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Genitalic Studies of Two Species of Genus Daphnis Hübner (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera) from India

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Genitalic Studies of Two Species of Genus Daphnis Hübner (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera) from India JCBPS;Section B; Feb.2015–Apr.2015, Vol. 5, No. 2; 1531-1537. E- ISSN: 2249 –1929 Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences An International Peer Review E-3 Journal of Sciences Available online atwww.jcbsc.org Section B: Biological Sciences CODEN (USA): JCBPAT Research Article Genitalic studies of two species of Genus Daphnis Hübner (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera) from India Amritpal Singh Kaleka*, Devinder Singh and Parminder Kaur Department of Zoology & Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, Punjab, India. Received: 18 February 2015; Revised: 06 March 2015; Accepted: 12 March 2015 Abstract: The male and female genitalic features of both the known Indian species of genus Daphnis Hübner i.e., nerii Linnaeus (type species) and hypothous Cramer have been studied and illustrated in detail. The genus diagnosis has been updated and a key to the species has been formulated. Key words: taxonomy, Daphnis, Sphingidae, genitalia INTRODUCTION The genus Daphnis Hübner is known by nine species from different parts of the globe which are dark green to greenish brown with a characteristic wing pattern of paler fasciae. Most species are Indo- Australian, but the type species i.e. nerii Linnaeus extends from the Afro-tropical region to South-East Asia (D'Abrera3). Rothschild & Jordan12 and Bell & Scott2 included these species in genus Dielephila Laspeyres, but Holloway6 shifted these species to Daphnis Hübner, as described by Hampson5. Later, Pittaway10, Beck and Kitching1 and Pittaway and Kitching11 followed the same nomenclature. The critical examination of morphological characters particularly male and female genitalic features shows that both these species are congeneric. MATERIAL AND METHODS The studied material was collected from different localities falling in the States of North-East and North- West India. The collected material was treated as per standardized techniques in Lepidopterology. The 1531 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. B, February 2015 – April 2015; Vol.5, No.2; 1531-1537 Genitalic … Amritpal et al. terminology for naming different parts of genitalia has been followed after Klots9. The diagrams were drawn with the help of graph eye-piece fitted in Stereo-zoom binocular. Abbreviations: AED: Aedeagus; ANT. APO: Anterior apophyses; CO: Costa; CRP. BU: Corpus bursae; DU. BU: Ductus bursae; JX: Juxta; PAP. A: Papilla analis; PO. APO: Posterior apophyses; SA: Saccus; SL: Sacculus; TG: Tegumen; UN: Uncus; VLV: Valva; VIN: Vinculum. RESULTS Genus Daphnis Hübner: Hübner, 1819, Verz. bekannter Schmett. 1819: 137; Hampson, 1892, Moths India, 1: 94. Type species: nerii Linnaeus Distribution: Throughout India; Africa; Europe; Borneo; Java; Sri Lanka; Mauritius. Diagnosis: Labial palpus large, upturned, more rounded at apex, smoothly scaled. Antenna slightly clubbed in female with a long thin terminal segment. Forewing with apex pointed; Cu1 from well before angle of cell; M3 from angle; M2 from below middle of discocellulars; M1 from upper angle or stalked as M1 (R5, R4); R(3+2) from well before upper angle; discal cell less than half the length of wing. Hindwing with vein Cu2 just beyond middle of cell; Cu1 before lower angle; M3 from angle; Sc + R1 anastomosing with cell before middle; discal cell one-third of the wing. Legs with tibial spurs considerably longer; mid tibia with one pair of tibial spurs, inner ones long; hind tibia with two pairs of tibial spurs, inner ones double the length of outer ones; tibiae without spines. Abdomen armed with elongate and weak spines in several rows. Male genitalia with uncus and gnathos strong, undivided; valva having less than ten friction scales on outer surface; sacculus with broadly bifid projection, both processes dorsal; aedeagus with one or two left processes and a longer right process at distal end. Female genitalia with corpus bursae having longitudinal signum; anterior apophyses shorter than posterior ones. Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus) (Figs. 1-6) Sphinx nerii, Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10: 490; id., 1767, Syst. Nat., 12: 798; Cramer, 1779, Pap. Exot., 2: 51. Daphnis nerii, Moore, 1857, Cat. Lep. Ins. Mus. E.I.C., 1: 272; id., 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865: 794; Butler, 1881, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881: 613; Moore, 1882, Lep. Ceylon, 2: 14; Swinhoe, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1884: 513; Hampson, 1892, Moths India, 1: 94. Wing Expanse: Male: 80-104 mm; Female: 94 mm Male genitalia: Uncus broad at base, gradually narrowing towards tip, moderately sclerotized, tip blunt, setosed; gnathos triangular, well sclerotized, hood like distally; tegumen broad, slightly sclerotized, almost of same length of vinculum; vinculum gradually broadening towards rounded saccus, slightly sclerotized; juxta bean shaped but with narrow ends, slightly sclerotized; transtilla bursiform, slightly sclerotized. Valva quite broad, reaching well beyond the level of uncus; costa semi-sclerotized, setosed; sacculus broad, slightly sclerotized; saccular projection broad at base having oblong well sclerotized dentate distal end, valva broad, ovoid, semi membranous distally, outer wall with narrow semisclerotized number of projections representing friction patch. Aedeagus narrow, of moderate length, semi sclerotized, 1532 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. B, February 2015 – April 2015; Vol.5, No.2; 1531-1537 Genitalic … Amritpal et al. distal end having a highly sclerotized spur on one side and a sclerotized slightly bicuspid plate at distal end; vesica without any armature. 1533 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. B, February 2015 – April 2015; Vol.5, No.2; 1531-1537 Genitalic … Amritpal et al. Female genitalia: Corpus bursae companulate, both walls protruding in the middle, membranous; longitudinal signum, vase-like; ductus bursae of moderate size, elbow-shaped in the middle; basal half guarded by well sclerotized genital plate; ductus seminalis originating from well before the anterior end of genital plate; anterior apophysis shorter than posterior ones, dilated towards tip; posterior apophysis long and narrow, having blunt apices; papilla analis deltoid, fringed with micro and macro setae. Material Examined: Assam: North Cachar Hills, Jatinga, 18.VII.1991, 1♂. Himachal Pradesh: Andhreta, 18.VI.1998, 1♂; 27.VI.1999, 1♂; 11.VII.2010, 1♀; Sarahan, 07.VI.2000, 2♂♂, 1♀. Meghalaya: Jowaii, 07.VII.1991, 1♂. Punjab: Dunera, 27.X.2001, 2♂♂; Patiala, 10.VII.1993, 2♂, 1♀; 15.IX.1998, 1♂. Distribution: India: Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Punjab; Africa, Asia and Europe. Remarks: The present species, commonly known as Olender Hawk moth or Army green moth, is one of the most widely distributed sphingid species in the World. Rothschild & Jordan12 and Bell & Scott2 erroneously designated this species as type species of genus Deilephila Laspeyres and included under it. Later, Fletcher and Nye4 clarified that Daphnis Hübner and Deilephila Laspeyres are two distinct genera with type species nerii Linnaeus and elpenor Linnaeus respectively. Holloway6 and Beck and Kitching1 followed the same nomenclature as proposed by Fletcher and Nye4. Daphnis hypothous (Cramer) (Figs. 7-11) Sphinx hypothous, Cramer, 1780, Uitl, Kapell., 3: 165 Dielephila hypothous, Cramer; Rothschild & Jordan, 1903, Novit. Zool., 9: 509; Bell & Scott, 1937, Fauna British India, Moths, 5: 271-273. Daphnis hypothous, Moore, 1867, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867: 15; Cotes & Swinhoe, 1887, Cat. Moths of India, 1: 21; id, 1889, Cat. Moths of India, Appendix,: 1727; Hampson, 1892, Moths India, 1: 95; Dudgeon, 1878, Journ. Bom. Nat. Hist. Soc., 9: 415. Wing Expanse: Male: 108 mm; Female: mm. Male genitalia: Uncus of moderate size, broad at base, gradually narrowing towards distal end, well sclerotized, setosed; distal end blunt, highly sclerotized; gnathos well developed, moderately sclerotized, narrowing gradually towards distal end; distal end thumb-like, highly sclerotized; tegumen broad, semi sclerotized, inverted V-shaped, more than double the length of vinculum; vinculum short, narrow, moderately sclerotized ending into U-shaped semi sclerotized saccus; juxta simple, semi sclerotized; transtilla short, bar-like, semi sclerotized. Valva with narrow basal half, extending well beyond the level of uncus; costa well defined, moderately sclerotized, setosed; sacculus broad, slightly sclerotized having short arched well sclerotized saccular projection having highly sclerotized serrate inner margins; distal half of valva broad, setosed, outer wall having foliate sclerotized projections. Aedeagus long, proximal end produced, slightly more sclerotized; distal end having two long well sclerotized spurs with pointed tips; vesica without any armature. 1534 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. B, February 2015 – April 2015; Vol.5, No.2; 1531-1537 Genitalic … Amritpal et al. 1535 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. B, February 2015 – April 2015; Vol.5, No.2; 1531-1537 Genitalic … Amritpal et al. Female genitalia: Corpus bursae oblong, membranous; signum longitudinal; ductus bursae long, membranous; basal one-third portion guarded by well sclerotized genital plate; ductus seminalis from near anterior end of genital plate; anterior apophysis with blunt apices; papilla analis triangular, setosed with micro long and macro short setae. Material Examined: Assam: North Cachar Hills, Jatinga, 03.IX.1991, 1♂, 1♀; 05.IX.1991, 2♂♂. Distribution: India: Assam; Borneo; China; Indonesia; Nepal, Malaysia; Myanmar; Sri Lanka; Taiwan and Thailand. Remarks: This species is closely allied to the type species nerii Linnaeus, but can be distinguished having dark brown forewing with
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