Rousseau, Robespierre, and the French Revolution
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789 Kiley Bickford University of Maine - Main Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Cultural History Commons Recommended Citation Bickford, Kiley, "Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789" (2014). Honors College. 147. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/147 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NATIONALISM IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1789 by Kiley Bickford A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for a Degree with Honors (History) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Richard Blanke, Professor of History Alexander Grab, Adelaide & Alan Bird Professor of History Angela Haas, Visiting Assistant Professor of History Raymond Pelletier, Associate Professor of French, Emeritus Chris Mares, Director of the Intensive English Institute, Honors College Copyright 2014 by Kiley Bickford All rights reserved. Abstract The French Revolution of 1789 was instrumental in the emergence and growth of modern nationalism, the idea that a state should represent, and serve the interests of, a people, or "nation," that shares a common culture and history and feels as one. But national ideas, often with their source in the otherwise cosmopolitan world of the Enlightenment, were also an important cause of the Revolution itself. The rhetoric and documents of the Revolution demonstrate the importance of national ideas. -
Burke's Writings and Speeches, Volume the Fifth, by Edmund Burke
Burke's Writings and Speeches, Volume the Fifth, by Edmund Burke. THE WORKS OF THE RIGHT HONOURABLE EDMUND BURKE IN TWELVE VOLUMES VOLUME THE FIFTH file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Owner/My%20Documents/My%20eBooks/BurkeEd/v-5.htm (1 of 424)04/06/2006 3:02:49 PM Burke's Writings and Speeches, Volume the Fifth, by Edmund Burke. London JOHN C. NIMMO 14, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND, W.C. MDCCCLXXXVII CONTENTS OF VOL. V. ● OBSERVATIONS1 ON THE CONDUCT OF THE MINORITY, PARTICULARLY IN THE LAST SESSION OF PARLIAMENT, 1793 ● PREFACE65 TO THE ADDRESS OF M. BRISSOT TO HIS CONSTITUENTS; WITH AN APPENDIX ● LETTER107 TO WILLIAM ELLIOT, ESQ., OCCASIONED BY A SPEECH MADE IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS BY THE **** OF *******, IN THE DEBATE CONCERNING LORD FITZWILLIAM, 1795 ● THOUGHTS131 AND DETAILS ON SCARCITY ● LETTER171 TO A NOBLE LORD ON THE ATTACKS MADE UPON MR. BURKE AND HIS PENSION, IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS, BY THE DUKE OF BEDFORD AND THE EARL OF LAUDERDALE, 1796 ● THREE LETTERS TO A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT ON THE PROPOSALS FOR PEACE WITH THE REGICIDE DIRECTORY OF FRANCE. ❍ LETTER233 I. ON THE OVERTURES OF PEACE ❍ LETTER342 II. ON THE GENIUS AND CHARACTER OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AS IT REGARDS OTHER NATIONS file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Owner/My%20Documents/My%20eBooks/BurkeEd/v-5.htm (2 of 424)04/06/2006 3:02:49 PM Burke's Writings and Speeches, Volume the Fifth, by Edmund Burke. ❍ LETTER384 III. ON THE RUPTURE OF THE NEGOTIATION; THE TERMS OF PEACE PROPOSED; AND THE RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY FOR THE CONTINUANCE OF THE WAR OBSERVATIONS ON THE CONDUCT OF THE MINORITY PARTICULARLY IN THE LAST SESSION OF PARLIAMENT. -
The General Will: the Evolution of a Concept Edited by James Farr and David Lay Williams Frontmatter More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05701-2 - The General Will: The Evolution of a Concept Edited by James Farr and David Lay Williams Frontmatter More information The General Will Although it originated in theological debates, the general will ultimately became one of the most celebrated and denigrated concepts emerging from early modern political thought. Jean-Jacques Rousseau made it the central element of his political theory, and it took on a life of its own during the French Revolution, before being subjected to generations of embrace or opprobrium. James Farr and David Lay Williams have collected for the first time a set of essays that track the evolving history of the general will from its origins to recent times. The General Will: The Evolution of a Concept discusses the general will’s theological, political, formal, and substantive dimensions with a careful eye toward the con- cept’s virtues and limitations as understood by its expositors and critics, among them Arnauld, Pascal, Malebranche, Leibniz, Locke, Spinoza, Montesquieu, Kant, Constant, Tocqueville, Adam Smith, and John Rawls. James Farr is Professor of Political Science and Director of the Chicago Field Studies Program at Northwestern University. He is the author of numerous essays on Locke and on the history of political thought. He is also the editor of, among other volumes, Political Innovation and Conceptual Change (Cambridge, 1989) and Political Science in History (Cambridge, 1995). David Lay Williams is Associate Professor of Political Science at DePaul University and the author of several essays on the history of political thought, as well as of Rousseau’s Platonic Enlightenment (2007) and Rousseau’s Social Contract: An Introduction (Cambridge, 2014). -
Indochina 1900-1939"
University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/35581 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. "French Colonial Discourses: the Case of French Indochina 1900-1939". Nicola J. Cooper Thesis submitted for the Qualification of Ph.D. University of Warwick. French Department. September 1997. Summary This thesis focuses upon French colonial discourses at the height of the French imperial encounter with Indochina: 1900-1939. It examines the way in which imperial France viewed her role in Indochina, and the representations and perceptions of Indochina which were produced and disseminated in a variety of cultural media emanating from the metropole. Framed by political, ideological and historical developments and debates, each chapter develops a socio-cultural account of France's own understanding of her role in Indochina, and her relationship with the colony during this crucial period. The thesis asserts that although consistent, French discourses of Empire do not present a coherent view of the nation's imperial identity or role, and that this lack of coherence is epitomised by the Franco-indochinese relationship. The thesis seeks to demonstrate that French perceptions of Indochina were marked above all by a striking ambivalence, and that the metropole's view of the status of Indochina within the Empire was often contradictory, and at times paradoxical. -
Plausibility of the “General Will” ______1
Plausibility of the “General Will” By: Nemanja Todorovic Submitted to: Central European University, Department of Philosophy In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy Supervisor: Andres Moles CEU eTD Collection Hungary, Budapest, 2011 1 Abstract: Rousseau’s influence on social and political philosophy has been formidable, and yet throughout his life and to this day his theoretical effort was constantly re-evaluated. Due to lack of clarity in his writings, his commitment to democratic ideals that seemed obscure and outdated for much of the 20 th century, and especially due to misunderstandings that accompanied his concept of the general will, Rousseau’s conception of legitimate society has received some serious and seemingly devastated criticisms. In this paper I will address myself with the most important question that seems to underline all those criticisms, namely : is the idea of the society regulated by a general ill a consistent political ideal, or does it necessarily conflate with the ‘will of all’ (will of the majority)? I address this concern, first by providing a conceptual background to Rousseau’s ideal society, specifying normative constraints that determine its subsequent framework. Second, I test the plausibility of the idea of the general will, in principle, by questioning its role in as a solution to the ‘fundamental problem’ – the possibility of reconciliation of political authority and personal autonomy. Although, I recognize that this idea has some plausibility, I conclude that it rests on some contentious epistemic considerations that need to be accounted for. I introduce these epistemic considerations in the last chapter, and I argue that Rousseau’s ideal society can in fact generate appropriate epistemic support, under the assumptions that a set of normative constraints has been satisfied. -
General Will Richard Dagger University of Richmond, [email protected]
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Political Science Faculty Publications Political Science 2001 General Will Richard Dagger University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/polisci-faculty-publications Part of the Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Dagger, Richard. "General Will." In Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences, edited by Jonathan Michie, 647-48. Vol. 1. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 2001. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Science at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GENERAL WILL 647 Copyright 2001 From Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences by Jonathan Michie. Reproduced by permission of Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, a divison of Informa plc. General will Barry, Brian, "The Public Interest" in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, supplementary vol. 3 8 ( 1964): l-18 Bosanquet, Bernard, The Philosophical Theory of the State, 4th edition, London and New York: Macmillan, 19 51 (1st edition 1899) Dent, N.J.H., Rousseau: An Introduction to His Psychological, Social, and Political Theory, Oxford and New York: Blackwell, 1988 Held, Virginia, The Public Interest and Individual Interests, New York and London: Basic Books, 1970 Jones, W.T., "Rousseau's General Will and the Problem of Consent", Journal of the History of Philosophy, 25/r ( 1987): IO 5-30 Masters, Roger D., The Political Philosophy of Rousseau, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1968 Riley, Patrick, The General Will before Rousseau: The Transformation of the Divine into the Civic, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1986 Runciman, W.G. -
Outline; Follow Them Very Carefully
The University of Calgary Historical Studies (HTST) 201 (01) The History of Europe: EUROPE SINCE 1500 Winter 2017 Class times and location: Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, 9:00 - 9:50 a.m., ICT 121 Instructor: Brad Rennie Office: SS 615 E-mail: [email protected] Office hours: 10:00 - 10:40 a.m. or by appointment Course Description: This course examines major events and developments in European history since 1500, including the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, industrialization, social and political trends, colonialism and imperialism, key wars, totalitarianism, and globalization. It also considers the origins and impact of such events and developments and how they, along with related belief systems, shaped modern western civilization. Lectures will take most of the class time, though there will be some discussions and small-group exercises. Required Readings: Marvin Perry, Sources of the Western Tradition, Volume II: From the Renaissance to the Present, Ninth Edition (2014). Available in the Bookstore. The History Student's Handbook. Free at hist.ucalgary.ca – click on "Essay Guide" on the left. Optional Reading: Marvin Perry, Western Civilization: A Brief History, Volume II: Since 1600, Eleventh Edition (2016). THIS BOOK IS ON ONE-HOUR RESERVE IN THE LIBRARY. Grading: Document analysis 15% Due February 6 Midterm 25% Two parts: Part one on February 15; part two on February 17 Research Paper 30% Due March 27 Final exam 30% Scheduled by the Registrar Exams: The exams will NOT be open book, but to help you prepare for the exams, I'll post in D2L an information sheet before each exam. -
Review the Abcs of Socialism by Bhaskar Sunkara
ISSN: 1941-0832 Review The ABCs of Socialism by Bhaskar Sunkara Reviewed by Adam Szetela THE ABCS OF SOCIALISM BY BHASKAR SUNKARA. ILLUSTRATED BY PHIL WRIGGLESWORTH (VERSO, 2016) RADICAL TEACHER 126 http://radicalteacher.library.pitt.edu No. 111 (Summer 2018) DOI 10.5195/rt.2018.501 intellectually rigorous ways. For example, I have had more The ABCs of Socialism by Bhaskar than one student recognize that the wealth of a company is a social product and not exclusively a product of individual Sunkara. Illustrated by Phil genius and the “entrepreneurial spirit.” Indeed, many of Wrigglesworth (Verso, 2016) the questions in this book — “But at least capitalism is free and democratic, right?” — rebuke much of what passes as REVIEWED BY ADAM SZETELA accepted political and economic orthodoxy in capitalist countries. In 2010, Bhaskar Sunkara started the socialist Even if this book were not used in a course, I think it magazine Jacobin, while he was an undergraduate at would be of pedagogical benefit for radical teachers to George Washington University. Since then, it has evolved read. At one level, it gives thorough responses to some of into an international force with millions of readers, the most asked questions about socialism, which any hundreds of reading groups, and an MVP-list of writers and teacher who teaches radical political and economic material supporters, who range from Noam Chomsky and the late will surely encounter. These questions range from inquiries Ellen Meiksins Wood to Dave Zirin and Chris Mathews. about the role of individual rights in a socialist society to Jacobin’s emergence has also spawned a flood of email the perennial fear that, in the absence of the profit motive, messages from people around the world who are asking socialism will stifle innovation. -
THE PHILOSOPHES Voltaire Montesquieu Rousseau
THE PHILOSOPHES Voltaire Montesquieu Rousseau Tuesday, January 21, 2014 Philosophes - public intellectuals dedicated to solving the problems of the World http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxG_d94F3Dg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Xd_zkMEgkI Tuesday, January 21, 2014 Philosophes - public intellectuals dedicated to solving the problems of the World - wrote for a broad, educated public audience http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxG_d94F3Dg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Xd_zkMEgkI Tuesday, January 21, 2014 Philosophes - public intellectuals dedicated to solving the problems of the World - wrote for a broad, educated public audience - fought to eradicate bigotry, religious fanaticism, superstition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxG_d94F3Dg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Xd_zkMEgkI Tuesday, January 21, 2014 Philosophes - public intellectuals dedicated to solving the problems of the World - wrote for a broad, educated public audience - fought to eradicate bigotry, religious fanaticism, superstition - promoted “Natural Rights” - intellectual freedom, freedom of the press and religion, human progress http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxG_d94F3Dg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Xd_zkMEgkI Tuesday, January 21, 2014 Philosophes - public intellectuals dedicated to solving the problems of the World - wrote for a broad, educated public audience - fought to eradicate bigotry, religious fanaticism, superstition - promoted “Natural Rights” - intellectual freedom, freedom of the press and religion, human progress - spread their ideas through books, essays, letters pamphlets http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxG_d94F3Dg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Xd_zkMEgkI Tuesday, January 21, 2014 PHILOSOPHES Tuesday, January 21, 2014 PHILOSOPHES - Paris was headquarters Tuesday, January 21, 2014 PHILOSOPHES - Paris was headquarters Tuesday, January 21, 2014 PHILOSOPHES - Paris was headquarters - they met in salons and coffee houses to share ideas Tuesday, January 21, 2014 PHILOSOPHES - Paris was headquarters - they met in salons and coffee houses to share ideas -Mme. -
Introduction
© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. CHAPTER 1 Introduction French Society in 1789 Historians working on the French Revolution have a problem. All of our attempts to find an explanation in terms of social groups or classes, or particular segments of society becoming powerfully activated, have fallen short. As one expert aptly expressed it: “the truth is we have no agreed general theory of why the French Revolution came about and what it was— and no prospect of one.”1 This gaping, causal void is cer- tainly not due to lack of investigation into the Revolution’s background and origins. If class conflict in the Marxist sense has been jettisoned, other ways of attributing the Revolution to social change have been ex- plored with unrelenting rigor. Of course, every historian agrees society was slowly changing and that along with the steady expansion of trade and the cities, and the apparatus of the state and armed forces, more (and more professional) lawyers, engineers, administrators, officers, medical staff, architects, and naval personnel were increasingly infusing and diversifying the existing order.2 Yet, no major, new socioeconomic pressures of a kind apt to cause sudden, dramatic change have been identified. The result, even some keen revisionists admit, is a “somewhat painful void.”3 Most historians today claim there was not one big cause but instead numerous small contributory impulses. One historian, stressing the absence of any identifiable overriding cause, likened the Revolution’s origins to a “multi- coloured tapestry of interwoven causal factors.”4 So- cial and economic historians embracing the “new social interpretation” identify a variety of difficulties that might have rendered eighteenth- century French society, at least in some respects, more fraught and vulnerable than earlier. -
Enlightenment and Dissent No.29 Sept
ENLIGHTENMENT AND DISSENT No.29 CONTENTS Articles 1 Lesser British Jacobin and Anti-Jacobin Writers during the French Revolution H T Dickinson 42 Concepts of modesty and humility: the eighteenth-century British discourses William Stafford 79 The Invention of Female Biography Gina Luria Walker Reviews 137 Scott Mandelbrote and Michael Ledger-Lomas eds., Dissent and the Bible in Britain, c. 1650-1950 David Bebbington 140 W A Speck, A Political Biography of Thomas Paine H T Dickinson 143 H B Nisbet, Gottfried Ephraim Lessing: His Life, Works & Thought J C Lees 147 Lisa Curtis-Wendlandt, Paul Gibbard and Karen Green eds., Political Ideas of Enlightenment Women Emma Macleod 150 Jon Parkin and Timothy Stanton eds., Natural Law and Toleration in the Early Enlightenment Alan P F Sell 155 Alan P F Sell, The Theological Education of the Ministry: Soundings in the British Reformed and Dissenting Traditions Leonard Smith 158 David Sekers, A Lady of Cotton. Hannah Greg, Mistress of Quarry Bank Mill Ruth Watts Short Notice 161 William Godwin. An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice ed. with intro. Mark Philp Martin Fitzpatrick Documents 163 The Diary of Hannah Lightbody: errata and addenda David Sekers Lesser British Jacobin and Anti-Jacobin Writers during the French Revolution H T Dickinson In the late eighteenth century Britain possessed the freest, most wide-ranging and best circulating press in Europe. 1 A high proportion of the products of the press were concerned with domestic and foreign politics and with wars which directly involved Britain and affected her economy. Not surprisingly therefore the French Revolution and the French Revolutionary War, impacting as they did on British domestic politics, had a huge influence on what the British press produced in the years between 1789 and 1802. -
Origins of the Worship of Reason During the French Revolution
K64 W. W. Kifner Origins of the. Worship of Reesson Durinq the French Rev-o(<jfion ORIGINS OF THE WORSHIP OF REASON DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION BY WILLIAM WALTER KITNER A. B. Illinois College, 1917 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1920 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE GRADUATE SCHOOL JUNE 5, 191 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION RY WILLIAM WALTER KTTNER ENTITLED^ ORIGINS OF THE WORSHIP OF REASON DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF_ MASTER OF ARTS Head of Department Recommendation concurred in* Committee on Final Examination* *Required for doctor's degree but not for master's .. i 915 This study was undertaken at the suggestion of Professor Albert H. Lybyer. The author wishes to express his appreciation for the courtesies extended and the valuable assistance he has given. uiuc . ORIGINS OF THE WORSHIP OF REASON DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. CONTENTS Chapters. Page Introduction. 1 I The Rise of the Gallican Church. 6 II Origins of Rationalism in France. 24 III The Eighteenth Century. 33 IV Church and State in France, 1789-93, 44 V The Formation of the Cult of Reason. 68 VI The FStes of Reason. 7b Conclusion. 80 Appendices. 7 I Alleged Correspondance between Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair, King of France. 83 II, The Council of Basel. 84 III The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges. 86 IV Doctrines of the Cult of Reason.