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The History of the Ford Escort, Ford Focus, and Mercury Tracer .Pdf 3/23/2019 The history of the Ford Escort, Ford Focus, and Mercury Tracer. EFP / Escort-Focus Performance Home Escort Parts Focus Parts Tech & Info Ordering Legal Info Contact Us Links The History of the Ford Escort The First Generation 1981 Ford's first "World Car", the Escort, was introduced in the North American market for the model year 1981. The Ford Escort (a totally different version) had been available in other parts of the world as a rear wheel drive car from 1968-1980. The North American launch of the Escort coincided with the European release of the MK3 Escort. Ford Motor Company needed a new subcompact car to replace the outdated Pinto. The first Escort, and Mercury's version called the Lynx, was powered by a carbureted 1.6L 4 cylinder sporting a 2 barrel carburetor that produced 69 horsepower. The engines were SOHC (single overhead cam) designs and called the CVH, which stood for "Compound Angle Hemispherical" combustion chamber. This was "basic transportation" and needed more power under the hood. These cars were all front wheel drive, had independent 4-wheel suspension, rack & pinion steering, and a choice of a 3-speed automatic or 4-speed manual transmission. They were available as a 2-door hatchback or a 4-door wagon. Initially, there were a lot of recalls and build-quality problems. These engines suffered many head gasket failures due to having an aluminum cylinder head on an iron block. The fix was stretchable (one time use only) head bolts and a new cylinder head gasket design. 1982 Ford decided to expand the product line for 1982 making a 4-door hatchback. The other cars were primarily unchanged in appearance except for minor trim details. The choices were a base, L, GL, GLX models. This was also the first year for the higher output Escort. An "SS" package was offered. This vehicle, had graphics package, a high output version of the 2bbl 1.6L CVH. This "H.O." engine produced 80 horsepower. Late in the model year, the SS package was dropped and was replaced with the GT package. The GT package was pretty much the same as the SS in the fact it was pretty much an appearance group. As for why the SS package was dropped, It is my belief that General Motors may have held a trademark on the SS terminology. The EXP coupe was introduced this year. The EXP was a 2-seater hatchback powered by the same 1.6L and the same 4-speed manual as the Escort. The Escort was America's "best selling car" for the 1982 model year. 1983 www.escortfocus.com/html/history.html 1/7 3/23/2019 The history of the Ford Escort, Ford Focus, and Mercury Tracer. This year saw the elimination of the base model. The GT package received numerous improvements over the 82 model receiving a multi-port EFI making 88 horsepower, a 5 speed manual transmission, the TRX handling package, front & rear spoilers, alloy wheels, and fog lights. The other manual transmission cars still had the 4-speed. A Turbo GT model featuring a 120hp turbocharged version of the 1.6L EFI engine was introduced this year. The EXP and Mercury's LN7 fastback were upgraded also. 1984 The Turbo GT carried over into 1984. A 2.0L diesel engine (produced by Mazda) was also offered this year but neither of the two versions sold well. The Turbo GT was dropped at the end of the model year and the diesel was discontinued in 1987. The GLX trim package was replaced with the LX and came with the GT's engine. The dash was also redesigned and the horn moved back to the steering wheel from the turn signal stalk. The EXP could be ordered with the optional 1.6L turbo engine for 1984. The turbo EXP received quicker handling, sport wheels, and a ground effects package. But once again, it lagged a bit in performance due to its increased weight. 1985 The Turbo GT version of the Escort was a carryover during the first half of this year. There were some minor trim changes but not much else. Then in 1985-1/2 the car was redesigned with a longer nose, flush-mounted aerodynamic headlights, different tail lights, and a different grill. The 1.6L engines were all replaced by the 1.9L CVH with a 2bbl. carb. It had 86hp, and about 16% more torque. The base model Escort returned at this time. 1986 The Escort remained basically the same except the addition of a third brake light in the hatch. The base model was renamed the Pony. The Escort GT resurfaced this year with a 1.9L EFI engine producing 108hp. It had an improved suspension, 15" alloy 8 spoke wheels, an asymmetrical grill opening, front and rear spoilers, lower body sills, and a front air dam with integral fog lamps. The GT's were all painted 2-tone. It should be noted that a lot of people consider the 86 GT to be a 1985-1/2 model as it was introduced late in that year. The EXP was not produced during the start of the 1986 model year. Rather it resurfaced late in the model year as a 1986œ model. The EXP was now called the Escort EXP and it received the same aero headlights and came in two models, the luxury and the sport. The luxury had the 86hp engine whereas the sport had the 108hp engine from the GT. 1987-1990 No major engine or powertrain changes were added with the exception of replacing the carburetor with a throttle body (CFI) fuel injection system and reducing the valve size. The power was upped to 90hp in the standard engine and 110hp in the GT. The diesel engine was dropped mid year. There were some minor body changes though for the 1988 model year and the entry level Pony model was available with an automatic transmission in addition to the 4-speed manual in 1988 as well. The only other models available were the GL and GT. The Escort EXP was discontinued in 1988. Automatic seat belts and the split-folding rear seat were introduced this year. Ford did a mid-year update again. For 1988-1/2 the nose and tail were redesigned along with front fenders, rear quarter panels, and completely new taillights. The car had a www.escortfocus.com/html/history.html 2/7 3/23/2019 The history of the Ford Escort, Ford Focus, and Mercury Tracer. much more smooth appearance than the older versions. 14 inch tires were now standard. The LX trim level was brought back as an upgrade over the GL. The GT version also received a new grill, lower body molding, and a new rear spoiler. During this time Ford started to put roller hydraulic camshafts in the CSI and EFI (GT) engines. Also cars after 3/90 had the Distributorless Ignition System (DIS). There were other no major changes through 1990 except the trim levels. The only versions were the Pony, LX, and GT. The Pony and GT were 2-door hatchbacks while the LX came as 2-door hatchback, a 4-door, and a station wagon. The Escorts still remained the best selling cars in their class. The Second Generation 1991 Ford completely redesigned the Escort for 1991. It had all new sheet metal and flush fitting glass. The wheelbase was extended by 4" to help smooth out the ride. The 1.9L stayed, but Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection "SEFI" with "mass airflow" metering was added along with the Electronic Distributorless Ignition System (EDIS) and a roller hydraulic camshaft. Even though the horsepower was only 88, those changes resulted in a much smoother running engine with better performance. For some unknown reason, the 91-96 CVH engines still had the smaller valves of the CFI engine. The car had a lower hoodline due to the engine being tilted forward. The automatic transmission was replaced with a new 4-speed overdrive electronically controlled unit and a lockup torque converter. The cars again came with 13" tires as standard equipment and had a new suspension system equipped with a rear anti-sway bar for much improved handling over the earlier cars. The 1991 Escort GT was also revitalized. Leading the list of improvements was the addition of the Mazda 1.8L Double Overhead Cam (DOHC) engine making 127hp. This engine, when mated to a 5 speed manual, offered swift acceleration that has not been seen since the Turbo GT of 1984. Also, a sport tuned suspension was added along with 4 wheel disc brakes. Now the GT was able to handle and stop competently as well as be a street sleeper. 0-60 times for this GT with a 5 speed were about 8.3 seconds. This was the first model year the Escort GT was really taken as a serious performance subcompact. 1992 In 1992, Ford introduced a 4 door notchback sedan for the first time in the history of the Escort. The LX-E version of the sedan received the 1.8l DOHC GT engine. No major changes were done to the GT. Mercury brought out it's version, the Tracer, only available as a 4-door notchback sedan or a station wagon. They also had a 4-door version of the Escort LX-E called the LTS. This "Tracer" is in no way related to the earlier 1988-89 models that were based on a Mazda design. The Escort Pony was dropped this year. 1993-1996 www.escortfocus.com/html/history.html 3/7 3/23/2019 The history of the Ford Escort, Ford Focus, and Mercury Tracer.
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