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Internet Presentation.Pdf BUREAUTIQUE Module 2: Initiation à Internet Babacar MBAYE DEFINITION PRINCIPE DE RECHERCHE LISTE DES MOTEURS PAR CATEGORIE LES OPERATEURS DE RECHERCHE EXEMPLES DE RECHERCHE COMMENT LIRE UNE ADRESSE WEB MOOC overview | September 2014 2 Définition Un moteur de recherche (Search engine en anglais) est un service en ligne permettant de trouver facilement une page grâce à un ou plusieurs mots- clés dans un formulaire de recherche ! Les ressources peuvent être des pages web, des articles de forums ,des images, des vidéo, des fichiers, etc.. Ce sont des instruments de recherche sur le web sans intervention humaine, ce qui les distingue des annuaires. MOOC overview | September 2014 3 PRINCIPES DE RECHERCHE Ils sont basés sur des « robots », encore appelés bots, spiders, crawlers ou agents qui parcourent les sites à intervalles réguliers et de façon automatique pour découvrir de nouvelles adresses (URL). Ils suivent les liens hypertextes qui relient les pages les unes aux autres, les uns après les autres. Chaque page identifiée est alors indexée dans une base de données, accessible ensuite par les internautes à partir de mots-clés. Aucun moteur de recherche ne peut parcourir la totalité des pages en une journée (ce processus prend généralement plusieurs semaines), chaque moteur adopte donc sa propre stratégie en essayant de déterminer la fréquence de mise à jour des sites. MOOC overview | September 2014 4 LISTE DES MOTEURS PAR CATEGORIE Moteurs de recherche Web: AltaVista (multilingue) Mozbot (multilingue) Ask (multilingue) Panguso (chinois) Baidu (chinois) Premsgo (français) Bing (multilingue) Qwant (multilingue) Blekko (anglais) Sohu (chinois) Dazoo FR (français) Soso (chinois) DuckDuckGo (multilingue) Swisscows (suisse) Exalead (français) Naver (Coréen) Gigablast (anglais) V9 (chinois, multilingue) Google (multilingue) Wopa! (multilingue) LeMoteur (français), qui Yahoo! (multilingue) remplace Voila Yandex (russe, anglais) Lycos (multilingue) MOOC overview | September 2014 5 LISTE DES MOTEURS Moteurs de recherche éducation Moteurs de recherche et recherche: d’entreprise: DatAnswers (Varonis) BASE (développé dans le cadre du projet GM Search (aleph-networks) CiteSeerX : bibliothèque numérique pour les articles scientifiques et académiques Autonomy (HP) Google Scholar Endeca (Oracle) ScientificCommons PubGene: moteur de recherche biomédical Exalead (Dassault Systèmes) PubMed : recherche bibliographique Fast ESP (Microsoft) biomédicale MyScienceWork : moteur de recherche multidisciplinaire d'articles scientifiques en Open Access Moteurs de recherche pour enfants: Yahoo! Kids (n'existe plus qu'au Japon) Français :BabyGo MOOC overview | September 2014 6 LES OPERATEURS DE RECHERCHE MOOC overview | September 2014 7 LES OPERATEURS DE RECHERCHE (2) MOOC overview | September 2014 8 Exemple DE RECHERCHE MOOC overview | September 2014 9 Exemple DE RECHERCHE Exemple: «Pomme rouge», on obtenait 8 290 000 résultats. Si je ne veux pas de pommes rouges cortlands, ni les vertes, ni les empires…,voici comment je devrais écrire: «Pomme rouge -cortland -verte -empire». En agissant de la sorte, vous nous obtenons 6 940000 résultats, ce qui évite d’arriver sur des sites avec des informations que l’on sait, ne pas vouloir trouver. MOOC overview | September 2014 10 COMMENT LIRE UNE ADRESSE WEB http:// www Orient Campusen.sn/ Candidat/ info.pdf ation Protocole Pas Nom du Suffixes répertoire fichier de toujours domaine transfert présent autre types veut dire Aussi .com = Permet de Parfois : ftp (files World Wide appelé le commerce naviguer : PDF transfert Web, on dit nom du .gouv = dans les JPG protocols) la toile en site gouvernement sites PNG https : français. sn .ca .fr. ch GIF… Site = pays sécurisé .org but non lucratif MOOC overview | September 2014 11.
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