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Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) TRANSACTIONS RESEARCH ARTICLE TAES 140: 209-236 AMERICAN ISSO 0002-8320 ENTOMOLOGICAL http://taes.entomology-aes.org/ SOCIETY Revision of the Mexican genus Philocleon (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) Daniel Otte Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19103 email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The grasshopper genus Philocleon, with six previously known species (nigrovittatus (Stal), spatulatus Roberts, anomalus Roberts, luceroae Fontana and Buzzetti, scudderi (Hebard), and ottei Fontana & Buzzetti), is revised to include the following eight new species: zygon, zima, illa, cledon, axiton, azumai, iropon, and erissa. The subspecies nigrovittatus spatulatus Roberts is raised to species status. The fourteen species are placed into the four following species groups: Anomalus group, Illa group, Nigrovittatus group, and Scudderi group. [Key Words: Acridoidea, Acrididae, Melanoplinae, Melanoplini, Philocleon, Mexico, new species] INTRODUCTION The genus Philocleon Scudder 1897 is known Derivation of Names only from Mexico and is distributed from Coahuila Philocleon azumai is named in honor of Don and Nuevo Leon in the north to Guerrero and Azuma who served as collection manager in the Oaxaca in the south. Prior to the present study five Entomology Department of the Academy of Natural species were known: P. nigrovittatus (Stål 1875), Sciences for many years. All other names of new P. scudderi (Hebard 1932), P. anomalus Roberts species are random combinations of letters with no 1941, P. luceroae Fontana and Buzzetti 2007, and known meanings. P. ottei Fontana and Buzzetti 2007. A subspecies of nigrovittatus (Stål), P. nigrovittatus spatulatus SYSTEMATICS Roberts 1947 is here raised to species level. In this paper we recognize four species groups and add Diagnosis of Genus eight new species: P. zygon n. sp., P. illa n. sp., P. zima n. sp., P. cledon n. sp., P. axiton n. sp., P. 1. Cerci thick at base, narrowing strongly after first azumai n. sp., P. iropon n. sp., and P. erissa n. sp.. third, and strongly incurved after first half (Fig. 17). PHILOCLEON Scudder 1897 2. Furculae present, short, closely spaced, and situated in a median furrow (Figs. 17). Type species Pezotettix nigrovittatus Stal (now Philocleon 3. Aedeagus narrow and pointed (Figs. 5, 7, 9, 10, nigrovittatus nigrovittatus), by original monotypy. 12, 13). Scudder. 1897. Proceedings of the American Academy of 4. Often with brilliant yellow, green, orange, red, Arts and Sciences 32: 203, 206 >> Philocleon and black coloration (Figs. 1-4). Hebard. 1932. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 58(3): 293 >> diagnosis, type Relationship to other Melanoplinae remains species designation Roberts. 1947. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural unknown. Other genera are currently under study, Sciences Philadelphia 99: 226 >> Melanoplinae but because the subfamily and the tribe Melanoplini Fontana and Buzzetti. 2007. Atti Acc. Rov. Agiati 8 7(B): is large much work needs to be completed before 105 >> Philocleon relationships can be determined. Publication date: 15 May 2014 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:731481BE-035F-4FCE-9DC9-A86FB5AB07C2 210 REVISION OF PHILOCLEON Philocleon consists of four distinct species Nigrovittatus Group (southern Mexico)— groups, based on morphology, as follows: Anomalus nigrovittatus and spatulatus Group with two species: P. anomalus Roberts and P. zygon; Illa Group with five species: P.zima , P. illa, 1. Males and females with small elongate or oval P. cledon, P. axiton, and P. azumai; Nigrovittatus forewings, these covering auditory tympana. Group with two species: P. nigrovittatus (Stål) 2. Hind femur banded longitudinally with and P. spatulatus (Roberts); and Scudderi Group red, black and ivory; chevron dark; lower with five species: P. scudderi (Hebard), P. luceroae marginal areas black or black and red. Fontana and Buzzetti, P. ottei Fontana and Buzzetti, 3. Upper dark band of pronotum usually extending P. iropon n. sp. and P. erissa n. sp. from anterior to posterior margin. 4. Upper face of metazona of pronotum orange to IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES GROUPS red. 5. Antenna yellow green or orange. (Items in bold face are especially useful in 6. Upper posterior corner of lateral lobes of separating the species groups) pronotum without a distinct pale triangle. Anomalus Group (southern Mexico) — anomalus Scudderi Group (central and northeastern Mexico) and zygon — scudderi, luceroae, ottei, iropon, and erissa 1. Males and females with small elongate or oval 1. Males and females without any forewings and forewings; these cover the auditory tympana. without auditory tympana. 2. Hind femur green, yellow green or orange, 2. Hind femur with a row of dark markings without dark markings anterior to knees. along lower marginal area; chevron of 3. Upper dark band on pronotum extends from medial area usually very distinct, either anterior to posterior margin. green or black. 4. Upper face of metazona of pronotum green, 3. Upper dark band of pronotum usually extending never with orange, or reddish. onto metazona (and to posterior margin). 5. Antennae never yellow, orange or reddish. 4. Upper face of metazona of pronotum orange to 6. Upper posterior corner of lateral lobes of red. pronotum without a distinct pale triangle. 5. Antenna yellow green or orange. 6. Upper posterior corner of lateral lobes Illa Group (southern Mexico) — zima, illa, cledon, of pronotum always with a distinct pale axiton, and azumai triangle. 1. Males and females with small elongate or oval forewings, these covering auditory tympana. KEY TO SPECIES GROUPS AND SPECIES 2. Hind femur yellow or orange, with a single strong dark area just anterior to narrowest 1 Males and females with small forewings, and point of femur. with auditory tympana . 2 3. Upper dark band of pronotum usually extending — Males and females without forewings and from anterior to posterior margin. without auditory tympana—Scudderi Group . 4. Upper face of metazona of pronotum orange to . 10 red. 5. Antenna yellow, green, or orange. 2 Hind femora without dark marking anterior to 6. Upper posterior corner of lateral lobes of black knees; metazona without red or orange pronotum without a distinct pale triangle. coloration (Figs 2A, 2B) —Anomalus Group . 3 DANIEL OTTE 211 — Hind femora with dark marks anterior to black 9 Upper dark band of pronotum containing pale knees; metazona red or orange (Figs 2C-G, 3, 4) areas in males, variable in females (Figs 3F-H) . 4 . spatulatus — Upper dark band of pronotum solid, sometimes 3 Male genitalia as in Figs 5A-C, 6A-E (Guerrero containing pale areas in females (Figs 3A-E) and Morelos) . anomalus . nigrovittatus — Male genitalia as in Figs 5D, 6F, G (Oaxaca) . zygon 10 Chevron of hind femur greenish. Without a dark band at end of chevron (Figs 4G, H, I). 4 Hind femora with a single dark mark near Aedeagus elongate (Figs 12A-E) . 11 narrowest part of femur (Fig. 2) —Illa Group — Chevron of hind femur very dark in males (Figs . 5 4A-D). With a dark band at end of chevron. — Hind femora with widespread dark markings Aedeagus short (Figs 13A-D) . 12 along femur, black along lower marginal area (Figs 1, 3) —Nigrovittatus Group . 9 11 Lower end of lateral lobe of pronotum with a dark band extending to margin (Figs 4A, B) . 5 Hind femora with a row of dark spots on . luceroae lower marginal area and a red streak on upper — Lower end of lateral lobe of pronotum without a marginal area; and dark spot adjacent to dark band extending to margin (Fig. 4H) . narrowest part indistinct (Fig. 2C) (Colima) . ottei . zima — Hind femora without a row of dark spots on 12 Aedeagus very short (Figs 13A-D) . 13 lower marginal area; with a distinct dark mark — Aedeagus intermediate in length (Fig. 12E) adjacent to narrowest point (Figs 2D, E, F, G) (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon) . iropon . 6 13 Crest of pronotum strongly arched (Fig. 4F) 6 Pronotum strongly arched; hind femur with an (Coahuila) . erissa ivory ring at narrowest part, preceded by a broad — Crest of pronotum not strongly arched (Figs 4C, black band (Figs 1, 2E) (Nayarit) . azumai D, E, G) (San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, Durango) — Pronotum not strongly arched; femora not . scudderi marked as above (Figs 2D, F, G) . 7 7 Hind femur with scattered dark markings in chevron of medial area (Fig. 2F) (near coast of Jalisco) . axiton — Hind femur without scattered dark markings on chevron, but with a distinct dark spot adjacent to narrowest part (Figs 2D, E, G) . 8 8 Upper dark band of pronotum containing lighter markings and not extending onto metazona (Fig 2D) (Coastal Jalisco) . cledon — Upper dark band solid, and usually extending onto metazona (Fig. 2G) (Coastal Jalisco, and Colima . illa 212 REVISION OF PHILOCLEON GROUP 1: Anomalus GROUP on Hwy 190, 15 Sept 1959, 5750 feet (Cantrall and Cohn #127)—3M 2 F (Specimens H12, PH- 1. Philocleon anomalus Roberts 1941 16) (UMMZ). — MICHOACAN: Morelia, 6-8000 Figures 1, 2A, 5A-C, 6A-E, 15A, 17 feet, 4 Nov 1938 (Roberts)—6M 3F (ANSP). — GUERRERO: Mazatlan, 5000 feet, 14 Nov 1938 Philocleon anomalus Roberts. 1941. Notulae (Roberts) 1M 1F (ANSP). Naturae 76: 1. Holotype male, Mexico, Guerrero, 16 miles south of Chilpancingo, 2. Philocleon zygon new species Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E6DB6BA2-0F7B-4BAB-B36E- Philocleon anomalus. García, García and Fontana. 54B872866A96 2006. Entomologia Mexicana 5(2): 250. Figures 2B, 5D, 6F, G, 15B, 17 Philocleon anomalus. Fontana, Buzzetti and Mariño-Pérez. 2008. Chapulines, Langostas, Holotype male.— Mexico, Oaxaca, 1.7 miles Grillos y Esperanzas de México. Guía SE of El Camaron (42 miles NW of Tequisistlan fotográfica - Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets on Hwy 190), 14 Sept 1059, 2000 feet (Cantrall & Katydids of Mexico. Photographic guide & Cohn #118)—Specimen H15, University of 190-191 Michigan Museum of Zoology. Philocleon anomalus. García García, Fontana, Recognition.— Head: Antennae color pale Marini, Equihua-Martiniez, Sanchez-Escudero, brown or orange brown. Face color uniform grey- Valdez-Carrasco & Cano-Santana.
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