Case Studies for the Use of Infraspecific Classifications in Managing Germplasm Collections of Cultivated Plants
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Mnemonic Memory Taxonomy
MNEMONIC MEMORY TAXONOMY Overview: In this lesson, students determine proper classification of organisms according to taxonomic levels, explore characteristics that determine classification, and create methods to recall ordered taxonomic terminology. Objectives: The student will: • describe the use and function of a taxonomy, specifically to order and classify living organisms; and • identify and list taxonomic levels of biological classification. Targeted Alaska Grade Level Expectations: Science [7] SC2.2 The student demonstrates an understanding of the structure, function, behavior, development, life cycles, and diversity of living organisms by identifying the seven levels of classification of organisms. [7] SA1.1 The student demonstrates an understanding of the processes of science by asking questions, predicting, observing, describing, measuring, classifying, makign generalizations, inferring, and communicating. Vocabulary: animalia— one of six kingdoms, including most living things that are able to move and digest food internally plantae –one of six kingdoms, including living things that generally manufacture their own food through the use of photosynthesis fungi – one of six kingdoms, mostly living things that are nonmobile and assist in the decomposition process, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms binomial nomenclature – a scientific naming system that gives a unique name (“scientific name”) to each species, using organisms’ genus and species as its two parts (e.g., “Homo sapiens” for humans) class – a taxonomic rank below -
Botanical Nomenclature: Concept, History of Botanical Nomenclature
Module – 15; Content writer: AvishekBhattacharjee Module 15: Botanical Nomenclature: Concept, history of botanical nomenclature (local and scientific) and its advantages, formation of code. Content writer: Dr.AvishekBhattacharjee, Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P.O. – B. Garden, Howrah – 711 103. Module – 15; Content writer: AvishekBhattacharjee Botanical Nomenclature:Concept – A name is a handle by which a mental image is passed. Names are just labels we use to ensure we are understood when we communicate. Nomenclature is a mechanism for unambiguous communication about the elements of taxonomy. Botanical Nomenclature, i.e. naming of plants is that part of plant systematics dealing with application of scientific names to plants according to some set rules. It is related to, but distinct from taxonomy. A botanical name is a unique identifier to which information of a taxon can be attached, thus enabling the movement of data across languages, scientific disciplines, and electronic retrieval systems. A plant’s name permits ready summarization of information content of the taxon in a nested framework. A systemofnamingplantsforscientificcommunicationmustbe international inscope,andmustprovideconsistencyintheapplicationof names.Itmustalsobeacceptedbymost,ifnotall,membersofthe scientific community. These criteria led, almost inevitably, to International Botanical Congresses (IBCs) being the venue at which agreement on a system of scientific nomenclature for plants was sought. The IBCs led to publication of different ‘Codes’ which embodied the rules and regulations of botanical nomenclature and the decisions taken during these Congresses. Advantages ofBotanical Nomenclature: Though a common name may be much easier to remember, there are several good reasons to use botanical names for plant identification. Common names are not unique to a specific plant. -
Afdc 16(6759) P3
AFDC 16(6759) P3 DRAFT TANZANIA STANDARD Oat grains — Specification TANZANIA BUREAU OF STANDARDS AFDC 16(6759) P3 Oat grains — Specification and grading 0. Foreword Oat grains are obtained from either Avena byzantina or Avena sativa a tall, erect annual cereal grass up to 1.5 m. It is widely grown as a food grain and fodder in temperate and sub-tropical regions. It also does well in the high-altitude tropics. Oats have numerous uses in food; most commonly, they are rolled or crushed into oatmeal, or ground into fine oat flour. Oatmeal is chiefly eaten as porridge, but may also be used in a variety of baked goods, such as oatcakes, oatmeal cookies, and oat bread. Oats are also an ingredient in many cold cereals, in particular muesli and granola. Oats may also be consumed raw, and cookies with raw oats are becoming popular. Oats are also occasionally used in several different drinks such as brewing beer. Oats may also be used in soup preparations. Development of this Tanzania standard was necessitated by the need to ensure the safety and quality of oat grains being produced and or marketed in Tanzania as well as for import and export markets. In preparation of this draft Tanzania standard assistance was drawn from CODEX STAN 201, Standard for Oats. In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with the Tanzania standard, if the final value observed or calculated is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with TZS 4: (see clause 2). AFDC 16(6759) P3 1. -
Coastal Marine Habitats Harbor Novel Early-Diverging Fungal Diversity
Fungal Ecology 25 (2017) 1e13 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fungal Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Coastal marine habitats harbor novel early-diverging fungal diversity * Kathryn T. Picard Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA article info abstract Article history: Despite nearly a century of study, the diversity of marine fungi remains poorly understood. Historical Received 12 September 2016 surveys utilizing microscopy or culture-dependent methods suggest that marine fungi are relatively Received in revised form species-poor, predominantly Dikarya, and localized to coastal habitats. However, the use of high- 20 October 2016 throughput sequencing technologies to characterize microbial communities has challenged traditional Accepted 27 October 2016 concepts of fungal diversity by revealing novel phylotypes from both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Available online 23 November 2016 Here, I used ion semiconductor sequencing (Ion Torrent) of the ribosomal large subunit (LSU/28S) to Corresponding Editor: Felix Barlocher€ explore fungal diversity from water and sediment samples collected from four habitats in coastal North Carolina. The dominant taxa observed were Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota, though all fungal phyla Keywords: were represented. Diversity was highest in sand flats and wetland sediments, though benthic sediments Marine fungi harbored the highest proportion of novel sequences. Most sequences assigned to early-diverging fungal Ion torrent groups could not be assigned -
The Empire of Life Needs a Proper Name by Guy Lane & Andrew Buckwell
The Empire of Life Needs a Proper Name by Guy Lane & Andrew Buckwell The Empire of Life Needs a Proper Name 9 May, 2020. The biggest living organism on Planet Earth is the Living Planet itself, but she doesn’t have a proper name. Guy Lane & Andrew Buckwell ascribe a taxonomic classification to Gaia. THE PROCESS of human reproduction goes through a number of distinct phases. First, a young man meets a young woman and they learn each other’s names. They realise their lives would be better in a partnership. They come to an agreement about how to live together, and then they make a baby human. A similar process takes place when our Living Planet seeks to reproduce. Let us explain. The proper name for a human is Homo sapiens, and the science of properly naming living things is called taxonomy. In 1758, Carl Linneus instituted the practice of binomial nomenclature. This is a two-part name, written in Latin that describes how the organism looks or behaves. The binomial for Homo sapiens translates (perhaps inappropriately) to “wise people”. All species are so named as part of their ‘taxonomic rank’ that has a number of levels: Domain – Kingdom – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus – Species. For a human, the taxonomic rank has the following entries: Prokaryote – Animalia – Chordata – Mammalia – Primate – Hominidae – Homo – Sapiens. The different types of living things can be represented in a Tree of Life. The picture below shows the Tree of Life extended to the level of Kingdom. 1 The Empire of Life Needs a Proper Name by Guy Lane & Andrew Buckwell The Phylogenetic tree (Image via Wikipedia) Of note, there is one important life form that has yet to be given a binomial or ascribed a taxonomic rank. -
A Dual-Purpose Model for Spring-Sown Oats in Cold Regions of Northern China
agronomy Article A Dual-Purpose Model for Spring-Sown Oats in Cold Regions of Northern China 1,2, 1,3, 1,3, 4 4 4 Jie Yang y, Longyu Hou y , Wenming Bai *, Jingyun Yan , Jianxi Hao , Jin Tao , Yingluo Luo 5, Jianmin Zhang 5 and Wen-Hao Zhang 1,3 1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; [email protected] (J.Y.); [email protected] (L.H.); [email protected] (W.-H.Z.) 2 College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Inner Mongolia Research Center for Prataculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 4 Hulunbuir Institute of Ecological Industry Technology, Hulunbuir 021008, China; [email protected] (J.Y.); [email protected] (J.H.); [email protected] (J.T.) 5 Xieertala Farm, Hulunbuir 021024, China; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (J.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-62836973 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 7 September 2019; Accepted: 5 November 2019; Published: 7 November 2019 Abstract: Alpine regions in northern China are the traditional animal husbandry base. The lack of high-quality forage supply resulting from degradation of natural grasslands and low forage production due to short growing seasons greatly restricts development of animal husbandry in these areas. Spring oats have been widely planted in cold regions worldwide harvesting as either grains or forages because of their great adaptative ability to low temperatures and early maturation and high nutritional values. -
Avena Nuda L.; Avena Sativa L
E TG/20/11(proj.4) ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2018-04-06 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS Geneva DRAFT * OATS UPOV Code(s): AVENA_NUD; AVENA_SAT Avena nuda L.; Avena sativa L. GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY prepared by experts from Spain to be considered by the Technical Working Party for Agricultural Crops at its forty-seventh session, to be held in Naivasha, Kenya, from 2018-05-21 to 2018-05-25 Disclaimer: this document does not represent UPOV policies or guidance Alternative names:* Botanical name English French German Spanish Avena nuda L. Naked Oats Avoine nue Nackthafer Avena desnuda Avena sativa L., Oats Avoine Hafer Avena Avena byzantina K. Koch The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These Test Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the General Introduction and its associated TGP documents. * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest information.] TG/20/11(proj.4) Oats, 2018-04-06 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES......................................................................................................... -
Molecular Data and Phylogeny of Family Smilacaceae
Pak. J. Bot., Special Issue (S.I. Ali Festschrift) 42: 111-116, 2010. MOLECULAR DATA AND PHYLOGENY OF FAMILY SMILACACEAE ZABTA K. SHINWARI1 AND SHEHLA SHINWARI2 1Dept. of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University-Islamabad 2Dept. of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi Abstract Family Smilacaceae’s higher order taxonomy remained disputed for many years. It was treated as an order “Smilacales” and was also placed under Liliales by several taxonomists. Even some considered as part of family Liliacaeae. In present paper, we investigated the family’s higher order phylogeny and also compared its rbcL gene sequence data with related taxa to elucidate its phylogeny. The data suggests that its family stature is beyond dispute because of its advanced karyotype, woody climbing habit and DNA sequence data. The data suggest that Smilacaceae may be a sister group of order Liliales and it forms a clear clade with the order. Introduction The Family Smilacaceae was first recognized by Vent. However, its taxonomic status remained controversial. Smilacaceae is a small family with only 3 genera and about 320 species. (Mabberley 2008, Conran,1998) In Pakistan it is represented by one genus and 4 species including a cultivated species (Ghazanfar, 1977). This family is mainly distributed in tropics but extending to temperate regions of both the hemispheres. Bantham and Hooker, (1883); Krause (1930) considered the genera of Smilacaceae under tribe Polygonatae of the family Liliaceae But majority of the present day taxonomists treat them under an independent family Smilacaceae because of its petiolar sheath tendrils, 1-chambered anther cells, sessile stigmas and mostly climbing habit (Fig. -
Ensembl Fungi Evolutionary Analysis (Gene Trees)
Demo: Ensembl Fungi gene trees and homologues Let’s look at the homologues of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPR140W aka Taz1. This gene is involved in stress response and conserved across different taxonomic domains. Search for the gene and go to the Gene tab. Click on Fungal compara: Gene tree, which will display the current gene in the context of a phylogenetic tree used to determine orthologues and paralogues. Funnels indicate collapsed nodes. Click on a node (coloured square) to get a pop-up. We can then see what type of node this is, some statistics and options to expand or export the sub-tree. There are some quick filtering options below the image, where you can add paralogues, and quickly expand or collapse nodes. You can download the tree in a variety of formats. From the pop-up above you can click to export the sub-tree. Alternatively, click on the download icon in the bar at the top of the image to get a pop- up where you can choose your format. You can preview this file before you download. We can look at homologues in the Orthologues and Paralogues pages, which can be accessed from the left-hand menu. If there are no orthologues or paralogues, then the name will be greyed out. Click on Orthologues to see the orthologues available. Scroll to the bottom of the page to see a list of the species that do not have any orthologues with taz1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae… there’s a lot! Saccharomyces cerevisiae is part of Pan-compara, which compares a subset of fungal species with species from other taxa, such as plants, bacteria and vertebrates. -
Botanical Classification and Nomenclature an Introduction —
Botanical classification and nomenclature an introduction — Marc S.M. Sosef Jérôme Degreef Henry Engledow Pierre Meerts Botanical classification and nomenclature an introduction — Marc S.M. Sosef Jérôme Degreef Henry Engledow Pierre Meerts by Marc S.M. Sosef1, Jérôme Degreef1,2, Henry Engledow1 & Pierre Meerts3 1 Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium 2 Service Général de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique, Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Rue A. Lavallée 1, B-1080 Brussels, Belgium 3 Herbarium et bibliothèque de botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 265, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium Copyright © 2020 Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium. Printed in Belgium by Gewadrupo, Arendonk. This publication is published and distributed in Open Access under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A PDF file of this publication can be ordered, free of charge (send an email to [email protected]), or downloaded from the webshop of Meise Botanic Garden at http://shopbotanicgarden.weezbe.com. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3706707 CIP Royal Library Albert I, Brussels Botanical classification and nomenclature, an introduction. Marc S.M. Sosef, Jérôme Degreef, Henry Engledow & Pierre Meerts - Meise, Meise Botanic Garden, 2020. - 72 p.; ill.; 22 x 15 cm. ISBN 9789492663207 Subject: Botany D/2020/0325/002 Content Introduction . 5 1. The history of classification . 9 1.1 Theophrastus to the Middle Ages . 11 1.2 Renaissance, Pre-Linnean period . 13 1.3 Linnaeus and the Linnaeans . -
Order of Classification Biology
Order Of Classification Biology weirdly.Spicy Albrecht Pestiferous bootstraps, Yance hissometimes wuss preface enthrall unhumanising his quirt essentially fulgently. and Effervescible retransferred and so vizierial undersea! Kam phlebotomize her palazzo carpetbagging or syllabize This allowed biologist to seek new methods of. Gorilla is a genus. And, they say, the prospect of being able to address these questions marks a new chapter in the life sciences. They have also detailed the characteristics by which organisms are clustered into those groups. Linnaean system to how does not photosynthesize, it is a file containing information to two distinct type of potential group of classification is the. It is classification order, an evolutionary relationships. Taxonomic hierarchy categories are also arise as Linnaean hierarchy and they were introduced by Linnaeus. Nature itself does coach fit into nice little groups. In this classification file pdf linnaean taxonomy depends upon and that is as observed above has a particular species. Make sure to order of classification biology aqa specification on interconnected biogeochemical processes in tamil and the basis for cat classifications might be necessary to improve chances of many ranks have? Glosario de mulder k, classification systems or drag and classifications were a simple. And that DNA, for the novel part, replicates in a very, tedious, very, original way. The many changes in our understanding of evolutionary relationships among animals have resulted in confusing and conflicting relationships among animal groups defined using ranks. Is classification order, and classifications were grouped according to biology of their right here for centuries when words. Kingdom classification order, you are prokaryotes and classifications are not always tidy and knowledge. -
Verde Del Cultivo De Avena Sometido a Tres Abonos Orgánicos Y Un Fertilizante Químico
UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE BABAHOYO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA Tesis de Grado Presentado al Consejo Directivo de la Facultad, como requisito previo a la obtención del título de: Ingeniero Agrónomo Tema: Efectos de la aplicación de la abonadura orgánica en el rendimiento y producción de biomasa verde del cultivo de avena (avena sativa l.) ” Autor: José Miguel Reascos Estrada Director: Ing. Agr. Segundo Rafael Vásquez El Ángel – Carchi - Ecuador -2015- i UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE BABAHOYO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS ESCUELA DE INGENIERIA AGRONOMICA TESIS DE GRADO PRESENTADA AL H. CONSEJO DIRECTIVO COMO REQUISITO PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO DE: INGENIERO AGRONOMO Tema: “EFECTOS DE LA APLICACIÓN DE LA ABONADURA ORGÁNICA EN EL RENDIMIENTO Y PRODUCCIÓN DE BIOMASA VERDE DEL CULTIVO DE AVENA (Avena sativa L.)” TRIBUNAL DE SUSTENTACIÓN Ing. Agr. Joffre León Paredes MBA. PRESIDENTE Ing. Agr. Tito Bohórquez Barros MBA. Ing. Agr. Félix Ronquillo Icaza MBA. VOCAL VOCAL ii Las investigaciones, resultados, conclusiones y recomendaciones del presente trabajo, son de exclusiva responsabilidad del autor: José Miguel Reascos Estrada iii DEDICATORIA Este trabajo de investigación se lo dedico primordialmente a Dios por darme vida, salud, a mi familia y amigos. A mis padres Nilo Reascos y Aida Estrada. A mi hijo Lenin Reascos y a mi esposa Yuri Pantoja. A toda mi familia. José Miguel Reascos Estrada iv AGRADECIMIENTOS A la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo a través de las instalaciones de la SECE EL ANGEL por abrir las puertas para poder seguir adelante y poder ser una persona de bien. A la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, por haberme instruido profesionalmente.