Imported Skin Diseases Imported Skin Diseases EDITED BY William R. Faber MD, PhD Emeritus Professor of Tropical Dermatology Department of Dermatology Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, the Netherlands Roderick J. Hay DM, FRCP, FRCPath Professor of Cutaneous Infection Kings College London London, UK Bernard Naafs MD, PhD Visiting Professor Regional Dermatology Training Center (RDTC) Moshi, Tanzania; and Invited Professor Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima (ILSL) Bauru, Brazil; and Consultant Stichting Tropen-Dermatologie Munnekeburen, the Netherlands SECOND EDITION A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2013 C 2006 by Elsevier; 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing. 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The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Imported skin diseases / edited by William R. Faber, Roderick J. Hay, Bernard Naafs. – 2nd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-67226-6 (hardback : alk. paper) I. Faber, William Richard, 1940- II. Hay, R. J. (Roderick J.), 1947- III. Naafs, B. (Bernard) [DNLM: 1. Skin Diseases–diagnosis. 2. Skin Diseases–epidemiology. 3. Disease Transmission, Infectious. 4. Emigration and Immigration. 5. Rare Diseases–diagnosis. 6. Travel. WR 141] 616.5–dc23 2012021653 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover image: main image C iStockphoto.com/Petrovich9 Small images (left to right) with kind permission from the authors of Chapter 3 (image 1); Chapter 14 (image 2); Chapter 10 (images 3) Cover design by Meaden Creative Set in 9.5/13pt Meridien by Aptara R Inc., New Delhi, India 1 2013 William R. Faber MD, PhD studied medicine at the University of Leiden. Thereafter, he was a medical officer in Uganda and practiced as a gen- eral practitioner in the Netherlands. He was trained as a dermatovenere- ologist at the Binnengasthuis, Amsterdam (Professor Dr R.H. Cormane). He completed his PhD from the University of Amsterdam. Thereafter, he was a consultant dermatologist at the Meander Medisch Centrum, Amers- foort, and Professor in Tropical Dermatology at the Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. At present, he is Emeritus Professor of Tropical Dermatology at University of Amsterdam. Bernard Naafs MD, PhD was trained as a dermatovenereologist by Pro- fessor Cormane at the Binnengasthuis in Amsterdam. He worked dur- ing 1974–1979 in Ethiopia and during 1983–1986 in Zimbabwe. For 14 years, he has divided his time between the Netherlands (Antonius hospital, Emmeloord and Diaconessenhuis, annex Steenwijk), and the developing countries, particularly, each year 3 months at the Regional Dermatology Training Centre in Moshi, Tanzania, and 3 months at the Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, Brazil. Roderick J. Hay DM, FRCP, FRCPath is the Chairman of the Interna- tional Foundation for Dermatology, Consultant Dermatologist, Skin Infec- tion Clinic, Kings College Hospital, London, and Professor of Cutaneous Infection, Kings College London. He is Emeritus Professor of Dermatol- ogy, Queens University Belfast (QUB) and Honorary Professor in the Clin- ical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He was previously Head of the School of Medicine and Dentistry and Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens University Belfast. Before this, he was Mary Dunhill Professor of Cutaneous Medicine at the St Johns Institute of Dermatology, London. He currently coordinates the dermatology submission for the Global Burden of Disease Project (WHO). Contents Contributors, ix 1 Introduction, 1 W.R. Faber, R.J. Hay, & B. Naafs 2 Precautions and Protection, 4 W.R. Faber, R.J. Hay, & B. Naafs 3 Pigmentary Disorders in Black Skin, 8 J.P.W. van der Veen & L. Nieuweboer-Krobotova 4 Difference between Pigmented and Nonpigmented Skin, 19 B. Naafs 5 Influence of the New Environment on the Skin, 31 S. Badeloe & H.E. Menke 6 Fungal Infections, 45 R.J. Hay 7 Mycobacterial Infections, 64 W.R. Faber 8 Leprosy, 79 B. Naafs & W.R. Faber 9 Buruli Ulcer, 94 D.S. Walsh, W.M. Meyers, & F. Portaels 10 Ulcerating Pyodermas, 107 J.E. Zeegelaar 11 Rickettsioses, 114 P.A. Kager & H.G. Schipper 12 Viral Diseases, 123 R.M. Mays, R.A. Gordon, S. Javed, J.M. Wilson, W.J. LaPolla, N.A. Kjar, & S.K. Tyring 13 Sexually Transmitted Infections, 149 M. Waugh & H.J.C. de Vries vii viii Contents 14 Endemic Treponematoses, 162 H.J.H. Engelkens 15 American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis, 171 C. Talhari, J.A. de Oliveira Guerra, A. Chrusciak-Talhari, P.R.L. Machado, & S. Talhari 16 Leishmaniasis: Old World, 189 F. Vega-Lopez´ 17 Onchocerciasis/Filariasis, 205 M.E. Murdoch 18 Schistosomiasis, 226 A.M. Polderman & L. van Lieshout 19 Tungiasis, 234 H. Feldmeier & J. Heukelbach 20 Cutaneous Larva Migrans, 243 J. Heukelbach & H. Feldmeier 21 Myiasis, 252 R. Kapoor, T.A. McGraw, & D.M. Elston 22 Persistent Insect Bites, 264 C.L.M. van Hees 23 Beetle Dermatitis, 273 M. Glatz & P. Schmid-Grendelmeier 24 Aquatic Skin Disorders, 283 M.T.W. Gaastra 25 Geographic Distribution, 293 W.R. Faber, R.J. Hay, & B. Naafs 26 Clinical Problems, 296 W.R. Faber, R.J. Hay, & B. Naafs Index, 299 Contributors Sadhanna Badeloe MD, PhD Hermann Feldmeier MD, Ph.D. Dermatovenerologist Professor of Tropical Medicine Department of Dermatology Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene Medical Centre Haaglanden Charite´ University Medicine The Hague, the Netherlands Berlin, Germany Annette Chrusciak-Talhari PhD Menno T.W. Gaastra MD Dermatologist Dermatologist Fundac¸ao˜ de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Centrum Oosterwal Vieira Dourado Clinic for Dermatology and Flebology Manaus, Brazil Alkmaar, the Netherlands Martin Glatz MD Jorge Augusto de Oliveira Resident in Dermatology Guerra PhD Department of Dermatology Infectologist University Hospital of Zurich¨ Fundac¸ao˜ de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Zurich,¨ Switzerland Vieira Dourado Manaus, Brazil Rachel A. Gordon MD Clinical Research Fellow Henry