The French Revolution

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Notes The French Revolution 1792- Monarchy is abolished (no more king & queen) 1793-(January) King Louis XVI is executed (October) Queen executed WHY were the King & Queen executed? • In 1792 the royal family attempted to escape France. • They were caught two miles from the border. • Tried & convicted of treason Second Phase (RADICAL) The Reign of Terror • 300,000 arrested • 17,000+ killed WHY? They were seen as a threat to the revolution. • Go against ideas of the revolution • Wanting to reinstate monarchy WHO was in charge of carrying out Reign of Terror? • Committee of Public Safety created to deal with threats o France . Internal Threats- changing of new government . External Threats- European countries like Great Britain, Spain, Russia, and Austria attacked France • Committee of Public Safety o Made up of12 member committee o Force all people to pay taxes in order to pay for war o Robespierre becomes leader o In charge & carry out the trials and executions 1794 (July 28)- Robespierre is killed Third Phase Directory 1795-1799 • Moved away from radicalism • Moderate bourgeoisie take control of the Directory o Executive Branch (5 man) o Two House Legislature o Both were weak and non-influential 1 Notes The French Revolution Fourth and Final Phase Age of Napoleon 1799-1815 • Napoleon overthrows the directory in 1799 and crowns himself emperor of France in 1804. He rose through the ranks of the military and become well known as a war hero. • Created a national banking system, an efficient tax-collection system, and the Napoleonic Code of Law. • Lost to the slaves in Saint Domingue • Sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States in 1803 • Waged the Battle of Trafalgar but was unsuccessful and was forced to live with the idea that he could not physically beat the British Navy Napoleon’s 3 Main Mistakes 1. Continental System- • Napoleon’s issues a blockade but some countries continue to trade • British create their blockade to hurt the British economy but instead it hurts the French economy. 2. Peninsular War- (Iberian Peninsula) • Spain & Portugal • French army enters Spain to get to Portugal • Napoleon overthrows the Spanish King, which upsets many people. • They were fearful that the Catholic Church would be taken away. • Guarrila warfare- hit & run raids by militia’s o 300,000 French solders dies o Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena & dies 3. Napoleon invades Russia • French army gets to Russia in the winter • Scorched-Earth-Policy (burned, destroy, killed all crops, cattle & houses • Starts with 500,000 returns with 10,000 • Napoleon & his army are very weak • British conquer & exile Napoleon to Elba Island • Returns from exile • 100 days of power • Fights the British at the Battle of Water Lou (last battle) 2 .

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Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789
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SECTION 2 The Republic Getting Started As you BEFORE Y OU R EAD read, take 5SETHEInteractive Reader and Study Guide notes on the changes TOFAMILIARIZESTUDENTSWITHTHESECTION MAIN I DEA READING F OCUS KEY T ERMS AND P EOPLE made in French gov- CONTENT An extreme government 1. What changes did the radical Maximilien Robespierre ernment and society changed French society and government make in French guillotine and on the Reign of Interactive Reader and Study Guide, tried through harsh means society and politics? counterrevolution Terror. Section 2 to eliminate its critics within 2. What was the Reign of Reign of Terror France. Terror, and how did it end? The Republic Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 2 MAIN IDEA An extreme government changed French society and tried through harsh means to eliminate its critics within France. Key Terms and People Jean-Paul Marat Maximilien Robespierre Mountain member and a leader of the National Convention guillotine an execution device that drops a sharp, heavy blade through the victim’s neck counterrevolution a revolution against a government established by a revolution Reign of Terror series of accusations, arrests and executions started by the Mountain MUST DIE! Taking Notes As you read the summary, use a chart like the one below to record changes in French government and society as well as those brought about by the Reign of Terror. Jacques-Louis David painted the Death of Marat Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
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