion . 143 15.3. HAM for Transport Scenario . 145 16.Diffusive Behavior from Schr¨odinger Dynamics 149 16.1. Decay Behavior of a Model System . 149 16.2. Fluctuations and Size Effects . 151 16.3. Initial States . 153 x Contents 17.Transport Coefficients 155 17.1. Energy Transport . 155 17.2. Heat Transport . 157 17.2.1. Thermal Initial State . 157 17.2.2. Current . 161 17.2.3. Heat Conductivity . 162 17.3. Connection between Heat and Energy Transport . 165 18.Conclusion and Outlook 167 III. Appendices 171 A. Hilbert Space Average of Expectation Values 173 B. Hyperspheres 177 B.1. Surface of a Hypersphere . 177 B.2. Integration of a Function on a Hypersphere . 179 C. Hilbert Space Averages 181 C.1. Definition . 181 C.2. Hilbert Space Average of Expectation Values . 182 C.3. Special Hilbert-Space Averages . 183 D. Hilbert-Space Variance 185 E. German Summary { Deutsche Zusammenfassung 187 E.1. Zerfall ins Gleichgewicht . 188 E.1.1. Offene Quantensysteme . 188 E.1.2. Hilbertraummittelmethode . 189 E.2. Transport . 191 E.2.1. Badkopplung . 193 E.2.2. Hilbertraummittelmethode . 194 E.3. Fazit . 196 List of Symbols 197 Bibliography 201 List of Previous Publications 213 Index 215 1. Introduction Eine Theorie ist desto eindrucksvoller, je gr¨oßer die Einfachheit ihrer Pr¨amissen ist, je verschiedenartigere Dinge sie verknupft¨ und je weiter ihr Anwendungsbereich ist. Deshalb der tiefe Eindruck, den die klassische Thermodynamik auf mich machte. Es ist die einzige physikalische Theorie allgemeinen Inhalts, von der ich ub¨ erzeugt bin, daß sie im Rahmen der Anwendbarkeit ihrer Grundbegriffe niemals umgestoßen werden wird (zur besonderen Beachtung der grunds¨atzlichen Skeptiker). A. Einstein [129] Phenomenological thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are part of the most impressive and far-reaching theories of modern physics: Their implica- tions reach from central technical devices of the contemporary human society, like heat engines and refrigerators etc. to recent physics at almost all length scales, from Bose-Einstein-condensates and superconductors to black holes. After a phenomenological introduction by some early scientists (Celsius, Fahrenheit, etc.) of quantities from our everyday experiences like temperature and pressure, the whole picture dramatically changed with Joule's calculation of the heat equivalent in 1840. This celebrated investigation showed that heat is nothing else but energy. Joule thus opened a connection between early thermodynamics and (by this time already advanced) classical Hamiltonian mechanics. In 1866 Boltzmann was able to reduce thermodynamics entirely to classical mechanics by identifying the so far phenomenological entropy with the volume of a certain region in phase space [7]. Finally, this conjecture led to our modern understanding of thermodynamics. Besides Bolzmann, such famous physicists as Gibbs [43], Ehrenfest [25], Birkhoff [5] and von Neumann [110] tried to prove the celebrated postulate, but did not succeed without using some further assumptions like ergodicity, quasi-ergodicity, molecular chaos etc. which could neither be proven, in general. Nevertheless, thermodynamics 1 PSfrag replacements 2 1. Introduction Quantum Mechanics Classical Mechanics of composite systems classical of many particles limit dρ^ q_i = fqi; Hg i~ = [H^ ; ρ^] dt p_i = fpi; Hg Quantum Thermodynamics Gibbsian Ensemble Theory (Partitioning) (Ergodicity) Nano- Thermodynamics thermo- of large systems dynamics dU = T dS − pdV of small dS > 0 systems Figure 1.1.: Foundation of thermodynamics on quantum mechanics (left) or classical mechanics (right), respectively.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Surface Morphology Induces Linear Dichroism in Gyroid Optical Metamaterials
    COMMUNICATION Optical Metamaterials www.advmat.de Metasurfaces Atop Metamaterials: Surface Morphology Induces Linear Dichroism in Gyroid Optical Metamaterials James A. Dolan, Raphael Dehmel, Angela Demetriadou, Yibei Gu, Ulrich Wiesner, Timothy D. Wilkinson, Ilja Gunkel, Ortwin Hess, Jeremy J. Baumberg, Ullrich Steiner, Matthias Saba, and Bodo D. Wilts* Metamaterials are artificially engineered Optical metamaterials offer the tantalizing possibility of creating materials whose optical properties are extraordinary optical properties through the careful design and arrangement dependent on both the geometry of their of subwavelength structural units. Gyroid-structured optical metamaterials structural units and their chemical com- [1] possess a chiral, cubic, and triply periodic bulk morphology that exhibits position. The ability to design an effec- tive permittivity ε (ω) and permeability a redshifted effective plasma frequency. They also exhibit a strong linear eff µeff(ω) by careful choice of these subwave- dichroism, the origin of which is not yet understood. Here, the interaction length structural units offers the potential of light with gold gyroid optical metamaterials is studied and a strong for intriguing applications, such as super- correlation between the surface morphology and its linear dichroism is found. lenses and cloaking devices.[2,3] Associ- The termination of the gyroid surface breaks the cubic symmetry of the bulk ated material properties include those lattice and gives rise to the observed wavelength- and polarization-dependent otherwise unavailable in nature, such as a negative refractive index and extreme reflection. The results show that light couples into both localized and “hyperbolic” optical anisotropy.[4] The propagating plasmon modes associated with anisotropic surface protrusions observation of these unique properties and the gaps between such protrusions.
    [Show full text]
  • CV Paspalakis EN 062016A.Pdf
    CURRICULUM VITAE June 2016 Name: Emmanuel Paspalakis Date of Birth: 21 February 1973 Place of Birth: Thessaloniki, Greece Citizenship: Hellenic Marital Status: Married, two children Work Address: Materials Science Department School of Natural Sciences University of Patras Patras 265 04 Greece Tel: +30 2610 969346 E-mail: [email protected] Google scholar: http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PtoIBy4AAAAJ&hl=en Home Address: Meilihou 74 Ekso Agia Patras 264 42 Greece Tel: +30 2610 423674, +30 6944 447194 (mobile) UNIVERSITY EDUCATION 10/1996 - 05/1999: PhD in Physics, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of London, London, England. Title of Thesis: “Quantum Interference and Coherent Control in Dissipative Atomic Systems”. Supervisor: Sir Peter L. Knight FRS. 10/1994 - 09/1996: MSc. in Atomic and Molecular Physics, Physics Department, University of Crete, Greece 09/1990 - 09/1994: 4-year BSc. (Ptyhion) in Physics, Physics Department, University of Crete, Greece (Ranked first in my year) EMPLOYMENT 07/2013 - present: Associate Professor, Materials Science Department, University of Patras, Greece. 05/2008 – 06/2013: Assistant Professor, Materials Science Department, University of Patras, Greece. Tenured 08/2011. 09/2003 – 04/2008: Lecturer, Materials Science Department, University of Patras, Greece. 11/2002 - 10/2003: Postdoctoral Researcher at the Materials Science Department, University of Patras, Greece, with a scholarship by the Greek State Scholarships Foundation (IKY). 11/2001 – 08/2003: Fixed Term Lecturer, Materials Science Department, University of Patras, Greece. 04/1999 - 09/1999 and 04/2001 - 10/2001: Full-time Research Associate in the group of Professor Sir P.L. Knight FRS, Department of Physics, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents Schedule-at-a-Glance . 2 FiO + LS Chairs’ Welcome Letters . 3 General Information . 5 Conference Materials Access to Technical Digest Papers . 7 FiO + LS Conference App . 7 Plenary Session/Visionary Speakers . 8 Science & Industry Showcase Theater Programming . 12 Networking Area Programming . 12 Participating Companies . 14 OSA Member Zone . 15 Special Events . 16 Awards, Honors and Special Recognitions FiO + LS Awards Ceremony & Reception . 19 OSA Awards and Honors . 19 2019 APS/Division of Laser Science Awards and Honors . 21 2019 OSA Foundation Fellowship, Scholarships and Special Recognitions . 21 2019 OSA Awards and Medals . 22 OSA Foundation FiO Grants, Prizes and Scholarships . 23 OSA Senior Members . 24 FiO + LS Committees . 27 Explanation of Session Codes . 28 FiO + LS Agenda of Sessions . 29 FiO + LS Abstracts . 34 Key to Authors and Presiders . 94 Program updates and changes may be found on the Conference Program Update Sheet distributed in the attendee registration bags, and check the Conference App for regular updates . OSA and APS/DLS thank the following sponsors for their generous support of this meeting: FiO + LS 2019 • 15–19 September 2019 1 Conference Schedule-at-a-Glance Note: Dates and times are subject to change. Check the conference app for regular updates. All times reflect EDT. Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday 15 September 16 September 17 September 18 September 19 September GENERAL Registration 07:00–17:00 07:00–17:00 07:30–18:00 07:30–17:30 07:30–11:00 Coffee Breaks 10:00–10:30 10:00–10:30 10:00–10:30 10:00–10:30 10:00–10:30 15:30–16:00 15:30–16:00 13:30–14:00 13:30–14:00 PROGRAMMING Technical Sessions 08:00–18:00 08:00–18:00 08:00–10:00 08:00–10:00 08:00–12:30 15:30–17:00 15:30–18:30 Visionary Speakers 09:15–10:00 09:15–10:00 09:15–10:00 09:15–10:00 LS Symposium on Undergraduate 12:00–18:00 Research Postdeadline Paper Sessions 17:15–18:15 SCIENCE & INDUSTRY SHOWCASE Science & Industry Showcase 10:00–15:30 10:00–15:30 See page 12 for complete schedule of programs .
    [Show full text]
  • Federico Capasso
    Federico Capasso ADDRESS: John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University 205 A Pierce Hall 29 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 PHONE: (617) 384-7611 FAX: (617) 495-2875 EMAIL: [email protected] PERSONAL: Married; two children CITIZENSHIP: Italian and U.S. (Naturalized; 09/23/1992) EDUCATION: 1973 Doctor of Physics, Summa Cum Laude University of Rome, La Sapienza, Italy 1973-1974 Postdoctoral Fellow Fondazione Bordoni, Rome, Italy ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Jan. 2003- Present Robert Wallace Professor of Applied Physics Vinton Hayes Senior Research Fellow in Electrical Engineering, John A. Paulson, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS: 2000 – 2002 Vice President of Physical Research, Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ 1997- 2000 Department Head, Semiconductor Physics Research, Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ. 1987- 1997 Department Head, Quantum Phenomena and Device Research, Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies (formerly AT&T Bell Labs, until 1996), Murray Hill, NJ 1984 – 1987 Distinguished Member of Technical Staff, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 1977 – 1984 Member of Technical Staff, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 1976 – 1977 Visiting Scientist, Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 1974 – 1976 Research Physicist, Fondazione Bordoni, Rome, Italy Citations (Google Scholar) Over 93000 H-index (Google Scholar) 144 Publications Over 500 hundred peer reviewed journals Patents 70 US patents KEY ACHIEVEMENTS 1. Bandstructure Engineering and Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) Capasso and his Bell Labs collaborators over a 20-year period pioneered band-structure engineering, a technique to design and implement artificially structured (“man-made”) semiconductor, materials, and related phenomena/ devices, which revolutionized heterojunction devices in photonics and electronics.
    [Show full text]
  • Plasmonic Nanocavity Modes: from Near-Field to Far-Field Radiation Nuttawut Kongsuwan, Angela Demetriadou, Matthew Horton, Rohit Chikkaraddy, Jeremy J
    pubs.acs.org/journal/apchd5 Article Plasmonic Nanocavity Modes: From Near-Field to Far-Field Radiation Nuttawut Kongsuwan, Angela Demetriadou, Matthew Horton, Rohit Chikkaraddy, Jeremy J. Baumberg,* and Ortwin Hess* Cite This: https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01445 Read Online ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations *sı Supporting Information ABSTRACT: In the past decade, advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of plasmonic nanocavities that facilitate light−matter strong coupling in ambient conditions. The most robust example is the nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) structure whose geometry is controlled with subnanometer precision. The excited plasmons in such nanocavities are extremely sensitive to the exact morphology of the nanocavity, giving rise to unexpected optical behaviors. So far, most theoretical and experimental studies on such nanocavities have been based solely on their scattering and absorption properties. However, these methods do not provide a complete optical description of the nanocavities. Here, the NPoM is treated as an open nonconservative system supporting a set of photonic quasinormal modes (QNMs). By investigating the morphology-dependent optical properties of nanocavities, we propose a simple yet comprehensive nomenclature based on spherical harmonics and report spectrally overlapping bright and dark nanogap eigenmodes. The near-field and far-field optical properties of NPoMs are explored and reveal intricate multimodal interactions. KEYWORDS: plasmonics, nanophotonics, nanocavities, quasinormal mode, near-to-far-field transformation etallic nanostructures have the ability to confine light resonances from far-field spectral peaks. Although significant M below the diffraction limit via the collective excitation of information can be obtained from the far-field spectra, they do conduction electrons, called localized surface plasmons.
    [Show full text]
  • Mode-Locking in Broad-Area Semiconductor Lasers Enhanced
    968 IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 10, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2004 Mode-Locking in Broad-Area Semiconductor Lasers Enhanced by Picosecond-Pulse Injection Joachim Kaiser, Ingo Fischer, Wolfgang Elsäßer, Senior Member, IEEE, Edeltraud Gehrig, and Ortwin Hess Abstract—We present combined experimental and theoretical extensive interest ever since the breakthrough of the semicon- investigations of the picosecond emission dynamics of broad-area ductor laser [11]–[19]—could lead to applications of BALs in semiconductor lasers (BALs). We enhance the weak longitu- short optical pulse or high repetition rate signal generation at dinal self-mode-locking that is inherent to BALs by injecting a single optical 50-ps pulse, which triggers the output of a distinct high powers. regular train of 13-ps pulses. Modeling based on multimode In addition, fundamental questions arise from the fact that Maxwell–Bloch equations illustrates how the dynamic interaction the BALs emission does not only consist of many longitudinal of the injected pulse with the internal laser field efficiently couples modes, but each of these modes consists in fact of a multitude the longitudinal modes and synchronizes the output across the of different lateral modes typically up to the tenth order. This laser stripe. Thus, our results reveal insight into the complex interplay between lateral and longitudinal dynamics in BALs, at allows for a variety of phenomena associated with locking of the same time indicating their potential for short optical pulse the various modes: lateral modes of different longitudinal order generation. or different lateral modes within the same longitudinal mode Index Terms—Broad-area semiconductor lasers (BALs), mode- order might couple.
    [Show full text]
  • Plenary & Keynote Talks
    SHARE THIS CONFERENCE HOME ABOUT LOG IN ACCOUNT SEARCH ARCHIVE ANNOUNCEMENTS Print PinteresTwitter Addthis Home > Plenary & Keynote Talks 0共有する Plenary & Keynote Talks CONFERENCE INFORMATION Home Venue & General Info META 2017 will feature several Plenary Talks and Keynote Lectures by world's leading experts on nanophotonics, plasmonics and metamaterials. Accommodation Restaurant List Plenary Lectures Register Now! Program Plenary Lecture 1: Metaoptics in the visible Proceedings Pre-Conference Tutorials Federico Capasso Presenter Guidelines Harvard University, USA Dinner Cruise Publications/Journals Federico Capasso is the Robert Wallace Professor of Applied Physics at Harvard University, which he Entry Visa joined in 2003 after 27 years at Bell Labs where he was Member of Technical Staff, Department Head Plenaries & Keynotes and Vice President for Physical Research. He is visiting professor at NTU with both the School of Special Sessions Physical and Mathematical Sciences and Electrical and Electronic Engineering. His research has focused Special Symposia on nanoscale science and technology encompassing a broad range of topics. He pioneered band- structure engineering of semiconductor nanostructures and devices, invented and first demonstrated Workshop the quantum cascade laser and investigated QED forces including the first measurement of a repulsive Casimir force. His Call for Papers most recent contributions are new plasmonic devices and flat optics based on metasurfaces. He is a member of the National Call for Special Sessions Academy
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2015-2016
    Annual Report 2015-2016 Centre for Doctoral Training in Theory and Simulation of Materials ©2016 Centre for Doctoral Training in Theory and Simulation of Materials Editors: Alise Virbule and Chris Ablitt Cover Art: Mitesh Patel and Chris Ablitt With contributions from: Lars Blumenthal, Rob Charlton, Luca Cimbaro, Amanda Diez, Peter Fox, Fangyuan Gu, Ali Hammad, Freda Jaeger, Ben Kaube, Andy McMahon, Nicola Molinari, Arash Mostofi, Vadim Nemytov, Premyuda Ontawong, Farnaz Ostovari, Mitesh Patel, Drew Pearce, Nikoletta Prastiti, Eduardo Ramos Fernández, Adam Ready, Lara Román Castellanos, Iacopo Rovelli, Gleb Siroki, Mahdieh Tajabadi Ebrahimi, David Trevelyan, Jonas Verschueren, An- drew Warwick and Marise Westbroek We would like to acknowledge the contributions from the editors of previous years, who left us an excellent template which set the foundations for this year's report. London, November 2016 The back cover is a modified version of the original design by Farnaz Ostovari i “No one can whistle a symphony. It takes a whole orchestra to play it.” —HALFORD E. LUCCOCK, as recited in 'Roadblocks to Faith' by J. A. Pike and J. M. Krumm, 1954 ii Contents Meet the CDT Director's Foreword 1 Cohort VII: The MSc Experience 2-3 Life and Soul of the CDT 4-5 Research Highlights Single-Electron Induced Surface Plasmons on a Topological Nanoparticle 6 Tuning Negative Thermal Expansion by Chemical Control 7 Optimising Water Transport through Graphene-Based Membranes 8 Strong Room Temperature Coupling in Nano-Plasmonic Cavities 9 CDT Life TSM Annual
    [Show full text]
  • Program Booklet
    METAMATERIALS´ Pamplona 21-26 September 2008 Contents Sponsors 4 Foreword 5 Preface 7 Metamaterials 08 Committees 8 Exhibition 10 Pamplona Information 11 Metamaterials 2008 Congress Palace 12 Social Events 14 Session Matrix 17 Full Programme Tuesday Technical Sessions1-2 19 Wednesday Technical Sessions 3-6 26 Thursday Technical Sessions 7-10 42 Friday Technical Sessions 11-14 57 METAMATERIALS´ 03 Pamplona 21-26 September 2008 METAMATERIALS´ Pamplona 21-26 September 2008 Organized by Virtual Institute for Artificial Electromagnetic Materials and Metamaterials Universidad Universidad Pública de Navarra Pública de Navarra Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa In cooperation with the following organizations: Sponsored by: Universidad Pública de Navarra Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa 04 METAMATERIALS´ Pamplona 21-26 September 2008 Foreword It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the Second International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (Metamaterials 2008), initiated by the European Network of Excellence Metamorphose and organized by the Virtual Institute for Artificial Electromagnetic Materials and Metamaterials (Metamorphose VI). This series of events brings together and continues the traditions of the highly successful series of International Conferences on Complex Media and Metamaterials (Bianisotropics) and Rome International Workshops on Metamaterials and Special Materials for Electromagnetic Applications Sergei Tretyakov, General Chair and Telecommunications. International Conferences on Complex Media and Metamaterials had eleven editions, with the names Chiral, Bi-isotropics, or Bianisotropics, reflecting the developments in the field of artificial electromagnetic materials, while the Workshop on Metamaterials and Special Materials for Electromagnetic Applications and Telecommunications had three editions with an ever increasing attendance. The first edition of the Congress, held in Rome in October 2007, has established good traditions which we are happy to follow and develop.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantum Plasmonic Immunoassay Sensing Arxiv:1908.03543V1
    Quantum Plasmonic Immunoassay Sensing , , Nuttawut Kongsuwan,y { Xiao Xiong,z { Ping Bai,z Jia-Bin You,z Ching Eng Png,z , , Lin Wu,∗ z and Ortwin Hess∗ y The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, Imperial College London, London SW7 y 2AZ, United Kingdom Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and z Research), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore N.K.and X.X. contributed equally to this work. { E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Plasmon-polaritons are among the most promising candidates for next generation optical sensors due to their ability to support extremely confined electromagnetic fields and empower strong coupling of light and matter. Here we propose quantum plasmonic immunoassay sensing as an innovative scheme, which embeds immunoassay sensing with recently demonstrated room temperature strong coupling in nanoplasmonic cavi- ties. In our protocol, the antibody-antigen-antibody complex is chemically linked with a quantum emitter label. Placing the quantum-emitter enhanced antibody-antigen- antibody complexes inside or close to a nanoplasmonic (hemisphere dimer) cavity facil- arXiv:1908.03543v1 [physics.optics] 9 Aug 2019 itates strong coupling between the plasmon-polaritons and the emitter label resulting in signature Rabi splitting. Through rigorous statistical analysis of multiple analytes randomly distributed on the substrate in extensive realistic computational experiments, we demonstrate a drastic enhancement of the sensitivity up to nearly 1500% compared to conventional shifting-type plasmonic sensors. Most importantly and in stark con- trast to classical sensing, we achieve in the strong-coupling (quantum) sensing regime 1 an enhanced sensitivity that is no longer dependent on the concentration of antibody- antigen-antibody complexes – down to the single-analyte limit.
    [Show full text]
  • Retrospective Review 2011– 2021
    Retrospective Review 2011– 2021 DR PATRICK PRENDERGAST PROVOST & PRESIDENT Retrospective Review 2011–21 PB | 01 Trinity College Dublin – The University of Dublin Contents 01 Welcome from the Provost 02 07 Opening access to education 64 02 Trinity at a glance 06 08 Supporting the Trinity student experience 68 03 A decade of development – 09 Innovation, entrepreneurship key strategic initiatives 14 and industry engagement 72 04 Trinity’s Global Relations 18 10 Trinity’s thriving flora and fauna 76 05 05.0 Research case studies 22 11 11.0 New professor interviews 80 05.1 Jean Fletcher 24 11.1 Professor Iris Moeller 82 05.2 David Hoey 26 11.2 Professor Stephen Thomas 84 05.3 Kenneth Pearce 28 11.3 Professor Colin Doherty 86 05.4 Tríona Lally 30 11.4 Professor Omar García 88 05.5 Jeremy (Jay) Piggott 32 11.5 Professor Sylvia Draper 90 05.6 Mary Rogan 34 11.6 Professor Ortwin Hess 92 05.7 Lina Zgaga 36 11.7 Professor Aileen Kavanagh 94 05.8 Catherine Comiskey 38 05.9 Helen Sheridan 40 12 Philanthropy & alumni engagement 96 05.10 Robert Whelan 42 05.11 Aidan McDonald 44 13 Developing the campus 100 05.12 Catherine Hayes 46 05.13 Deirdre Madden 48 14 Art of the new – 05.14 Rachel McDonnell 50 keeping it contemporary 104 05.15 Adriele Prina-Mello 52 05.16 Etain Tannam 54 15 Trinity Sport – raising our game 05.17 David Kenny 56 and realising potential 108 05.18 Plamen Stamenov 58 16 Public engagement 112 06 Educational milestones – 10 years of growth and development 60 17 Financial review 2011–2021 116 Retrospective Review 2011–21 02 | 03 01 Welcome from the Provost 2020 and 2021 will go down in So it’s with particular pleasure that I welcome back the Review, history as ‘The Covid Years’, and which also happens to be my last as Provost, since my term of office ends in July 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Wednesday, June 3, 2009
    8:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m. CLEO/IQEC Joint Plenary Session, Ballrooms III-IV 10:00 p.m.–5:00 p.m. Exhibit Hall Open, Exhibit Hall 10:30 a.m.–12:00 p.m. Coffee Break and Exhibit-Only Time, Exhibit Hall 11:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m. Lunch Break (concessions available on show floor) Exhibit Hall JOINT 12:00 p.m.–1:30 p.m. JWA • Joint CLEO/IQEC Poster Session II JWA1 JWA5 JWA9 JWA13 Femtosecond-Laser Induced Sub-200 nm Ultrafast Laser Filamentation Control Tech- Comparative Study of Pump-Induced Refractive High Repetition Rate Bismuth Borate Optical Structures in TiO2, Susanta K. Das, Daniela niques for Remote Applications, Jean-François Index Changes in Aluminum and Phosphate Parametric Oscillator Pumped by a Cavity- Dufft, Martin Bock, Arkadi Rosenfeld, Joern Bonse, Daigle1, Olga Kosareva2, See Leang Chin1, Yousef Silicate Yb-Doped Fibers, Andrei Fotiadi1,2, Oleg Dumped Nd:YLF Laser, Shujie Lin1, Mehdi Shari- Ruediger Grunwald; Max Born Inst., Germany. Kamali1, Gilles Roy3, Jacques Dubois3, Marc L. Antipov3, Igor A. Bufetov4, Evgeny M. Dianov4, fi1, R. J. Dwayne Miller1, Robin Castelino2, Stuart Sub-wavelength periodic surface structures in Chateauneuf3, Francis Theberge3; 1Ctr. d’Optique, Patrice Mégret1; 1Faculté Polytechnique de Mons, Foster2; 1Inst. for Optical Sciences, Univ. of Toronto, titanium dioxide with periods of 170 and 90 nm Photonique et Laser (COPL), Univ. Laval, Canada, Belgium, 2Ioffe Physico-Technical Inst. of Russian Canada, 2Sunnybrook Health Sciences Ctr., Canada. were generated with 150 fs pulses at 800 and 400 2Intl. Laser Ctr., Physics Dept., M.V.
    [Show full text]