ETOP UPDATE X-2015 OFDA-AELGA ISSUED NOVEMBER 10, 2015

Emergency Transboundary insufficient rainfall during October Outbreak Pest (ETOP) Situation (IRLCO-CSA). Update for October with a Forecast till mid-December, 2015 Madagascar Migratory Locust avec un résumé en français (LMC): The third and final phase of the three-year locust campaign that began SUMMARY in late August, 2015 continued.

1 The Desert Locust (SGR ) situation Italian (CIT), Moroccan (DMA), remained calm in the primary outbreak Asian Migratory (LMI) Locusts in areas and major locust activities were Central Asia and the Caucasus (CAC): not reported in October. Locust activities have ended in CAC and no further developments are Forecast: Unusually good rains that expected until spring, 2016. fell in Sahel West Africa and parts of North Africa will likely create favorable African Armyworm (AAW): AAW conditions for locusts to concentrate activities were not reported during and begin breeding during the forecast October. period. Quelea quelea (QQU): QQU birds The SGR will likely begin developing in were reported attacking irrigated rice the Arabian Peninsula and the southern crops in Busia, Siaya and Nyahururu Red Sea coasts in , , and countries in Kenya and sorghum in where heavy rains fell during Meki in the eastern Rift Valley in the Tropical cyclones Chapala and Ethiopia (IRLCO-CSA). Megh during November. OFDA/PSPM is closely monitoring the OTHER ETOPS SGR and other ETOP situation in collaboration with partners at FAO, Red (Nomadic) Locust (NSE): NSE CLCPRO, CRC, DLCO-EA, IRLCO-CSA, populations and swarms persisted in and DPVs/PPDs in frontline countries the primary outbreak areas during and will continue providing updates October and heavy rainfall in and advise as often as necessary. End Malagarasi Basin triggered breeding. summary Other outbreak areas did not RÉSUMÉ experience breeding due to La situation acridienne (SGR) La

1 Definitions of all acronyms can be found at the end of situation acridienne (SGR) est restée the report.

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calme dans les zones des foyers de la campagne de trois ans qui a primaires et les principales activités de commencé à la fin Août 2015 a criquets ont pas été signalés en continué. Octobre. Italien (CIT), du Maroc (DMA), Prévisions: pluies exceptionnellement Asiatique migrateurs (IMT) Criquets bonnes sont tombées dans le Sahel en Asie centrale et dans le Caucase Afrique de l'Ouest et dans certaines (CAC): parties d'Afrique du Nord vont probablement créer des conditions Activités de criquets ont terminé dans favorables pour les criquets à se le CAC et pas d'autres développements concentrer et commencent à se sont attendus jusqu'au printemps reproduire au cours de la période de 2016. prévision. Chenille Légionnaire africaine Le SGR sera probablement commencer (AAW): activités AAW ont pas été à développer dans la péninsule signalés au cours de Octobre. arabique et les côtes de la mer Rouge au Yémen du sud, Oman et la Somalie Quéléa (QQU): les oiseaux ont été où de fortes pluies sont tombées signalés qqu attaquer les cultures pendant les cyclones tropicaux Chapala irriguées de riz dans les pays Busia, et Megh pendant Novembre. Siaya et Nyahururu au Kenya et le sorgho dans Meki dans la vallée du Rift AUTRES ETOPS en Ethiopie orientale (IRLCO-CSA).

Rouge (Nomade) Locust (NSE): OFDA / PSPM (AELGA) suit de près la populations NSE et des essaims ont SGR et autre situation ETOP en persisté dans les zones des foyers collaboration avec les partenaires de la primaires en Octobre et de fortes FAO, la CLCPRO, CRC, DLCO-EA, précipitations dans le bassin Malagarasi IRLCO-CSA, et DPV / PPD dans les pays élevage déclenché. Autres domaines en première ligne et continuera de d'éclosion n'a pas connu l'élevage en fournir des mises à jour et de conseiller raison de l'insuffisance des aussi souvent que nécessaire. Résumé précipitations au cours Octobre Fin (IRLCO-CSA). The increased awareness among Locust Madagascar migrateurs national authorities and the support (LMC): La troisième et dernière phase from USAID/OFDA and other

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humanitarian/development partners to food security and livelihoods of have helped frontline and/or primary vulnerable populations through improved invasion countries in Northern Africa farmers’ skills, knowledge and and Sahel West Africa, i.e., Algeria, perceptions of the AAW was concluded Chad, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, by the end of September.

Morocco, Niger, Senegal and Participating countries expressed their Tunisia to establish autonomous unit gratitude and commitments to maintain for the prevention and control of SGR sustainability of the activities initiated through this project. Through its Plant OFDA ETOP Activities and Benefits Health and Pesticide unit, USAID/OFDA With the financial support from will maintain a line of communications USAID/OFDA and other donors FAO with participating countries and keep established an online Pesticide Stock monitoring progresses and constraints Management System (PSMS) in more of the activities it supported to initiate. than 50 countries around the globe, including many in the SGR outbreak Thanks to the support from USAID/OFDA regions in West and North Africa, the and partnering organizations, farmers Horn and Eastern Africa and many more. can now identify and prepare to prevent Participating countries are now able to AAW outbreaks from occurring and stop maintain current inventories of their the caterpillars from causing damage to stocks, including usable and obsolete, as their crops and pasture. well as prevent unnecessary accumulations of useable/obsolete USAID/OFDA’s mapping unit has pesticides and empty containers. Thanks developed a dynamic map that shows to the PSMS, many countries have the locations of all trap sites and a lot avoided unnecessary procurements or more - click here bit.ly/1PAydht to view the stockpiling of pesticides. This has web version of the map. The map will be minimized costly future disposal continuously updated with additional operations in a number of countries and useful data layers, including cropping contributed to the safety and well-being patterns, AAW outbreak frequencies, of their citizens and the shared number of requests for interventions, environment. population load, land use patterns, weather, etc. OFDA-sponsored tri-state community- based armyworm monitoring, forecasting OFDA/PSPM is also working with other and early warning (CBAMFEW) project partners to explore means and ways to improved knowledge, skills and capacity expand this innovative technology to of rural farmers to monitor and report benefit other AAW affected countries. armyworm presence. The project that aimed at reducing the threats AAW poses

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OFDA maintained interests and support OFDA supported DRR program for ETOP for sustainable pesticide risk reduction management in Central Asia and the initiatives through stewardship network Caucasus (CAC) is on track. The program (SPRRSN). This initiative is aimed at promotes collaboration among strengthening capacities of vulnerable neighboring countries and encourages communities to help reduce pesticide coordination of joint monitoring, related risks and improve their safety, surveillance, reporting and launching protect their assets and the shared preventive interventions to minimize the environment. To date, OFDA/PSPM has threats of ETOPs to food security and successfully launched two sub-regional livelihoods of millions of vulnerable SPRRSNs in Eastern Africa and the Horn. populations. The Horn of Africa SPRRSN initiative has created an Association dubbed as Note: All ETOP SITREPs can be accessed Pesticide Stewardship Association- on USAID/OFDA Pest and Pesticide Ethiopia (PSA-E) and PSA-E is considered Management website: a model for future similar initiatives across similar regions. http://www.usaid.gov/what-we- do/working-crises-and- OFDA-PSPM has plans to extend this conflict/responding-times-crisis/how-we- initiative to other parts of Africa, the do-it/humanitarian-sectors/agriculture- Middle East, CAC and other regions. In and-food-security/pest-and-pesticide- his recent visit, OFDA Senior Technical monitoring Advisor for Pesticides and Pests observed PSA-N activities in Ethiopia and noted Detailed information on weather and progresses and constraints among ecological conditions beneficiaries. Weather and ecological conditions: OFDA continued its support for the DRR (TC) Chapala landed on the southern coast of Yemen on 3 program to strengthen national and November. The cyclone resulted in regional capacities for ETOP operations. extremely heavy rainfall in Yemen and The program which is implemented Oman during the first week of through FAO has assisted frontline November. Tropical cyclone Megh formed in the and moved west, countries to mitigate, prevent, and passing directly over Island in the respond to ETOP outbreaks. It has also northeastern tip of Somalia on 8 helped participating countries avoid November before crossing the Gulf of potential emergencies that emanate from Aden on 9 November and reaching the misuse and mishandling of pesticides, southern coast of Yemen at about 00:00 GMT on November 10 and made a landfall pesticide-incorporated materials and about 25 km NE of Aden the same day. application platforms. By the time it made a landfall, Megh had significantly weakened with wind gusts of

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less than 85 km/h. The cyclone continued position (--) of the ITF relative to its to decay rapidly as it moved further climatological position (--) during the 3rd inland into the rugged and dry southern dekad of October and its previous highlands where it finally dissipated. position during the 2nd dekad of October (Source: OCHA/UNOSAT/UNITAR, JTWC, (--) (NOAA, 11/2015). FAO/DLIS). From October 11-20, 2015, the Since the Joint Typhoon Warning Centre Intertropical front (ITF) experienced a (JTWC) began keeping records for this northward movement over its western region in 1972, a number of tropical portion, while it advanced farther south cyclones and depressions have made across its eastern part relative to the landfall in Somalia. Most of these storms former position of the ITF during the arrived from the Indian Ocean while only previous dekad. The mean western (10W- one arrived from the Gulf of Aden. 10E) portion of the ITF was located near (Source: Wunderground; JTWC). 15.3 degrees N, which was to the north of the average position by 0.8 degree. As a During the last dekad of October, the result, this anomalous northerly position Intertropical Front (ITF) continued of the ITF over West Africa has brought moving southward relative to its position above-average rain as far north as south- from the 2nd dekad of October. However, central Mauritania. both the western and eastern portions of the ITF experienced anomalous northerly Meanwhile, the mean eastern (20E-35E) positions compared to their respective portion of the ITF was approximated at long-term mean locations. 12.5 degrees N and was to the south of the mean position by 0.4 degree. Though, heavy and well above-average rain was observed in southeastern Sudan and northeastern South Sudan.

The mean western portion of the ITF was approximated at 13.6N, which was north of the average position by 0.7 degree. Also, the mean eastern portion of the ITF was located at 12.0N, o.5 degree north of The map above shows the current its normal mean position. The anomalous position (--) of the ITF relative to its northerly position of the ITF across Africa climatological position during the 2nd resulted in wetter than average dekad of October (--), and its previous conditions throughout much of West position during the 1st dekad of October Africa and Eastern Africa during the (--) (NOAA, 10/2015). period. The above map shows the current

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In the central outbreak region, medium the SGR regions, it will cause above- to heavy rain was reported in Sudan average rainfall over the Horn of Africa, during the 1st dekad of October in the southern Red Sea region and Gulf of Aden winter breeding areas in south Toker from November 2015 on. These events Delta, along the central areas and will likely mimic the El Niño of 1997-1998 northwest Red Sea hills near neighboring where DL swarms formed on the Egypt borders. More rainfall is expected northwest coast of Somalia. It is worth during the coming month. mentioning that the 1978, 1993 and 2004 DL upsurges and the 1987-89 plague In the central outbreak region, medium which affected more than 65 countries in to heavy rain was reported in Sudan three continents also occurred during El during the 1st dekad of October in the Niño and La Niña years. winter breeding areas in south Toker Delta, along the central areas and During the 1987-89 plague, USG, northwest Red Sea hills near neighboring primarily through OFDA, provided close to Egypt borders. More rainfall is expected USD 60 million to a the international during the coming month. campaign that required more than USD 300 million to abate the plague. In the western outbreak region good and widespread rains fell in parts of During the 2003-05 SGR upsurges that Sahel West Africa, southern northwest affected more than 25 countries across Sahel, North Africa, the Red Sea coasts Africa causing ecological conditions to and the Middle East, OFDA contributed in become favorable for the locusts to the upward of USD 21 million, including persist and breed during the forecast deploying a DART, to hundreds of period. thousands of USD that was required to put the locust upsurges under control and El Niño / La Niña and SGR outbreak. assist affected farmers and rural communities(AELLGA/OFDA, The impact of El Niño is often felt strongly (AELGA/OFDA, FAO-DLIS) in the Central Outbreak Region (COR) (the Horn of Africa and the Arabian In the NSE region, medium to low rains Peninsula) due to the above average were recorded near the outbreak areas in rainfall during winter and wetter than Tanzania (149.4 mm during five days) normal long spring Diraa (April-June) in recorded in Kaliua near Malagarasi Basin. northern Somalia. On the other hand, the Sporadic rainfall was recorded in southern western outbreak area is affected more Malawi during the first fortnight of by La Niña, which often brings heavier October with Ntaja (near Lake Chilwa than normal rains to the summer plains) receiving 30.1 mm during the first breeding areas in the northern Sahel. The week of the month. Warm and hot eastern outbreak region, i.e., Iran, conditions prevailed in Zambia and light Pakistan or India is not known to have rains were reported in a few areas been affected by El Niño or La Niña. including Kafue Flats during October. Central Mozambique experienced hot OFDA Hydromet expert and FAO locust and dry weather. Short rains started in unit alerted that one of the strongest El Kenya while light rains fell in some areas Niño events in the last century is highly in Zimbabwe (IRLCO-CSA). likely during the next several months. In

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In CAC, generally dry and cool weather southwest of Kalait, West of Guereda, persisted in October. Southeast of Beurkia, and northeast of Salal were surveys were conducted Note: Changes in the weather pattern can during the first dekad of the month. contribute to ecological shift in ETOP habitats and increase the risk of pest In Mauritania, several solitary-transient outbreaks, resurgence and even 3rd and 4th instar hopper bands and emergence of new pests. Moroccan locust patches were reported in the northeast (DMA) which is normally a low to medium south of Nouakchott from Adrar to Wadi altitude pest has shown a considerable El Gourariya and north of Zgueimir at vertical habitat expansion by up to 1,000 Dhlou Tleiha. Hoppers were also observed feet or 300 meters from its normal on Tribulus sp. northwest of Agane, ambient altitude in Uzbekistan. Rahalia, Nouakel, Inchiri and the surroundings of Akjoujt. Yellow mature The Asian migratory locust, once a adults were detected between El univoltin (a single generation per year) Gourariya and northwest Targa and insect, recently began exhibiting two Rahhaliyah. The presence of hopper generations per year. These anomalous bands and patches in the Centre of the manifestations and phenomena, which are country and yellow mature adults in largely attributed to the change in the several locations suggests that breeding weather pattern and associated ecological has begun in several areas in the shift, are a serious concern to farmers, northwest of Targa, Inchiri, Amessaga, rangeland managers, crop protection Taziast and Tijiritt. experts and others. Regular monitoring and documenting anomalous Control operations commenced on nd manifestations in pest behavior and November 2 and a team from Inchiri habitats and timely reporting remain was deployed to El Gourariya to carry out critical to help avoid and minimize control operations using knapsack potential damages to crops, pasture and sprayers. Additional teams are being subsequent negative impact on livelihoods deployed and further monitoring and of vulnerable communities and assessments will be launched in several populations. End note. areas, including Inchiri, Akchar, Tijirit, Taziast, Adhims, Aftout, Yaghref and Amessaga. Locust information and related Detailed Accounts of ETOP Situation data will be solicited from all sources and a Forecast for the Next Six including nomads and merchants that Weeks traverse the Sahara (CNLA/Chad, CNLCP/Mali, CNLA/ Mauritania, SGR – Western Outbreak Region: The CNLAA/Morocco, CNLA/Niger, SGR situation remained relatively calm in CNLA/Tunisia, NCDLC/Libya). October in western and northern outbreak. In Chad a few isolated solitary Forecast: Given the presence of individuals were observed North and favorable ecological conditions from good

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rains that fell in Tiris-Zemmour in these areas, but major SGR activities are northern Mauritania, western Algeria as not expected during the forecast period well as southern and southwestern (FAO-DLIS, OFDA/AELGA). Morocco, SGR will likely breed and persist during the forecast period. The primary Red (Nomadic) Locust (NSE): outbreak areas in Chad, Mali and Niger Significant populations of NSE persisted will also experience localized small-scale in most outbreak areas. Low to medium breeding during the forecast period (OFDA/AELGA, FAO-ECLO). density swarms infested Kafue Flats in Zambia and Ikuu-Katavi and Malagarasi SGR (Desert Locust): Central Outbreak Basins, North Rukwa and Wembere plains Region: In Sudan, no locust were in Tanzania. The Lake Chilwa/Lake rd detected during ground surveys in the 3 Chuita plains in Malawi and dekad of October in the summer breeding Mozambique remained relatively calm areas in River Nile, the Northern, North and only localized concentrations of adult Kordofan, Khartoum, White Nile as well as Kassala States. No locusts were locusts continued to develop on unburnt reported in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Oman, patches. Low density adult populations Somalia, S. Arabia or Yemen during continued to infest the Buzi-Gorongosa October (DLCO-EA, FAO-DLIS, and Dimba plains in Mozambique. LCC/Oman, PPD/Sudan). Insufficient moisture failed to trigger

breeding except in Malagarasi Basin Forecast: LSGR activities will likely begin during October (IRLCO-CSA). in on the coastal and the interior areas in southern Yemen where TC Chapala and Forecast: NSE annual breeding cycle will Megh brought heavy rains. A similar commence and egg laying will occur situation is likely in northeastern Somalia during November/December Ikuu-Katavi and parts of Oman where heavy rains and North Rukwa plains in Tanzania, Lake occurred as a result of the two cyclones Chilwa/Lake Chiuta plains (Malawi and that hit the region during the first dekad Mozambique) and Kafue Flats in Zambia of November. Sudan will likely experience where medium to high density adult locust activities during the coming populations were present. Buzi- months (DLMCC/Yemen, FAO-DLIS, Gorongosa and Dimba plains in LCC/Oman, PPD/Sudan). Mozambique will see high density hopper developments. Survey to assess SGR - Eastern Outbreak Region: No population levels must be conducted soon locusts were reported in Rajasthan, India after hatching to plan control operations. and only a few scattered adults were detected in Pakistan along the Indo- Madagascar Migratory Locust (LMC): Pakistan borders during surveys carried The 3rd phase of the three-phase locust out in October. campaign that commended on August 26, 2015 continued. Forecast: Ecological conditions have begun improving for locusts to persist Forecast: Locusts will likely continue and perhaps breed on a small-scale in appearing in a few places during the

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forecast period. Given the need for regions (for further detail, refer to page 5 surveying and perhaps controlling areas above). too large for ground operations to cover, the ground team will be augmented by a Timor and South Pacific: No update helicopter to support aerial operations was received from East Timor during Italian (CIT), Moroccan (DMA) and October, but ETOP activities may have Migratory (LMI) Locusts in Central started appearing during this time. Asia and the Caucasus (CAC): The African Armyworm (AAW): AAW locust seasonal has ended in CAC region. activities were absent in all outbreak Forecast: Locust activities are not areas in October. expected till spring 2016 (OFDA/AELGA). Forecast: The Armyworm outbreak Italian, Migratory and Moroccan locusts season may occur in areas where rains are a constant threat to the CAC region. have already commenced, particularly in These pests can profusely multiply and Tanzania and Kenya. attack tens of millions of hectares of crop AAW season will commence at the foot land, pasture land and affect livelihoods hills of the seasonal rain in the IRLCO- of more than 20 million vulnerable rural CSA member-countries at the foot hills of inhabitants that eke a living primarily the seasonal rain due to start from late from farming and herding. With the October into November. All trap operators ability to travel more than 100 km (60 and forecasters are advised to replenish miles) each day, these locusts can pheromone traps for timely monitoring decimate dozens of hectares of cereal (IRLCO-CSA, OFDA/AELGA). crops, pasture, cotton, fruit trees, leguminous plants, sunflower, tobacco, Quelea (QQU): QQU birds were vineyard, vegetable and others over vast reported attacking irrigated rice crops areas. Most of the countries affected by in Busia, Siaya and Nyahururu these three locust species are relatively countries in Kenya and sorghum in new and lack the capacity to effectively Meki in the eastern Rift Valley in prevent and control these pests (The once robust centralized pest control Ethiopia (DLCO-EA, IRLCO-CSA). capacity in these countries disappeared Forecast: QQU bird outbreaks are with the downfall of the Soviet system expected to occur in Kenya, but other leaving each country to fetch for itself). counties will likely remain free of Currently, USAID/OFDA is sponsoring outbreaks during the forecast period project activities through the UN/FAO to (IRLCO-CSA, OFDA/AELGA). help strengthen/re-build national and Facts: QQU birds can travel ~100 km/day regional capacity to prevent and control looking for food. An adult QQU bird can the threats these pests pose to the consume 3-5 grams of grain and destroy vulnerable 20 plus million people in these the same amount each day. A medium

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density QQU colony can contain up to a associated with pesticide stockpiling. A million or more birds which are capable of judiciously executed triangulation of consuming and destroying 6,000 to surplus usable stocks from countries with 10,000 kg of seeds/day, enough to feed large inventories to countries where they 12,000-20,000 people/day. are much needed is a win-win situation worth considering. Rodents: No update was received on rodents for October, however, this pest is Note: A Sustainable Pesticide a constant threat to crops and produce Stewardship (SPS) can considerably and always requires active surveillance strengthen the pesticide delivery system and preventive interventions to avoid any (PDS) at the national and regional levels. major threats (OFDA/AELGA). A strong PDS can effectively reduce pesticide related human health risks, Front-line countries must remain regular minimize environmental pollution, monitoring. Invasion countries should increase food security and ultimately stay alert. DLCO-EA, DLCCs, IRLCO-CSA, contribute to the national economy. An national PPDs, CNLAs, DPVs, ELOs, etc., SPS can be effectively established by are encouraged to continue sharing ETOP linking key stakeholders across political information with stakeholders as often borders. End note. and as early as possible. Lead farmers and community forecasters must remain OFDA/PSPM/AELGA encourages vigilant and report ETOP detections to countries to continue exploring relevant authorities immediately. alternatives such as IPM to minimize and reduce risks associated with pesticide Inventories of Pesticide Stocks for stockpiling. A judiciously executed ETOP Prevention and Control triangulation of surplus stocks from Pesticide inventories remained unchanged countries with large inventories to during October as control operations were countries where they are much needed is not conducted. a win-win situation worth considering.

Note: Countries with SGR invasions, Note: A Sustainable Pesticide particularly in West and North West Africa Stewardship (SPS) can considerably reported the presence of obsolete strengthen the pesticide delivery system pesticide stocks some of which are (PDS) at the national and regional levels. leftovers from the previous locust A strong PDS can effectively reduce campaigns, including that of 2003-05 pesticide related human health risks, campaign. Safe disposal of these stocks minimize environmental pollution, will require considerable financial and increase food security and ultimately technical resources. End note. contribute to the national economy. An SPS can be effectively established by OFDA/AELGA encourages countries to linking key stakeholders in neighbouring continue exploring alternatives such as countries. End note. IPM to minimize and reduce risks

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Table 1. ETOP Pesticide Inventory in Bands groups of hoppers marching pretty Frontline Countries much in the same direction CAC Central Asia and the Caucasus Country Quantity (l/kg)$ CBAMFEW Community-based Algeria 1,190,000~D armyworm monitoring, forecasting Chad 44,500 and early warning Eritrea -16,897~ CERF Central Emergency Response Fund Ethiopia -3,975~ CIT Calliptamus italicus Libya 25,000~ CLCPRO Commission de Lutte Contre le Criquett Pélerin dans la Région Madagascar 206,000~ Occidentale (Commission for the Mali 32,000 D Desert Locust Control in the Mauritania 43,400~ Western Region) Morocco 3,757,000~D CNLA(A) Centre National de Lutte Niger 75,800~ Antiacridienne (National Locust Oman 14,440~ D Control Center) Senegal 156,000~ CRC Commission for Controlling Desert Sudan 632,718~ Locust in the Central Region Tunisia 77,530~ (68,514 obsolete) CTE Chortoicetes terminifera Yemen 22,000@ + 300 kg GM~ DDLC Department of Desert Locust $ Includes different kinds of pesticide and Control formulations - ULV, EC and dust; ~ data DLCO-EA Desert Locust Control D not current; = Algeria and Morocco Organization for Eastern Africa 225,000 l of pesticides to Madagascar in DMA Dociostaurus maroccanus 2013; Mali donated 21,000 l to Malawi, DPPQS Department of Plant Mozambique and Tanzania in 2012 and Protection and Quarantine Services FAO facilitated the triangulation; DPV Département Protection des Mauritania donated 25,000 l to Libya in Végétaux (Department of Plant 2012 and to 30,000 l to Madagascar in Protection) TM 2013; GM = GreenMuscle (fungal-based ELO EMPRES Liaison Officers biological pesticide); @includes donations EMPRES Emergency Prevention from Saudi Arabia System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases LIST OF ACRONYMS ETOP Emergency Transboundary Outbreak Pest AAW African armyworm (Spodoptera Fledgling immature adult locust expempta) /grasshopper that has pretty much AELGA Assistance for Emergency the same phenology as mature Locust Grasshopper Abatement adults, but lacks fully developed AFCS Armyworm Forecasting and Control reproductive organs to breed Services, Tanzania GM GreenMuscle® (a fungal-based AfDB African Development Bank biopesticide) AME Anacridium melanorhodon ha hectare (= 10,000 sq. meters, APLC Australian Plague Locust about 2.471 acres) Commission IRIN Integrated Regional APLC Australian Plague Locust Information Networks Commission

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IRLCO-CSA International Red Locust Triangulation The process whereby Control Organization for Central pesticides are donated by a and Southern Africa country, with large inventories, but ITCZ Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone often no immediate need, to a ITF Inter-Tropical Convergence Front = country with immediate need with ITCZ) the help of a third party in the FAO-DLIS Food and Agriculture negotiation and shipments, etc. Organizations’ Desert Locust Usually FAO plays the third party Information Service role in the case of locust and other Hoppers young, wingless emergency cases. locusts/grasshoppers (Latin USAID the Unites States Agency for synonym = nymphs or larvae) International Development Kg Kilogram (~2.2 pound) UN the United Nations L Liter (1.057 Quarts or 0.264 gallon ZEL Zonocerus elegans, the elegant or 33.814 US fluid ounces) grasshopper LMC Locusta migratoriacapito ZVA Zonocerus variegatus, the LMM Locusta migratoria migratorioides variegated grasshopper (This (African Migratory Locust) insect is emerging as a fairly new LPA Locustana pardalina distractive dry season pest, largely MoAFSC Ministry of Agriculture, Food due to the destruction of its natural Security and Cooperatives habitat through deforestation, land MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and clearing, for agricultural and other Rural Development development efforts and from NCDLC National Desert Locust associated weather variability.) Control, Libya NOAA (US) National Oceanic and Aeronautic Administration Who to Contact: NSD Republic of North Sudan NSE Nomadacris septemfasciata Should you have any questions, OFDA Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster comments or suggestions or know Assistance someone who would like to freely PHD Plant Health Directorate subscribe to this report, please, feel free PHS Plant Health Services, MoA to contact us: Tanzania PPD Plant Protection Department Yeneneh Belayneh, PhD. PPSD Plant Protection Services Division/Department [email protected] PRRSN Pesticide Risk Reduction through Stewardship Network Tel.: + 1-202-712-1859 QU Quelea bird SARCOF Southern Africa Region To learn more about our activities and Climate Outlook Forum programs, please, visit us at: SGR Schistoseca gregaria SWAC South West Asia DL Commission http://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/working- PSPM Preparation, Strategic Planning and crises-and-conflict/responding-times- Mitigation (formerly known as the crisis/how-we-do-it/humanitarian- Technical Assistance Group - TAG) sectors/agriculture-and-food-security/pest- and-pesticide-monitoring

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