Government of Dominica

Geothermal Project Management Unit Regional Council of Guadeloupe Government headquarters Avenue Paul Lacavé Kennedy Avenue Petit Paris ROSEAU 97 109 BASSE-TERRE DOMINICA (Commonwealth of) FRANCE

Contact : Mr Alexis V. GEORGE Contact : Mr André BON

Dominica Geothermal Energy Development Project Phase 2: Environmental Survey and Impact Assessment of Geothermal Wells Drilling in the Roseau Valley.

Executive Summary of the Environmental Impact Assessment

Roseau, Dominica Caribbean Geothermal Interreg Programme

1 REFERENCES

TITLE CARIBBEAN GEOTHERMAL INTERREG PROGRAMME PHASE 2: PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACTS OF GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT DRILLING IN DOMINICA – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY, TOWNSHIP OF ROSEAU, DOMINICA

RECIPIENTS GEOTHERMAL PROJECT REGIONAL COUNCIL OF MANAGEMENT UNIT GUADELOUPE

GOVERNMENT HEADQUARTERS AVENUE PAUL LACAVE KENNEDY AVENUE PETIT-PARIS ROSEAU 97 109 BASSE-TERRE DOMINICA (COMMONWEALTH OF) FRANCE

PERSONS CONTACTED MICHAEL FADELLE – COORDINATOR, RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAMME (GOVERNMENT OF DOMINICA) ALEXIS V. GEORGE – GEOTHERMAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (GOVERNMENT OF DOMINICA) ANDRÉ BON – DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND QUALITY OF LIFE (REGIONAL COUNCIL OF GUADELOUPE)

AUTHORS OLIVIER FELICITE – CARAÏBES ENVIRONNEMENT DEVELOPPEMENT MURIEL IRIBAREN – CARAÏBES ENVIRONNEMENT DEVELOPPEMENT GAELLE HEBERT – CARAÏBES ENVIRONNEMENT DEVELOPPEMENT PIERRE DECHAMPS – CARAÏBES ENVIRONNEMENT DEVELOPPEMENT

QUALITY CONTROL OLIVIER FELICITE – CARAÏBES ENVIRONNEMENT DEVELOPPEMENT

REFERENCES E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC

VERSION VT1

DATE 29 OCTOBER 2013

This report is based on the conditions observed and the data supplied by the organisation’s representatives during our visits. The recommendations and observations contained herein are neither exhaustive nor definitive, and do not cover all the potential risks or dangers inherent in the organisation’s activities nor do they guarantee that the organisation complies with the applicable legislative, regulatory, normative or statutory requirements. No service provided by Caraïbes Environnement may be considered as an act of project management and under no circumstances is Caraïbes Environnement a service contractor, designer or project manager. This report is intended to assist the organisation with regard to environmental prevention and protection and risk management actions. The contents of this report may not be used as a contractual document by a third party.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 2/50

2 CONTENTS

2.1 List of sections

1 REFERENCES ...... 2 2 CONTENTS ...... 3 2.1 List of sections ...... 3 2.2 List of figures ...... 4 2.3 List of charts ...... 5 3 BACKGROUND ...... 6 4 INTRODUCTION ...... 7 4.1 Environmental impact study context and objectives ...... 7 4.2 Nature of the project ...... 7 4.3 Natural hazards and climatic elements that might affect the project ...... 7 4.4 Supplementary surveys ...... 7 5 STUDY AREAS ...... 8 5.1 Geographical study area...... 8 5.2 Study area duration ...... 8 5.3 Natural and climatic aspects that may affect the study areas ...... 8 6 PRESENTATION OF THE ROSEAU VALLEY GEOTHERMAL PROJECT ...... 9 6.1 Project justification ...... 9 6.2 Method to be employed ...... 10 6.3 Sites selected for drilling ...... 11 7 ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND ...... 13 7.1 Physical environment ...... 13 7.2 Natural environment ...... 17 7.3 Landscape and living environment ...... 20 7.4 Human environment ...... 29 8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 33 8.1 Description of the phases ...... 33 8.2 Impacts and measures on the physical environment ...... 34 8.3 Impacts and measures on the natural environment ...... 38 8.4 Impacts and measures on landscape and heritage ...... 40 8.5 Impacts and measures on the human environment ...... 42 8.6 Oversight of measures (environmental monitoring programme) ...... 48

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 3/50

2.2 List of figures Figure 1: Project study area location ...... 8 Figure 2: Typical drill rig ...... 10 Figure 3: View of the Laudat site with the platform (August 2013) ...... 11 Figure 4: Panoramic view from east of the Laudat platform (August 2013) ...... 11 Figure 5: View over the Trafalgar site taken from the road leading to Laudat (August 2013) ...... 12 Figure 6: Panoramic view of the Trafalgar site, taken from the entrance, to the east (August 2013) ...... 12 Figure 7: Area of interest on the Roseau Valley geothermal field as defined in June 2008 and estimation of the size and depth of the high-temperature reservoir ...... 14 Figure 8: Cross section of Roseau Valley ...... 20 Figure 11: View of production site from the village of Laudat, viewing point 2 (2013 photo) 21 Figure 12: Production site from the village of Laudat, viewing point 2 (2013 zoomed photo) ...... 21 Figure 13: Laudat houses viewed from the production site (2013 zoomed photo) ...... 21 Figure 14: The site from the vicinity of the DOMLEC reservoir, viewing point 3 (2013 photo) ...... 22 Figure 15: Production site from the western access road (2011 photo) ...... 22 Figure 16: Production site from the southern access road (2013 photo) ...... 23 Figure 17: Location of illustrated viewing points over the production site ...... 23 Figure 18: Location of reinjection site’s distant viewing points ...... 24 Figure 19: Reinjection site viewed from north of the Laudat road, viewing point 1 (2013 photo) ...... 25 Figure 20: Zoom photo of reinjection site, viewing point 1 ...... 25 Figure 21: Zoom photo of reinjection site, viewing point 1 ...... 25 Figure 22: View from access road to reinjection site, viewing point 2 ...... 26 Figure 23: View from residential area north of the reinjection site, viewing point 3 ...... 26 Figure 24: View from the houses nearest to the site, viewing point 4 ...... 26 Figure 25: View from the houses north of the reinjection site, viewing point 5 ...... 27 Figure 26: View from the houses north-east of the site, viewing point 6 ...... 27 Figure 27: View from a garden north-east of the site, viewing point 7 ...... 27 Figure 28: View from north-east of the site, viewing point 8 ...... 27 Figure 29: Location of the reinjection site’s intermediate and close-up viewing points ...... 28

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 4/50

2.3 List of charts Table 1: Characteristics of the main access roads to the Roseau Valley ...... 19 Table 2: Characteristics of the main access road to the project sites ...... 31 Table 3: Environmental monitoring programme...... 50

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 5/50

3 BACKGROUND

The ‘Geothermal Energy in the Caribbean Islands’ or ‘Géothermie Caraïbes’ project in the Roseau Valley in Dominica is part of the European cooperation programme INTERREG III-B ‘Caribbean Space’. The various partners (Government of Dominica, Council of Guadeloupe, Council of Martinique BRGM-CFG Services and the French Environment and Energy Management Agency ADEME,) are collaborating here in order to develop an energy production project consistent with the global aims of sustainable development. The government wishes to launch Phase 2 of the project comprising operational development drilling with the objective of creating a production platform and a reinjection platform. This phase will therefore enable the fuelling of a future 20MW power station that would cover Dominica’s energy requirements. This project’s client is the Government of Dominica, represented by the Geothermal Project Management Unit. ADEME is the Government’s partner within the project framework. The company CARAÏBES ENVIRONNEMENT has been commissioned to carry out the impact study linked to this project.

Contracting authority Geothermal Project Management Unit (PMU) Government Headquarters Kennedy Avenue ROSEAU Dominica (Commonwealth of)

Partners Conseil Régional de la Guadeloupe Avenue Paul Lacavé Petit Paris 97109 BASSE-TERRE FRANCE

Environmental Olivier Felicite, Environmental engineer Impact Study Gaëlle Hebert, Environmental engineer

Muriel Iribaren, Landscape engineer

Pierre DECHAMPS, GIS cartographic designer CARAIBES ENVIRONNEMENT

CARAIBES ENVIRONEMENT was assisted in the carrying-out of this study by:  Miss Marie-José Edwards for the fauna & flora aspects;  Asconit Consultants for the hydrobiological study. This report constitutes the executive summary of the environmental impact assessment for the geothermal project in the Roseau Valley, carried out by CARAIBES ENVIRONNEMENT.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 6/50

4 INTRODUCTION

4.1 Environmental impact study context and objectives This document is the executive summary of the environmental impact assessment of the operational development phase of a geothermal project. An impact study is a scientific and technical analysis for the purposes of predicting a project’s future consequences for the environment. 4.2 Nature of the project The project involves the sinking of 2 development plateforms (1 for production at Laudat and 1 for reinjection at Trafalgar) for a 20MW high enthalpy geothermal power station project located in the Roseau Valley, Dominica. High enthalpy geothermal power involves the use of the high temperature of a geothermal reservoir to produce electricity. 4.3 Natural hazards and climatic elements that might affect the project The operational development drilling programme within the framework of the geothermal station project in the Roseau Valley is liable to be affected by the following natural hazards:  Earthquake;  Volcanic eruption;  Landslide;  Hurricane;  Flooding; 4.4 Supplementary surveys

4.4.1 Acoustic survey The acoustic survey carried out as part of the environmental impact study is intended to measure the ambient noise level in the vicinity of the 2 drilling sites. Those measurements made prior to the start of the project are therefore measurements of the initial state of each of the sites. This survey has helped to estimate the noise emission levels that will be obtained at various points close to the drilling sites.

4.4.2 Hydrobiological survey The objective of this survey is to make an inventory of the flora and fauna present in the Trois-Piton River and in the Roseau River prior to implementing the project. No previous study of these rivers had been carried out to determine their ecological state This survey is therefore a starting point for future surveys on this river.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 7/50

5 STUDY AREAS

5.1 Geographical study area

Figure 1: Project study area location The project study area was determined in the light of the various topics covered in the impact study. It particularly takes into account the topics raised in the project impact study, the site locations, the geography of the area and the presence of residential areas.

5.2 Study area duration The development drilling project will last for 4 months.

5.3 Natural and climatic aspects that may affect the study areas No natural hazard is likely to affect the study area.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 8/50

6 PRESENTATION OF THE ROSEAU VALLEY GEOTHERMAL PROJECT

6.1 Project justification

6.1.1 Environmental criteria The decision to favour electricity production from a geothermal resource has an overall positive environmental impact compared to other means of production (the use of fossil or nuclear fuels). The risk of polluting the environment (air, soil, water) is reduced. Geothermal installations use natural liquids from underground reservoirs. They generate no solid wastes, and their gas emissions are limited. They therefore contribute overall to the reduction of environmental problems linked to the use of other less clean sources of energy (fuel oil, gas, coal). 6.1.2 Technical criteria Dominica has a priori an exceptional geothermal deposit (>250°) located in the Roseau Valley. This area has long been known in the region as having significant geothermal surface activity: fumaroles, sulphurous mud, hot springs. Recent volcanic activity together with the presence of a large tectonic structure is the reason for the conditions favourable to the development of a geothermal reservoir capable of being used to produce electricity. The choice of geothermal operations at the 2 selected sites has been dictated by the location of the geothermal resource. The bore holes will have a depth of 1,200 metres in order to reach the reservoir whose temperature should be in the order of 210/230°C. The liquid will be extracted in the form of dry or wet steam for the production of electricity.

6.1.3 Economic criteria Dominica is currently energy self-sufficient for nearly 40% of its electricity requirements due to its exploitation of local energy resources (wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, PV). Operating a geothermal station with a gross output capability of at least 15MW will provide the following benefits:  By totally replacing ‘diesel’ production, it will bring an annual reduction of hydrocarbon imports;  A reduction in the cost of electricity. At present, the cost of electricity in Dominica is 40 US cents per kWh. Electricity produced by a geothermal system would cost 18-20 US cents per kWh.

6.1.4 Social criteria Operating a geothermal station involves the presence of permanent staff on the site plus occasional visits for maintenance work. The installation of a geothermal station will generate additional jobs during the construction and production phases for the people of Dominica. Maintenance work can be sub-contracted to local companies. Additionally, the presence in Dominica of a geothermal station reflects the commitment of the people of Dominica to ensure the sustainable development of their island. In effect, this project will eventually obviate the need to be externally energy dependent.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 9/50

6.2 Method to be employed A hydraulic rotary drilling technique will be used. A Drillmec G-102 drilling rig supplied by the company Jardboranir HF will be employed to drill into the ground. The principle behind this technique is to bore into the ground by means of a drill bit (in this case, a tri-cone drill bit) lowered on the end of a drill string by fitting additional drill pipes as drilling proceeds. Lubrication and cooling of the drill bit will be effected by using drilling mud injected into the well. This drilling fluid will enable earth to be brought up from the well bottom to the surface. The drilling mud will be recovered and treated for recycling into the well. The energy required to operate the equipment will be provided by diesel engines.

Derrick

Stock of drill rods foragemoteurs Engines Kelly

Mud Rotary Table circulation pump Filter

Valve

Mud pit cement

Drill rod

Drill bit

Figure 2: Typical drill rig The work team will consist of 6/8 persons working 12 hour shifts. Two teams will take turns to provide staffing around the clock for 4 months.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 10/50

During drilling on the 2 sites, the necessary water will be abstracted from the nearest tributaries of the Roseau River. As such, the holding tank installed for the exploratory phase at Laudat will be reused as part of the development drilling. A holding tank will be created on the nearest tributary to the Trafalgar site. Water abstraction from the Roseau River for the drilling project will require an authorisation application to the “Minister for Housing Lands Settlement and Water Resource Management”. 6.3 Sites selected for drilling As part of the project, a production platform and a geothermal fluid reinjection platform are to be installed. Drilling will be carried out on two existing platforms.

6.3.1 Laudat site This platform was constructed as part of the exploratory phase at Laudat (formerly Site 4 mentioned in the exploratory drilling environmental impact study). This site is located near the DOMLEC Balancing Tank. This platform will be used as the production platform. A production capacity of approximately 15 to 20MW is planned for this platform.

Figure 3: View of the Laudat site with the platform (August 2013)

Figure 4: Panoramic view from east of the Laudat platform (August 2013)

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 11/50

6.3.2 Trafalgar site The work to construct this platform was carried out between July and August 2013. Its positioning was specially chosen for the reinjection of geothermal fluid. This platform is actually on the edge of the geothermal reservoir and therefore does not have good production potential. It will enable reinjection of the fluid directly into the reservoir’s recharging flow. In view of the size of the geothermal reservoir, natural recharging should compensate for any abstraction. Therefore, reinjection’s main purpose here is to eliminate any release of geothermal fluid into the natural environment. No drilling has yet been carried out on this site.

Figure 5: View over the Trafalgar site taken from the road leading to Laudat (August 2013)

Figure 6: Panoramic view of the Trafalgar site, taken from the entrance, to the east (August 2013)

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 12/50

7 ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND

7.1 Physical environment

7.1.1 Climatology – Meteorology Dominica enjoys a typical wet tropical climate with high temperatures and heavy rainfall. The heat and high humidity are mitigated by the intermittent North-easterly trade winds that blow during the hurricane season. Ambient temperatures seldom vary, generally between 26°C during the daytime in January and 32°C in June. Most of the rainfall is brought by the trade winds. Whilst the intensity varies according to the location on the island, rainfall occurs throughout the year. The heaviest rains are concentrated during the period from June to October. The period from January to June is considered to be the driest season the year. The heavy rainfall explains the island’s intense humidity and its amazingly abundant vegetation. Hurricanes and storms occur generally during the months with the highest rainfall (June to October) and can sometimes cause serious devastation.

7.1.2 Mountains, geological characteristics and soils in the study area A central mountainous backbone bisecting the country along a North-West/South-East axis forms steep volcanic slopes and deep valleys, with heights varying between 300 and 1,400 metres above sea level. The main mountains:  Morne Diablotins at 1 447 metres  Morne Trois Pitons at 1 423 metres  Morne Macaque at 1 221 metres  Mont Watt at 1 224 metres These last three mountains dominate the Western part of the study area. The rocky formations consist mainly of lava, testifying to the island’s volcanic origins. The soil is generally fertile and porous. There is very little geological activity. Volcanic eruptions ceased thousands of years ago but there are still hot springs and geysers, mostly in the island’s central and Southern regions. There is also Boiling Lake, the second largest of its kind in the world, located in the National Park.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 13/50

7.1.3 Features of the reservoir  Dimensions and depths

Figure 7: Area of interest on the Roseau Valley geothermal field as defined in June 2008 and estimation of the size and depth of the high-temperature reservoir The area highlighted by the red dots covers the deep down high-temperature reservoir (fluids in the form of steam and liquid) and the flow area, a zone covering an estimated maximum 15 km². The upper part of the reservoir is estimated to be at a depth of 300-500 metres in The River Blanc valley. Near to Laudat, the upper part of the reservoir is estimated to be at a depth of approximately 700-800 metres.

 Temperature The area of the reservoir investigated during the previous phase had a temperature of 238 to 241°C.

 Chemical content of liquids The liquids from the geothermal reservoir have the following characteristics:  A high sodium and chlorine content, silica and lithium content.  A relatively high boron content copared with usual contents.  A low magnesium content.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 14/50

In accordance with the chemistry of the water and the fumaroles, CO2 and H2S will predominate in the gaseous phase. A sampling of the geothermal fluid and monitoring of the liquids discharged during the borehole production tests will be carried out in order to evaluate the liquids chemical composition and its potential to cause corrosion and deposits

7.1.4 Hydrographic network In the Roseau Valley, the hydrographic network creates three secondary valleys separated by long plateaus: the River Claire Valley, the River Blanc Valley and the Trois Pitons River Valley. The Roseau River is one of Dominica’s 10 largest rivers with an average annual flow rate of 10 million gallons (45,460m3) (see Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable.), the rivers in Dominica having a torrential regime. The Roseau River flows from the mountains to the Caribbean Sea through the capital, Roseau. This river’s tributaries will be used to supply the sites with cooling water. It is fed upstream by the Trois Pitons River and the River Blanc. The River Claire valley is the valley that joins it before the town of Roseau. A network of ravines runs through the Roseau Valley down from precipitous foothills.

7.1.5 Physico-chemical composition of the water Water samples were taken on 29/08/2013 from the Roseau River, the Ravine of Trafalgar and the Three Pitons River, upstream of the water catchment site indicated by the PMU. These samples were sent for analysis to the Guadeloupe Institut Pasteur’s laboratory. Based on physico-chemical parameters, it appears that the 3 water courses studied can be described as being in a good ecological state. According to European quality standards for drinking water for human consumption, the ravine of Trafalgar and the Roseau River showed natural content incompatible with human consumption.

7.1.6 Natural hazards The risk of hurricanes is present throughout Dominica from June to November (hurricane season). The project site could therefore be affected by violent winds generated by low pressure conditions. More modern construction standards will have to be adhered to. The project structures will be required to withstand winds of more than 249 km/h, a Category 5 hurricane. The site is not close to the coastline and will not suffer the effects of storm surges or cyclonic tides. Earthquakes are a risk throughout Dominica and are unpredictable. Some soils in the Roseau Valley may be potentially susceptible to the effects of earth tremors (liquefaction hazard). According to the Dominica seismic risk map:  the production site is located in a very low seismic risk zone,  the reinjection site 1 is located in a moderate seismic risk zone. The Roseau Valley is classified as lying in a high volcanic risk zone, with a chain of volcanoes overlooking the valley to the West. In addition, in the event of an eruption the volcanic ash released could reach the project area.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 15/50

There is a high risk of hydrothermal eruptions in the areas of Wotten Waven, the River Blanc, Valley of Desolation-Boiling Lake. This type of eruption or explosion is linked to the presence of deep high-temperature aquifers. The project’s sites are a priori not at risk of flooding due to:  the project sites’ natural slope (low risk of water accumulation) and  the absence of any watercourse crossing the sites (no risk of floodwater overflow). The production and reinjection sites are located in zones of low risk of landslides. The project leader intends to carry out a soil study prior to drilling in order to take into account the ground’s technical constraints and ensure the stability of the ground that will support the power stations. No data could be gathered at this stage to assess the risk of mudslides and erosion. Nevertheless, given the extreme physical conditions (seismic activity, friability of the steep slopes and observed rockslides), the risk of erosion and mudslides is potentially high.

7.1.7 Site noise levels An acoustic study of the two project sites was undertaken in October 2013. Its objective was to ascertain ambient noise levels on the project sites during daytime and night-time (within the site boundaries and in noise exclusion zones). These initial ambient noise levels will serve as benchmarks later in the project.* For each site, measurements were taken night and day, on the project boundary and close the nearest house. The noise level obtained is moderate due to the human activities close to the sites. The noise level is higher on night-time due to fauna noise (frogs).

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 16/50

7.2 Natural environment

7.2.1 Environmentally protected areas The potential drilling and geothermal energy production sites are not affected by any of the environmentally protected areas listed below:  Morne Diablotin National Park;  Northern Forest Reserve;  Central Forest Reserve;  Soufrière/Scotts Marine Reserve.

7.2.2 Aquatic environments (study carried out by Asconit Consultants) The aim of this study is to evaluate the state of the environment prior to the work for:  the Trois Pitons River,  the Roseau River. Neither of the two sites has apparent drains or visible pollution (solid waste, oil sheen, scum, odours, etc), However, a slight smell of sulphur was detected during the examination of the Roseau site, characteristic of the volcanic activity present in the study area. The two sites have similar environmental characteristics by being located in a valley dominated by forest. The river banks slope vertically, with rocks and earth being the main constituents. Vegetation is continually growing on the banks, alternating with grasses, bushes and trees. The aquatic species counted are relatively common and present in most Antilles rivers. None of these species are protected or endemic. The monitored stations are dominated in diversity and numbers by the crustaceans. Based on their composition, the inventoried populations are representative of sites that are hardly impacted, or not at all, by human activities. The imbalance of the Trois Pitons River populations in favour of crustaceans should be emphasised. The quasi-dominance of this species points to a certain dysfunction. This could partly be explained by a reduced flow linked to water abstraction for hydroelectricity production and the construction of the basin, together with the presence of the ford. The total densities of individuals measured are less than those of stations monitored in Guadeloupe and Martinique. These values belong to an environment that is not well ‘nourished’ due to the poor supply of nutrients by human activities. The populations appear to be able to carry out their life cycles under good conditions.

7.2.3 Terrestrial flora and fauna

Presentation of the two sites The two project sites include secondary tropical forest and previously cultivated areas. All animal groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, crustaceans, invertebrates) are potentially linked to the two sites.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 17/50

Laudat Balancing tank (WW-P1) A drilling platform was installed on this site in 2009 during the exploratory phase. The WW- P1 production drilling well will be installed on the site of the exploratory drilling well constructed in 2011. This area is characteristic of secondary rain forest with representative samples of forest trees like, Bois Riviere, Bwa Bande, Bwa Sisserou, Bwa Blan, etc. There are also a number of non- forest trees found there - agricultural trees and root crops e.g. Citrus, Coffee, Banana, Dasheen etc The investigation sites are highly degraded and very few tall trees remain in this forest, which is still recovering from past impacts. The average height of the trees is 24 metres. Some thirty species of trees are documented at the site and commonly associated with Dominica’s rainforests. The most common tree observed was the “Bwa Bandé”. However, many trees have been cut down on this site, probably for use as lumber or charcoal. Originally, the forest may well have been completely covered with gum-trees (Dacrydes Excelsa) and “Chatannyé”. No gum-trees were observed at the site. Although mature palm trees were not observed, large seedlings were noted of three species that occur in rainforests: “Yanga”, “Palmis” and “Palmis-wouj”. The two factors linked to man-made activities – the construction of the Aerial Tram and activities related to tree removal – have resulted in the development of a variety of shrubs, vines, herbaceous plants and epiphytes growing on the ground or on the trees. All of Dominica’s major faunal groups including freshwater fish and shrimp – are expected to be associated with the site. A basic overview done in October 2013 consists of invertebrates, insects, birds, snakes, mammals, Crustaceans, etc. Several birds’ species were seen and heard during the field visit (e.g. Yellow-crowned night heron, Green heron, Spotted sandpiper, flycatchers and the endemic Plumbeous warbler).

Reinjection site : Trafalgar (WW-R1) The village of Trafalgar forms part of the Roseau Valley area, approximately 6 miles from the capital city, Roseau. The Trafalgar geothermal site is located in an area locally/commonly known as Lilly valley in close proximity to Hartington Estate. The site is located more than 50 meters west of the playing field/sporting ground for the Trafalgar village and less than 100 meters from residential buildings on the northeastern side. There’s a larger concentration of houses further at northeast on both sides of the road leading to the site. This area has been previously cleared for agricultural and housing. The vegetation can be described as secondary rain forest with representative types of rain forest species present as well as introduced species with agricultural tree crops and root crops. There are also patches of swamp type forests which must be evaluated. The main area used by the project site is a previously cultivated meadow with the project site’s boundary having a mixture of former agricultural species (banana trees, advocado pear, etc) and light-seeking species.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 18/50

Conclusion It is anticipated that the project will pay special attention to the banks of rivers and ravines for the essential ecological role they play (erosion, stability, floods, diversity, fauna, etc.). Particular attention must be paid to the Trafalgar site. The following chart presents the diversity and sensitivity of the study sites. The more preserved and intact the environment, the greater its sensitivity to impacts generated by a potential project. The more degraded the vegetation, the less sensitive is the environment to the impacts generated by a potential project.

Site Flora Fauna Observations

Zone de Trafalgar   This site is open and extremely degraded, covered with

meadows and formerly cultivated species. The site is not very sensitive to the potential impacts of a project.

Zone du Balancing Tank (ex zone   The site was already cleared for 2) use in 2011. The site is surrounded by degraded secondary tropical forest. Local wildlife is abundant. The site is moderately sensitive to the potential impacts of a project (the fauna is the most sensitive).

 Low sensitivity -  Average sensitivity -  High sensitivity Table 1: Characteristics of the main access roads to the Roseau Valley

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 19/50

7.3 Landscape and living environment

7.3.1 The landscape units in the Roseau Valley The five landscape units in the broad context of the Roseau Valley are:  The majestic volcanic cirque of mornes;  The imposing plateaus and foothills;  The urban areas;  The valleys perpendicular to the sea;

Figure 8: Cross section of Roseau Valley

7.3.2 Visibility of drilling sites Production site: Laudat, DOMLEC balancing tank

Remote visibility The most distant viewing points identified on the production site are on the main road more than 500 metres to the north. As the site is visible from the roadsides, it is equally visible from the houses at that level.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 20/50

Figure 9: View of production site from the village of Laudat, viewing point 2 (2013 photo)

The site

Figure 10: Production site from the village of Laudat, viewing point 2 (2013 zoomed photo)

Remote visibility of the site is possible from the houses in the village of Laudat. These houses are actually on a hillside and overlook the valley facing south. The site is therefore visible from the little road that leads to the houses furthest south of Laudat. It stands out today particularly because of the DOMLEC reservoir.

Figure 11: Laudat houses viewed from the production site (2013 zoomed photo)

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 21/50

Intermediate visibility Within an intermediate area around the project site, visibility mainly concerns the surroundings of the DOMLEC reservoir as well as the road alongside the production site that links the village of Laudat with the region’s natural wooded sites (Boiling Lake, Titou Gorge). The site’s position overlooking the road and the preservation of a screen of vegetation help reduce the platform’s visibility. Nevertheless, the open transparent nature of the gated and fenced-off platform access increases the platform’s visibility and will contribute to the production site’s impact on the landscape.

The site

Figure 12: The site from the vicinity of the DOMLEC reservoir, viewing point 3 (2013 photo)

Close visibility

Close visibility of the production site is currently moderate. Although the access road runs along the site’s western and southern boundaries, visibility is nevertheless slightly attenuated by its position below the road in relation to the project’s parcel of land. Only the boundary of this land can thus be seen, as the site is elongated and visible from an approximately 50 metre section of The site prior to the road. works This visibility becomes higher from the vicinity of the DOMLEC reservoir if the observer steps back and focuses on the parcel of land and its depth. Visibility from this main road concerns not only local residents living close to the site but also hikers and tourists who come this way to go into the forest. Figure 13: Production site from the western access road (2011 photo)

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 22/50

Figure 14: Production site from the southern access road (2013 photo) Visibility has been greatly increased in relation to the original state of the site due to the opening up of access to the platform. Indeed, it is from the vicinity of the production site’s entrance gate that the visual impact is strongest. The transparency of the fencing and the gate reveals the site’s extent and contrasts with the surrounding mountains and forest. The following map shows the main identified viewing points over the production site, in both remote and close visibility areas.

Production site : Close visibility area

Intermediate visibility area

Remote visibility area

Figure 15: Location of illustrated viewing points over the production site

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 23/50

Reinjection site: Trafalgar

Remote visibility The reinjection site is not visible from the Wotten-Waven residential plateau at the top of the mountain to the south of the project site. It is, however, visible from the north on the road leading to Laudat. The following map locates the main identified viewing points over the reinjection site within a remote visibility area.

Reinjection site : Close visibility area

Intermediate visibility area

Remote visibility area

Figure 16: Location of reinjection site’s distant viewing points

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 24/50

Figure 17: Reinjection site viewed from north of the Laudat road, viewing point 1 (2013 photo)

Figure 18: Zoom photo of reinjection site, Figure 19: Zoom photo of reinjection site, viewing point 1 viewing point 1

The contrast is quite apparent with the forest bordering the reinjection site.

Intermediate visibility Intermediate visibility of the reinjection site is physically limited to the mountains enclosing the village of Trafalgar. It therefore involves the site access road and also the south of the village of Trafalgar and its houses. From the site access road and also the approach to the football pitch, the site is not visible before reaching the bend on the right. It is masked by the vegetation.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 25/50

The site

Figure 20: View from access road to reinjection site, viewing point 2 The platform is, however, visible from the residential area to the north.

The site

Figure 21: View from residential area north of the reinjection site, viewing point 3 The houses situated on the highest part directly overlook the platform. It will be more difficult to reduce the project’s visual impact on those higher houses.

This intermediate visibility of the platform is high for the outlying houses. From the centre of the village, it is moderate and the platform is not necessarily visible as it is masked by other houses or their The site accompanying vegetation.

Figure 22: View from the houses nearest to the site, viewing point 4

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 26/50

Site behind

Figure 23: View from the houses north of the reinjection site, viewing point 5 From the north-east, the site is currently barely visible as it is blocked by a dense screen of vegetation with a variety of species, shapes and colours. The platform cannot be seen.

Site behind Site behind

Figure 24: View from the houses north-east of Figure 25: View from a garden north-east of the the site, viewing point 6 site, viewing point 7

Site behind

Figure 26: View from north-east of the site, viewing point 8

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 27/50

Close visibility The project site’s primary close visibility is from its access road, as its other boundaries are not really accessible. Without landscaping this eastern boundary of the site, its visibility and landscape impact will be high.

The following map locates the main identified viewing points over the reinjection site, within both intermediate and close visibility areas.

Reinjection site : Close visibility area

Intermediate visibility area

Figure 27: Location of the reinjection site’s intermediate and close-up viewing points

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 28/50

7.4 Human environment

7.4.1 Dominican socio-cultural context

Social context in Dominica Dominica has a population of 72,514 (data from Wikipedia and www.indexmundi.com, July 2008). Between 1991 and 2001, the population of the main townships of Dominica, including Roseau, the capital, declined. The population of Dominica shows little increase, due to the exodus of people to other countries such as the more prosperous West Indies islands, the United States, England and Canada. The great majority of the population is of African descent: 80% of the people are Catholic. English is the official language and is understood by everyone, but due to historical French influence, a French-based Creole language is widely spoken. The island is also the home of the last remaining indigenous population of the West Indies – the Caribs – who number 3,000 individuals. The average unemployment rate is about 23%. About 72% of the population live in urban areas. The rate of access to drinking water is 97% (Sources: The World Factbook (2006), CIA; UN data 2004).  Education In the villages of the Roseau valley, as in the rest of Dominica, parents attach great importance to education and can be led to make great sacrifices to ensure that their children have access to schools. In these villages, children attend school between the ages of 5 and 14, and secondary education has recently become more accessible. Many young people in these areas depend on mainly government assistance in order to have the opportunity to access more advanced education.  Housing Most adults own their own home. In some cases, the owner has emigrated and a family member occupies the residence. The access roads to the villages of Trafalgar and Laudat are not in a very good state. 90% of homes have running water and electricity. All the residents complained about the recent increases in the cost of electricity. The main source of energy for cooking is propane gas (in individual bottles). The great majority of residences comply with hurricane-proof building standards and are built in accordance with the construction codes in force in Dominica.  Employment The income of the residents of Trafalgar and Laudat is derived from tourism and agriculture, which is family-based farming for both local consumption and commercial purposes. Most of the residents have several jobs, including employment in the town of Roseau. The villagers are trying to develop regional tourism involving exploration of the wildlife and geothermal resources. Several guest houses and self-catering holiday homes have opened in recent years. Tourist attractions are small in size and employ only a small number of persons.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 29/50

Urban development from Roseau to the Roseau Valley Urban development is concentrated on the narrow coastal plain extending from Roseau. The capital is situated on the oceanfront around the Roseau River. Its industrial and commercial activity zones are located mainly to the North on the way to Canefield Airport (a private airport). Urban expansion is taking place along the coast and tends to form continuous urban stretches between the steep foothills and the sea. Eight urban communities exist in the Roseau Valley, organised into independent urban areas: Laudat, Morne Prosper (at the Southern boundary of the study area), Wotten Waven, Trafalgar-Shawford, Fond Canie, Copt hall, Louisville and Silver Lake. They have a total population of about 2,000. Each urban area is organised around a main road with houses distributed along the streets directly leading off. Well-kept gardens can be seen. Creole gardens preserve local cultivation. The roads are narrow, cutting through the districts. Tourist accommodation is scattered throughout the valley, notably in Wotten Waven. The urban areas are not organised into a grid with an orthogonal layout and the houses are not aligned but rather distributed between forests, river and roads with varying orientations. There are local shops at crossroads. Some dwellings, probably illegal (sheet metal and wooden cabins), are regularly observed.  Laudat platform The Laudat site is situated in a wooded area away from the valley’s clusters of dwellings. Two houses were observed close to the site, approximately 100 metres to the north. A restaurant is also 100 metres from the site. Apart from these buildings, there is no dwelling less than 200 metres from the site of the Laudat platform.  Trafalgar platform The Trafalgar site is situated close to houses that are a continuation of the village of Trafalgar to the north. The distance between the platform and the houses is estimated to be about 50 metres. In addition, there is no natural obstacle between this site and these inhabited areas. The village contains several dozen houses. A football pitch 50 metres from the site is regularly used by the local residents. This site is therefore an insertion into an urban environment.

Road networks and accessibility of the Roseau Valley The Roseau Valley is accessible from the capital Roseau by following a two-way road that crosses Bathe Estate and then the town of Morne Louis. The road was later built on the very steep hill of Morne Louis. The main road leading to the Roseau Valley then forks into two secondary roads:  The road along the northern mountains overlooking the valley and leading to Fond Cani, Trafalgar and Laudat which in this study will be called the panoramic northern route;  The road along the bottom of the valley and River Blanc leading to Copt Hall Estate, Morne Prosper and Wotten Waven, which will be called the Southern valley route. Within the framework of the project, the scenic north road will be the preferred access route to the two platforms.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 30/50

Accessibility Characteristics

Scenic north road Route:  Departure point: Roseau  Destination points: crosses Fond Cani, Shawford estate, Trafalgar, Laudat Special features  Wide panoramic views over the valley  State of the road: significant gradients and damaged sections (collapses, subsidence, damaged surfaces), narrow hairpin bends in places, access possible for machines, mainly 4x4 vehicles.

Table 2: Characteristics of the main access road to the project sites Much repair and development work was observed on this road between Roseau and the project sites. This work is directly aimed at facilitating access to the project sites. Access to the two project sites will therefore be possible for machines directly along this road network.

Infrastructure networks All the project sites are close to electricity connections. At this stage, no utility network easement has been requested. The works will, however, be carried out in consultation with DOMLEC.

Land use The major part of the Roseau Valley is covered by forests. There are three types of forest and the dense tropical forest is the most widely represented in the valley. Large areas of degraded forest are represented in the centre of the valley. The Laudat production site is in areas of dense tropical forest whilst the Trafalgar reinjection site is in an area of degraded forest. The reinjection site is also close to urban areas.

Customs and practices Roseau Valley is much sought-after by the local population for its privileged living environment away from the centre of Roseau. It offers “natural” areas and provides residents with open spaces for local cultivation. Outdoors there are leisure activities, flower and fruit gathering, rambling, fishing and hunting. Many recent buildings were observed, testifying to current dynamism.

7.4.2 Tourism issues

Tourist context Eco-tourism is the key to business in Dominica and a major effort has been made to support environmentally-friendly tourism. The roads and panoramic routes are treated as gateways to the territory with associated facilities and services for visitors. The enhancement of the infrastructure network that must be carried out for implementing the project will have to take into account the associated tourist programmes.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 31/50

Tourist sites and facilities in the Roseau Valley Most of the tourist sites and facilities are located in the Eastern part of the Roseau Valley. Laudat and Wotten Waven are crowded with people taking the Aerial Tram (a popular attraction) and enjoying the natural hot springs. The project sites are somewhat distant from the main tourist areas in the Roseau Valley. The nearest platform to the tourist areas is the Trafalgar platform located 500 metres from hotels as the crow flies.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 32/50

8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 Description of the phases The installation of the equipment required for the project, the drilling phase and then the dismantling process will take approximately 2 months per site (2 sites are planned).

8.1.1 Drilling testing phase The geothermal development drilling phase will require:  Drilling down to reach the geothermal fluid reservoir at a depth of between 1,000 and 1,500 metres, depending on the site;  Carrying out well tests.  Determining the feasibility of future operations on the site for production or reinjection. A sample of geothermal fluid is taken from the reservoir by the drill located on the well platform. This is a diphasic mixture of liquid and steam.

8.1.2 Construction and dismantling phases, and site reinstatement The installation and dismantling phases will have similar impacts on the various environments considered. Transport lorries (57 trips) will carry the drilling equipment and the items required for the construction of the platforms from the port of Roseau to the sites. Some roads may be reconfigured so as to facilitate equipment transportation. Platforms will be constructed according to the drawings laid out in Appendix 4. If the results are conclusive, the sites can be modified to support the installation of operational drill rigs linked to a geothermal power station. If so, the site reinstatement planned for that stage of the project will not take place. Nevertheless, arrangements can be made in the vicinity to avoid, reduce and/or compensate for the project’s current and future impacts. In the event of failure, once the platforms are dismantled, the well-heads will remain at each drilling location. The wells will be shut but the well structures will be kept in place. At the end of the drilling phase and while awaiting the decision to install a geothermal power station, the platform sites will be maintained, with the access roads and well surroundings being regularly cleared of undergrowth. The equipment and installations involved in the development drilling stage will be systematically dismantled at the end of the development phase (approximately 8 weeks). The site’s reinstatement phase would consist of replanting so that the site is returned to its original physical state and level of functionality. This reinstatement would take place at the end of the platform’s operation.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 33/50

8.2 Impacts and measures on the physical environment

8.2.1 Impacts and measures during the drilling phase on the physical environment

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT DRILLING PHASE

ENVIRONMENTAL NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONMENTAL RESIDUAL ASSOCIATED MEASURES COMPONENT POSITIVE/ DIRECT / INTENSITY DESCRIPTION EVOLUTION SENSITIVITY* INDIRECT ** IMPACT INVOLVED NEGATIVE

Temporary impact linked to Geothermal Pressure + Direct extraction of geothermal 1. Re-injection of liquid into the reservoir Nil reservoir reduction + fluid

Permanent impact limited to Ground 1. Rainwater management Direct surfaces intended for The Low impermeability + installations

Potential impact of 1. Impermeable storage provided Low geothermal fluid 1. Storage of waste products in watertight tanks Potential impacts of Low hydrocarbons, oils and 2. Careful use of oils and lubricants Soil and subsoil + lubricants ++ 1. Continuous recycling of mud by processing units Soil pollution Direct Temporary impact of drilling 2. Modification of viscosity and density to avoid leakage mud 3. Storage in the tanks provided + Moderate 4. Use limited to a depth of 600m max. 5. Scouring of rock formations in contact with the drilling mud 1. Collection in treatment units Impact of cuttings Nil 2. Impermeable storage

* + = Low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = medium sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = moderate impact; +++ = high impact

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 34/50

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT DRILLING PHASE

ENVIRONMENTAL NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONMENTAL RESIDUAL ASSOCIATED MEASURES COMPONENT POSITIVE/ DIRECT / INTENSITY DESCRIPTION EVOLUTION SENSITIVITY* INDIRECT ** IMPACT INVOLVED NEGATIVE

Temporary impact linked to Increase in ++ +++ Direct drilling equipment 1. Drilling equipment mostly fitted with noise suppressors High Noise level ambient noise level + ++ Water Direct Temporary impacts on the Moderate abstraction Ravine + 1. Ensure total flow not abstracted 2. Determine residual flow of abstracted streams Water Direct Temporary impacts on the 3 Low abstraction ++ Bitons

1. Installation of mobile self-contained sanitation system Temporary impact of 2. Disposal of wastewater in wastewater treatment plants Nil +++ wastewater Water 1. Installation of pollutant retention system Temporary impact of Low rainwater 1. Continuous recycling of mud by treatment units ++ Temporary impact of liquid Moderate Waste Fluids Direct 2. Storage in the tanks provided mud effluents + 1. Installation of pollutant retention system 2. Storage in the tanks provided Temporary impact of oils, 3. Careful use of oils and lubricants Moderate hydrocarbons and lubricants 4. Continuous monitoring of surface waters around the sites will take place

* + = Low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = medium sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = moderate impact; +++ = high impact

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 35/50

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT DRILLING PHASE

ENVIRONMENTAL NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONMENTAL RESIDUAL ASSOCIATED MEASURES COMPONENT POSITIVE/ DIRECT / INTENSITY DESCRIPTION EVOLUTION SENSITIVITY* INDIRECT ** IMPACT INVOLVED NEGATIVE

Increased risk of Direct - - Nil flooding - 1. Site rainwater management Moderate to Increased risk of Direct Potential impact linked to landslides ++ drilling activities 2. Ceasing activities in case of confirmed risk Low

1. Compliance with construction regulations concerning Increased risk of Direct & Potential impact linked to earthquakes Low Natural + earthquakes indirect + installations Hazards 1. Compliance with construction regulations concerning Direct & hurricanes Increased risk of Potential impact linked to Low indirect ++ hurricanes installations 2. Compliance with safety regulations in the event of a hurricane Direct & Increased risk of Potential impact linked to 1. Following instructions and norms regarding the identified Low volcanic eruption indirect + installations risks

* + = Low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = medium sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = moderate impact; +++ = high impact

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 36/50

8.2.2 Impacts and measures during the construction and dismantling phases

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION AND DISMANTLING PHASES

ENVIRONMENT NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONMENTAL RESIDUAL AL ASSOCIATED MEASURES COMPONENT POSITIVE DIRECT / INTENSIT IMPACT SENSITIVITY* DESCRIPTION EVOLUTION INVOLVED /NEGATIVE INDIRECT Y** Reservoir N/A ------

Soil destructuring, Permanent impact but 1. Rainwater management and erosion limitation settlement and Direct localised to areas intended Low erosion ++ for construction Soil and + subsoil 1. Monitoring of machines and safety measures Temporary and potential Direct & Soil pollution Impacts linked to machines Low indirect ++ and installation dismantling 2. Effective waste management (in the contract documents)

Temporary impact associated with accidents (e.g. Direct & 1. Organising waste management (terms of reference) Pollution hydrocarbons). Medium indirect ++ Water ++ Occurrence probability is low.

Permanent impact limited to Increased erosion Direct Limiting length of time that soil is bare Medium ++ areas of subsidence 1. Compliance with construction norms for earthquakes and Natural Increased Direct & Temporary impact limited to ++ Low hazards vulnerability indirect ++ duration of site hurricanes

* + = low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = medium sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = medium impact; +++ = high impact

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 37/50

8.3 Impacts and measures on the natural environment

8.3.1 Impacts and measures during the drilling phase

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT DRILLING PHASE

ENVIRONMENTAL NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONMENTAL RESIDUAL ASSOCIATED MEASURES COMPONENT SENSITIVITY* POSITIVE/ DIRECT / INTENSITY IMPACT NEGATIVE DESCRIPTION EVOLUTION INVOLVED INDIRECT ** Loss of part of 3 Bitons 1. Protective grille on water intake available flow Impact linked to duration Moderate ++ +++ 2. Maximum flow to be maintained Possible problems with of existence of retention Aquatic fauna Direct & free movement of basin indirect Ravine species And temporary impact linked to direct abstraction Moderate + Stress linked to water ++ abstraction

WW-P1 Disturbances linked to 1. Permanent monitoring of gas contents 2. Safety protocol in case of accident (until + toxic gas emissions: + necrosis, mortality, operations terminated) Moderate to Fauna and flora Direct Potential impact WW-R1 etc. 3. Remove rubbish accumulated around the stumps low ++ ++

Disturbance linked to WW-P1 vibrations and noise: Temporary impact linked Direct & + disappearance, stress, to duration of project (4 Moderate Fauna indirect 1. Equipment fitted with noise suppressors loss of habitat month) WW-R1 ++

Disturbance linked to WW-P1 night-time illumination Temporary impact linked Low and suitable lighting: Direct & ++ Moderate to of platforms: to duration of project (4 1. oriented towards the drilling platform indirect Low Fauna mortality, stress, month) 2. low pressure sodium lamps WW-R1 behavioural changes. ++ * + = Low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = moderate sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = moderate impact; +++ = high impact Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 38/50

8.3.2 Impacts and measures during the construction and dismantling phases

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION AND DISMANTLING PHASES

NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMEN RESIDUAL COMPONENT TAL POSITIVE ASSOCIATED MEASURES DIRECT / INTENSITY IMPACT INVOLVED SENSITIVITY* / DESCRIPTION EVOLUTION INDIRECT ** NEGATIVE

Disturbances linked to Temporary impact of Ravine pipeline installation very Moderate + +++ (terrigenous short duration 1. Only the area used for the pipeline installation will sediments, water be involved abstraction, stress and Direct & 2. The work must primarily be carried out from the river Aquatic fauna disturbance linked to indirect bank 3 Bitons activities in the stream Work already carried 3. Flow in the stream will be maintained during the works Moderate ++ and on the river + out at Trois Bitons to Low banks) - Habitat destruction

Ravine & 3 Disturbances linked to Direct & Flora Bitons the pipeline Temporary impact 1. The pipeline will be laid mainly along the roads Low indirect + + installation

WW-P1 1. Electric and hydraulic equipment will be preferred to Disturbances linked to Temporary impact Low noisy pneumatic machines. + noise and vibrations: Direct & + linked Fauna 2. Restoration/protection of sensitive areas under the disappearance, stress, indirect WW-R1 to duration of project supervision of the PMU (subject to agreement between reduced habitat. (4 month) Moderate ++ ++ PMU and the Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment)

WW-P1 Land clearance and 1.Land clearance/deforestation reduced to meet minimum Low to Nil + deforestation: loss of + needs of project biodiversity and 2. Selected sites are closest to already existing roads so as Direct & reduction of habitat Permanent impact to limit habitat fragmentation indirect Fauna and WW-R1 areas and the 3. The choice of the already constructed WW-P 1 and Moderate ++ environment’s ++ anthropised WW-R1 sites does not involve areas with ecological continuity serious natural issues flora

* + = low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = moderate sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = moderate impact; +++ = high impact Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 39/50

8.4 Impacts and measures on landscape and heritage

8.4.1 Impacts and measures during drilling phase

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE LANDSCAPE AND HERITAGE DRILLING PHASE

ENVIRONME NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONMENTAL NTAL RESIDUAL COMPONENT ASSOCIATED MEASURES SENSITIVITY POSITIVE DIRECT / IMPACT INVOLVED DESCRIPTION INTENSITY** EVOLUTION * /NEGATIVE INDIRECT

Production Permanent impact, site: ++ Insertion of human integration of a new Landscape: Rural component into rural and Direct industrial-type ambiance +++ Reinjection natural landscapes component into the site: +++ landscape Production site: Moderate Production site: Close to intermediate visibility ++ 1. Signage and information close to sites Reinjection Production site: Production Remote visibility: + site: ++ Moderate site: ++ Permanent impact, Landscape: Reinjection site: Direct Reinjection drilling structures and Visibility Reinjection site: equipment site: Close visibility: ++ Intermediate visibility ++ +++ +++ Remote visibility: ++

Temporary impact Inform personnel and raise their awareness Potential presence of limited spatially to the Organise management of potentially discovered Heritage + Direct Low archaeological remains + well for the first few remains metres

* + = low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = moderate sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = moderate impact; +++ = high impact Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 40/50

8.4.2 Impacts and measures during the construction and dismantling phases

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE LANDSCAPE AND HERITAGE CONSTRUCTION AND DISMANTLING PHASES

NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMEN RESIDUAL COMPONENT TAL POSITIVE ASSOCIATED MEASURES DIRECT / INTENSITY IMPACT INVOLVED SENSITIVITY* /NEGATIV DESCRIPTION EVOLUTION INDIRECT ** E

Works requiring the movement of construction Production equipment, generating Direct 1. Specification of parking area for worksite machines site: ++ noise, dust and potential Temporary impact Landscape: Rural ++ damage to roads limited to construction Moderate ambiance Reinjection + and dismantling site: +++ Visual nuisance caused by 2. Personnel awareness of need for worksite cleanliness. Direct equipment on site Worksite Charter

Production site: ++ Dismantling and removal of 1. Maximum preservation of existing masking screen Landscape: ++ equipment and structures Direct Permanent impact created during the operational phase (vegetation Moderate Visibility Reinjection from the platforms screen, etc.) site: + ++

1. Inform personnel and raise their awareness Possible discovery of Temporary impact archaeological remains and ++ Heritage ++ Direct limited to construction 2. Transfer remains to appropriate departments or Low possible destruction if not phase organisations careful + 3. Possible digging on site to extract any other remains

* + = low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = moderate sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = moderate impact; +++ = high impact

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 41/50

8.5 Impacts and measures on the human environment

8.5.1 Impacts and measures during the drilling phase

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT DRLLING PHASE

NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONME ENVIRONMENTAL NTAL POSIT RESIDUAL COMPONENT ASSOCIATED MEASURES SENSITIVIT IVE / DIRECT / INTENSI IMPACT INVOLVED DESCRIPTION EVOLUTION Y* NEGA INDIRECT TY** TIVE

1. Treatment of mud (shaker table, desander, desilter) prior to recycling. 2. Drilling waste (cuttings) will be isolated, in impermeable storage while awaiting disposal. 3. Spreading, open-air incineration and burying are prohibited. 4. Any drilling mud additive must be declared to the National Environment Permanent Agency and specific measures can then be taken. Waste ++ Waste production Direct Low ++ impact 5. Residual oils will be isolated and stored (sites approved by the PMU) in watertight tanks and sent to authorised facilities. 6. If special facilities for disposing of waste such as hydrocarbons and oils do not exist, it may be necessary to create them. Otherwise external solutions will have to be considered. 7. Domestic waste will be taken to the tip by the refuse collection department.

* + = low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = moderate sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = moderate impact; +++ = high impact

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 42/50

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT DRLLING PHASE

NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONME ENVIRONMENTAL NTAL POSIT RESIDUAL COMPONENT ASSOCIATED MEASURES SENSITIVIT IVE / DIRECT / INTENSI IMPACT INVOLVED DESCRIPTION EVOLUTION Y* NEGA INDIRECT TY** TIVE 1. Limiting exposure of inhabitants and residents (soundproof insulation of sites, Trafalgar reduction of equipment noise, etc.). ++ Hight to WW-R1 2. Personal ear protectors Moderate Nuisance linked to 3. Temporary rehousing of most exposed residents +++ Temporary vibrations and noise: Direct + 4. Site layout (quieter huts near houses) impact disturbance, stress Laudat 1. Limiting exposure of inhabitants and residents (soundproof insulation of sites, WW-P1 ++ reduction of equipment noise, etc.). Moderate Social ++ 2. Personal ear protectors environment Trafalgar WW-R1 Olfactory nuisance Moderate (sites with +++ geothermal surface Temporary 1. Measures linked to monitoring air quality Direct Laudat activity causing bad + impact 2. Sites will be kept clean and tidy, with well-considered waste management. odours, particularly WW-P1 on Site 1) Low ++

* + = low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = moderate sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = moderate impact; +++ = high impact

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 43/50

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT DRILLING PHASE

ENVIRO NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONMENT NMENTA AL RESIDUAL L POSITIVE / ASSOCIATED MEASURES COMPONENT DIRECT / INTENSI IMPACT SENSITI NEGATIVE DESCRIPTION EVOLUTION INVOLVED INDIRECT TY** VITY* 1. Watering, if necessary, of dry and exposed surfaces to avoid dust emissions. 2. Continuous monitoring of CO2 and H2S emissions (3 fixed sensors + 1 portable sensor per employee) together with an audible and visual alarm system if the H2S 20 ppm threshold is exceeded. 2. If the threshold is exceeded, immediate implementation of corrective measures: Nuisance linked to Direct monitoring of borehole extraction, temporary stoppage of drilling activities in the Air quality ++ air quality: odours, and ++ Temporary impact Moderate last resort. toxic gases indirect 3. Installing a windsock to signal possible gas emissions. 4. At the start of operations a public meeting will be organised to explain the hazards and alarm devices in place (an alarm drill may be carried out at this time). 5. An educational pamphlet could be distributed particularly on the topic of exposure to H2S

Disturbance to Direct farming of N/A and + Temporary impact 1. An agreement must be reached with the farmer regarding any compensation low agricultural land indirect Economic near the Ravine activities Increase in volume Direct 1. The drilling contractor will adopt a policy of employing as many local workers as N/A of economic activity and ++ Temporary impact Moderate possible and job creation indirect

Increase in traffic: 1. Residents will be regularly informed about traffic constraints Transport and N/A tailbacks, traffic Direct + Temporary impact 2. Pedestrian and vehicular access will be continuously cleared in the vicinity of the Low traffic jams sites so as not to block residents

* + = low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = moderate sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = moderate impact; +++ = high impact

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 44/50

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT DRILLING PHASE

ENVIRO NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONMENT NMENTA POSITI RESIDUAL AL PHASE L ASSOCIATED MEASURES VE / DIRECT / INTENSI IMPACT INVOLVED SENSITI DESCRIPTION EVOLUTION NEGATI INDIRECT TY** VITY* VE

Risk of environmental Direct & Wastewater management (see Physical Environmental Measures) and Potential impact Low pollution (soil, water) Indirect + waste management (see above)

Potential impact linked to Risk of gas emission Direct See measures implemented to limit impacts on air quality Moderate ++ air quality 1. Maintenance of installations and accommodation 2. Wearing of personal protection equipment 3. Compliance with the 26 conventions of the International Labour Health and Organisation N/A safety 4. An emergency telephone (mobile) will have to be installed Permanent impact linked 5. Safety measures (extinguishers, fire hydrants, evacuation plan, water Risk of accident Direct to road and domestic points for rinsing in case of contact with hazardous products, Low + accidents emergency pharmacy, etc.) 6. Personal H2S detectors 7. Employees to be qualified for their particular trades 8. Sites will be fenced and signboards posted to avoid intrusions 9. Visitor access to sites will be regulated and safety equipment provided * + = Low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = medium sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = medium impact; +++ = high impact

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 45/50

8.5.2 Impacts and measures during construction and dismantling phases

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION AND DISMANTLING PHASES

NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT POSITIVE RESIDUAL AL COMPONENT AL ASSOCIATED MEASURES / DIRECT / INTENSI IMPACT INVOLVED SENSITIVITY* DESCRIPTION EVOLUTION NEGATIV INDIRECT TY** E 1. Reduction of waste at source 2. Sorting, storing and disposing of or recycling waste in authorised facilities (see Waste during operational phase) Waste production: Direct & 3. Waste will be recycled as much as possible (compostable waste, Moderate Waste ++ normal and special Permanent impact indirect excavated earth, etc.) to Low industrial waste ++ 4. Consideration may be given to a facility for solidifying/stabilising mud with high toxicity or to the possibility of biological treatment of the mud. Temporary impact 1. Reduction of vehicle noise (type of plant, compliance, usage, limited to the phases’ timetable, etc.) Noise nuisance Direct Moderate ++ duration and site 2. Turning-off engines of vehicles delivering equipment or working timetable Loading materials

Road traffic See Transport and traffic Temporary impact problems near the Direct limited to project Low site (traffic, Social + duration +++ cleanliness) environment Temporary impact 1. Limiting the extent of the project to only the areas linked to operational necessary duration (for areas used 2. Choosing methods that limit the surface area required (width of Change in land Direct & for roads, the impact boreholes, size of accommodation huts, etc.) Low use indirect + will be longer and 3. If the inhabitants were directly affected by land purchase (road independent of project widening, etc.), an agreement would have to be reached with them, operations) including the price of the land.

* + = low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = moderate sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = moderate impact; +++ = high impact

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 46/50

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ASSSOCIATED MEASURES CONCERNING THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION AND DISMANTLING PHASES

ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT RESIDUAL AL COMPONENT AL NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED MEASURES IMPACT INVOLVED SENSITIVITY*

Destruction/Distur bance to farming of agricultural land 1. An agreement must be reached with the farmer regarding Direct & Temporary Moderate to N/A near the Ravine ++ compensation, date (eg. after the harvest), exact location where indirect impact Low Destruction during machines passed through. works linked to Economic abstraction activities Temporary Increase in impact Direct & Organising economic activities linked to the site (recruitment, N/A volume of ++ limited to Moderate indirect catering, transportation, etc.) economic activity project duration

1. Residents will be regularly informed about the progress of the Laudat work and any traffic constraints Increase in traffic: Temporary 2.Vehicle movement timetables will be designed to coincide with Transport and + impact limited tailbacks, Direct ++ off-peak periods (particularly Sites 2 and 4 so as not to interfere Low traffic Trafalgar to phases’ with tourist shuttle transport) congestion duration 3. Safety signposting will be placed around the site together with ++ signals or even a contraflow system

1. Fencing site and monitoring access 2. Protecting and raising awareness of site personnel and Temporary residents Health and Direct & impact limited 3. Communications and sign boarding around the sites N/A Risk of accidents + 4. Limiting dust emissions by possible watering of surfaces Low safety indirect to phases’ duration exposed during the construction phase 5. Supplying materials preferably during the day, accompanied by safety measures on the roads (special convoys, etc.).

* + = low or even zero sensitivity; ++ = moderate sensitivity; +++ = high sensitivity ** + = low impact; ++ = moderate impact; +++ = high impact

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 47/50

8.6 Oversight of measures (environmental monitoring programme) Following environmental monitoring during the project, implementation of the project will provide information about the project’s main environmental impacts and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures, and will assist the taking of corrective measures where necessary. Implementing the environmental monitoring programme throughout the project will provide useful information regarding the project’s key environmental indicators:  The impacts of the project;  The effectiveness of the reducing and mitigation measures implemented. Continuous monitoring will help to reduce the impacts by a much greater reactivity and to modify the measures appropriately. The monitoring programme will cover the following topics:  Waste management;  Water quality;  Air quality;  Noise;  Fauna and flora;  Geology and topography;  Geothermal activity.

Parameters Impacts Methods Responsible

Waste Source of pollution of Regular inspections of storage systems PMU, GOCD, Management soil, subsoil and water and planning waste elimination during drilling contractor active phase of the project (construction, drilling)

Water quality Direct impacts on - Spilling of drilling mud and geothermal -PMU, drilling water quality of fluid will be carefully monitored. contractors Roseau River during - A Trois Pitons River and unlisted Independent sampling (unlikely) ravine water quality monitoring companies under Indirect impacts on programme will be implemented before, GOCD quality of groundwater during and after the drilling phase. supervision. and surface water Other abstraction sites may be selected

according to the presence of domestic

wells and drinking water springs around the sites. Independent The data collected will be held on Companies under technical monitoring sheets. GOCD supervision

Parameters Impacts Methods Responsible

Air quality Direct impact on -Constant monitoring of H2S content -Drilling content of gaseous will be carried out during the drilling contractors, the elements in the air phase at 3 check points in the area of PMU. around the sites. potential emission (alarm set off when 20ppm threshold reached) and constant Possible release of measurements taken by personal H2S and CO2 in equipment supplied to each employee. particular. -Daily monitoring of alarm equipment Indirect impact of and contents of various gases in the air potential release of must be carried out. Contents observed H2S on human health during this monitoring will be noted on and on the monitoring sheets. neighbouring fauna and flora.

Noise Direct impact on the -During the construction and - Independent quality of life in the operational phases, noise measurement companies under vicinity and on the will be taken with a measuring device GOCD wildlife complying with the standards of ICE supervision Publication 651/1979.

Heat and Indirect impact on - During drilling and testing phases, -PMU, drilling water active surface interference between boreholes will be contractors reservoirs geothermal activity monitored. -Existing geothermal activity will be monitored

Geology and Direct impact on the Monitoring work of contractors during -PMU topography geology and construction and drilling stages -Contractors topography. (platform installations, the drilling contractors)

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 49/50

Parameters Impacts Methods Responsible

Flora and flora Direct and indirect Monitoring of wildlife and vegetation - Fauna and flora impact on the health around the sites during the project’s expert under and mortality of local active phases (every 15 days) PMU / GOCD fauna and flora supervision. -Monitoring site non-contamination by local fauna and flora -Monitoring the health of local flora (necrosis, yellowing of leaves) -Monitoring the health of local terrestrial and aquatic wildlife (Trois Pitons River and the ravine) – mortality rate attributable to the project, state of health, how far moved away from the site. Once the drilling phase is finished, monitoring of the fauna and flora will have to take place; - Monitoring of the recolonisation of local habitats once per month for 6 months (then at the end of one year, if the site is abandoned, a check on the recolonisation of the site and the effectiveness of the measures for its reinstatement). The data will be complied on monitoring sheets.

Sociology Impact of the project -Information meetings at the start of -PMU, drilling on the social the project (1 meeting per village, contractors, environment of the covering the project, the impacts, the Caraïbes local inhabitants safety measures, etc.) Environnement. -Installation of emergency telephone -PMU. line to reassure the population and handle their requests

Table 3: Environmental monitoring programme.

Preliminary environmental survey and assessment of the impacts of geothermal development drilling in Dominica – Executive summary - E3C0-R0509/13/OF/HG/MI/PDC - 29/10/2013 50/50