Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments
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Final Report ADVISORYCOMMITTEE ON HUMANRADIATION EXPERIMENTS Supplemental Volume 2 Sources and Documentation Additional copies of the Final Report of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Supplemental Volume 2: Sources and Documentation (stock number 06 1-000-00851-9) as well as copies of the Final Report of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (stock number 06 1-000- 00848-9), the Executive Summary and Guide to Final Report (stock number 06 1- 000-00849-7), and the other two supplemental volumes (061-000-00-850-1, Supplemental Volume 1 : Ancillary Materials; and 06 1-000-00852-7, Supplemental Volume 2a: Sources and Documentation: Appendices) may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. All telephone orders should be directed to: Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 (202) 5 12- 1800 FAX (202) 5 12-2250 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time, M-F All mail orders should be directed to: U.S. Government Printing Office P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954 An Internet site containing ACHRE information (replicating the Advisory Committee's original gopher) will be available at George Washington University. The site contains complete records of Advisory Committee actions as approved; complete descriptions of the primary research materials discovered and analyzed; complete descriptions of the print and non-print secondary resources used by the Advisory Committee; a copy of the Interim Report of October 2 1, 1994; a copy of the Executive Summary and Guide to Final Report; and other information. The address is http://www.seas.gwu.edu/nsarchive/radiation.The site will be maintained by the National Security Archive at GWU. Printed in the United States of America Contents 1 . Introduction .............................................. 1 2 . Federal Records of Human Radiation Experiments ................ 3 Overview .......................................... 3 Agency Records ..................................... 7 Legislative Branch Records ............................ 58 Other Federal Sources ................................ 59 3 . Nonfederal Sources ........................................ 75 Institutional Sources ................................. 75 Organizations and Individuals .......................... 78 State Governments ................................... 80 Additional Sources ................................... 80 4 . ACHRE Research Projects .................................. 83 Interviews. ......................................... 83 Surveys ............................................ 87 5 . ACHRE Information Collections .............................. 91 Overview of Resource Selection. Review andManagement ................................... 91 Research Document Collection ......................... 95 Advisory Committee Records .......................... 97 Experiments File .................................... 109 ACHE Bibliography ................................ 112 Other Information Collections .......................... 113 ACHRE Gopher and World Wide Web Home Page ......... 113 National Archives Deposit ............................. 113 Attachments ... 111 ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON HUMANRADIATION EXPERIMENTS 1726 M STREET,N.W., SUITE 600 WASHINGTON,D.C. 20036 October 1995 To the Members of the Human Radiation Interagency Working Group: Secretary Hazel O'Leary, Department of Energy Secretary William Perry, Department of Defense Attorney General Janet Reno, Department of Justice Secretary Donna Shalala, Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Jesse Brown, Department of Veterans Affairs Director Alice Rivlin, Offlee of Management and Budget Director John Deutch, Central Intelligence Agency Administrator Daniel Goldin, National Aeronautics and Space Administration On behalf of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, it is my privilege to transmit to you our Final Report. Since the Committee's first meeting in April 1994 we have been able to conduct an intensive inquiry into the history of government-sponsored human radiation experiments and intentional environmental releases of radiation that occurred between 1944 and 1974. We have studied the ethical standards of that time and of today and have developed a moral framework for evaluating these experiments. Finally, we have examined the extent to which current policies and practices appear to protect the rights and interests of today's human subjects. This report documents our findings and makes recommendations for your consideration. The committee listened to the testimony of more than 200 public witnesses who appeared before us. We are deeply grateful to all these witnesses, who overcame the obstacles of geography and emotions to assist us. Our work and this report would not have been possible without the extraordinary effort the President and you put forward to open the government's records to our inquiry and thus to the nation. We are especially pleased that, through our joint efforts, the American people now have access to the tens of thousands of documents that bear on this important history. None of our conclusions came easily. We endeavored, both as individuals and as a committee, to live up to the responsibility with which we were entrusted. This report represents the consensus of fair-minded people who gave the best they had to offer to their fellow citizens. We thank President Clinton for this opportunity and for his courage and leadership in appointing the Advisory Committee. Ruth R. Faden Chair, Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments @ Printed with soy ink on recycled paper Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Ruth R. Faden, Ph.D., M.P.H.-Chair PhiliD Franklin Waglev-< Professor of Biomedical Ethics and Director The Bioethics Institute Johns Hopkins Llniversity Baltimore, Maryland Senior Research Scholar Kennedy Institute of Ethics Georgetown University Washington. D.C Kenneth R. Feinberg, J.D. Nancy L. Oleinick, Ph. D. Kenneth R. Feinberg & Associates Professor of Radiation Biochemistry Washington, D.C. Division of Radiation Biology Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Eli Glatstein, M.D. Cleveland, Ohio Professor and Chair Department of Radiation Oncology Henry D. Royal, M.D. The University ofTexas Professor of Radiology Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Associate Director; Division of Nuclear Medicine Dallas, Texas Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University Medical Center Jay Katz, M.D. St. Louis, Missouri Elizabeth K. Dollard Professor Emeritus of Law, Medicine and Psychiatry Pliilip K. Russell, M.D. Harvey L. Karp Professorial Lecturer in Law Professor, Department of International Health and Psychoanalysis Johns Hopkins University Yale Law School School of Hygiene and Public Health New Haven. Connecticut Baltimore, Maryland Patricia A. King, J. D. Mary Ann Stevenson, M.D., Ph.D. Professor of Law Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology Georgetown University Law Center Joint Center for Radiation Therapy Washington, D.C. Harvard Medical School Boston. Massachusetts Susan E. Lederer, Ph.D. Associate Professor Deputy Chief Department of Humanities New England Deaconess Hospital The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology Hershey. Pennsylvania Boston. Massachusetts Ruth Macklin, Ph.D. Duncan C. Thomas, Ph.D. Professor of Bioethics Director, Biostatistics Division Department of Epidemiology & Social Medicine Department of Preventive Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine University of Southern California School of Medicine Bronx, New York Los Angeles, California Lois L. Norris Reed V. Tuckson, M.D. Second Vice President of Omaha National Bank President and Omaha National Corporation (Retired) Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science Omaha. Nebraska Los Angeles, California Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Dan Guttman Executive Director Jeffrey Kahn Anna Mastroianni Associate Director Associate Director Stephen Klaidman Sarah Flynn Director of Comtnunications Editor Counselor to the Committee Senior Policv and Research A nalvsts Research Associates Barbara Bemey Miriam Bowling James David Praveen Fernandes John Harbert Sara Chandros Hull Gregg Herken Valerie Hurt Jonathan Moreno John Kruger Ronald Neumann Ellen Lee Gary Stem Shobita Parthasarathy Jeremy Sugannan Noel Theodosiou Donald Weightman Gilbert Whittemore Information Services David Saumweber, Director Research Analvsts Robin Cochran, Librarian Jonathan Engel Tom Wisner, Senior Technology Patrick Fitzgerald Consultant Mark Goodman Deborah Holland Communications and Outreach Denise Holmes Lanny Keller Michael Jasny Kristin Crotty Gail Javitt Wilhelmine Miller Committee and StaffAffairs Patricia Perentesis Jerry Garcia Kathy Taylor Jeanne Kepper Sandra Thomas Faith Weiss Consultants Jeffrey Botkin Suzanne White Junod Allen Buchanan Nancy Kass Gwen Davis Charles McCarthy Gail Geller Monica Schoch-Spana Steve Goodman Patricia Stewart-Henney Jon Harkness John Till Rebecca Lowen E.W. Webster "includes both full-time and part-time staff SUPPLEMENTALVOLUME 2 SOURCES AND DOCUMENTATION INTRODUCTION TheAdvisory Committee on Hlman Radiation Experiments (ACHRE) was asked to evaluate information concerning (1) the federal government's role in sponsoring or conducting scientific and medical experiments using ionizing radiation involving human subjects, and (2) its role in sponsoring or conducting intentional releases of radioactive materials into the environment.