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A Deserving, 10, 77, 84, 87, 89, 91, 109 Absolutism, viii–x, 9, 11, 15, 25, 69, 74, 85, Destiny, 69, 90 86, 89, 90, 92 Dharma Adharma, 11, 21, 66 as moral duty, 62, 65–74 Adrsta, 90 Divine command theory, 15 Akratic Drona, 10, 20, 22, 46, 95 abstention from duty, 21 Duryodhana, 16, 21, 95 indulgence in non-duties, 21 Apad dharma, ix, 11 Applicability, vii, viii, x, 9, 10, 16, 17, 26, E 38–40, 43, 47, 49, 62, 112 Ethical Applied ethics, viii, 7, 9, 111 primacy of, 58, 61, 62, 67, 103, 107, 108, 112 Arjuna, 14, 18, 22, 69, 70, 72, 88, 89 Ethical theorizing Artha, x, 53, 93, 96–98, 100–104, 107, 108, 113 in Indian philosophy, xi, 49–62 Ethics purpose of, vii, viii, 9, 26 B spirit of, ix, 1, 40, 43, 47, 73 Badarayana, 53, 91 Baier, K., 16, 43 Beliefs F and motives, 21, 22 Flew, A., 3, 45 Bhagavad Gita, 16, 18, 19 Forgiveness Buddha, vii, 15, 86 as a conditional value, 11 Business ethics, 12, 111 Freedom, 2–5, 15, 16, 75–77, 84, 89, 113 Friedman, M., 12

C Categorical imperative, 17, 68, 70, 71, 85 G Chandogya Upanishad, 15, 67 Generalism, viii, 9, 11, 39, 45–47, 79, 85, 86 Chaturvarga, 99, 101–104 God Common usage, 93, 96, 109 as divine dispenser of deserts, 75

D H Dancy, J., 26, 31, 33, 34, 36, 39, 40, 44, 46, 89 Hare, R.M., 27, 36, 37, 39, 43, 44, 47 Defeasibility, ix, 12, 13, 17, 19, 89, 92 Hiriyanna, M., 76, 77, 81, 90

I Moral principles/theories Inapplicability intuition, 47, 70 absolute standards account for, 14, 15 justified violation of, 12, 19 Intrinsic as objective but defeasible, ix, x, 89 moral sense, 6, 7 Platonic picture of, 15 value, 107, 108, 111, 113 Moral realism vrs metaphysical realism, 25, 89 Moral scepticism, 25–28, 30 J Moral values Jivanmukti, 103, 109–111, 113 objectivity of, 26–29, 34, 36, 38, 39, 43, 44 Justified violation, ix, 10–14, 16, 19, 22, 89 secondary objectivity of, 36

K N Kama, x, 53, 74, 96–105, 107, 108, 113 Nagel, T., 26, 27, 31–34, 39, 40, 73, 89 Kane, P.V., 67, 68 Niskama karma, x, 18, 71, 83–92 Kant, I., viii, 4, 6, 33, 43, 47, 70–72 Karma vs akarma, vikarma, 71 O as incentive for right conduct/morality, 76 Objective tolerance, 33–40, 89 law of, ix, x, 75, 77–85, 88–91 Objectivity sannyasa, 99 in moral matters, 38, 48, 89 Karmic monism, 80 secondary quality model of, 32–38, 48, 89 Krishna, 10, 17, 18, 22, 46, 69–72 Kshatriya, 17, 18, 20, 22 Kuladharma, 69 P Paradharma, 20, 22 Personal identity, 80, 81, 109 L Platonic prototypes, 15 Law of karma, 75, 77–85, 88–91 Prarabdha, x, 88, 90, 101 Liberalism, 31 Primacy of the ethical, 58, 61, 62, 67, 103, Literalism, viii, 9, 31, 32, 34, 69, 72, 74 107, 108, 112 Locke, J., 57, 81 Primary objectivity, 33, 34, 40 Logical trilogy, 82, 83 Lokasangraha, 59, 71, 104 R Radhakrishnan, S., 50 M Rationality, 2–6, 11, 37, 39 Mackie, J.L., 12, 27–30, 35–37, 39, 44, 46 Rational morality, viii, 2–4, 39, 48 Mahabharat, 10, 11, 14, 16, 18, 20, 46, 66, 67, Rebirth, ix, 79–85, 88, 90–92, 109 69, 70, 73, 90, 96, 113 Reciprocal personal stance, 2, 4, 6 Man Reciprocity, 12 as naturally moral, 4 Retributive morality, x, 75–82, 88, 91, 92 McKenzie, J., 9, 15, 84 Retributivism, 81, 88 Mohanty, J.N., 51–53, 55, 62, 69–71, 80 Rgveda, 67 Moksa, vii, 15, 50, 68, 83, 97, 107 Moral accountability, 15 S action, 4, 59, 79, 85 Samanya dharma, 17–19, 69, 70, 72, 89 agent, 56, 76 Samkhya, 53, 58, 77, 84 crisis, 18 Samsara, 76, 81, 83, 84 personhood, 1–7 Sarvamukti, x, 102 progress, 72, 73, 76 Self-interest theory, 12, 25 Morality Self-transcendence, 2, 4, 5 as a precondition of moksa, 110–114 Simpson, E., 21 Index 121

Singer, P., 6, 7 V Spiritualism, x, 1, 2, 4–7, 50–52, 54, 58, 69, Value 71, 99, 101 instrumental, 108, 111 Sreya, 58, 68 intrinsic, 36, 107, 108, 111, 113 Sri Aurobindo, 20 judgement, 4, 9, 26, 35 Swadharma Varnadharma, 17–19, 69, 70, 72 as obligatory, 17, 20 Vedanta Sutra, vii, 53, 77, 91 as swabhavaja, 19, 20 Videhamukti, 103, 108–110 Virtue ethics, 7, 55

T Theistic Vedanta, 77 W Theorising in Indian ethics/philosophy, x, xi, Will 49–62 as essential in morality, 16, 26 Transcendental argument, 79 weakness of, 21, 22, 94 Transmigration, 76, 80–82, 91, 92 Willims, B., 28 Trivarga, 99, 101–104, 108 Wittgenstein, L., 21, 45, 73, 102, 108 Truth-telling, viii, 10, 12, 13, 17, 46 Typology of purusarthas, 100–105 Y Yajnavalkya, 90 U Yudhisthira, 14, 16 Universalizability and objectivity, 43–48 vis-a-vis universality, 48