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Course Instructions Course Instructions NOTE: The following pages contain a preview of the final exam. This final exam is identical to the final exam that you will take online after you purchase the course. After you purchase the course online, you will be taken to a receipt page online which will have the following link: Click Here to Take Online Exam. You will then click on this link to take the final exam. 3 Easy Steps to Complete the Course: 1.) Read the Course PDF Below. 2.) Purchase the Course Online & Take the Final Exam – see note above 3.) Print Out Your Certificate Tunnel Inspection Manual Final Exam 1. This manual provides specific information for the inspection of both highway and rail transit tunnels. a. True b. False 2. As per Figure 2.8, the horseshoe tunnel shape typically exists in: a. clay b. shale c. sandstone conditions d. rock conditions 3. Regarding Ventilation Systems, tunnel ventilation systems can be categorized into ____ main types: a. one. b. five. c. three. d. four. 4. Regarding Inspection Qualifications, the inspection should be accomplished with teams consisting of a minimum of ____ individuals: a. one. b. two. c. three. d. four. 5. As per Table 3-1, the acronym PCLS stands for: a. Precast Concrete Liner Segments. b. Post-tensioned Concrete Liner Segments. c. Polymer Cast Liner Sleeve. d. Post Construction Limed Shotcrete. 6. Considering Inspection of Civil/Structural Elements, the tunnel owner should establish the frequency for up-close inspections of the tunnel structure based on the age and condition of the tunnel. a. True b. False 7. As per Table 4-1, the rating for “Excellent condition – No defects found” is: a. 9. b. 5. c. 0. d. 8. 8. Considering Inspection of Electrical Systems, the main purpose of an in-depth inspection is to verify that the electrical systems are performing as expected. a. True b. False 9. As per Table 4-5, the maximum allowable operating speed for passenger trains on class 3 track is: a. 100 km/h. b. 25 km/h. c. 140 km/h. d. 50 km/h. 10. Considering Field Data, for the tunnel structure, the documentation of severe defects should include a sketch: a. True b. False Highway and Rail Transit Tunnel Inspection Manual 2005 Edition U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Federal Transit Administration 1 | Tunnel Inspection Manua l FEDER A L HIGHW AY ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In March of 2001, the Federal Highway Administration track systems, power systems (third rail/ catenary), and (FHWA), in conjunction with the Federal Transit signal/communications systems. Administration (FTA), engaged Gannett Fleming, Inc., to develop the first ever Tunnel Management System to benefit both highway and rail transit tunnel Fundamentals of Tunnel Inspection owners throughout the United States and Puerto As can be expected, there are basic steps that must Rico. Specifically, these federal agencies, acting as be properly accomplished for the end product of ONE DOT, set a common goal to provide uniformity the inspection to be useful to the tunnel owner and consistency in assessing the physical condition for planning purposes. These steps include making of the various tunnel components. It is commonly sure that the inspectors are qualified to properly understood that numerous tunnels in the United identify defects and make recommendations about States are more than 50 years old and are beginning their respective systems within the tunnel. Also, the to show signs of considerable deterioration, especially responsibilities of the individual inspection team due to water infiltration. In addition, it is desired that members and the tunnel owner are discussed. The next good maintenance and rehabilitation practices be section lists the equipment/tools that may be required presented that would aid tunnel owners in the repair of to perform the inspections. identified deficiencies. To accomplish these ONE DOT goals, Gannett Fleming, Inc., was tasked to produce an A section on preparation for the inspection consists of Inspection Manual, a Maintenance and Rehabilitation describing the tasks that should be completed during Manual, and a computerized database wherein all the mobilization phase of the inspection. Also, a survey inventory, inspection, and repair data could be control section is given that describes how to record collected and stored for historical purposes. the inspection results with respect to their location within the tunnel. Following that, suggested standard This manual provides specific information for the forms are presented that can be used to record the inspection of both highway and rail transit tunnels. actual structural condition codes assessed during the Although several components are similar in both inspection. types of tunnels, a few elements are specific to either highway or rail transit tunnels and are defined After the preparation section, brief sections on accordingly. The following paragraphs explain the methods of access, which describes equipment that specific subjects covered along with procedural might be necessary to reach the areas that need to be recommendations that are contained in this manual. inspected, and safety practices for both highway and rail transit tunnels are included. Introduction Inspection Procedures – General Discussion This chapter presents a brief history of the project development and outlines the scope and contents This chapter presents recommended frequencies and of the Inspection Manual. specific defects to look for in each of the following categories: structural elements, mechanical systems, electrical systems, and other systems/appurtenances. Tunnel Construction and Systems The structural elements section includes descriptions To develop uniformity concerning certain tunnel of defects in concrete, steel, masonry, and timber. Also components and systems, this chapter was developed included in this section is a segment describing the to define those major systems and describe how they procedures that should be followed in the event that relate to both highway and rail transit tunnels. This the inspection reveals defects that require immediate chapter is broken down into four sub-chapters, which repair. Structural conditions codes are detailed on a 0 include: tunnel types, ventilation systems, lighting to 9 scale for the general condition and subsequently systems, and other systems/appurtenances. for specific tunnel segments for cut-and-cover box tunnels, soft ground tunnel liners, rock tunnel liners, The tunnel types section covers the different tunnel and timber liners. The individual tunnel segment shapes in existence, liner types that have been used, ratings are summarized in a table. the two main invert types, the various construction methods used to construct a tunnel, and the multiple The systems/appurtenances section includes general different finishes that typically exist in highway discussions on track elements, power systems (third tunnels. The ventilation and lighting system sections rail/catenary), and signal/communication systems. are self explanatory in that they cover the basic Given the complexity of these systems, only general system types and configurations. The other systems/ inspection recommendations are given for the major appurtenances section is used to explain tunnel components. systems that are present in rail transit tunnels, such as: 2 | Tunnel Inspection Manua l FEDER A L HIGHW AY ADMINISTRATION Inspection Documentation structure and any specialized testing reports that were generated during the inspection. The final chapter of this manual offers suggestions on how to properly record the results of an indepth Repair priority definitions are presented so that the inspection. The field data section describes how to individuals writing the inspection report can classify visually record the defects that are found, either on the defects based on definitions for critical, priority, pre-printed forms or through the use of tablet PC’s and routine classifications. Finally, a recommended (pen based computers) in to a database. Abbreviations outline for the inspection report is given for guidance are given for the most common defects that are as to what information should be included for the found on the tunnel structure. Also included are tunnel owners’ use in determining how to address the recommendations that are specific to the track items identified during the inspection. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Background Scope The National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) were The purpose of this manual is to provide highway and established in the early 1970s to ensure highway rail transit tunnel owners guidance for establishing structures received proper inspection using uniform procedures and practices for the inspection, documen- procedures and techniques. The NBIS address a tation, and priority classification of deficiencies for number of issues including personnel qualification, various elements that comprise an existing tunnel. It inspection frequency, and reporting of inspection is also the intent that this manual be used as part of a findings. Following the issuance of the NBIS, the comprehensive inspection and maintenance program. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) developed The preliminary research performed indicates that a a comprehensive training course, including an majority of tunnel owners believe there is a need to inspector’s manual, designed for those individuals develop guidance for procedures for managing tunnel in the highway community responsible for bridge activities that could be readily
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