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Abstract PENGEMBANGAN SEKTOR PARIWISATA DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI TAHUN 2002-2013

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Abstract PENGEMBANGAN SEKTOR PARIWISATA DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI TAHUN 2002-2013 Volume 5(1) 2017 PUBLIKA BUDAYA Halaman 28-35 PENGEMBANGAN SEKTOR PARIWISATA DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI TAHUN 2002-2013 (The Development of Tourism Sector in Banyuwangi Regency 2002-2013) Hisyam Arifal Fahad, Eko Crys Endrayadi Jurusan Ilmu Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Jember (UNEJ) Jln. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This article discusses the development of tourism sector in Banyuwangi regency 2002-2013. The problems in this thesis are (1) the conditions of tourism before the government issues policies; (2) the regional government‘s efforts to develop tourism sector; (3) the impact of tourism towards economic, social, and cultural life in Banyuwangi regency. To discuss the problems, this study applies theory of modernization by using the sociology of tourism approach and historical method. Tourism is not merely an activity to find pleasure, but also the source of foreign exchange. One of regencies which can develop tourism industry is Banyuwangi. The development of tourism in this regency, in its early development, experienced fluctuation that was caused by the economic crisis and the tragedy of santet (the killings of many people who were issued having black magic in 1998-1999) that decreased Banyuwangi‘s tourism image. Such condition still run until the issue of the 2102 regional government‘s regulation as the legal standing of tourism development in Banyuwangi. This regulation has got positive response from the investors that has been showed by the construction of hotel industry, tourism destinations, and transportation which have made Banyuwangi as the centre of emergent economic department in East Java. The growth of tourism has brought new jobs for the society as the managers of tourism services and regrowing local cultures through carnival events conducted by the regional government and society. Keywords: Industry, Tourism, Banyuwangi Pendahuluan memberikan motivasi bagi masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah turut berpartisipasi dalam rangka pembangunan Pariwisata merupakan ragkaian perjalanan nasional. Adanya Otoda, maka suatu pembangunan seseorang atau kelompok dalam mengunjungi suatu diharapkan dapat berjalan lebih efektif, efisien, dan tempat ke tempat lain, tetapi tidak untuk menetap mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi. melainkan akan kembali ke tempat asal dengan tujuan Guna mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi, sektor untuk mencari kepuasan (Budisantoso, 1980: 11-19). pariwisata dipandang sebagai menjadi sektor yang Kegiatan pariwisata berkembang luas hingga menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan. Faktanya bahwa melibatkan ratusan juta manusia, baik di kalangan adanya pariwisata dapat menyumbang hingga 10% pemerintah dan masyarakat dengan biaya yang cukup dari produk domestik bruto global, sehingga pariwisata tinggi dalam ber-pariwisata (Hari Karyono, 1997: 45- menjadi industri terbesar di dunia (James Spillane, 51). Perkembangan tersebut menjadikan sektor 1987: 43-44). Besarnya pengaruh industri sektor pariwisata mengalami perubahan pola, bentuk, dan pariwisata dapat membuka lapangan kerja bagi sifat kegiatan yang dapat menguntungkan pihak masyarakat dalam bentuk usaha, bahkan negara dapat pengelola wisata dan pendapatan daerah. (James memperoleh pendapatan melalui devisa negara. Spillane, 1987: 37). Fluktuatif perkembangan sektor pariwisata justru terjadi di Indonesia hal ini karena Kabupaten Banyuwangi menjadi salah satu bagian adanya pengaruh politik yang dinilai kurang maksimal dari kabupaten yang turut berpartisipasi dalam rangka dalam mengelola aset wisatanya. Bahkan pada masa mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal melalui Orde Baru pemerintahan otoriter membuat setiap industri pariwisata. Kabupaten Banyuwangi memiliki kebijakan diputuskan hanya pada pemerintah pusat. daya tarik di sektor pariwisata yang sangat beragam. (Hanif Nurcholis, 2005: 33). Seiring pergantian Terdapat pemandangan alam seperti pantai, gunung, tatanan birokrasi dari masa Orde Baru menjadi hutan, taman nasional, budaya, dan lainnya. Pemerintahan Reformasi mengakibatkan banyaknya Berdasarkan keragaman aset pariwisata yang lebih perbaikan dan revisi terjadi pada undang-undang. Di dominan pada di kabupaten Banyuwangi yakni wisata tandai dengan adanya pemberlakuan Otoda tahun 1999 alam, maka pembangunan pariwisata yang diutamakan FIB Universitas Jember 28 Volume 5(1) 2017 PUBLIKA BUDAYA Halaman 28-35 adalah eco-tourism, dengan kata lain pengembangan Selat Bali dan Samudera Hindia (Badan Koordinasi sektor pariwisataberwawasan lingkungan dan budaya Penanaman Modal, 2013: 21). (Wawancara Dariharto, 8 Januari 2016). Keberadaan Dari suku/etnis berbagai macam terdapat di akan potensi SDA dan keankekaragaman budaya yang Kabupaten Banyuwangi seperti Suku Madura, Suku dimiliki Banyuwangi dapat membuat pembangunan Using, Suku Bali, Suku Mandar, Etnis Tionghoa dan pariwisata menjadi lebih mudah. sebagainya. Selain itu terdapat 35 macam kesenian di Dari latar belakang di atas, dapat dirumuskan Kabupaten Banyuwangi yang turut diapresiasi, beberapa pokok permasalahan yang akan dikaji dalam kesenian tersebut tidak hanya kesenian asli penelitian ini, yakni (1) Bagaimana kondisi pariwisata Banyuwangi melainkan juga kesenian hasil akluturasi Kabupaten Banyuwangi sebelum adanya kebijakan dengan budaya luar. Kesenian-kesenian tersebut antara pemerintah? (2) Upaya-upaya apa saja yang dilakukan lain: Gandrung, Angklung, Kuntulan, Hadrah, oleh pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Banyuwangi untuk Gedogan, Patrol, Barong, Janger, Jaranan, Mocoan, mengembangkan sektor pariwisata? (3) Serta apa Campursari Jowoan, Wayang Kulit, ludruk, Kendang dampak pariwisata terhadap kehidupan ekonomi, Kempul, dan Gambus. (Dariharto, 2009: 9). Beberapa sosial dan budaya masyarakat di Kabupaten kesenian tersebut, kesenian yang paling populer di Banyuwangi?. Banyuwangi adalah kesenian gandrung dan angklung. Orang Using tidak hanya tinggi daya apresiasinya, Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini ialah untuk akan tetapi orang Using juga memiliki daya kreatifitas mengetahui Potensi sektor pariwisata di Kabupaten yang tinggi dalam berkesenian. Berbicara tentang Banyuwangi sebelum ada kebijakan dari pemerintah, kesenian, maka tidak akan lepas dengan kesenian lalu menjelaskan langkah-langkah pemerintah dalam Gandrung sebagai seni tradisional, sebagai seni mengelola pariwisata di Kabupaten Banyuwangi, maka hiburan ataupun sebagai bentuk identitas budaya Using dalam hal ini dapat diketahui nantinya dampak yang sangat besar pengaruhnya dalam dunia seni ditimbulkan dari adanya kebijakan pariwisata terhadap Banyuwangi. Baik dalam bentuk tariannya, lagu- kehidupan ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya masyarakat di lagunya atau ornamen-ornamennya sangat mudah Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Adapun metode yang ditemui di Banyuwangi (Dariharto, 2009: 15). digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahapan penulisan yaitu heuristik,kritik sumber Keanekaragaman potensi alam, kekayaan seni, (intern dan ekstern), interpretasi dan historiografi budaya, dan adat tradisi Banyuwangi merupakan (Gottschalk, 1983: 32). sebuah mahkota yang harus dipelihara dan ditunjukkan kepada dunia luar. Dengan begitu, potensi tersebut Gambaran Umum Kabupaten Banyuwangi dapat bermanfaat, baik untuk masyarakat maupun pemerintah, dalam meningkatkan pendapatan asli Kabupaten Banyuwangi sebagian besar kondisi daerah. Kekayaan tersebut akan menjadi point penting ekonominya bergerak di bidang pertanian, hal ini dalam pembangunan, terutama di sektor pariwisata, dikarenakan Kabupaten Banyuwangi yang memiliki yang harus diangkat ke kancah nasional maupun 2 luas mencapai 5,782,50 km dimanfaatkan sebagai internasional. areal persawahan seluas 66.487,00 ha, sehingga sektor tersebut mempunyai pengaruh penting terhadap tingkat Kondisi Obyek-Obyek Wisata Kabupaten perekonomian masyarakat sebesar 49.18 persen. Banyuwangi Sebelum Tahun 2002 Sektor ekonomi kedua yang memiliki peranan terbesar adalah sektor perdagangan, hotel dan restoran dengan Kondisi pariwisata di Kabupaten Banyuwangi sumbangan terhadap perekonomian Kabupaten menunjukkan hasil fluktuatif dikarenakan oleh Banyuwangi sebesar 24,05 persen atau sepertiga dari beberapa hambatan yang dilalui oleh Pemerintah kegiatan ekonomi yang ada di Kabupaten Banyuwangi Daerah Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Hambatan tersebut bergerak di sektor perdagangan, hotel dan restoran. dimulai dari adanya krisis ekonomi yang melanda (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2002 : 15). Semakin perekonomian Indonesia dan peristiwa tragedi santet meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi perdagangan dan tahun 1998. Semua hambatan tersebut menimbulkan hotel tidak lepas dari posisi strategis Kabupaten dampak buruk bagi pariwisata Indonesia, sehingga Banyuwangi yang berdekatan dengan Pulau Bali, menimbulkan travel warning dari negara-negara asing kekayaan budaya dan pariwisata di Banyuwangi. bagi warga negaranya untuk melakukan kunjungan ke Berbagai jenis lokasi wisata yang ada di Banyuwangi Indonesia, termasuk ke Kabupaten Banyuwangi (Dinas seperti wisata bahari, wana wisata dan wisata buatan Pariwisata Daerah, 1994: 38). Peristiwa yang paling oleh karena secara topografi Kabupaten Banyuwangi berdampak bagi citra kepariwisataan Kabupaten berada di Bawah Pegunungan Merapi dan diapit oleh Banyuwangi yaitu peristiwa tragedi santet pada tahun 1998.Peristiwa tersebut, membuat Kabupaten FIB Universitas Jember 29 Volume 5(1) 2017 PUBLIKA BUDAYA Halaman 28-35 Banyuwangi mendapatkan citra negatif di mata untuk mengelola, mengatur, dan mengamati setiap masyarakat khususnya wisatawan yang akan pembangunan, terutama dalam memanfaatkan berkunjung
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