Maybanks Farm, Toot Hill, Essex Preliminary

MAYBANKS FARM, TOOT HILL, ESSEX

PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

A Report to: Nicolas Tye Architects

Report No: RT-MME-121505

Date: February 2016

Triumph House, Birmingham Road, Allesley, Coventry CV5 9AZ Tel: 01676 525880 Fax: 01676 521400 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.middlemarch-environmental.com Maybanks Farm, Toot Hill, Essex RT-MME-121505 Preliminary Ecological Assessment

REPORT VERIFICATION AND DECLARATION OF COMPLIANCE

This study has been undertaken in accordance with British Standard 42020:2013 “Biodiversity, Code of practice for planning and development”.

Report Date Completed by: Checked by: Approved by: Version Paul Roebuck MSc MCIEEM (Senior Dr Philip Fermor Ecological Consultant) Colin Bundy MCIEEM Final 15/02/2016 MCIEEM CEnv and Ella Robinson BSc (Associate Director) (Managing Director) (Hons) (Ecological Project Assistant)

The information which we have prepared is true, and has been prepared and provided in accordance with the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management’s Code of Professional Conduct. We confirm that the opinions expressed are our true and professional bona fide opinions.

DISCLAIMER

The contents of this report are the responsibility of Middlemarch Environmental Ltd. It should be noted that, whilst every effort is made to meet the client’s brief, no site investigation can ensure complete assessment or prediction of the natural environment.

Middlemarch Environmental Ltd accepts no responsibility or liability for any use that is made of this document other than by the client for the purposes for which it was originally commissioned and prepared.

VALIDITY OF DATA

The findings of this study are valid for a period of 24 months from the date of survey. If works have not commenced by this date, an updated site visit should be carried out by a suitably qualified ecologist to assess any changes in the habitats present on site, and to inform a review of the conclusions and recommendations made.

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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY

Middlemarch Environmental Ltd was commissioned by Nicolas Tye Architects to carry out a Preliminary Ecological Assessment at the site of a proposed residential property at Maybanks Farm, Toot Hill, in Essex. To fulfil this brief an ecological desk study and a walkover survey (in accordance with Phase 1 Habitat Survey methodology) were undertaken.

The desk study exercise identified no European statutory sites within 5 km of the survey area, no UK statutory sites within 2 km and five non-statutory sites within 1 km. The site is not located within 10 km of a statutory site designated for bats. The closest non-statutory site is ‘Byway 26, Stanford Rivers’ LWS located 200 m west from the development site. The desk study also provided records of protected and notable species including bats, hedgehog, harvest mouse, birds, invertebrates and plants.

The walkover survey was undertaken on 1st February 2016 by Paul Roebuck, Senior Ecological Consultant. The study area is dominated by two semi-improved grassland fields, with a pond surrounded by scrub located in the centre of the site. The southern, eastern and western boundaries of the study area are predominantly delineated by hedgerows, whilst the northernmost boundary of the study area is Epping Road itself.

The key ecological features on site in relation to the works proposed are trees, hedgerows and standing water. The site also has the potential to support bats, badgers, great crested newts and nesting birds.

In order to ensure compliance with wildlife legislation and relevant planning policy, the following recommendations are made:

R1 Habitat Loss and Enhancement: In accordance with the provision of Chapter 11 of the National Planning Policy Framework (Conserving and Enhancing the Natural Environment) and Local Planning Policy, biodiversity enhancement measures should be incorporated into the landscaping scheme of any proposed works to maximise the ecological value of the site. R2 Trees and Hedgerows: Any trees and hedgerows on site, or overhanging the site, which are to be retained as a part of any proposed works should be protected in accordance with British Standard 5837: 2012 "Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction - recommendations". Protection should be installed on site prior to the commencement of any works on site. R3 Protect Watercourse: All works should be undertaken in accordance with best practice, e.g. the Environment Agency’s Pollution Prevention Guidelines, to ensure that the waterbodies within the survey area are not adversely impacted by the proposed works. R4 Foraging Bats: In line with paragraph 125 of the National Planning Policy Framework, the development should aim to limit the impact of light pollution on bats. No lighting should impact on the hedgerow and tree lines. Lighting should be designed using guidance from ‘Landscape and Urban Design for Bats and Biodiversity’ (Gunnell et al, 2012, Bat Conservation Trust). R5 Badger: It is recommended that a badger survey is undertaken to determine whether any setts are located within 30 m of the proposed development area. Should badger setts be identified a badger activity survey may be required. R6 Terrestrial Mammals including Badger and Hedgehog: Any excavations that need to be left overnight should be covered or fitted with mammal ramps to ensure that any animals that enter can safely escape. Any open pipework with an outside diameter of greater than 120 mm must be covered at the end of each work day to prevent animals entering/becoming trapped. R7 Great Crested Newt: A great crested newt Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) assessment should be undertaken for all ponds identified within 500 m of the edge of the proposed development where considered necessary. Great crested newt Habitat Suitability Index assessments can be carried out at any time of year, although if possible it is preferable to carry out the assessments between March and October. R8 Nesting Birds: Vegetation and building clearance should be undertaken outside the nesting bird season. The nesting bird season is weather dependent but generally extends between March and September inclusive.

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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 4

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ...... 4 1.2 SITE DESCRIPTION AND CONTEXT ...... 4 1.3 DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED ...... 4 2. METHODOLOGIES...... 5

2.1 DESK STUDY ...... 5 2.2 PHASE 1 HABITAT SURVEY ...... 5 3. DESK STUDY RESULTS ...... 6

3.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 6 3.2 NATURE CONSERVATION SITES ...... 6 3.3 PROTECTED / NOTABLE SPECIES ...... 7 3.4 INVASIVE SPECIES ...... 9 4. PHASE 1 HABITAT SURVEY ...... 10

4.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 10 4.2 SURVEY CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS ...... 10 4.3 HABITATS ...... 10 4.4 FAUNA ...... 11 4.5 INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ...... 11 5. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 12

5.1 SUMMARY OF PROPOSALS ...... 12 5.2 NATURE CONSERVATION SITES ...... 12 5.3 HABITATS ...... 12 5.4 PROTECTED/NOTABLE SPECIES ...... 13 5.5 INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ...... 15 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 16

6.1 NATURE CONSERVATION SITES ...... 16 6.2 HABITATS ...... 16 6.3 PROTECTED / NOTABLE SPECIES ...... 16 6.4 INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ...... 17 7. DRAWINGS ...... 18 8. PHOTOGRAPHS ...... 20 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 22 APPENDICES ...... 23

APPENDIX 1 ...... 24 APPENDIX 2 ...... 28 APPENDIX 3 ...... 35

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND In January 2016, Nicolas Tye Architects commissioned Middlemarch Environmental Ltd to undertake an initial ecological appraisal of the site of a proposed development at Maybanks Farm, Toot Hill in Essex. This assessment is required to inform a planning application associated with a three bedroom residential dwelling with associated landscaping and access.

To assess the existing ecological interest of the site an ecological desk study was carried out, and a walkover survey was undertaken on 1st February 2016. In addition, Middlemarch Environmental Ltd has been commissioned to undertake the following assessments:  Pre-development Arboricultural Survey (RT-MME-121506-01); and,  Arboricultural Impact Assessment (RT-MME-121506-02).

1.2 SITE DESCRIPTION AND CONTEXT The site under consideration, hereinafter referred to as the study area, is an irregular shaped parcel of land approximately 13.4 ha in size which is located directly adjacent to Toot Hill Golf Course in Ongar, Essex at Ordnance Survey Grid Reference Tl 51314 01861.

The study area is dominated by two semi-improved grassland fields, with a pond surrounded by scrub located in the centre of the site. The southern, eastern and western boundaries of the study area are predominantly delineated by field margins and hedgerows, whilst the northernmost boundary of the study area is Epping Road itself. The topography of the study area is varied with general slopes down to its south- western, south-eastern, north-eastern and north-western corners evident.

The surrounding landscape is rural in character dominated by agricultural fields and pockets of woodland.

1.3 DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED The conclusions and recommendations made in this report are based on information provided by the client regarding the scope of the project. Documentation made available by the client is listed in Table 1.1.

Document Name / Drawing Number Author Site Analysis and Strategy: 1694.00.00 Nicolas Tye Architects Initial Concept: 1694.01.01 Nicolas Tye Architects Initial Concept: 1694.01.02 Nicolas Tye Architects Table 1.1: Documentation Provided by Client

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2. METHODOLOGIES

2.1 DESK STUDY An ecological desk study was undertaken to determine the presence of any designated nature conservation sites and protected species in proximity to the site. This involved contacting appropriate statutory and non- statutory organisations which hold ecological data relating to the survey area. Middlemarch Environmental Ltd then assimilated and reviewed the desk study data provided by these organisations.

The consultees for the desk study were:  Natural England - MAGIC website for statutory conservation sites;  Essex Field Club; and,  Essex Wildlife Trust.

The desk study included a search for European statutory nature conservation sites within a 5 km radius of the site (extended to 10 km for any statutory site designated for bats), UK statutory sites within a 2 km radius and non-statutory sites and protected/notable species records within a 1 km radius.

The data collected from the consultees is discussed in Chapter 3. Selected raw data is provided in Appendix 1. In compliance with the terms and conditions relating to its commercial use, the full desk study data provided by Essex Wildlife Trust is not provided within this report. In compliance with the terms and conditions relating to its commercial use, the full desk study date provided by Essex Field Club is provided in Appendix 3.

The desk study also included a review of relevant local planning policy with regard to biodiversity and nature conservation (see Appendix 2).

2.2 PHASE 1 HABITAT SURVEY The walkover survey was conducted following the Phase 1 Habitat Survey methodology of the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC, 2010) and the Institute of Environmental Assessment (IEA, 1995). Phase 1 Habitat Survey is a standard technique for classifying and mapping British habitats. The aim is to provide a record of habitats that are present on site. During the survey, the presence, or potential presence, of protected species was noted.

Whilst every effort is made to notify the client of any plant species listed on Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981, as amended) present on site, it should be noted that this is not a specific survey for these species.

Data recorded during the field survey are discussed in Chapter 4.

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3. DESK STUDY RESULTS

3.1 INTRODUCTION All relevant ecological data provided by the consultees was reviewed and the results from these investigations are summarised in Sections 3.2 and 3.3. Selected data are provided in Appendix 1.

3.2 NATURE CONSERVATION SITES There were no statutory sites identified within a proximity to the survey area. Non-statutory nature conservation sites located in proximity to the survey area are summarised in Table 3.1.

Proximity to Site Name Designation Description Survey Area Non-statutory Sites Although of recent origin, this wood has the composition and structure similar to several ancient woodlands found in the district. This site comprises an ancient lane and an area of broadleaved woodland that was planted between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The wood comprises a canopy principally of hornbeam Carpinus betulus coppice with pedunculate oak Quercus robur standards and scattered silver birch Betula pendula. Elder Sambucus nigra typifies the shrub canopy of the Byway 26, Stanford Rivers LWS 200 m west wood. A ground flora predominantly of bramble Rubus fruticosus agg forms a thin covering throughout the woodland with other areas of locally frequent dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis. Patches of bluebell Hyacinthoides non- scripta and yellow archangel Lamiastrum galeobdolon are found on the lower slopes towards the north edge of the wood. Other species recorded include three-nerved sandwort Moehringia trinervia and scaly male-fern Dryopteris affinis. This large ancient wood has a canopy comprising hornbeam (coppice with occasional areas of tall ash Fraxinus excelsior coppice. Beech Fagus sylvatica standards have been planted throughout. The wood lacks any extensive shrub canopy, but does include scattered elder, Blackthorn Prunus spinosa and spindle Euonymus europaeus, found towards the margins. Wild Service-tree Sorbus torminalis, which has a strong affinity with ancient woodland, is also found. Along the southern Knightsland Wood LWS, AW 440 m south margin grows buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica, a plant associated with calcareous soils. Under more open canopy areas tussocky tufted hair- grass Deschampsia cespitosa exploits a damp substrate. Amongst the ground flora, a large population of early-purple orchids Orchis mascula is of particular note. Other species in the ground flora include bluebell, wood spurge Euphorbia amygdaloides, primrose Primula vulgaris, cowslip P. veris, goldilocks buttercup Ranunculus auricomus and yellow archangel. Table 3.1: Summary of Nature Conservation Sites (Cont.)

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Proximity to Site Name Designation Description Survey Area Although not listed in the Ancient Woodland Inventory, the general structure, flora and in particular the presence of wild service-tree Sorbus torminalis, which has a strong affinity with ancient woodland, suggests that it might be. This ridge- top broadleaved woodland contains a canopy dominated by coppiced hornbeam Carpinus betulus with pedunculate oak standards and 870 m south- Northlands Wood LWS scattered field maple Acer campestre and silver west birch with almost no understorey or shrub layer. Of particular interest are wild service-tree trees and many regenerating saplings found in the south east corner of the wood. A somewhat sparse ground flora throughout contains bramble and creeping soft-grass Holcus mollis, except for the eastern and southern margins of the wood where bluebell is frequent. These woods and “ghost” hedge boundary feature are remnants of a very historic landscape feature LWS, (part 880 m north- and have cultural as well as ecological value as Ongar Park Woods AW) west ancient woodland and hedge bank habitat. Areas of more recent woodland provide habitat extensions to these small remaining fragments. This woodland type falls within the remit of the UK Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland (UK) BAP. This small rectangular broadleaved wood comprises ash coppice and standards dominating the centre of the wood, with hornbeam, elm Ulmus sp. and pedunculate oak generally confined to the periphery. Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and elder form a very scattered shrub canopy. The Wood, Berwick Farm LWS 970 m south high light penetration has resulted in cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris and dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis dominating much of the ground flora. Bluebells are found, but in very small numbers. Additional ancient woodland indicator species recorded include three-nerved sandwort Moehringia trinervia and black bryony Tamus communis. Key: LWS: Local Wildlife Site AW: Ancient Woodland Table 3.1: (Cont.) Summary of Nature Conservation Sites

In addition to those in Table 3.1, an additional six areas of ancient woodland were identified within a 2 km radius of the survey area.

Although there are no Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) within a 2 km radius of the survey area the site falls within a SSSI Impact Risk Zones. However due to the presence of several designated sites within the wider landscape it is unclear which SSSI the risk zone relates to. The risk categories comprise infrastructure, air pollution, combustion and discharges.

3.3 PROTECTED / NOTABLE SPECIES Table 3.2 and the following text provide a summary of protected and notable species records within a 1 km radius of the study area. It should be noted that the absence of records should not be taken as confirmation that a species is absent from the search area.

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Most Proximity of Species of Legislation / No. of Local Species Recent Nearest Record Principal Conservation Records BAP? Record to Study Area Importance? Status

Mammals-bats Common pipistrelle ECH 4, 3 2008 Potentially on site+ -  Pipistrellus pipistrellus WCA 5, WCA 6

Mammals-other

Hedgehog 2 1999 100 m north-west  - WCA 6 Erinaceus europaeus Harvest mouse 3 1999 220 m east  - - Micromys minutus

Birds

Barn owl Potentially within 2 2013 - - WCA1i Tyto alba a 1 km radius* Eurasian hobby Potentially within 1 2013 - - WCA1i Falco subbuteo a 1 km radius* Fieldfare Potentially within 8 2013 - - WCA1i Turdus pilaris a 1 km radius* Peregrine Potentially within 1 2013 - - WCA1i Falco peregrinus a 1 km radius* Redwing Potentially within 6 2013 - - WCA1i Turdus iliacus a 1 km radius* Northern goshawk Potentially within 1 2013 - - WCA1i Accipiter gentilis a 1 km radius* Kingfisher Potentially within 2 2013 - - WCA1i Alcedo atthis a 1 km radius* Red kite Potentially within 6 2013 - - WCA1i Milvus milvus a 1 km radius*

Terrestrial invertebrates

Small heath butterfly Potentially within 4 1996  - - Coenonympha pamphilus a 1 km radius* Table 3.2: Summary of Protected/Notable Species Records Within 1 km of Survey Area (continues)

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Most Proximity of Species of Legislation / No. of Local Species Recent Nearest Record Principal Conservation Records BAP? Record to Study Area Importance? Status Higher and lower plants

Bluebell Potentially within 4 2013 - - WCA 8 S13(2) Hyacinthoides non-scripta a 1 km radius* Grey tooth fungus Potentially within 1 2013  - - Phellodon melaleucus a 1 km radius* Key: #: Dependent on species. *: Grid reference provided was four figures only. +: Grid reference provided was six figures and as such, the record may be located within 100 m of the study site.

ECH 4: Annex IV of the European Communities Council Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and Wild Fauna and Flora. Animal and plant species of community interest in need of strict protection.

WCA 1i: Schedule 1 Part 1 of Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). Birds protected by special penalties at all times. WCA 5: Schedule 5 of Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). Protected animals (other than birds). WCA 6: Schedule 6 of Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). Animals which may not be killed or taken by certain methods. WCA 8: Schedule 8 of Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). Protected plants and fungi. WCA 8 S13(2): Schedule 8 Section 13(2) of Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). Protection limited to selling, offering for sale, possessing or transporting for purpose of sale, or advertising for sale, any live or dead plant, or any part of, or anything derived from, such plant.

Species of Principal Importance: Species of Principal Importance for Nature Conservation in England. Local BAP: Essex Biodiversity Action Plan

Note. This table does not include reference to the Berne Convention (Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats), the Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Table 3.2 (continued): Summary of Protected/Notable Species Records Within 1 km of Survey Area

In addition to those listed in Table 3.2 the desk study provided records of the following notable species within a 1 km radius of the survey area:

Birds The desk study provided several records of birds listed as Species of Principal Importance, these comprised: cuckoo Cuculus canorus, linnet Carduelis cannabina, dunnock Prunella modularis, bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula, herring gull Larus argentatus, house sparrow Passer domesticus, lapwing Vanellus vanellus, sky lark Alauda arvensis, song thrush Turdus philomelos, spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striata, yellow wagtail Motacilla flava and yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella.

Invertebrates Records of spider Achaearanea simulans (Nationally Notable) and true fly Tipula staegeri (Essex Red Data List) were provided.

Plants Records of several plants listed on the Essex Red Data List were provided, comprising broad leaved helleborine Epipactis helleborine, fern Dryopteris affinis subsp. affinis, lady fern Athyrium filix-femina, opposite leaved golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, short fruited willow herb Epilobium obscurum, sulphur clover Trifolium ochroleucon, brown sedge Carex disticha and pepper saxifrage Silaum silaus. Records of lesser screw moss Syntrichia virescens (Nationally Scarce) were also provided.

3.4 INVASIVE SPECIES No records of invasive plant species were recorded on site during the field survey. It should be noted that the absence of records should not be taken as confirmation that a species is absent from the search area.

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4. PHASE 1 HABITAT SURVEY

4.1 INTRODUCTION The results of the Phase 1 Habitat Survey are presented in the following sections. An annotated Phase 1 Habitat Survey Drawing (Drawing C121505-01) is provided in Chapter 7. This drawing illustrates the location and extent of all habitat types recorded on site. Any notable features or features too small to map are detailed using target notes. Photographs taken during the field survey are presented in Chapter 8.

The survey was carried out on 1st February 2016 by Paul Roebuck (Senior Ecological Consultant). Table 4.1 details the weather conditions at the time of the survey.

Parameter Condition Temperature (ºC) 12 Cloud (%) 80 Wind (Beaufort) F4 Precipitation Nil Table 4.1: Weather Conditions During Field Survey

4.2 SURVEY CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS February is not an optimal time for completing botanical assessments however, given the nature of the habitats present, this was not considered to be a significant constraint to a robust initial site assessment.

4.3 HABITATS The following habitat types were recorded on site during the field survey:  Buildings;  Dense scrub;  Fence;  Hardstanding;  Scattered trees;  Species poor semi-improved neutral grassland;  Species-poor intact hedgerow;  Species-rich hedgerow with trees; and,  Standing water.

These habitats are described below. They are ordered alphabetically, not in order of ecological importance.

Buildings A single large agricultural shed mainly constructed with corrugated material was present towards the north of the site. It was in good condition and supported no significant areas of vegetation.

Dense scrub An area of dense scrub was present surrounding the standing water consisting mainly of hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. with occasional blackthorn Prunus spinosa, oak Quercus sp. and ash Fraxinus excelsior.

Fence A wooden and barbed wire fence delineated a part of the site, which was approximately 1. 5 m in height and generally devoid of any vegetation (Plate 1).

Hardstanding Hardstanding pathways and access roads were present to the north of the site (Plate 2).

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Scattered trees An individual scattered tree, a young holm oak Quercus ilex, was located to the north of the site (Plate 3). It was in a good condition and was between 5 – 10 m in height.

Species poor semi-improved neutral grassland Two large areas of open fields were present (Plate 4), with species typical of neutral grassland including false oat-grass Arrhenatherum elatius, perennial rye-grass Lolium perenne, crested dog’s-tail Cynosurus cristatus and meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris. Small stands of dock Rumex sp., nettle Urtica dioca and thistle Cirsium sp. were evident towards the fringes of this habitat. A spoil heap was also located in the north area of the southern field that included ruderal species and some grass cuttings (Target note 1). The current use of the land is unknown, although it appears to be subject to occasional grazing and/or mowing regimes.

Species-poor intact hedgerow A recently planted hedgerow was located along the western boundary comprising hawthorn (Plate 5). Two old birds’ nests were present in this area (Target note 3).

Species-rich hedgerow with trees Hedgerows and trees form boundaries of the fields (Plate 6). Dominant trees included mature and semi- mature oak, ash and field maple Acer campestre. Other occasional species were more typical of hedgerow habitat including hawthorn, blackthorn, elder Sambucus nigra. elm Ulmus sp. and dog rose Rosa canina. There was an understorey with occasional ivy Hedera helix, nettle and bramble. A number of trees were dead including an ash with rot holes (Target note 2).

Standing water An area of standing water was located within the dense scrub in the centre of the site between the two fields (Plate 7). No aquatic plants were recorded in the waterbody and it was bordered on all sides by dense scrub vegetation.

4.4 FAUNA During the survey field signs of faunal species were recorded. The time of year at which the survey is undertaken will affect species or field signs directly recorded during the survey.

Birds The following bird species were observed on site during the field survey: pied wagtail Motacilla alba and robin Erithacus rubecula.

4.5 INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES There were no invasive plant species noted on site at the time of survey.

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5. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

5.1 SUMMARY OF PROPOSALS It is understood that the proposed development will comprise the construction of a three bedroom house with associated landscaping and access areas. This will involve the loss of a section of the semi-improved neutral grassland and dense scrub habitat and will also impact the area of standing water. At the time of writing, it is understood that this proposed development will not involve the loss of the hedgerows and trees. However, if these habitats are to be impacted, the discussions and conclusions provided in this report will need to be reviewed.

5.2 NATURE CONSERVATION SITES The desk study exercise identified no European statutory sites within 5 km of the survey area, no UK statutory sites within 2 km, six ancient woodlands within 2 km and five non-statutory sites within 1 km. The site is not located within 10 km of a statutory site designated for bats. The significance of these sites to the proposed development is discussed below.

SSSI Impact Risk Zone The survey area falls into a SSSI impact risk zone of a nature conservation site. The proposed development does not fall into a risk category of this risk zone (please see Appendix 1 for more information) and therefore, it is considered unlikely that it will adversely impact any statutory sites. Therefore, statutory sites are not a notable consideration for the proposed development.

Non-Statutory Sites and Ancient Woodlands ‘Byway 26, Stanford Rivers’ Local Wildlife Site is the closest nature conservation site and is located 200 m west. The remaining conservation sites are located 440 m or more from the survey area. Given the small scale nature of the proposed development and these conservation sites, it is considered unlikely that the proposed development will adversely impact any non-statutory sites and ancient woodlands. Therefore, they are not a notable consideration for the proposed development.

5.3 HABITATS The ecological importance of the habitats present on site is determined by their presence on the list of Habitats of Principal Importance in England and on the Local BAP. It also takes into account the intrinsic value of the habitat. Those habitats which are considered to be of intrinsic importance and have the potential to be impacted by the site proposals are highlighted as notable considerations.

A discussion of the implications of the site proposals with regard to the habitats present on site is provided in the text below. A separate discussion of the value of the habitats on site to protected or notable species is provided in Section 5.4.

Scattered trees It is understood that the individual scattered tree will be retained as part of the proposed development. However, the construction phase of the development may cause accidental damage to this tree. Therefore, a recommendation regarding the protection of retained trees has been made in Section 6.2.

Species-poor intact hedgerow ‘Hedgerows’ are a Habitat of Principal Importance for Nature Conservation in England if they measure over 20 m in length and less than 5 m in width, consist predominantly of at least one woody UK native species, and any gaps measure less than 5 m in width. It is considered that this hedgerow meets with these criteria and is therefore a habitat of principal importance. Hedgerows are also considered to be priority habitats on the local BAP. It is understood that this hedgerow is to be retained as part of the proposed development. This hedgerow may be subject to accidental damage during the construction phase of the development. Therefore, a recommendation regarding the protection of this habitat has been made in Section 6.2.

Species-rich hedgerow with trees ‘Hedgerows’ are a Habitat of Principal Importance for Nature Conservation in England if they measure over 20 m in length and less than 5 m in width, consist predominantly of at least one woody UK native species, and any gaps measure less than 5 m in width. It is considered that these hedgerows meet with these criteria

Middlemarch Environmental Ltd. Page 12 Maybanks Farm, Toot Hill, Essex RT-MME-121505 Preliminary Ecological Assessment and therefore are habitats of principal importance. Hedgerows are also considered to be priority habitats on the local BAP. The mature and semi-mature trees also present within this hedgerow are of intrinsic value, as they will not be easily replaced in the short to medium term. It is understood that these hedgerows will not be lost to facilitate the proposed development; however, they may be accidentally damaged during the construction phase of the development. Therefore, they are a notable consideration for the proposed development and a recommendation in relation to this habitat has been made in Section 6.2.

Standing water ‘Ponds’ are a Habitat of Principal Importance for Nature Conservation in England if they meet one or more of the relevant criteria (e.g. contain species of high conservation importance, such as great crested newt). An initial site visit does not allow ponds to be assessed for these criteria and as such, there is potential for the ponds on site to qualify as Habitats of Principal Importance for Nature Conservation in England. It is understood that this habitat will be impacted by the proposed development. Therefore, a recommendation has been made in Section 6.1.

Buildings, dense scrub, fence and hardstanding The remaining habitats on site are well represented locally, have low-species diversity or can easily be replaced within the new development. Therefore, they are not a notable consideration for the proposed development.

Habitats considered to be of relevance to the proposed development are summarised in Table 5.1.

Habitat Local BAP Habitat Type of Principal Summary of Potential Impacts Habitat? Importance? Scattered trees - - Accidental damage Species-poor intact -  Accidental damage hedgerow Species-rich hedgerow   Accidental damage with trees Standing water ?* - Unknown *: Initial site visit does not allow full assessment to take place against published criteria. Table 5.1: Summary of Potential Impacts on Notable Habitats

5.4 PROTECTED/NOTABLE SPECIES The following paragraphs consider the likely impact of the site proposals on protected or notable species. This is based on those species highlighted in the desk study exercise (Chapter 3) and other species for which potentially suitable habitat occurs within or adjacent to the survey area.

Mammals Bats The desk study provided records of one species of bat, common pipistrelle, within a 1 km radius of the survey area. The closest record was located potentially on site. The building on site does not provide a suitable roosting location for bats, as it is primarily in a good condition and is generally unfavourable for roosting. Most of the trees within the survey area are in good condition and therefore are unsuitable for providing roosting opportunities. However, a number of mature trees including ash and oak may contain rot holes and other crevices suitable for roosting. It is understood that these trees will not be impacted by the proposed development and therefore, roosting bats are not a notable consideration.

The hedgerows and trees may provide suitable foraging and commuting habitat for bats and provide connectivity to the wider landscape. Any lighting, permanent or temporary, which may illuminate this habitat may cause a fragmentation of suitable habitat for bats. Therefore, foraging and commuting bats are a notable consideration for the proposed development and a recommendation has been made in Section 6.3.

Badger The desk study provided no records of badger within a 1 km radius of the survey area. No evidence of badgers using the site was noted at the time of survey, such as setts or foraging signs. However, the

Middlemarch Environmental Ltd. Page 13 Maybanks Farm, Toot Hill, Essex RT-MME-121505 Preliminary Ecological Assessment topography and habitats on site provide suitable sett building habitat for badgers. The survey area is also well connected to suitable habitat in the wider landscape. As badgers are mobile mammals, they may colonise the survey area in the intervening time period. The proposed development may result in direct harm/injury to badgers as well as a loss of suitable habitat. Therefore, badgers are a notable consideration for the proposed development and a recommendation has been made in Section 6.3.

Hedgehog The desk study provided two records of hedgehog within a 1 km radius of the survey area, with the closest record being located 100 m north-west. The survey area, and in particular the hedgerows, provide suitable foraging and refuge habitat for hedgehogs. Hedgehogs may pass through the site to access this suitable habitat and therefore, the construction phase of the development may cause direct harm/injury to hedgehog. Therefore, hedgehog are a notable consideration for the proposed development and a recommendation for the protection of hedgehogs has been made in Section 6.3.

Harvest mouse The desk study provided three records of harvest mouse within a 1 km radius of the survey area, with the closest record being located 220 m east. As the grassland is short and subject to regular disturbance, it is unlikely for harvest mouse to be present on site. Therefore, harvest mice are not a notable consideration for the proposed development.

Hazel dormouse The desk study provided no records of dormouse within a 1 km radius of the survey area. The hedgerows offer a food source and suitable refuge habitat for hazel dormouse. There is also good connectivity to the wider landscape. As it is understood that these hedgerows are to be retained, it is not anticipated that the proposed development will adversely impact this species. Therefore, they are not a notable consideration.

Reptiles The desk study provided no records of reptiles within a 1 km radius of the survey area. The majority of the survey area does not provide suitable habitat for reptiles, as the grassland is short and subject to regular disturbance. There is good connectivity to suitable habitat in the wider landscape; however, as more valuable habitat is located in the surroundings and much of the site is unfavourable, it is unlikely that reptiles will be present on site. Therefore, reptiles are not a notable consideration for the proposed development.

Amphibians The desk study provided no records of amphibians within a 1 km radius of the survey area. The majority of the survey area does not provide suitable terrestrial habitat for amphibians, as the grassland is subject to regular disturbance. However, the standing water on site may provide suitable breeding habitat for amphibians and reference to Ordnance Survey data and aerial imagery indicates that there are at least seventeen waterbodies within a 500 m radius that may provide suitable breeding habitat. The proposed development may therefore cause direct harm/injury to amphibians and in particular, great crested newts. Therefore, great crested newts are a notable consideration for the proposed development and a recommendation has been made in Section 6.3.

Birds The desk study provided records of eight species of birds listed as Schedule 1 on the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) within a 1 km radius of the survey area. The specific breeding ranges and habitat requirements of these species mean that there is either a low risk or no risk of these birds nesting or foraging within the survey area. Furthermore, as it is understood that the trees and hedgerows are to be retained, it is not anticipated that the proposed development will adversely impact these species.

Numerous other notable bird species were also identified within the desk study, as well as various bird species being observed on site at the time of survey. The hedgerows, trees and building provide suitable habitat for common nesting bird species within the survey area. If the proposed works are undertaken in the bird nesting season then there is potential for impact upon nesting birds and as such, a recommendation has been made in Section 6.3. Due to the limited extent of potential nesting and foraging habitat to be removed and the presence of alternative features within the local vicinity, it is considered that the works should not adversely impact birds in the long-term. Nevertheless, as some loss of habitat will occur, enhancement recommendations are provided within Section 6.2.

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Invertebrates The desk study provided numerous records of notable invertebrates within a 1 km radius of the survey area. The larval food plants of the notable species were not noted on site at the time of survey and the specific habitat requirements were not present. Therefore, notable invertebrate species are not a notable consideration for the proposed development. Nevertheless potential habitat enhancement recommendations are provided within Section 6.2.

Plants The desk study provided numerous records of plants within a 1 km radius of the survey area. None of these plants were noted on site at the time of survey. There was also no suitable habitat for these plants within the site boundaries. Therefore, notable plants are not a notable consideration for the proposed development.

Other Species The following protected species are not considered to be material considerations due to the lack of desk study records and absence of suitable habitats within the development site: water vole Arvicola amphibius, otter Lutra lutra and white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes.

Summary Species considered to be of relevance to the proposed development are summarised in Table 5.2.

Species Species / Species Local BAP of Principal Summary of Potential Impacts Group Species? Importance? Bats # # Fragmentation of habitat by lighting Badger - - Direct harm/injury, loss of suitable habitat Hedgehog  - Direct harm/injury, loss of suitable habitat Great crested newts   Direct harm/injury, loss of suitable habitat Birds # # Direct harm/injury, loss of suitable habitat #: Dependent on species Table 5.2: Summary of Potential Impacts on Notable Species

5.5 INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES There were no records of invasive plant species identified within a 1 km radius of the survey area and none noted on site at the time of survey. Therefore, invasive plant species are not a notable consideration for the proposed development. A summary of legislation and policy relevant to the ecology of the site is included in Appendix 2.

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6. RECOMMENDATIONS

All recommendations provided in this section are based on Middlemarch Environmental Ltd’s current understanding of the site proposals, correct at the time the report was compiled. Should the proposals alter, the conclusions and recommendations made in the report should be reviewed to ensure that they remain appropriate.

6.1 NATURE CONSERVATION SITES There are no recommendations to be made in regard to nature conservation sites.

6.2 HABITATS The following recommendations are made regarding the habitats present on site:

R2 Trees and Hedgerows: Any trees and hedgerows on site, or overhanging the site, which are to be retained as a part of any proposed works should be protected in accordance with British Standard 5837: 2012 "Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction - recommendations". Protection should be installed on site prior to the commencement of any works on site.

R3 Protect Watercourse: All works should be undertaken in accordance with best practice, e.g. the Environment Agency’s Pollution Prevention Guidelines, to ensure that the waterbodiy within the survey area are not adversely impacted by the proposed works.

6.3 PROTECTED / NOTABLE SPECIES To ensure compliance with wildlife legislation and relevant planning policy, the following recommendations are made:

R4 Foraging Bats: In line with paragraph 125 of the National Planning Policy Framework, the development should aim to limit the impact of light pollution on bats through the careful use of lighting in critical areas only and at a low level with minimum spillage. No lighting should impact on the hedgerow and tree lines. Lighting should be designed using guidance from ‘Landscape and Urban Design for Bats and Biodiversity’ (Gunnell et al, 2012, Bat Conservation Trust).

R5 Badger: Given the suitable habitat present within the survey area and connectivity to adjacent habitat that is suitable for badgers, it is recommended that a badger survey is undertaken to determine whether any setts are located within 30 m of the proposed development area. Should badger setts be identified a badger activity survey may be required. Badger surveys can be completed at any time of the year. Should a badger sett be identified that will be required to be

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disturbed or closed, works to the badger sett will require a licence from Natural England. Badger setts can be closed between July and November inclusive.

R6 Terrestrial Mammals including Badger and Hedgehog: Any excavations that need to be left overnight should be covered or fitted with mammal ramps to ensure that any animals that enter can safely escape. Any open pipework with an outside diameter of greater than 120 mm must be covered at the end of each work day to prevent animals entering/becoming trapped.

R7 Great Crested Newt: A great crested newt Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) assessment should be undertaken for all ponds identified for up to 500 m of the edge of the proposed development where considered necessary. Great crested newt Habitat Suitability Index assessments can be carried out at any time of year, although if possible it is preferable to carry out the assessments between March and October. If suitable great crested newt breeding ponds are identified with connecting habitat to the proposed development site it is likely that a full great crested newt survey will be required.

R8 Nesting Birds: Vegetation and building clearance should be undertaken outside the nesting bird season. The nesting bird season is weather dependent but generally extends between March and September inclusive. If this is not possible then any vegetation and buildings to be removed or disturbed should be checked by an experienced ecologist for nesting birds immediately prior to works commencing. If birds are found to be nesting any works which may affect them would have to be delayed until the young have fledged and the nest has been abandoned naturally.

6.4 INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES There are no recommendations to be made in regard to invasive plant species.

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7. DRAWINGS

Drawing C121505-01 – Phase 1 Habitat Map

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Project Legend Maybanks Farm, Toot Hill, Essex Drawing Site boundary H! Target note Phase 1 Habitat Map 1. Spoil heap Client &§ Scattered tree 2. Ash tree with rot holes Nicholas Tye Architects | | | | | | | Drawing Number Revision Fence 3. 2 bird nests in hedge C C121505-01-01 00 1

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Neutral semi-improved Triumph House, Birmingham Road, Allesley, Coventry CV5 9AZ SI grassland T:01676 525880 F:01676 521400 E:[email protected] Standing water This drawing is based on topographical survey "TS16-031S-2D.dwg", $ supplied by the client. Maybanks Farm, Toot Hill, Essex RT-MME-121505 Preliminary Ecological Assessment

8. PHOTOGRAPHS

Plate 1: Fence Plate 2: Hardstanding

Plate 3: Scattered tree Plate 4: Semi-improved neutral grassland

Plate 5: Species-poor intact hedgerow Plate 6: Species-rich hedgerow with trees

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Plate 7: Standing water

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REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

British Standards Institution (2013). British Standard 42020: 2013. Biodiversity – Code of practice for planning and development. British Standards Institution, London.

British Standards Institution. (2012). British Standard 5837:2012, Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction – recommendations. British Standards Institution, London.

Department for Communities and Local Government (2012). National Planning Policy Framework. Available: http://www.communities.gov.uk/planningandbuilding/planningsystem/planningpolicy/planningpolicyfra mework/

Gunnell, K., Grant, G. and Williams, C. 2012. Landscape and urban design for bats and biodiversity. Bat Conservation Trust.

Institute of Environmental Assessment. (1995). Guidelines for Baseline Ecological Assessment, Institute of Environmental Assessment. E&FN Spon, An Imprint of Chapman and Hall. London.

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2010). Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey: A technique for environmental audit (reprint). Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2012). UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework. Available: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UK_Post2010_Bio-Fwork.pdf

Middlemarch Environmental Ltd (2015) Pre-development Arboricultural Survey. Maybanks Farm, Essex. RT- MME-121506-01

Middlemarch Environmental Ltd (2015) Arboricultural Impact Assessment. Maybanks Farm, Essex. RT-MME- 121506-02

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1: Summary of Statutory Nature Conservation Sites

APPENDIX 2: Overview of Relevant Legislation and Policy

APPENDIX 3: Desk study data provided by Essex Field Club

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APPENDIX 1 Summary of Statutory Nature Conservation Sites

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European Statutory Sites within a 5 km radius

Site Check Report Report generated on Thu Feb 04 2016 You selected the location: Centroid Grid Ref: TL513019 The following features have been found in your search area: Ramsar Sites (England) No Features found Special Areas of Conservation (England) No Features found Special Protection Areas (England) No Features found

UK Statutory Sites within a 2 km radius

Site Check Report Report generated on Thu Feb 04 2016 You selected the location: Centroid Grid Ref: TL513019 The following features have been found in your search area: Ancient Woodland (England) Wood Name Theme Name Ancient & Semi-Natural Woodland Theme ID 1420051 Area (Ha) 4.36 Wood Name BEACHET WOOD Theme Name Ancient & Semi-Natural Woodland Theme ID 1116324 Area (Ha) 51.9 Wood Name BIRCHING COPPICE Theme Name Ancient & Semi-Natural Woodland Theme ID 1116323 Area (Ha) 21.27 Wood Name BIRCHING COPPICE Theme Name Ancient Replanted Woodland Theme ID 1116323 Area (Ha) 51.49 Wood Name KNIGHTSLAND WOOD Theme Name Ancient & Semi-Natural Woodland Theme ID 1116409 Area (Ha) 1.1 Wood Name KNIGHTSLAND WOOD Theme Name Ancient Replanted Woodland Theme ID 1116409 Area (Ha) 10.43 Wood Name

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ONGAR PARK WOOD Theme Name Ancient & Semi-Natural Woodland Theme ID 1116406 Area (Ha) 3.63 Wood Name TWENTYACRE WOOD Theme Name Ancient & Semi-Natural Woodland Theme ID 1119456 Area (Ha) 5.97 Wood Name TWENTYACRE WOOD Theme Name Ancient Replanted Woodland Theme ID 1119456 Area (Ha) 2.4 Local Nature Reserves (England) No Features found National Nature Reserves (England) No Features found Sites of Special Scientific Interest (England) No Features found SSSI Impact Risk Zones – to assess planning applications for likely impacts on SSSIs/SACs/SPAs & Ramsar sites (England) GUIDANCE – How to use the Impact Risk Zones /Metadata_for_magic/SSSI IRZ User Guidance v2.3 MAGIC 14Aug2015.pdf 1. DOES PLANNING PROPOSAL FALL INTO ONE OR MORE OF THE CATEGORIES BELOW? 2. IF YES, CHECK THE CORRESPONDING DESCRIPTION(S) BELOW. LPA SHOULD CONSULT NATURAL ENGLAND ON LIKELY RISKS FROM THE FOLLOWING: All Planning Applications Infrastructure Airports, helipads and other aviation proposals. Wind & Solar Energy Quarry Rural Non Residential Residential Rural Residential Air Pollution Pig & Poultry Units. Any other development/ industrial or commercial process that could cause AIR POLLUTION. Combustion General combustion processes >50MW energy input. Incl: energy from waste incineration, other incineration, landfill gas generation plant, pyrolysis/gasification, anaerobic digestion, sewage treatment works, other incineration/ combustion. Waste Composting Discharges Any discharge of water or liquid waste that is more than 20m³/day. The water needs to either be discharged to ground (ie to seep away) or to surface water, such as a beck or stream. Discharges to mains sewer are excluded. Water Supply

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APPENDIX 2 Overview of Relevant Legislation and Policy

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This section provides an overview of the framework of legislation and policy which underpins nature conservation and is a material consideration in the planning process in England.

GENERAL BIODIVERSITY LEGISLATION AND POLICY

Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010, as amended (Habitats Regulations 2010, as amended) The Habitats Regulations 2010 consolidate and update the Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulations 1994 and all its various amendments. The Habitats Regulations 2010 are the principal means by which the EEC Council Directive 92/43 (The Habitats Directive) as amended is transposed into English and Welsh law.

The Habitats Regulations 2010 place duty upon the relevant authority of government to identify sites which are of importance to the habitats and species listed in Annexes I and II of the Habitats Directive. Those sites which meet the criteria are, in conjunction with the European Commission, designated as Sites of Community Importance, which are subsequently identified as Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) by the European Union member states. The regulations also place a duty upon the government to maintain a register of European protected sites designated as a result of EC Directive 79/409/EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds (The Birds Directive). These sites are termed Special Protection Areas (SPA) and, in conjunction with SACs, form a network of sites known as Natura 2000. The Habitats Directive introduces for the first time for protected areas, the precautionary principle; that is that projects can only be permitted having ascertained no adverse effect on the integrity of the site. Projects may still be permitted if there are no alternatives, and there are imperative reasons of overriding public interest.

The Habitats Regulations 2010 also provide for the protection of individual species of fauna and flora of European conservation concern listed in Schedules 2 and 5 respectively. Schedule 2 includes species such as otter and great crested newt for which the UK population represents a significant proportion of the total European population. It is an offence to deliberately kill, injure, disturb or trade these species. Schedule 5 plant species are protected from unlawful destruction, uprooting or trade under the regulations.

The Habitats Regulations 2010 were amended in August 2012 to ensure clearer transposition of the provisions of Articles 2, 3, 4(4) (second sentence) and Article 10 of the Wild Birds Directive, by giving additional and specific duties to relevant bodies. A number of amendments were also made to transpose more clearly certain elements of the Habitats Directive.

The Wildlife and Countryside Act (WCA) 1981 (as amended) The WCA, as amended, consolidates and amends pre-existing national wildlife legislation in order to implement the Bern Convention and the Birds Directive. It complements the Habitat Regulations 2010 (as amended), offering protection to a wider range of species. The Act also provides for the designation and protection of national conservation sites of value for their floral, faunal or geological features, termed Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs).

Schedules of the act provide lists of protected species, both flora and fauna, and detail the possible offences that apply to these species. All relevant species specific legislation is detailed later in this Appendix.

The Countryside and Rights of Way (CRoW) Act 2000 The CROW Act, introduced in England and Wales in 2000, amends and strengthens existing wildlife legislation detailed in the WCA. It places a duty on government departments and the National Assembly for Wales to have regard for biodiversity, and provides increased powers for the protection and maintenance of SSSIs. The Act also contains lists of habitats and species (Section 74) for which conservation measures should be promoted, in accordance with the recommendations of the Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio Earth Summit) 1992.

The Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 Section 40 of the NERC Act places a duty upon all local authorities and public bodies in England and Wales to promote and enhance biodiversity in all of their functions. Sections 41 (England) and 42 (Wales) list habitats and species of principal importance to the conservation of biodiversity. These lists superseded Section 74 of the CRoW Act 2000.

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The Hedgerow Regulations 1997 The Hedgerow Regulations make provision for the identification of important hedgerows which may not be removed without permission from the Local Planning Authority.

UK Biodiversity Action Plan The United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP), first published in 1994 and updated in 2007, was a government initiative designed to implement the requirements of the Convention of Biological Diversity to conserve and enhance species and habitats. The UK BAP contained a list of priority habitats and species of conservation concern in the UK, and outlined biodiversity initiatives designed to enhance their conservation status. Lists of Broad and Local habitats were also included. The priority habitats and species correlated with those listed on Section 41 and 42 of the NERC Act.

The UK BAP required that conservation of biodiversity was addressed at a County level through the production of Local BAPs. These were complementary to the UK BAP, however were targeted towards species of conservation concern characteristic of each area. In addition, a number of local authorities and large organisations have produced their own BAPs.

Species and Habitats of Material Consideration for Planning in England In 2011, the government published the ‘Biodiversity 2020: A strategy for England’s wildlife and ecosystem services’ to replace the previous England Biodiversity Strategy. In 2012 the UK BAP was replaced by the UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework.

Previous planning policy (and some supporting guidance which is still current, e.g. ODPM Circular 06/2005, now under revision), refers to UK BAP habitats and species as being a material consideration in the planning process. Equally many local plans refer to BAP priority habitats and species. Both remain as material considerations in the planning process but such habitats and species are now described as Species and Habitats of Principal Importance for Conservation in England, or simply priority habitats and priority species under the UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework. The list of habitats and species remains unchanged and is still derived from Section 41 list of the Natural Environmental and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006. As was previously the case when it was a BAP priority species hen harrier continues to be regarded as a priority species although it does not appear on the Section 41 list.

NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICE GUIDANCE

In early 2012, the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) replaced much previous planning policy guidance, including Planning Policy Statement 9: Biological and Geological Conservation. The government circular 06/05: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation - Statutory Obligations and Their Impact within the Planning System, which accompanied PPS9, still remains valid. A presumption towards sustainable development is at the heart of the NPPF. This presumption does not apply however where developments require appropriate assessment under the Birds or Habitats Directives.

Chapter 11, on conserving and enhancing the natural environment, sets out how the planning system should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by minimising impacts on biodiversity and, where possible, provide net gains in biodiversity. Opportunities to incorporate biodiversity gains into a development should be encouraged.

If a proposed development would result in significant harm to the natural environment which cannot be avoided (through the use of an alternative site with less harmful impacts), mitigated or compensated for (as a last resort) then planning permission should be refused.

In March 2014 the Department for Communities and Local Government released guidance to support the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), known as the National Planning Practice Guidance (NPPG).

This has been produced to provide guidance for planners and communities which will help deliver high quality development and sustainable growth in England. The guidance includes a section entitled ‘Natural Environment: Biodiversity, ecosystems and green infrastructure’ which sets out information with respect to the following:  the statutory basis for minimising impacts on biodiversity and providing net gains where possible;  the local planning authority’s requirements for planning for biodiversity;  what local ecological networks are and how to identify and map them;

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 the sources of ecological evidence;  the legal obligations on local planning authorities and developers regarding statutory designated sites and protected species;  the considerations for local (non-statutory) designated sites;  definition of green infrastructure;  where biodiversity should be taken into account in preparing a planning application;  how development can enhance biodiversity;  how policy is applied to avoid, mitigate or compensate for significant harm to biodiversity and how mitigation and compensation measures can be ensured; and,  the consideration of ancient woodlands and veteran trees in planning decisions.

LOCAL PLANNING POLICY

Epping Forest District Council

Local Plan (1998) and the Adopted 2006 Local Plan Alterations The Existing Local Plan consists of a mixture of policies from the Adopted 1998 Local Plan and the Adopted 2006 Local Plan Alterations. The policies of relevance to ecology are:

Policy NC1- SPAs, SACs, AND SSSIs The Council will refuse planning permission for any development or land use change which could directly or indirectly destroy or adversely affect a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The Council will comply with the U.K.'s international obligations for those SSSIs designated or proposed as Special Protection Areas or Special Areas of Conservation.

Policy NC2- County Wildlife Sites Development or land use change which could directly or indirectly destroy or have an adverse effect upon a County Wildlife Site will be refused unless it can be demonstrated that the reasons for the proposal clearly outweigh the need to safeguard the intrinsic nature conservation value of the site or feature.

Policy NC3- Replacement of Lost Habitat In cases where a County Wildlife Site will be harmed by, or lost to, development, the Council will expect satisfactory arrangements to be made for an alternative habitat of at least equivalent wildlife value.

Policy NC4- Protection of Established Habitat Development proposals will be expected to make adequate provision for the protection, enhancement and suitable management of established habitats of local significance for wildlife. Such provision may be more stringent when there are known to be protected species either on the site or likely to be affected by the development.

Policy NC5- Promotion of Nature Conservation Schemes The Council will encourage owners and occupiers of land to participate in schemes which promote the aims of nature conservation by: (i) adopting less intensive forms of land management; (ii) re-introducing traditional management techniques for existing wildlife habitats; and (iii) creating new habitats.

Policy LL7 – Planting, Protection and Care of Trees The council will: (i) promote tree and woodland planting where it is considered that this will lead to significant amenity benefit; (ii) seek to protect trees and woodland of amenity value; and, (iii) promote good standards of tree care and woodland management.

Policy LL8 – Works to Preserved Trees The council will give consent for works to a tree or woodland protected by a tree preservation order provided it is satisfied that: (i) the health and appearance of the tree will not be impaired; and,

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(ii) the works will not be unjustifiably inhibit or prevent the full and natural development of the trees; or, (iii) the works are necessary to its continued retention and consistent with good arboricultural practice; or, (iv) in the case of a woodland, the proposed works are consistent with the principles of sound woodland management. Policy LL9 – Felling of Preserved Trees The council will not give consent to fell a tree or woodland protected by a tree preservation order unless it is satisfied that this is necessary and justified. Other than for woodland any such consent will be conditional upon appropriate replacement of the tree. Policy LL10 – Adequacy of Provision of Landscape Retention The council will refuse to grant planning permission for any development which it considered makes inadequate provision for the retention of (i) trees; or, (ii) natural features, particularly wildlife habitats such as woodlands, hedgerows, ponds and watercourses; or, (iii) man-made features of historical, archaeological or landscape significance.

Policy LL11 – Landscaping Schemes The council will: (i) refuse planning permission for any development which makes inadequate provision for landscaping (ii) not approve landscaping schemes which; a) are inappropriate because they fail to take into account of the setting or intended use of the development; or, b) are ineffective because they would be unlikely to retain trees and other existing landscape features or to establish new long-term planting.

Epping Forest District Local Plan This council has started the preparation of a new Local Plan. This will replace the existing 1998 Local Plan and 2006 Alterations document. The new Local Plan will guide development in the district up to 2033, be used to deal with planning applications and to provide land allocations. The expected adoption and publication date is the 26th September 2018.

SPECIES SPECIFIC LEGISLATION

This section contains a summary of legislation with relation to the species present or potentially present in the survey area. The reader should refer to the original legislation for definitive interpretation.

Badger Badgers and their setts are protected under the Protection of Badgers Act 1992. The Protection of Badgers Act 1992 is based primarily on the need to protect badgers from baiting and deliberate harm or injury, badgers are not protected for conservation reasons. The following are criminal offences:

 To intentionally or recklessly interfere with a sett. Sett interference includes disturbing badgers whilst they are occupying a sett, as well as damaging or destroying a sett or obstructing access to it.

 To wilfully kill, injure, take, possess or cruelly ill-treat a badger, or to attempt to do so.

A badger sett is defined in the legislation as:

 ‘Any structure or place that displays signs indicating current use by a badger’.

‘Current use’ is not synonymous with current occupation and a sett is defined as such (and thus protected) as long as signs of current usage are present. Therefore, a sett is protected until such a time as the field signs deteriorate to such an extent that they no longer indicate ‘current usage’.

Badger sett interference can result from a multitude of operations including excavation and coring, even if there is no direct damage to the sett, such as through the disturbance of badgers whilst occupying the sett. Any intentional or reckless work that results in the interference of badger setts is illegal without a licence from Natural England30. In England a licence must be obtained from Natural England before any interference with a badger sett occurs.

Middlemarch Environmental Ltd. Page 32 Maybanks Farm, Toot Hill, Essex RT-MME-121505 Preliminary Ecological Assessment

The reader should refer to the original legislation for the definitive interpretation.

Bats Bats and the places they use for shelter or protection (i.e. roosts) receive European protection under The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010, as amended (Habitats Regulations 2010, as amended). They receive further legal protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (WCA) 1981, as amended. This protection means that bats, and the places they use for shelter or protection, are capable of being a material consideration in the planning process.

Regulation 41 of the Habitats Regulations 2010 (as amended), states that a person commits an offence if they:

 deliberately capture, injure or kill a bat;  deliberately disturb bats; or  damage or destroy a bat roost (breeding site or resting place).

Disturbance of animals includes in particular any disturbance which is likely to impair their ability to survive, to breed or reproduce, or to rear or nurture their young, or in the case of animals of a hibernating or migratory species, to hibernate or migrate; or to affect significantly the local distribution or abundance of the species to which they belong.

It is an offence under the Habitats Regulations 2010 (as amended) for any person to have in his possession or control, to transport, to sell or exchange or to offer for sale, any live or dead bats, part of a bat or anything derived from bats, which has been unlawfully taken from the wild.

Whilst broadly similar to the above legislation, the WCA 1981 (as amended) differs in the following ways:

 Section 9(1) of the WCA makes it an offence to intentionally (rather than deliberately) kill, injure or take any protected species.  Section 9(4)(a) of the WCA makes it an offence to intentionally or recklessly* damage or destroy, or obstruct access to, any structure or place which a protected species uses for shelter or protection.  Section 9(4)(b) of the WCA makes it an offence to intentionally or recklessly* disturb any protected species while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection.

*Reckless offences were added by the Countryside and Rights of Way (CRoW) Act 2000.

As bats re-use the same roosts (breeding site or resting place) after periods of vacancy, legal opinion is that roosts are protected whether or not bats are present.

The following bat species are Species of Principal Importance for Nature Conservation in England: Barbastelle Bat Barbastella barbastellus, Bechstein’s Bat Myotis bechsteinii, Noctule Bat Nyctalus noctula, Soprano Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus, Greater Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Lesser Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus hipposideros.

All bat species which occur within the county are priority species on the Exxes Biodiversity Action Plan.

The reader should refer to the original legislation for the definitive interpretation.

Birds The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended) places a duty on public bodies to take measures to preserve, maintain and re-establish habitat for wild birds.

Nesting and nest building birds are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act WCA 1981 (as amended).

Subject to the provisions of the act, if any person intentionally:  kills, injures or takes any wild bird;  takes, damages or destroys the nest of any wild bird while that nest is in use or being built; or  takes or destroys an egg of any wild bird, he shall be guilty of an offence.

Middlemarch Environmental Ltd. Page 33 Maybanks Farm, Toot Hill, Essex RT-MME-121505 Preliminary Ecological Assessment

Some species (listed in Schedule 1 of the WCA) are protected by special penalties. Subject to the provisions of the act, if any person intentionally or recklessly:  disturbs any wild bird included in Schedule 1 while it is building a nest or is in, on or near a nest containing eggs or young; or  disturbs dependent young of such a bird, he shall be guilty of an offence.

Several bird species are Species of Principal Importance for Nature Conservation in England, making them capable of being material considerations in the planning process.

Great crested newts Great crested newts (GCN) and the places they use for shelter or protection receive European protection under The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010, as amended (Habitats Regulations 2010, as amended). They receive further legal protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (WCA) 1981, as amended. This protection means that GCN, and the places they use for shelter or protection, are capable of being a material consideration in the planning process.

Regulation 41 of the Habitats Regulations 2010 (as amended), states that a person commits an offence if they:

 deliberately capture, injure or kill a GCN;  deliberately disturb GCN;  deliberately take or destroy eggs of a GCN; or  damage or destroy a GCN breeding site or resting place.

It is an offence under the Habitats Regulations 2010 (as amended) for any person to have in his possession or control, to transport, to sell or exchange or to offer for sale, any live or dead GCN, part of a GCN or anything derived from GCN, which has been unlawfully taken from the wild. This legislation applies to all life stages of GCN.

Whilst broadly similar to the above legislation, the WCA 1981 (as amended) differs in the following ways:

*Reckless offences were added by the Countryside and Rights of Way (CRoW) Act 2000.

The reader should refer to the original legislation for the definitive interpretation.

Hedgehog Hedgehogs receive some protection under Schedule 6 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended); this section of the Act lists animals which may not be killed or taken by certain methods, namely traps and nets, poisons, automatic weapons, electrical devices, smokes/gases and various others. Humane trapping for research purposes requires a licence.

Hedgehogs are a Species of Principal Importance for Nature Conservation in England and are thus capable of being material considerations in the planning process.

Middlemarch Environmental Ltd. Page 34 Maybanks Farm, Toot Hill, Essex RT-MME-121505 Preliminary Ecological Assessment

APPENDIX 3 Desk study data provided by Essex Field Club

Middlemarch Environmental Ltd. Page 35 Essex Recorders partnership Datasearch Report

Essex Field Club Registered Charity Number 1113963

In partnership with Basildon Council Buglife Butterfly Conservation Essex Amphibian & Reptile Group Essex Bat Group Essex Birdwatching Society

Bio and Geodiversity data regarding Maybanks Farm, 7-9 Epping Road, Toot Hill C121505DS1KM Record 1 Part 1 Customer Reference: 13976

On behalf of

Miss Sarah Boulstridge Middlemarch Environmental Ltd

EFC2120, 14 Jan 2016

When information from this report is provided to a planning authority or as part of a desk study to support an Environmental Statement or planning application, then the report must be provided in full and not changed or redacted.

The Essex Field Club, Registered Charity Number 1113963. Registered Office: Green Centre, Wat Tyler Country Park, Pitsea Hall Lane, Pitsea, Basildon, Essex SS16 4UH Website: www.essexfieldclub.org.uk. Email: [email protected] or Phone: 01375 371571

Page 1/99 Essex Recorders partnership

Essex Field Club Registered Charity Number 1113963

In partnership with Basildon Council Buglife Butterfly Conservation Essex Amphibian & Reptile Group Essex Bat Group Essex Birdwatching Society

Where maps are included that use OS OpenData these contain Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright database right 2016

Page 2/99 Essex Recorders partnership Datasearch Report

Project: Maybanks Farm, 7-9 Epping Road, Toot Hill

Search Area: C121505DS1KM Record 1 Part 1

Our Reference: EFC2120

Customer Reference: 13976

Dated: 14 Jan 2016

On behalf of:

Miss Sarah Boulstridge Middlemarch Environmental Ltd

This report was compiled using records held by the County Recorders of the Essex Field Club, Basildon Council, Buglife, Butterfly Conservation, Essex Amphibian & Reptile Group, Essex Bat Group, Essex Birdwatching Society and available at the time of creation.

Enclosed within this report is the following information specific to the enquiry site area:

All of a Buzz in Thames Gateway Sites Nature Improvement Areas Special Areas of Conservation Special Protection Areas Ramsar Sites Marine Conservation Zones Sites of Special Scientific Interest details Local Nature Reserves Country Parks Common Land Ancient Woodland Inventory Traditional Orchard Inventory Invertebrate Assemblage Information Protected Species Priority Section 41 Species National Red List and Scarce Species Essex Red Data List Species All Species Records Invasive Species Geological Sites

Page 3/99 1. Introduction Biological species recording is largely undertaken by committed naturalists on a voluntary basis and on land with public access. Recording is much more rarely undertaken for planning and development purposes, or such data subsequently provided to centralised biological recording specialists, the County Recorders. Desk studies can therefore only ever provide guidance on what is already known about the species recorded in an area, and absence of species records for a search area does not mean they may not occur. For any site with potential nature conservation significance a full ecological site appraisal should be undertaken and species surveys carried out to complement the information contained in this report. Copyrights

Ownership of the data used in this report remains with the original recorder, Essex Field Club and the Essex Recorders partnership. Copyright of this report remains the property of the Essex Recorders partnership and reproduction is strictly prohibited, except as part of a desk study to support a planning application, when the data use restrictions must be included.

All site boundaries have been mapped using Ordnance Survey OS OpenData subject to the OS OpenData Licence. Persons viewing this material should contact Ordnance Survey for advice if they wish to licence Ordnance Survey data for their own use. Data accuracy

The Essex Recorders partnership does not guarantee the accuracy of any information supplied and shall have no liability for any loss, damage or expense incurred as the result of reliance on any information supplied.

The Essex Recorders partnership can only provide information based on the data held by us. In particular, the absence of records for a species does not necessarily indicate that the species itself is absent, merely that it not been recorded, that we have not received records for it or the data are unavailable in suitable format at this time. Access and use of data

The data provided in this report must not be added to a permanent database without the prior permission of the Essex Recorders partnership or copyright holder. Resale or transfer to third parties is strictly prohibited.

When information in this report is put into the public domain as part of a desk study or Environmental Statement to support a planning application, then the report must be provided in full and not changed or redacted. Data must not be used without inclusion of the data use restrictions.

When publishing information derived from these data, the Essex Field Club, Essex Recorders partnership and any other copyright holders and the date of receipt must be acknowledged.

The data held by the Essex Recorders partnership is updated regularly and will become out-of-date. If you intend to use this data after a period of six months please contact us to confirm that we have no new records. Designations

Except for Essex designations included in the Essex Biodiversity Action Plan or Essex Red Data List, or where otherwise indicated, designations used in this report are derived from the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Master list regardless of the status of the species in the county.

Page 4/99 2. Data available through the Essex Recorders partnership

This report provides access to the following species datasets:

Data Provider Species Group County Coverage EFC/Essex Amphibian & Reptile Group amphibians and reptiles County data Essex Field Club honey bee and bumblebees Available county data Essex Field Club bees and wasps County data Essex Field Club ants County data Essex Field Club beetles Available county data Essex Field Club centipedes and millipedes County data Essex Field Club hoverflies Available county data Essex Field Club soldier flies and allies County data Essex Field Club flies (other) County data Essex Field Club grasshoppers, crickets and County data allies Essex Field Club/Butterfly Conservation butterflies County data Essex Field Club/Essex Moth Group larger moths County data Essex Field Club/Essex Moth Group micro-moths County data Essex Field Club leafhoppers and allies Available county data Essex Field Club true bugs Available county data Essex Field Club spiders County data Essex Field Club harvestmen County data Essex Field Club pseudoscorpions County data Essex Field Club flowering plant Available county data Essex Field Club woodlice County data Essex Field Club dragonflies & damselflies County data 2000-2006 + other data sample Essex Field Club non-vascular plants Available county data Essex Field Club other Hymenoptera County data Essex Field Club molluscs Sample of data Essex Field Club lichens Sample of data Essex Field Club fungi Available county data Essex Field Club other mammals County data Essex Field Club bats County data Essex Field Club Invasive species Available data Essex Field Club birds Small number of records Essex Field Club slime moulds Small number of records EFC Schemes EFC Schemes records EFC Schemes records Essex Bat Group bats Dataset Essex Birdwatching Society birds, with incorporated County data for 2013 Birdtrack data

Page 5/99 Page 6/99 Sections on site designations

The following sections provide data on site designations in relation to the datasearch request search area. For statutory designated conservation sites, these are provided on maps expanded to cover a 5km radius.

We cannot currently provide information on Local Wildlife Sites. For these contact the local authority or see www.localwildlifesites.org.uk/ and www.essexwt.org.uk/protecting-wildlife/local-wildlife-sites

Page 7/99 3. All of a Buzz in the Thames Gateway

No All of a Buzz in the Thames Gateway sites are identified in relation to the search area

Page 8/99 4. Nature Improvement Areas (NIAs)

See www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/biodiversity/funding/nia/default.aspx Nature Improvement Areas (NIAs) were introduced by the Government’s Natural Environment White Paper to ‘enhance and reconnect nature on a significant scale’ in England.

Nature Improvement Areas encompass areas of land that include natural features and wildlife habitats but also include roads, housing developments and other man-made elements. They are areas that have been identified for their opportunities to restore nature at a landscape-scale alongside other land-uses.

These areas will become much better places for wildlife – creating more and better-connected habitats at a landscape scale, providing space for wildlife to thrive and adapt to climate change.

They will help people as well as wildlife – through enhancing a wide range of benefits that nature provides, such as recreation opportunities, flood protection, cleaner water and carbon storage.

NIAs should enhance existing ecological networks by: • Increasing the number of wildlife sites • Increasing the size of existing wildlife sites • Improving connectivity between sites • Creating wildlife corridors • Improving the management of existing wildlife sites

The twelve initial NIAs extend from Morecambe Bay in the North West to the Wild Purbeck in the South West. One affecting Essex is the Greater Thames Marshes NIA in the south of the county.

No Nature Improvements Areas are identified near the search area

Page 9/99 5. Special Areas of Conservation

A Special Area of Conservation (SAC) is an area which has been given special protection under the European Union’s Habitats Directive. SACs provide increased protection to a variety of wild animals, plants and habitats and are a vital part of global efforts to conserve the world’s biodiversity.

See www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/designations/sac/

There is 1 Special Area/s of Conservation identified in relation to the search area.

Epping Forest

Page 10/99 Page 11/99 6. Special Protection Areas

A Special Protection Area (SPA) is an area of land, water or sea which has been identified as being of international importance for the breeding, feeding, wintering or the migration of rare and vulnerable species of birds found within the European Union. SPAs are European designated sites, classified under the European Wild Birds Directive which affords them enhanced protection.

See www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/designations/spa/

No Special Protection Area/s are identified in relation to the search area

Page 12/99 7. Ramsar sites © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2016]

Ramsar sites are wetlands of international importance, designated under the Ramsar Convention.

Wetlands are defined as areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres.

Ramsar sites may also incorporate riparian (banks of a stream, river, pond or watercourse) and coastal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six metres at low tide lying within the wetlands.

What is the Ramsar Convention?

The Ramsar Convention is an international agreement signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971, which provides for the conservation and good use of wetlands. The UK Government ratified the Convention and designated the first Ramsar sites in 1976.

See www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/designations/ramsars/

No Ramsar Site/s are identified in relation to the search area

Page 13/99 8. Marine Conservation Zone/s © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2016]

Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs) are a type of Marine Protected Area. They protect areas that are important to conserving the diversity of nationally rare or threatened habitats and/or species and those places containing habitats and/or species that are representative of the biodiversity in our seas.

The Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (Part 5) enables Defra Ministers to designate and protect Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs). These are a type of marine protected area, which will exist alongside European marine sites [Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and Special Protected Areas (SPAs)], SSSIs and Ramsar sites to form an ecologically coherent network of marine protected areas.

See http://www.naturalengland.gov.uk/ourwork/marine/mpa/mcz/default.aspx

No Marine Conservation Zone/s are identified in relation to the search area

Page 14/99 9. National Nature Reserves © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2016]

England’s National Nature Reserves (NNRs) represent many of the finest wildlife and geological sites in the country. Our first NNRs emerged in the postwar years alongside the early National Parks, and have continued to grow since then.

Natural England is the body empowered to declare NNRs in England, the Reserves being a selection of the very best parts of England’s Sites of Special Scientific Interest. It is this underlying designation which gives NNRs their strong legal protection. The majority also have European nature conservation designations.

Nearly every type of vegetation is found in England's NNRs, from coastal salt-marshes, dunes and cliffs to downlands, meadows and the subtle variations of our native woodlands. Scarce and threatened habitats such as chalk downs, lowland heaths and bogs and estuaries are conserved in NNRs.

Many NNRs contain nationally important populations of rare flowers, ferns and mosses, butterflies and other insects, and of course nesting and wintering birds. Examples include unique alpine plants at Upper Teesdale and the beautiful field of fritillary lilies at North Meadow, Cricklade, Wiltshire.

See www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/designations/nnr/default.aspx

No National Nature Reserve/s are identified in relation to the search area

Page 15/99 10. Sites of Special Scientific Interest © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2016]

There are over 4,100 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) in England, covering around 7% of the country's land area. Over half of these sites, by area, are internationally important for their wildlife, and designated as Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), Special Protection Areas (SPAs) or Ramsar sites. Many SSSIs are also National Nature Reserves (NNRs) or Local Nature Reserves (LNRs).

SSSIs are the country's very best wildlife and geological sites. They include some of our most spectacular and beautiful habitats - large wetlands teeming with waders and waterfowl, winding chalk rivers, gorse and heather-clad heathlands, flower-rich meadows, windswept shingle beaches and remote uplands moorland and peat bog.

It is essential to preserve our remaining natural heritage for future generations. Wildlife and geological features are under pressure from development, pollution, climate change and unsustainable land management. SSSIs are important as they support plants and animals that find it more difficult to survive in the wider countryside. Protecting and managing SSSIs is a shared responsibility, and an investment for the benefit of future generations.

See www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/sssi/index.cfm

For information on SSSI Impact Risk Zones (IRZs) see http://www.magic.gov.uk/Metadata_for_magic/SSSI%20IRZ%20User%20Guidance%20v1.9%20MA GIC%2003November2014.pdf

There are 4 Site of Special Scientific Interest/s identified in relation to the search area.

Curtismill Green Epping Forest Harlow Woods The Coppice, Kelvedon Hatch

Page 16/99 Page 17/99 11. Local Nature Reserves

© Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2016]. NB This national dataset is “indicative” not “definitive”. Definitive information can only be provided by individual local authorities and you should refer directly to their information for all purposes that require the most up to date and complete dataset.

Local Nature Reserve (or LNR) is a statutory designation made under Section 21 of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949, and amended by Schedule 11 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006, by principal local authorities.

Local Nature Reserves (LNRs) are for both people and wildlife. They are places with wildlife or geological features that are of special interest locally. They offer people special opportunities to study or learn about nature or simply to enjoy it.

By declaring Local Nature Reserves (LNRs), local authorities can provide many benefits for both people and wildlife.

To: • increase people's awareness and enjoyment of their natural environment

• provide an ideal environment for everyone to learn about and study nature

• help to build relationships with national and local nature conservation organisations and local people protect wildlife habitats and natural features provide a great opportunity for people to become involved in managing their local environment offer a positive use for land which they would prefer was left undeveloped make it possible to apply bye-laws which can help in managing and protecting the site.

See www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/designations/lnr/

There are 6 Local Nature Reserve/s identified in relation to the search area.

Church Lane Flood Meadow Home Mead Parndon Woods & Common Roughtalleys Wood Thornwood Common Flood Meadow Weald Common Flood Meadow

Page 18/99 Page 19/99 12. Country Park/s Natural England recognises country parks as significant places that contribute to England's accessible natural greenspace.

Many are located near or within towns and cities and therefore close to where people live. All provide a wide range of opportunities for recreation, health and education and improve the quality of life for their local communities.

Country Parks were established as a result of the 1968 Countryside Act and there are currently more than 400 sites that call themselves Country Parks in England. They are visited by over 70 million visitors a year.

They are public green spaces often at the edge of urban areas which provide places to enjoy the outdoors and experience nature in an informal semi-rural park setting. Country Parks normally have some facilities such as a car park, toilets, perhaps a cafe or kiosk, paths and trails, and visitor information. There is not necessarily public right of access, although most are publicly accessible; some charge entry others do not.

See www.naturalengland.gov.uk/ourwork/enjoying/places/countryparks/default.aspx

No Country Park/s are identified in relation to the search area

Page 20/99 13. Open Country and Common Land

Conclusive Map Data of Open Country:

Created under the Countryside and Rights of Way (CROW) Act 2000, the Open Country (OC) data was digitised from OS MasterMap by the contractors Black and Veatch Consulting Limited on behalf of the Countryside Agency. It consists of all land that appears to the Countryside Agency to consist wholly or predominantly of mountain, moor, heath and down and is not registered common land. It includes any modifications determined by the Planning Inspectorate as a result of appeals. It includes areas of land that are excepted from the rights of access as specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1 of the CROW Act. It may be amended for certain errors under current error regulations. The map must be reviewed not more than 10 years after its issue in conclusive form.

Conclusive Map Data of Registered Common Land:

Created under the CROW Act 2000, the Registered Common Land (RCL) data was digitised from DNF Landline by the contractors Geodata on behalf of the Countryside Agency. It is a digitised copy of land registered as common land under the Commons Registration Act 1965. It includes any modifications determined by the Planning Inspectorate as a result of appeals. It includes areas of land that are excepted from the rights of access as specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1 of the CROW Act. It may be amended for certain errors under current error regulations. The map must be reviewed not more than 10 years after its issue in conclusive form.

Important Notes: There is no right of access to land shown as OC or RCL until the relevant Commencement Order for the area becomes effective.

There is no right of access to land shown as OC or RCL where such land meets any of the descriptions of excepted land as specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1 of the CROW Act. This includes areas of land such as racecourses, aerodromes and military byelaw land.

There may be restrictions on the right of access in some areas of land. Under the CROW Act, landowners or tenants of access land have a 28-day allowance of restrictions each calendar year and can also apply for longer term restrictions. Digital data of restrictions to the rights of access will not be made available to third parties. All restrictions can be viewed on the website http://www.countrysideaccess.gov.uk. More information about restrictions can be found here: http://www.openaccess.gov.uk

No Open Country area/s are identified in relation to the search area

There are 3 Common Land area/s identified in relation to the search area. (Red polygon/s)

Land fronting Rent Cottage Land on Tawney Common Sharp's Green

Page 21/99 Page 22/99 14. Ancient woodland Inventory Ancient Woodlands (England). © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2016]

Ancient woodland is land that has had a continuous woodland cover since at least 1600 AD and may be ancient semi-natural woodland (ASNW), which retains a native tree and shrub cover that has not been planted, although it may have been managed by coppicing or felling and allowed to regenerate naturally, or plantation on ancient woodland sites (PAWS) where the original tree cover has been felled and replaced by planting, often with conifers, and usually over the last century.

See www.naturalengland.org.uk/about_us/whatwedo/partnership/casestudies/ancientwoodland.aspx

Ancient woodland Inventory polygon/s identified in relation to the search area are shown on the map.

Page 23/99 Page 24/99 15. Traditional Orchard Inventory Natural England Traditional Orchard Inventory (Provisional) for England© Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2016]

Definitions Traditional Orchard For the purpose of the inventory, Traditional Orchards are defined as sites where at least five fruit trees must be present with no more than 20m between their crown edges. Traditional Orchards are managed in a low intensity way with the orchard floor grazed or mown for hay and with little or no chemical input. The Traditional Orchard Inventory for England The inventory identifies Traditional Orchard sites in England. Traditional Orchards are located using aerial photography, Ordnance Survey MasterMap, external datasets compiled from historic surveys, and ground survey (“ground-truthing”). The information recorded about each orchard and stored on the Inventory Database includes its grid reference, its area in hectares, management features of the site and its condition (based on condition assessment criteria). Limitations of the Traditional Orchard Inventory: The inventory is classed as 'provisional' because it is under a constant system of review and is updated as new information is received or actual changes are recorded. If you have information that would help Natural England to update the inventory please let them know.

Traditional Orchards HAP Definition Traditional orchards are defined, for priority habitat purposes, as groups of fruit and nut trees planted on vigorous rootstocks at low densities in permanent grassland; and managed in a low intensity way. Cobnut plats are also included.

The minimum size of a traditional orchard is defined as five trees with crown edges less than 20m apart. However, the potential biological and genetic interest of sites with fewer trees, such as relict orchards and individual trees within gardens is noted. Where appropriate these should be considered as potential restoration sites. It is recognised that other sites which fall outside the definition, such as organic bush orchards and fruit collections in walled gardens may also have biodiversity value, as well as historic, cultural and genetic importance.

There is 1 Traditional Orchard Inventory site/s identified in relation to the search area.

Page 25/99 Page 26/99 Species data

The following sections provide species data in accordance with the datasearch request. Please note that species records are included for all 1km squares crossed by the search area. This is because many records are made at 1km resolution, and they could have been recorded anywhere within the 1km square. The data is provided for the search area on this basis and not the wider area shown on the site designation maps.

Search polygons which are not a radius from a point include a 1km extension outside the polygon boundary extents. Search polygons made up of a corridor may however include data from a wider area as defined by the east, west, south and north edges of the area.

Natural England provides new standard advice on how to address invertebrates and their habitats within the planning system. The standard advice is hosted on the brownfield “open mosaic habitats on previously developed land” inventory website at http://habitatsurveys.esdm.co.uk/links

Page 27/99 16. Invertebrate Assemblage Information This information is based on the use of Natural England's ISIS (2010) methodology. Assemblages are identified from records for the search area and 1km squares crossed by the search area. Please note: these assemblages are identified from existing data and the results only indicate significance already identified from untargeted survey. Specific targeted specialist survey work should be undertaken of the search area to further evaluate identified invertebrate assemblages and identify others which may be important.

Broad Assemblage Types Invertebrate assemblages are helpful in identifying nature conservation significance of a recorded invertebrate fauna. The following Broad Assemblage Types are highlighted:

Broad Assemblage Types identified: arboreal canopy important assemblage unshaded early successional mosaic important assemblage grassland & scrub matrix important assemblage shaded field & ground layer close to favourable condition permanent wet mire close to favourable condition

Specific Assemblage Types

Specific Assemblage Types (SATs) are characterised by ecologically restricted species and are generally only expressed in lists from sites with conservation value. They have intrinsic value for nature conservation and are designed to be used in setting invertebrate conservation objectives on SSSIs (Lott, 2008).

Specific Assemblage Types identified: heartwood decay bark & sapwood decay bare sand & chalk open short sward slow-flowing rivers scrub edge favourable condition rich flower resource

Page 28/99 17. Protected Species Protected species have protection under national legislation such as the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and European legislation such as the Habitats Directive.

Please note the following:

(1) If there is no record of a particular protected species, this does not signify that that the species is absent from the site in question. It may mean that it has not been recorded, that the site has not been surveyed for this species, or that data relating to its presence has not been made available to us. (2) The presence of a protected species record does not mean that the species is still present. It means that the species was recorded at that time and place. The implications of the record should be further evaluated, and a survey to establish the current status may be required. (3) The following summary of legislation is designed purely as a basic guide, if any action is to be taken regarding any of the protected species listed, then it is imperative that the full relevant legislation be consulted.

WILDLIFE PROTECTION LEGISLATION IN ENGLAND

Legislation that protects wildlife in England exists at the European and national level.

European Law

The Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (1979) was aimed at ensuring conservation and protection of all wild plants and animals, increasing cooperation between states, and affording special protection to the most vulnerable or threatened species. It was implemented by the EC Birds Directive (Council Directive 79/409/EEC) and the EC Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC).

The Bonn Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (1979 & 1994) requires the protection of migratory animals. It was implemented by the EC Birds Directive (Council Directive 79/409/EEC) and the EC Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC).

The EC Habitats Directive aims to establish a network of protected areas in order to maintain the distribution and the abundance of threatened species and habitats. A number of species are listed in the annexes.

Annex II lists animals and plants whose conservation requires the designation of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs).

Annex IV lists animals and plants in need of strict protection. For the animals, this prohibits deliberate capture, killing, disturbance (especially during breeding period), destruction or taking of eggs from wild, and destruction or deterioration of breeding sites or resting places. For the plants, this prohibits deliberate picking, collecting, uprooting, cutting, destruction, and trade in entire plants or parts, at all stages of life.

Annex V lists animals and plants for which taking in the wild may be subject to management measures.

Page 29/99 National Law

Wildlife and Countryside Act The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) is the main source of legal protection for wildlife in England and was strengthened by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000. A statutory five-yearly review of Schedules 5 and 8 (protected wild animals and plants) is undertaken by the relevant authorities. Species protection is provided under Schedules 1, 5, 6 and 8:

Schedule 1 lists bird species that are rare, endangered, declining or vulnerable. The Schedule is divided into two parts. Part I lists birds which receive special protection, these birds receive additional protection from disturbance at the nest. Part II lists birds that receive the same level of special protection, but only during the breeding season.

Schedule 5 protects animal (other than bird) species from certain actions, according to the sections of the Act under which they are listed:

S9(1) prohibits the intentional killing, injury or taking. S9(2) protection is limited to possessing and controlling. S9(4a) prohibits the damaging, destroying or obstructing access to any place used by the animal for shelter or protection. S9(4b) prohibits disturbing the animal while it is occupying any structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection. S9(5) prohibits the selling, offering for sale, possessing or transporting for purpose of sale, or advertising for sale, any live or dead animal, or any part of, or anything derived from such an animal. Species on this Schedule do not appear on the PSI.

Schedule 6 lists animals that may not be killed by certain methods. Even humane trapping for research requires a licence.

Schedule 8 lists plant species for which it is prohibited to intentionally pick, uproot, destroy, trade in, or possess (for the purposes of trade).

Under the Wildlife and Countryside Act, all wild plants in Britain are protected from intentional uprooting by an unauthorised person. Landowners, land occupiers, persons authorised by either of these, or persons authorised in writing by the Local Authority for the area are exempt from this, except for Schedule 8 species.

Conservation Regulations The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended) transpose the EC Habitats Directive into national law. In addition to enabling the designation of SACs, the regulations also provide species protection:

Schedule 2 protects the listed animals from deliberate capture, killing, disturbance or trading in.

Schedule 4 protects the listed plants from picking, collecting, uprooting, destroying or trading in.

These actions can be made lawful through the granting of licences by the appropriate authorities. Licences may be granted for a number of purposes, but only after the appropriate authority is satisfied that there are no satisfactory alternatives and that such actions will have no detrimental effect on wild the population of the species concerned.

Page 30/99 Protection of Badgers Act The Protection of the Badgers Act prohibits the killing, injuring or taking of badgers and damage or interference with a badger sett, unless licensed to do so by a statutory authority.

International and European Obligations

In the UK, species receiving protection under international legislation and agreements are protected through the Wildlife and Countryside Act, so are not shown separately in the BMERC notable species lists. For reference, the relevant categories are shown below.

Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats The Bern Convention aims to ensure the conservation of wild flora and fauna species and their habitats.

• Appendix 1 (strictly protected flora) - Plants for which contracting parties will prohibit deliberate picking, collecting, cutting or uprooting.

• Appendix 2 (strictly protected fauna) - Animals for which contracting parties will prohibit deliberate capture, possession, killing, damage to or destruction of breeding or resting sites, disturbance or destruction or taking of eggs.

• Appendix 3 (protected fauna) - Animals for which contracting parties will include closed seasons and regulate their sale, keeping for sale, transport for sale or offering for sale of live and dead wild animals. (Not included in Notable Species List).

Bonn Convention on Migratory Species The Bonn Convention aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range.

• Appendix 1 (migratory species threatened with extinction) - Species for which contracting parties will strictly protect and endeavour to conserve or restore the places where they live, mitigating obstacles to migration and controlling other factors that might endanger them.

• Appendix 2 (migratory species that need or would benefit from international co-operation) - Species for which contracting parties will be encouraged to conclude global or regional agreements for the conservation and management of individual species or, more often, of a group of species. (Not included in Notable Species List).

The EC Council Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds The Birds Directive provides a framework for the conservation and management of all wild birds in Europe. As well as designating important sites for birds as Special Protection Areas, birds are generally protected from deliberate killing or capture and destruction of or damage to their nests or eggs, and deliberate disturbance. Allowances are made for game birds.

Page 31/99 Protected Species Table Source Taxon Group Vernacular Status Location Position Records Latest Essex Accipiter gentilis bird Northern Goshawk Convention on Migratory Species: Ongar Park Wood TL4902 1 2013 Birdwatching Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A, Wildlife Society and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part 1 Essex Accipiter nisus bird Eurasian Convention on Migratory Species: North Weald - TL5004 7 2013 Birdwatching Sparrowhawk Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Accipiter nisus bird Eurasian Convention on Migratory Species: Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Sparrowhawk Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Rivers Society Essex Accipiter nisus bird Eurasian Convention on Migratory Species: Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Sparrowhawk Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Society Essex Accipiter nisus bird Eurasian Convention on Migratory Species: Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching Sparrowhawk Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Burial Park Society Essex Accipiter nisus bird Eurasian Convention on Migratory Species: Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Sparrowhawk Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Society Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Springs EWT Society Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 North Weald - TL5004 9 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Alcedo atthis bird Common Kingfisher Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Birds Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Directive: Annex 1, Wildlife and Society Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part 1 Essex Alectoris rufa bird Red-legged Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching Partridge Society

Page 32/99 Essex Anas platyrhynchos bird Mallard Birds Directive: Annex 2.1, Convention ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II, Society Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2 Essex Anas platyrhynchos bird Mallard Birds Directive: Annex 2.1, Convention North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II, Weald Common Society Convention on Migratory Species: flood meadow and Appendix 2 Thornhill Essex Anas platyrhynchos bird Mallard Birds Directive: Annex 2.1, Convention Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II, Springs EWT Society Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2 Essex Anthus pratensis bird Meadow Pipit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 4 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Anthus pratensis bird Meadow Pipit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Ardea cinerea bird Grey Heron Convention on Migratory Species: North Weald - TL5004 4 2013 Birdwatching AEWA Annex II Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Field Arvicola amphibius terrestrial mammal Northern Water Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: TL525014 TL525014 2 1994 Club Vole Schedule 5 Section 9.1 (killing/injuring), Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.1 (taking), Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Athene noctua bird Little Owl Bern Convention: Appendix 2, EC Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching Cites: Annex A area Society Essex Athene noctua bird Little Owl Bern Convention: Appendix 2, EC Theydon Mount TQ4999 1 2013 Birdwatching Cites: Annex A (TQ49 Z) Society

Page 33/99 Essex Athene noctua bird Little Owl Bern Convention: Appendix 2, EC Essex, Stapleford TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Cites: Annex A Tawney TQ59E Society Essex Branta canadensis bird Canada Goose Birds Directive: Annex 2.1, Convention ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: Appendix 2 Society Essex Branta canadensis bird Canada Goose Birds Directive: Annex 2.1, Convention North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: Appendix 2 Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Buteo buteo bird Common Buzzard Convention on Migratory Species: Epping Forest TL4903 2 2013 Birdwatching Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Burial Park Society Essex Buteo buteo bird Common Buzzard Convention on Migratory Species: Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Rivers Society Essex Buteo buteo bird Common Buzzard Convention on Migratory Species: Stanford Rivers TL5300 3 2013 Birdwatching Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Society Essex Buteo buteo bird Common Buzzard Convention on Migratory Species: Bovinger TL5205 1 2013 Birdwatching Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Society Essex Buteo buteo bird Common Buzzard Convention on Migratory Species: Essex, North TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Weald Society Essex Buteo buteo bird Common Buzzard Convention on Migratory Species: Ongar Park Wood TL4902 5 2013 Birdwatching Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Society Essex Buteo buteo bird Common Buzzard Convention on Migratory Species: Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Springs EWT Society Essex Buteo buteo bird Common Buzzard Convention on Migratory Species: North Weald - TL5004 10 2013 Birdwatching Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Carduelis cannabina bird Common Linnet Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Carduelis cannabina bird Common Linnet Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society

Page 34/99 Essex Carduelis cannabina bird Common Linnet Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching area Society Essex Carduelis carduelis bird European Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Goldfinch Rivers Society Essex Carduelis carduelis bird European Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Greensted TL5403 1 2013 Birdwatching Goldfinch West Society Essex Carduelis carduelis bird European Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching Goldfinch Burial Park Society Essex Carduelis carduelis bird European Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 31 2013 Birdwatching Goldfinch Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Carduelis spinus bird Eurasian Siskin Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 4 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Carduelis spinus bird Eurasian Siskin Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 2 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Certhia familiaris bird Eurasian Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Treecreeper Society Essex Certhia familiaris bird Eurasian Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 4 2013 Birdwatching Treecreeper Burial Park Society Essex Certhia familiaris bird Eurasian Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching Treecreeper Society Essex Columba livia bird Common Pigeon Birds Directive: Annex 2.1, EC Cites: Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Annex A Rivers Society Essex Columba oenas bird Stock Dove Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Columba oenas bird Stock Dove Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching area Society

Page 35/99 Essex Columba palumbus bird Common Wood Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Birdwatching Pigeon Society Essex Columba palumbus bird Common Wood Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 Essex, Greensted TL5302 2 2013 Birdwatching Pigeon West Society Essex Columba palumbus bird Common Wood Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 North Weald - TL5004 33 2013 Birdwatching Pigeon Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Columba palumbus bird Common Wood Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 Epping Forest TL4903 7 2013 Birdwatching Pigeon Burial Park Society Essex Columba palumbus bird Common Wood Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 Essex, Stanford TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Pigeon Rivers Society Essex Columba palumbus bird Common Wood Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 Beachet TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching Pigeon Wood/Mount End Society Essex Columba palumbus bird Common Wood Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Pigeon Springs EWT Society Essex Corvus corone bird Carrion Crow Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Corvus corone bird Carrion Crow Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Springs EWT Society Essex Corvus corone bird Carrion Crow Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Harlow TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Corvus corone bird Carrion Crow Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Epping Forest TL4903 7 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Corvus corone bird Carrion Crow Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Stapleford TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Tawney TQ59E Society Essex Corvus corone bird Carrion Crow Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 North Weald - TL5004 20 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill

Page 36/99 Essex Corvus frugilegus bird Rook Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Little End TL5400 1 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Corvus frugilegus bird Rook Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Corvus frugilegus bird Rook Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 North Weald - TL5004 32 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Corvus frugilegus bird Rook Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Ongar TL5400 1 2013 Birdwatching South Society Essex Corvus monedula bird Western Jackdaw Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Epping Forest TL4903 3 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Corvus monedula bird Western Jackdaw Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 North Weald - TL5004 32 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Corvus monedula bird Western Jackdaw Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Corvus monedula bird Western Jackdaw Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Corvus monedula bird Western Jackdaw Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Greensted TL5403 1 2013 Birdwatching West Society Essex Cyanistes caeruleus bird Blue Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 7 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Cyanistes caeruleus bird Blue Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Cyanistes caeruleus bird Blue Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Beachet TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching Wood/Mount End Society Essex Cyanistes caeruleus bird Blue Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Springs EWT Society

Page 37/99 Essex Cyanistes caeruleus bird Blue Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 34 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Cyanistes caeruleus bird Blue Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Greensted TL5403 1 2013 Birdwatching West Society Essex Cyanistes caeruleus bird Blue Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stapleford TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Tawney TQ59E Society Essex Field Dama dama terrestrial mammal Fallow Deer Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TQ491995 TQ491995 1 1998 Club Essex Field Dama dama terrestrial mammal Fallow Deer Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TL495017 TL495017 1 1994 Club Essex Field Dama dama terrestrial mammal Fallow Deer Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TL525014 TL525014 2 1994 Club Essex Field Dama dama terrestrial mammal Fallow Deer Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TQ514990 TQ514990 1 1995 Club Essex Field Dama dama terrestrial mammal Fallow Deer Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TL490030 TL490030 1 1996 Club Essex Field Dama dama terrestrial mammal Fallow Deer Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TL514008 TL514008 1 1997 Club Essex Field Dama dama terrestrial mammal Fallow Deer Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TQ503990 TQ503990 1 2004 Club Essex Field Dama dama terrestrial mammal Fallow Deer Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TL511048 TL511048 1 2006 Club Essex Delichon urbicum bird Common House Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stapleford TQ5099 2 2013 Birdwatching Martin Tawney TQ59E Society Essex Delichon urbicum bird Common House Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching Martin Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Dendrocopos major bird Great Spotted Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker Springs EWT Society Essex Dendrocopos major bird Great Spotted Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 10 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Dendrocopos major bird Great Spotted Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Greensted TL5403 1 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker West Society

Page 38/99 Essex Dendrocopos major bird Great Spotted Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stapleford TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker Tawney TQ59E Society Essex Dendrocopos major bird Great Spotted Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 4 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker Burial Park Society Essex Dendrocopos major bird Great Spotted Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker Rivers Society Essex Dendrocopos major bird Great Spotted Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker Society Essex Dendrocopos minor bird Lesser Spotted Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker Society Essex Egretta garzetta bird Little Egret Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Birds North Weald - TL5004 5 2013 Birdwatching Directive: Annex 1, Convention on Weald Common Society Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II, EC flood meadow and Cites: Annex A Thornhill Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching area Society Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Society

Page 39/99 Essex Field Eptesicus serotinus terrestrial mammal Serotine Bern Convention: Appendix 2, TQ507998 TQ507998 1 1986 Club Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Field Eptesicus serotinus terrestrial mammal Serotine Bern Convention: Appendix 2, TL497042 TL497042 2 1988 Club Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Field Erinaceus europaeus terrestrial mammal Western Hedgehog Bern Convention: Appendix 3 Birching Coppice TL490025 1 1980 Club Essex Field Erinaceus europaeus terrestrial mammal Western Hedgehog Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TL511023 TL511023 1 1999 Club Essex Erithacus rubecula bird European Robin Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stapleford TQ5099 2 2013 Birdwatching Tawney TQ59E Society Essex Erithacus rubecula bird European Robin Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 7 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society

Page 40/99 Essex Erithacus rubecula bird European Robin Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Erithacus rubecula bird European Robin Bern Convention: Appendix 2 ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Erithacus rubecula bird European Robin Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Springs EWT Society Essex Erithacus rubecula bird European Robin Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 30 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Erithacus rubecula bird European Robin Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Greensted TL5302 2 2013 Birdwatching West Society Essex Falco peregrinus bird Peregrine Falcon Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Birds Ongar Park Wood TL4902 1 2013 Birdwatching Directive: Annex 1, Convention on Society Migratory Species: Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part 1 Essex Falco subbuteo bird Eurasian Hobby Bern Convention: Appendix 2, North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching Convention on Migratory Species: Weald Common Society Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A, Wildlife flood meadow and and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Thornhill Part 1 Essex Falco tinnunculus bird Common Kestrel Bern Convention: Appendix 2, North Weald - TL5004 11 2013 Birdwatching Convention on Migratory Species: Weald Common Society Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Falco tinnunculus bird Common Kestrel Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Essex, Stanford TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Convention on Migratory Species: Rivers Society Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Essex Falco tinnunculus bird Common Kestrel Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Convention on Migratory Species: Springs EWT Society Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A Essex Falco tinnunculus bird Common Kestrel Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Convention on Migratory Species: Society Appendix 2, EC Cites: Annex A

Page 41/99 Essex Gallinago gallinago bird Common Snipe Birds Directive: Annex 2.1, Convention North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II, Weald Common Society Convention on Migratory Species: flood meadow and Appendix 2 Thornhill Essex Garrulus glandarius bird Eurasian Jay Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 North Weald - TL5004 16 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Garrulus glandarius bird Eurasian Jay Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Epping Forest TL4903 5 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Hirundo rustica bird Barn Swallow Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Greensted TL5302 2 2013 Birdwatching West Society Essex Hirundo rustica bird Barn Swallow Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 5 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Hirundo rustica bird Barn Swallow Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Hirundo rustica bird Barn Swallow Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Springs EWT Society Essex Hirundo rustica bird Barn Swallow Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Field Hyacinthoides flowering plant Bluebell Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Stanford Rivers, TL5100 1 1978 Club non-scripta Schedule 8 Knightlands Wood Essex Field Hyacinthoides flowering plant Bluebell Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Club non-scripta Schedule 8 south Essex Field Hyacinthoides flowering plant Bluebell Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Beachet Wood TL4901 1 2013 Club non-scripta Schedule 8 north Essex Field Hyacinthoides flowering plant Bluebell Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Stanford Rivers, TL4902 1 2012 Club non-scripta Schedule 8 Ongar Park Wood western remnant Essex Larus argentatus bird Herring Gull Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Convention North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Larus canus bird Mew Gull Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Convention Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II area Society

Page 42/99 Essex Larus canus bird Mew Gull Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Convention North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Larus canus bird Mew Gull Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Convention Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II Burial Park Society Essex Larus fuscus bird Lesser Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Convention Bovinger TL5205 1 2013 Birdwatching Black-backed Gull on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II Society Essex Larus fuscus bird Lesser Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Convention North Weald - TL5004 12 2013 Birdwatching Black-backed Gull on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Larus fuscus bird Lesser Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Convention Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching Black-backed Gull on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II Burial Park Society Essex Field Meles meles terrestrial mammal Badger Bern Convention: Appendix 3, TQ526993 TQ526993 1 2009 Club Protection of Badgers Act: Protection of Badgers Act (1992) Essex Field Meles meles terrestrial mammal Badger Bern Convention: Appendix 3, TQ514990 TQ514990 1 1995 Club Protection of Badgers Act: Protection of Badgers Act (1992) Essex Milvus milvus bird Red Kite Birds Directive: Annex 1, Convention Ongar Park Wood TL4902 4 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, EC Society Cites: Annex A, Global Red list status: Near Threatened, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part 1 Essex Milvus milvus bird Red Kite Birds Directive: Annex 1, Convention North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, EC Weald Common Society Cites: Annex A, Global Red list status: flood meadow and Near Threatened, Wildlife and Thornhill Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part 1 Essex Motacilla alba bird Pied Wagtail Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 30 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Motacilla alba bird Pied Wagtail Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Springs EWT Society

Page 43/99 Essex Motacilla flava bird Yellow Wagtail Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Stapleford Tawney TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Motacilla flava bird Yellow Wagtail Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Muscicapa striata bird Spotted Flycatcher Bern Convention: Appendix 2, St Margarets TL5400 1 2013 Birdwatching Convention on Migratory Species: Church, Stanford Society Appendix 2 Rivers Essex Muscicapa striata bird Spotted Flycatcher Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Stapleford Tawney TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Convention on Migratory Species: Society Appendix 2 Essex Field Mustela erminea terrestrial mammal Stoat Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TQ514990 TQ514990 1 1995 Club Essex Field Mustela erminea terrestrial mammal Stoat Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TL494015 TL494015 1 1996 Club Essex Field Mustela nivalis terrestrial mammal Weasel Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TQ514990 TQ514990 1 1995 Club EFC/EARG Natrix natrix reptile Grass Snake Bern Convention: Appendix 3, Wildlife Hawkesmere TQ508992 1 2000 and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Springs Section 9.1 (killing/injuring), Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b EFC/EARG Natrix natrix reptile Grass Snake Bern Convention: Appendix 3, Wildlife Weald Common TL498039 1 2003 and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 LNR Section 9.1 (killing/injuring), Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b

Page 44/99 Essex Bat Nyctalus noctula terrestrial mammal Noctule Bat Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Stanford Rivers, TL534008 1 2009 Group Convention on Migratory Species: Church of St Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Margaret Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Parus major bird Great Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 7 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Parus major bird Great Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Beachet TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching Wood/Mount End Society Essex Parus major bird Great Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 26 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Parus major bird Great Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Periparus ater bird Coal Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Periparus ater bird Coal Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 6 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Periparus ater bird Coal Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Phalacrocorax carbo bird Great Cormorant Convention on Migratory Species: North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching AEWA Annex II Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill

Page 45/99 Essex Phasianus colchicus bird Common Pheasant Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 Epping Forest TL4903 7 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Phasianus colchicus bird Common Pheasant Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 Essex, Stapleford TQ5099 2 2013 Birdwatching Tawney TQ59E Society Essex Phasianus colchicus bird Common Pheasant Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Phasianus colchicus bird Common Pheasant Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Springs EWT Society Essex Phasianus colchicus bird Common Pheasant Birds Directive: Annex 2.1 North Weald - TL5004 15 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Pica pica bird Eurasian Magpie Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Epping Forest TL4903 7 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Pica pica bird Eurasian Magpie Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Pica pica bird Eurasian Magpie Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Springs EWT Society Essex Pica pica bird Eurasian Magpie Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Greensted TL5403 1 2013 Birdwatching West Society Essex Pica pica bird Eurasian Magpie Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 North Weald - TL5004 32 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Picus viridis bird European Green Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 5 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker Burial Park Society Essex Picus viridis bird European Green Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker Rivers Society Essex Picus viridis bird European Green Bern Convention: Appendix 2 ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker Society

Page 46/99 Essex Picus viridis bird European Green Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker Springs EWT Society Essex Picus viridis bird European Green Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Greensted TL5403 1 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker West Society Essex Picus viridis bird European Green Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 15 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Bern North Weald TL502046 1 2011 Group Convention: Appendix 3, Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b

Page 47/99 Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Bern Toot Hill, Epping TL514022 1 2008 Group Convention: Appendix 3, Convention on Road Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Field Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Bern TL512022 TL512022 1 2008 Club Convention: Appendix 3, Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b

Page 48/99 Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Bern North Weald TL499045 1 2010 Group Convention: Appendix 3, Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Bern Toot Hill TL5102 1 2008 Group Convention: Appendix 3, Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b

Page 49/99 Essex Field Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Bern TL528004 TL528004 1 2005 Club Convention: Appendix 3, Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Bern CM5 9PW TL534008 1 2013 Group Convention: Appendix 3, Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b

Page 50/99 Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Bern The Old Rectory, TL528004 4 2005 Group Convention: Appendix 3, Convention on Stanford Rivers Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Field Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Bern TL514022 TL514022 2 2008 Club Convention: Appendix 3, Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b

Page 51/99 Essex Field Pipistrellus sp. terrestrial mammal Pipistrelle species Convention on Migratory Species: TL496038 TL496038 1 1982 Club Appendix 2, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Bat Pipistrellus sp. terrestrial mammal Pipistrelle species Convention on Migratory Species: Stanford Rivers, TL534008 1 2009 Group Appendix 2, The Conservation (Nature Church of St Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Margaret Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Field Plecotus auritus terrestrial mammal Brown Long-eared Bern Convention: Appendix 2, TQ527997 TQ527997 1 1997 Club Bat Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b

Page 52/99 Essex Field Plecotus auritus terrestrial mammal Brown Long-eared Bern Convention: Appendix 2, TQ527996 TQ527996 1 2003 Club Bat Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Bat Plecotus auritus terrestrial mammal Brown Long-eared Bern Convention: Appendix 2, Stanford Rivers, TL534008 1 2009 Group Bat Convention on Migratory Species: Church of St Appendix 2, Convention on Migratory Margaret Species: EUROBATS Annex I, Habitats Directive: Annex 4, The Conservation (Nature Habitats, etc.) Regulations (NI) 1995: Schedule 2, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010: Schedule 2, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4b, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.4c, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Poecile palustris bird Marsh Tit Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Prunella modularis bird Dunnock Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 24 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Prunella modularis bird Dunnock Bern Convention: Appendix 2 ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Birdwatching Society

Page 53/99 Essex Prunella modularis bird Dunnock Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Prunella modularis bird Dunnock Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Greensted TL5403 1 2013 Birdwatching West Society Essex Prunella modularis bird Dunnock Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 2 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Psittacula krameri bird Rose-ringed EC Cites: Annex C Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching Parakeet Society EFC/EARG Rana temporaria amphibian Common Frog Bern Convention: Appendix 3, Habitats North Weald TL497042 1 2012 Directive: Annex 5, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Regulus regulus bird Goldcrest Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Regulus regulus bird Goldcrest Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 7 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Regulus regulus bird Goldcrest Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Field Ruscus aculeatus flowering plant Butcher's-broom Habitats Directive: Annex 5 Stanford Rivers, TL4902 1 2012 Club Ongar Park Wood western remnant Essex Field Satyrium w-album insect - butterfly White-letter Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Wayletts: to Aspen TQ59J 2 2001 Club Hairstreak Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Wood Area Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Field Satyrium w-album insect - butterfly White-letter Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Wayletts / Aspen TQ59J 1 1999 Club Hairstreak Schedule 5 Section 9.5a, Wildlife and Wood Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 5 Section 9.5b Essex Sitta europaea bird Eurasian Nuthatch Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Society

Page 54/99 Essex Sitta europaea bird Eurasian Nuthatch Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 2 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Field Sorex araneus terrestrial mammal Common Shrew Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TQ514990 TQ514990 1 1995 Club Essex Field Sorex minutus terrestrial mammal Pygmy Shrew Bern Convention: Appendix 3 TQ514990 TQ514990 1 1995 Club Essex Streptopelia decaocto bird Eurasian Collared Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Greensted TL5403 1 2013 Birdwatching Dove West Society Essex Streptopelia decaocto bird Eurasian Collared Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Epping Forest TL4903 2 2013 Birdwatching Dove Burial Park Society Essex Streptopelia decaocto bird Eurasian Collared Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 North Weald - TL5004 31 2013 Birdwatching Dove Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Streptopelia decaocto bird Eurasian Collared Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Birdwatching Dove Society Essex Streptopelia decaocto bird Eurasian Collared Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Dove Rivers Society Essex Streptopelia turtur bird European Turtle Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, EC Cites: Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Dove Annex A Hall Farm Society Essex Sturnus vulgaris bird Common Starling Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Epping Forest TL4903 4 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Sturnus vulgaris bird Common Starling Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Sturnus vulgaris bird Common Starling Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 North Weald - TL5004 32 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Troglodytes troglodytes bird Winter Wren Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Epping Forest TL4903 6 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Troglodytes troglodytes bird Winter Wren Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society

Page 55/99 Essex Troglodytes troglodytes bird Winter Wren Bern Convention: Appendix 2 ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Troglodytes troglodytes bird Winter Wren Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Springs EWT Society Essex Troglodytes troglodytes bird Winter Wren Bern Convention: Appendix 2 Essex, Greensted TL5302 2 2013 Birdwatching West Society Essex Troglodytes troglodytes bird Winter Wren Bern Convention: Appendix 2 North Weald - TL5004 16 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Turdus iliacus bird Redwing Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Wildlife and North Weald - TL5004 20 2013 Birdwatching Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part Weald Common Society 1 flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Turdus iliacus bird Redwing Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Wildlife and Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part Burial Park Society 1 Essex Turdus iliacus bird Redwing Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Wildlife and Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part Society 1 Essex Turdus merula bird Common Blackbird Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Greensted TL5403 2 2013 Birdwatching West Society Essex Turdus merula bird Common Blackbird Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Stapleford TQ5099 2 2013 Birdwatching Tawney TQ59E Society Essex Turdus merula bird Common Blackbird Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Epping Forest TL4903 5 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Turdus merula bird Common Blackbird Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Turdus merula bird Common Blackbird Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Theydon Mount TQ4999 1 2013 Birdwatching (TQ49 Z) Society Essex Turdus merula bird Common Blackbird Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Beachet TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching Wood/Mount End Society

Page 56/99 Essex Turdus merula bird Common Blackbird Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Springs EWT Society Essex Turdus merula bird Common Blackbird Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 North Weald - TL5004 32 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 North Weald - TL5004 11 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Springs EWT Society Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Greensted TL5302 2 2013 Birdwatching West Society Essex Turdus pilaris bird Fieldfare Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Wildlife and North Weald - TL5004 23 2013 Birdwatching Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part Weald Common Society 1 flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Turdus pilaris bird Fieldfare Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Wildlife and Epping Forest TL4903 2 2013 Birdwatching Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part Burial Park Society 1 Essex Turdus pilaris bird Fieldfare Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Wildlife and Beachet TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part Wood/Mount End Society 1 Essex Turdus pilaris bird Fieldfare Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Wildlife and Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part Society 1 Essex Turdus viscivorus bird Mistle Thrush Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Essex, Stanford TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Turdus viscivorus bird Mistle Thrush Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Theydon Mount TQ4999 1 2013 Birdwatching (TQ49 Z) Society Essex Turdus viscivorus bird Mistle Thrush Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Epping Forest TL4903 3 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society

Page 57/99 Essex Turdus viscivorus bird Mistle Thrush Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Turdus viscivorus bird Mistle Thrush Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 Beachet TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching Wood/Mount End Society Essex Turdus viscivorus bird Mistle Thrush Birds Directive: Annex 2.2 North Weald - TL5004 5 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Tyto alba bird Barn Owl Bern Convention: Appendix 2, EC North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching Cites: Annex A, Wildlife and Weald Common Society Countryside Act 1981: Schedule 1 Part flood meadow and 1 Thornhill Essex Vanellus vanellus bird Northern Lapwing Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Convention Bovinger TL5205 1 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II, Society Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2 Essex Vanellus vanellus bird Northern Lapwing Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Convention Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II, area Society Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix 2 Essex Vanellus vanellus bird Northern Lapwing Birds Directive: Annex 2.2, Convention North Weald - TL5004 4 2013 Birdwatching on Migratory Species: AEWA Annex II, Weald Common Society Convention on Migratory Species: flood meadow and Appendix 2 Thornhill

Page 58/99 18. UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Section 41 Species Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is the whole variety of life on Earth. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) came about as a result of the 1992 Earth Summit. As one of 168 countries to sign up to the CBD, the UK was required to develop a national strategy for the conservation of biodiversity; the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP) was born.

The UKBAP is the result of contributions involving a wide range of people and organisations, enabling the identification of species and habitats that are listed as priorities for conservation action. A 2007 review of the UKBAP has resulted in 1149 species and 65 habitats being listed as conservation priorities. For more information see www.ukbap.org.uk.

In addition to the national priorities and targets, action is also being taken at local level. The Essex Biodiversity Project is responsible for implementing the Essex Biodiversity Action Plan, which has 28 priority species and 15 priority habitats currently listed. For more information see www.essexbiodiversity.org.uk.

The UK BAP

(from Explanatory Note by Defra and Natural England on Section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 - Habitats and Species of Principal Importance in England)

The England Biodiversity List has been developed to meet the requirements of Section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (2006). This legislation requires the Secretary of State to publish a list of species of flora and fauna and habitats considered to be of principal importance for the purpose of conserving biodiversity.

The S41 list will be used to guide decision-makers such as public bodies, including local and regional authorities, in implementing their duty under section 40 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 'to have regard' to the conservation of biodiversity in England, when carrying out their normal functions. In particular:

• Regional Planning Bodies and Local Planning Authorities will use it to identify the species and habitats that should be afforded priority when applying the requirements of National Planning Policy framework (NPPF) and PPS9 Circular to maintain, restore and enhance species and habitats.

• Local Planning Authorities will use it to identify the species and habitats that require specific consideration in dealing with planning and development control, recognising that under NPPF and PPS9 Circular the aim of planning decisions should be to avoid harm to all biodiversity.

• All Public Bodies will use it to identify species or habitats that should be given priority when implementing the NERC Section 40 duty.

Habitats of Principal Importance Fifty-six habitats of principal importance are included on the S41 list. These are all the habitats in England that have been identified as requiring action in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP). They range from habitats such as upland hay meadows to lowland mixed deciduous woodland and from freshwater habitats such as ponds to marine habitats such as subtidal sands and gravels.

Species of Principal Importance There are 943 species of principal importance included on the S41 list. These are the species found

Page 59/99 in England which have been identified as requiring action under the UK BAP. In addition, the Hen Harrier has also been included on the List because without continued conservation action it is unlikely that the Hen Harrier population will increase from its current very low levels in England.

Relationship with the UK Biodiversity List of Species and Habitats The UK BAP list of priority species and habitats is an important reference source and will be the focus for conservation action across the UK over the next decade. It has been used to draw up the species and habitats of principal importance in England under S41 of the NERC Act.

The revised UK BAP list of priority species and habitats can be downloaded from the UK Biodiversity Website: http://www.ukbap.org.uk/NewPriorityList.aspx

Relationship with the biodiversity duty under Section 40 of the NERC Act There is a general biodiversity duty in the NERC Act (Section 40) which requires every public body in the exercising of its functions to 'have regard, so far as is consistent with the proper exercise of those functions, to the purpose of conserving biodiversity'.

There is no direct relationship between the Section 41 duty on the Secretary of State to publish the list and promote the taking of steps to conserve the habitats and species on it, and the Section 40 duty on public bodies to have regard to the purpose of conserving biodiversity. Importantly:

(a) Biodiversity, as covered by the Section 40 duty includes all biodiversity and not just the habitats and species of principal importance. However, there is an expectation that public bodies would refer to the S41 list when complying with the section 40 duty.

(b) The duty on the Secretary of State to promote the taking of steps by others is not restricted to public bodies.

Defra guidance for local authorities and public bodies on implementing the biodiversity duty in the NERC Act draws attention to the S41 list, emphasising that local authorities and public bodies have a role to play in ensuring the protection of these species and habitats. Copies of the guidance can be downloaded from: http://archive.defra.gov.uk/environment/biodiversity/documents/pa-guid-english.pdf

Essex Biodiversity Action Plan The Essex Biodiversity Project was set up in 1999 for the purpose of implementing the Essex BAP, one of the 162 local BAPs in the UK. These were formed following the UK's signature to the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) and the subsequent need for action to conserve biodiversity at a local level.

The overall aim of the Essex Biodiversity Project is to protect, conserve and enhance the variety of wildlife species and habitats in Essex through the successful implementation of the Essex Biodiversity Action Plan.

Page 60/99 UK BAP Priority, Section 41 and Essex BAP Species Table Source Taxon Group Vernacular Status Location Position Records Latest Essex Field Acronicta psi insect - moth Grey Dagger Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Acronicta rumicis insect - moth Knot Grass Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Biodiversity Lists - England: England North Weald - TL5004 9 2013 Birdwatching NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Biodiversity Lists - England: England Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP Springs EWT Society Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Biodiversity Lists - England: England Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP Society Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Biodiversity Lists - England: England Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP Rivers Society Essex Field Apamea anceps insect - moth Large Nutmeg Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of EWT Hawksmere TQ508993 1 1985 Club priority species: Priority Species, Springs Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Apamea anceps insect - moth Large Nutmeg Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Apamea remissa insect - moth Dusky Brocade Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of EWT Hawksmere TQ508993 1 1985 Club priority species: Priority Species, Springs Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Apamea remissa insect - moth Dusky Brocade Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41

Page 61/99 Essex Field Arvicola amphibius terrestrial mammal Northern Water Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TL525014 TL525014 2 1994 Club Vole priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP Essex Field Caradrina morpheus insect - moth Mottled Rustic Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Caradrina morpheus insect - moth Mottled Rustic Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of EWT Hawksmere TQ508993 1 1985 Club priority species: Priority Species, Springs Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Carduelis cabaret bird Lesser Redpoll Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of North Weald - TL5004 3 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Weald Common Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England flood meadow and NERC S.41 Thornhill Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL5302 7 1991 Club pamphilus priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Biodiversity Lists - England: England Greensted, Essex NERC S.41 CM5 9LS Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Gernon Bushes TL40W 3 1991 Club pamphilus priority species: Priority Species, EWT Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Epping: TL494033 1 2014 Club pamphilus priority species: Priority Species, Greenacres Biodiversity Lists - England: England Woodland Burial NERC S.41 site Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club pamphilus priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Greenstead: area TL50G 1 1990 Club pamphilus priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of EWT Hawksmere TQ508993 3 1985 Club pamphilus priority species: Priority Species, Springs Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41

Page 62/99 Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Berwick Lane,Toot TL5101 1 1996 Club pamphilus priority species: Priority Species, Hill Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Stanford Rivers, TL50F 1 1998 Club pamphilus priority species: Priority Species, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Cuculus canorus bird Common Cuckoo Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Weald Common Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England flood meadow and NERC S.41 Thornhill Essex Field Diarsia rubi insect - moth Small Square-spot Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of EWT Hawksmere TQ508993 2 1985 Club priority species: Priority Species, Springs Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Diarsia rubi insect - moth Small Square-spot Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Ecliptopera silaceata insect - moth Small Phoenix Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, area Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Burial Park Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Rivers Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41

Page 63/99 Essex Field Ennomos quercinaria insect - moth August Thorn Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Erinaceus europaeus terrestrial mammal Western Hedgehog Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Birching Coppice TL490025 1 1980 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Erinaceus europaeus terrestrial mammal Western Hedgehog Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TL511023 TL511023 1 1999 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Graphiphora augur insect - moth Double Dart Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Hemistola insect - moth Small Emerald Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club chrysoprasaria priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Hepialus humuli insect - moth Ghost Moth Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Lasiommata megera insect - butterfly Wall Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Lasiommata megera insect - butterfly Wall Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Birching Coppice TL490025 1 1980 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Lasiommata megera insect - butterfly Wall Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Gernon Bushes TL40W 3 1991 Club priority species: Priority Species, EWT Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Lepus europaeus terrestrial mammal Brown Hare Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TL490030 TL490030 1 1996 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP

Page 64/99 Essex Field Lepus europaeus terrestrial mammal Brown Hare Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TQ514990 TQ514990 1 1995 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP Essex Field Lepus europaeus terrestrial mammal Brown Hare Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TL495013 TL495013 1 1994 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP Essex Field Lepus europaeus terrestrial mammal Brown Hare Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TL525014 TL525014 2 1994 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP Essex Field Malacosoma neustria insect - moth Lackey Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Melanchra persicariae insect - moth Dot Moth Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Micromys minutus terrestrial mammal Harvest Mouse Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TQ491995 TQ491995 1 1998 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Micromys minutus terrestrial mammal Harvest Mouse Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TL523022 TL523022 1 1999 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Micromys minutus terrestrial mammal Harvest Mouse Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TL508022 TL508022 1 1999 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Micromys minutus terrestrial mammal Harvest Mouse Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TL539004 TL539004 1 1999 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Micromys minutus terrestrial mammal Harvest Mouse Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TL517019 TL517019 1 1999 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41

Page 65/99 Essex Muscicapa striata bird Spotted Flycatcher Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Stapleford Tawney TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Muscicapa striata bird Spotted Flycatcher Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of St Margarets TL5400 1 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Church, Stanford Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England Rivers NERC S.41 Essex Field Mythimna comma insect - moth Shoulder-striped Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club Wainscot priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 EFC/EARG Natrix natrix reptile Grass Snake Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Weald Common TL498039 1 2003 priority species: Priority Species, LNR Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 EFC/EARG Natrix natrix reptile Grass Snake Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Hawkesmere TQ508992 1 2000 priority species: Priority Species, Springs Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Bat Nyctalus noctula terrestrial mammal Noctule Bat Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Stanford Rivers, TL534008 1 2009 Group priority species: Priority Species, Church of St Biodiversity Lists - England: England Margaret NERC S.41 Essex Passer domesticus bird House Sparrow Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of North Weald - TL5004 29 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Weald Common Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England flood meadow and NERC S.41 Thornhill Essex Passer domesticus bird House Sparrow Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Essex, Stanford TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Rivers Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Passer domesticus bird House Sparrow Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Essex, Stapleford TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Tawney TQ59E Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Pechipogo strigilata insect - moth Common Fan-foot Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41

Page 66/99 Essex Field Phellodon melaleucus fungus Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Epping Forest TL4902 1 2013 Club priority species: Priority Species, Woodland Burial Biodiversity Lists - England: England Park (mixed NERC S.41 woodland) Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP Toot Hill TL5102 1 2008 Group Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP North Weald TL502046 1 2011 Group Essex Field Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP TL514022 TL514022 2 2008 Club Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP CM5 9PW TL534008 1 2013 Group Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP Toot Hill, Epping TL514022 1 2008 Group Road Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP The Old Rectory, TL528004 4 2005 Group Stanford Rivers Essex Field Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP TL528004 TL528004 1 2005 Club Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP North Weald TL499045 1 2010 Group Essex Field Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP TL512022 TL512022 1 2008 Club Essex Field Plecotus auritus terrestrial mammal Brown Long-eared Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TQ527997 TQ527997 1 1997 Club Bat priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Bat Plecotus auritus terrestrial mammal Brown Long-eared Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Stanford Rivers, TL534008 1 2009 Group Bat priority species: Priority Species, Church of St Biodiversity Lists - England: England Margaret NERC S.41 Essex Field Plecotus auritus terrestrial mammal Brown Long-eared Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of TQ527996 TQ527996 1 2003 Club Bat priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Satyrium w-album insect - butterfly White-letter Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Wayletts / Aspen TQ59J 1 1999 Club Hairstreak priority species: Priority Species, Wood Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Satyrium w-album insect - butterfly White-letter Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Wayletts: to Aspen TQ59J 2 2001 Club Hairstreak priority species: Priority Species, Wood Area Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41

Page 67/99 Essex Field Scotopteryx insect - moth Shaded Broad-bar Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club chenopodiata priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Spilosoma lubricipeda insect - moth White Ermine Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Spilosoma luteum insect - moth Buff Ermine Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of EWT Hawksmere TQ508993 2 1985 Club priority species: Priority Species, Springs Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Spilosoma luteum insect - moth Buff Ermine Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Streptopelia turtur bird European Turtle Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Dove priority species: Priority Species, Hall Farm Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Timandra comae insect - moth Blood-vein Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of EWT Hawksmere TQ508993 2 1985 Club priority species: Priority Species, Springs Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of North Weald - TL5004 11 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Weald Common Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England flood meadow and NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP Thornhill Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Essex, Greensted TL5302 2 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, West Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Springs EWT Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Burial Park Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41, Essex BAP: EBAP

Page 68/99 Essex Field Tyria jacobaeae insect - moth Cinnabar Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Ongar Park Wood TL498026 1 2007 Club priority species: Priority Species, Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Vanellus vanellus bird Northern Lapwing Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of North Weald - TL5004 4 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Weald Common Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England flood meadow and NERC S.41 Thornhill Essex Vanellus vanellus bird Northern Lapwing Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, area Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Vanellus vanellus bird Northern Lapwing Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Bovinger TL5205 1 2013 Birdwatching priority species: Priority Species, Society Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Watsonalla binaria insect - moth Oak Hook-tip Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41 Essex Field Xanthorhoe ferrugata insect - moth Dark-barred Biodiversity Action Plan UK list of Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club Twin-spot Carpet priority species: Priority Species, Cottage, Ongar Biodiversity Lists - England: England NERC S.41

Page 69/99 19. Global & National Red List and Scarce Designations

Red Data Book Species

National Red Data Book species are those falling within the Status categories defined in the British Red Data Books (Bratton, 1991; Shirt, 1987). These are internationally recognised species listed in the various Red Data Books published by, or under the auspices of, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Species included may not be informally removed or transferred between categories. Nationally Endangered (RDB1) taxa are those considered to be in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating. These include species known from only a single locality since 1970, species restricted to habitats which are especially vulnerable, species which have shown a rapid and continuous decline in the last twenty years and are now estimated to exist in five or fewer ten km squares and species believed extinct but which would need protection if re-discovered. Nationally Vulnerable (RDB2) taxa are those that are believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors causing their decline continue operating. This includes species declining throughout their range, species in vulnerable habitats and species whose populations are low. Nationally Rare (RDB3) taxa are those with small populations that are not at present Endangered or Vulnerable, but are at risk. This includes species known or estimated to exist in only 15 or fewer post 1970 ten km squares. Insuffiently Known (RDBK) taxa are those suspected of falling into categories 1-3, but about which there is insufficient information to be certain.

Some families in Diptera (flies) have recently had new status reviews published (Falk, S.J. & Crossley, R., 2005; Falk, S.J. & Chandler, P., 2005). A brief outline of the revised IUCN criteria and their application, as summarised in these reviews, is given below.

EXTINCT (EX) A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.

EXTINCT IN THE WILD (EW) A taxon is Extinct in the wild when it is known to survive only in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalised population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed extinct in the wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual) throughout its range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon's life cycle and life form.

CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR) A taxon is Critically Endangered when it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future, as detailed by any of the criteria A to E. *

ENDANGERED (EN) A taxon is Endangered when it is not Critically Endangered but is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future, as defined by any of the criteria A to E. *

VULNERABLE (VU) A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critically Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium term future, as defined by any of the criteria A to D. *

LOWER RISK (LR) A taxon is Lower Risk when it has been evaluated but does not satisfy the criteria for any of the categories Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. Taxa included in the Lower Risk category can be separated into three sub-categories:

Page 70/99 Conservation Dependent (cd) Taxa which are the focus of a continuing taxon-specific or habitat-specific conservation programme targeted towards the taxon in question, the cessation of which would result in the taxon qualifying for one of the threatened categories above within a period of five years.

Near Threatened (nt) Taxa which do not qualify for Lower Risk (Conservation Dependent), but which are close to qualifying for Vulnerable.

Least Concern (lc) Taxa which do not qualify for Lower Risk (Conservation Dependent) or Lower Risk (Near Threatened).

DATA DEFICIENT (DD) A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct or indirect assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat or Lower Risk. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that a threatened category is appropriate.

NOT EVALUATED (NE) A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not been assessed against the criteria.

Nationally Scarce species

The concept of Nationally Scarce (Notable) species was introduced by Ball (1986). They are species which are estimated to occur within the range of 16 to 100 ten-kilometre squares of the British National Grid system since 1970 and are subdivided as follows: Notable/Na refers to species estimated to occur within the range of 16 to 30 10-kilometre squares of the National Grid System. Notable/Nb refers to species estimated to occur within the range 31 to 100 10-kilometre squares of the National Grid System. Diptera (flies) and some Coleoptera (beetles) are not separated. Categorisations have been revised for various taxonomic groups including Araneae (spiders) in Merrett (1990), aculeate Hymenoptera in Falk (1991a), Coleoptera in Hyman & Parsons (1992, 1994), Diptera in Falk (1991b), Hemiptera in Kirby (1992) and Pyralidae (Lepidoptera) in Parsons (1993).

The concept of nationally scarce (Notable) species is unaltered in the new status reviews (e.g. Falk, S.J. & Crossley, R., 2005; Falk, S.J. & Chandler, P., 2005), but the status is now known as Scarce.

In a new national spider review a 'Watching Brief' category in included for some species where the data available suggest a greater level of threat, but there is uncertainty about the evidence of decline. There are also a number of much more widespread and common species where the data suggest strong declines may be occurring. These have placed these in the ‘Watching Brief’ category outside of the national status review, but these species should be specifically monitored in the future to understand their status more satisfactorily.

Page 71/99 National Status Species Table Source Taxon Group Vernacular Status Location Position Records Latest Essex Field Achaearanea simulans spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on small wood NW of TL511013 1 1992 Club IUCN criteria) 1990: Nationally Notable Knightsland Wood Essex Field Achaearanea simulans spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Knightsland Wood, TL511013 1 1992 Club IUCN criteria) 1990: Nationally Notable Small Wood Nw Of Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 9 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - red flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Springs EWT Society Status - red Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Red data categories - birds (not based Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - red Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - red Essex Alcedo atthis bird Common Kingfisher Red data categories - birds (not based Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Anas platyrhynchos bird Mallard Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Springs EWT Society Status - amber Essex Anas platyrhynchos bird Mallard Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Anas platyrhynchos bird Mallard Red data categories - birds (not based ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Anthus pratensis bird Meadow Pipit Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 4 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Anthus pratensis bird Meadow Pipit Red data categories - birds (not based Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Apus apus bird Common Swift Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - amber

Page 72/99 Essex Apus apus bird Common Swift Red data categories - birds (not based Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Burial Park Society Status - amber Essex Apus apus bird Common Swift Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Apus apus bird Common Swift Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Greensted TL5302 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population West Society Status - amber Essex Field Ballus chalybeius spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Colliers Hatch, TL4902 1 1991 Club IUCN criteria) 2012: pNationally Scarce Birching Coppice B Essex Field Ballus chalybeius spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Colliers TL4902 1 1991 Club IUCN criteria) 2012: pNationally Scarce Hatch,Birching B Coppice Essex Carduelis cabaret bird Lesser Redpoll Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 3 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - red flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Carduelis cannabina bird Common Linnet Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - red flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Carduelis cannabina bird Common Linnet Red data categories - birds (not based Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population area Society Status - red Essex Carduelis cannabina bird Common Linnet Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - red Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Red listing based on 2001 IUCN Repentance TL5302 7 1991 Club pamphilus guidelines: Near Threatened Cottage, Greensted, Essex CM5 9LS Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Red listing based on 2001 IUCN Gernon Bushes TL40W 3 1991 Club pamphilus guidelines: Near Threatened EWT Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Red listing based on 2001 IUCN Epping: TL494033 1 2014 Club pamphilus guidelines: Near Threatened Greenacres Woodland Burial site Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Red listing based on 2001 IUCN Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club pamphilus guidelines: Near Threatened Cottage, Ongar

Page 73/99 Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Red listing based on 2001 IUCN Greenstead: area TL50G 1 1990 Club pamphilus guidelines: Near Threatened Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Red listing based on 2001 IUCN EWT Hawksmere TQ508993 3 1985 Club pamphilus guidelines: Near Threatened Springs Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Red listing based on 2001 IUCN Berwick Lane,Toot TL5101 1 1996 Club pamphilus guidelines: Near Threatened Hill Essex Field Coenonympha insect - butterfly Small Heath Red listing based on 2001 IUCN Stanford Rivers, TL50F 1 1998 Club pamphilus guidelines: Near Threatened Ongar Essex Columba oenas bird Stock Dove Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - amber Essex Columba oenas bird Stock Dove Red data categories - birds (not based Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population area Society Status - amber Essex Cuculus canorus bird Common Cuckoo Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - red flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Delichon urbicum bird Common House Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stapleford TQ5099 2 2013 Birdwatching Martin on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Tawney TQ59E Society Status - amber Essex Delichon urbicum bird Common House Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching Martin on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Dendrocopos minor bird Lesser Spotted Red data categories - birds (not based Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - red Essex Egretta garzetta bird Little Egret Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 5 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Red data categories - birds (not based Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population area Society Status - red Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Red data categories - birds (not based Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - red Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Red data categories - birds (not based Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Burial Park Society Status - red

Page 74/99 Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - red Essex Falco tinnunculus bird Common Kestrel Red data categories - birds (not based Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Falco tinnunculus bird Common Kestrel Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - amber Essex Falco tinnunculus bird Common Kestrel Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Springs EWT Society Status - amber Essex Falco tinnunculus bird Common Kestrel Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 11 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Gallinago gallinago bird Common Snipe Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Field Haplodrassus silvestris spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Colliers Hatch TL498026 2 1989 Club IUCN criteria) 1990: Nationally Notable, Red Listing based on 2001 IUCN guidelines: Vulnerable Essex Field Hieracium flowering plant Large-toothed Rare and scarce species (not based on Theydon Mount, TL491012 3 1994 Club prominentidens Hawkweed IUCN criteria): Nationally rare, Red High Warren listing based on 2001 IUCN guidelines: Vulnerable Essex Hirundo rustica bird Barn Swallow Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Springs EWT Society Status - amber Essex Hirundo rustica bird Barn Swallow Red data categories - birds (not based Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Hirundo rustica bird Barn Swallow Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - amber Essex Hirundo rustica bird Barn Swallow Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Greensted TL5302 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population West Society Status - amber

Page 75/99 Essex Hirundo rustica bird Barn Swallow Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 5 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Larus argentatus bird Herring Gull Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - red flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Larus canus bird Mew Gull Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Larus canus bird Mew Gull Red data categories - birds (not based Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population area Society Status - amber Essex Larus canus bird Mew Gull Red data categories - birds (not based Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Burial Park Society Status - amber Essex Larus fuscus bird Lesser Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 12 2013 Birdwatching Black-backed Gull on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Larus fuscus bird Lesser Red data categories - birds (not based Bovinger TL5205 1 2013 Birdwatching Black-backed Gull on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Larus fuscus bird Lesser Red data categories - birds (not based Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching Black-backed Gull on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Burial Park Society Status - amber Essex Field Lasiommata megera insect - butterfly Wall Red listing based on 2001 IUCN Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club guidelines: Near Threatened Cottage, Ongar Essex Field Lasiommata megera insect - butterfly Wall Red listing based on 2001 IUCN Birching Coppice TL490025 1 1980 Club guidelines: Near Threatened Essex Field Lasiommata megera insect - butterfly Wall Red listing based on 2001 IUCN Gernon Bushes TL40W 3 1991 Club guidelines: Near Threatened EWT Essex Field Lasius brunneus insect - an ant Rare and scarce species (not based on Greensted Green TL526037 1 2003 Club hymenopteran IUCN criteria): Nationally Notable A Essex Milvus milvus bird Red Kite Red data categories - birds (not based Ongar Park Wood TL4902 4 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Milvus milvus bird Red Kite Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill

Page 76/99 Essex Field Moebelia penicillata spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Knightsland Wood, TL511013 1 1991 Club IUCN criteria) 2012: pNationally Scarce Wood Nw Of B (Watching brief) Essex Field Moebelia penicillata spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on small wood NW of TL511013 1 1991 Club IUCN criteria) 2012: pNationally Scarce Knightsland Wood B (Watching brief) Essex Field Moebelia penicillata spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Colliers Hatch TL498026 2 1989 Club IUCN criteria) 2012: pNationally Scarce B (Watching brief) Essex Motacilla flava bird Yellow Wagtail Red data categories - birds (not based Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - red Essex Motacilla flava bird Yellow Wagtail Red data categories - birds (not based Stapleford Tawney TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - red Essex Muscicapa striata bird Spotted Flycatcher Red data categories - birds (not based Stapleford Tawney TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - red Essex Muscicapa striata bird Spotted Flycatcher Red data categories - birds (not based St Margarets TL5400 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Church, Stanford Society Status - red Rivers Essex Passer domesticus bird House Sparrow Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 29 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - red flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Passer domesticus bird House Sparrow Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - red Essex Passer domesticus bird House Sparrow Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stapleford TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Tawney TQ59E Society Status - red Essex Field Philodromus praedatus spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Colliers Hatch TL499026 3 1990 Club IUCN criteria) 1990: Nationally Notable Essex Field Philodromus praedatus spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Knightsland Wood, TL511013 1 1992 Club IUCN criteria) 1990: Nationally Notable Small Wood Nw Of Essex Field Philodromus praedatus spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Colliers Hatch, TL4902 1 1991 Club IUCN criteria) 1990: Nationally Notable Birching Coppice Essex Field Philodromus praedatus spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Colliers Hatch TL498026 3 1989 Club IUCN criteria) 1990: Nationally Notable Essex Field Philodromus praedatus spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on small wood NW of TL511013 1 1992 Club IUCN criteria) 1990: Nationally Notable Knightsland Wood

Page 77/99 Essex Field Philodromus praedatus spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Colliers TL4902 1 1991 Club IUCN criteria) 1990: Nationally Notable Hatch,Birching Coppice Essex Phylloscopus trochilus bird Willow Warbler Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Phylloscopus trochilus bird Willow Warbler Red data categories - birds (not based Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Picus viridis bird European Green Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - amber Essex Picus viridis bird European Green Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Greensted TL5403 1 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker on IUCN criteria): Bird Population West Society Status - amber Essex Picus viridis bird European Green Red data categories - birds (not based ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Picus viridis bird European Green Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 15 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Picus viridis bird European Green Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Springs EWT Society Status - amber Essex Picus viridis bird European Green Red data categories - birds (not based Epping Forest TL4903 5 2013 Birdwatching Woodpecker on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Burial Park Society Status - amber Essex Field Platypalpus ingenuus insect - true fly Red Listing based on 1994 IUCN Toot Hill TL500015 1 1983 Club (Diptera) guidelines: Near Threatened Essex Poecile palustris bird Marsh Tit Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - red flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Field Polypogon flowering plant Annual Rare and scarce species (not based on Bobbingworth C.P., TL5104 1 2015 Club monspeliensis Beard-grass IUCN criteria): Nationally scarce Blake's Golf Course Essex Prunella modularis bird Dunnock Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 24 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill

Page 78/99 Essex Prunella modularis bird Dunnock Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Greensted TL5403 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population West Society Status - amber Essex Prunella modularis bird Dunnock Red data categories - birds (not based ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Prunella modularis bird Dunnock Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - amber Essex Prunella modularis bird Dunnock Red data categories - birds (not based Epping Forest TL4903 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Burial Park Society Status - amber Essex Pyrrhula pyrrhula bird Eurasian Bullfinch Red data categories - birds (not based Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Pyrrhula pyrrhula bird Eurasian Bullfinch Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - amber Essex Pyrrhula pyrrhula bird Eurasian Bullfinch Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 4 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Field Satyrium w-album insect - butterfly White-letter Red listing based on 2001 IUCN Wayletts / Aspen TQ59J 1 1999 Club Hairstreak guidelines: Endangered Wood Essex Field Satyrium w-album insect - butterfly White-letter Red listing based on 2001 IUCN Wayletts: to Aspen TQ59J 2 2001 Club Hairstreak guidelines: Endangered Wood Area Essex Field Solva marginata insect - true fly Rare and scarce species (not based on Blake Hall Coal TL524037 1 1983 Club (Diptera) IUCN criteria): Nationally Notable Yard Essex Streptopelia turtur bird European Turtle Red data categories - birds (not based Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Dove on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Hall Farm Society Status - red Essex Sturnus vulgaris bird Common Starling Red data categories - birds (not based Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - red Essex Sturnus vulgaris bird Common Starling Red data categories - birds (not based Epping Forest TL4903 4 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Burial Park Society Status - red Essex Sturnus vulgaris bird Common Starling Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 32 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - red flood meadow and Thornhill

Page 79/99 Essex Sylvia communis bird Common Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching Whitethroat on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Sylvia communis bird Common Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Whitethroat on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Springs EWT Society Status - amber Essex Sylvia communis bird Common Red data categories - birds (not based ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Birdwatching Whitethroat on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Sylvia communis bird Common Red data categories - birds (not based Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Whitethroat on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Sylvia communis bird Common Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Whitethroat on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - amber Essex Sylvia communis bird Common Red data categories - birds (not based Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching Whitethroat on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Burial Park Society Status - amber Essex Field Syntrichia virescens moss Lesser Screw-moss Rare and scarce species (not based on Stanford Rivers, TL5300 1 1995 Club IUCN criteria): Nationally scarce churchyard Essex Field Syntrichia virescens moss Lesser Screw-moss Rare and scarce species (not based on Greensted-Juxta-O TL5302 1 1995 Club IUCN criteria): Nationally scarce ngar, churchyard Essex Field Thanatus striatus spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on small wood NW of TL511013 1 1991 Club IUCN criteria) 2012: pNationally Scarce Knightsland Wood B Essex Field Thanatus striatus spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Knightsland Wood, TL511013 1 1991 Club IUCN criteria) 2012: pNationally Scarce Wood Nw Of B Essex Field Trematocephalus spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Colliers Hatch TL498026 3 1989 Club cristatus IUCN criteria) 1990: Nationally Notable, Rare and scarce species (not based on IUCN criteria) 2012: pNationally Scarce A Essex Field Trifolium ochroleucon flowering plant Sulphur Clover Rare and scarce species (not based on Hawksmere TQ508992 1 1981 Club IUCN criteria): Nationally scarce, Red Springs listing based on 2001 IUCN guidelines: Near Threatened Essex Field Trifolium ochroleucon flowering plant Sulphur Clover Rare and scarce species (not based on Stapleford Tawney, TQ5099 2 2001 Club IUCN criteria): Nationally scarce, Red Hawkesmoor listing based on 2001 IUCN guidelines: Spring Near Threatened

Page 80/99 Essex Turdus iliacus bird Redwing Red data categories - birds (not based Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Burial Park Society Status - red Essex Turdus iliacus bird Redwing Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 20 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - red flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Turdus iliacus bird Redwing Red data categories - birds (not based Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - red Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 11 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - red flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Greensted TL5302 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population West Society Status - red Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Springs EWT Society Status - red Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Red data categories - birds (not based Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Burial Park Society Status - red Essex Turdus pilaris bird Fieldfare Red data categories - birds (not based Epping Forest TL4903 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Burial Park Society Status - red Essex Turdus pilaris bird Fieldfare Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 23 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - red flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Turdus pilaris bird Fieldfare Red data categories - birds (not based Beachet TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Wood/Mount End Society Status - red Essex Turdus pilaris bird Fieldfare Red data categories - birds (not based Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - red Essex Turdus viscivorus bird Mistle Thrush Red data categories - birds (not based Ongar Park Wood TL4902 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - amber Essex Turdus viscivorus bird Mistle Thrush Red data categories - birds (not based Essex, Stanford TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Rivers Society Status - amber

Page 81/99 Essex Turdus viscivorus bird Mistle Thrush Red data categories - birds (not based Beachet TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Wood/Mount End Society Status - amber Essex Turdus viscivorus bird Mistle Thrush Red data categories - birds (not based Theydon Mount TQ4999 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population (TQ49 Z) Society Status - amber Essex Turdus viscivorus bird Mistle Thrush Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 5 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Turdus viscivorus bird Mistle Thrush Red data categories - birds (not based Epping Forest TL4903 3 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Burial Park Society Status - amber Essex Tyto alba bird Barn Owl Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - amber flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Vanellus vanellus bird Northern Lapwing Red data categories - birds (not based North Weald - TL5004 4 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Weald Common Society Status - red flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Vanellus vanellus bird Northern Lapwing Red data categories - birds (not based Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population area Society Status - red Essex Vanellus vanellus bird Northern Lapwing Red data categories - birds (not based Bovinger TL5205 1 2013 Birdwatching on IUCN criteria): Bird Population Society Status - red Essex Field Walckenaeria spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on small wood NW of TL511013 1 1992 Club dysderoides IUCN criteria) 2012: pNationally Scarce Knightsland Wood B (Watching brief) Essex Field Walckenaeria spider (Araneae) Rare and scarce species (not based on Knightsland Wood, TL511013 1 1992 Club dysderoides IUCN criteria) 2012: pNationally Scarce Small Wood Nw Of B (Watching brief)

Page 82/99 20. Essex Red Data List Species Information contained in the Inventory The Essex Red Data List was compiled in 2002 for English Nature (now Natural England), with the input of County Recorders and other county specialists and with an extensive period of consultation. The full list is available at www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Essex+Red+Data+List.

The list is an important compilation of Essex information, helping to inform and better enable biodiversity and planning decisions throughout the county. As an internet resource, the list has been updated, with changes listed on the website.

Inclusion of species on the list is guided by the following key criteria:

• In the national Red Data List (where one exists) • Nationally Scarce/Notable (where there is an available definition and list). • Species which are rare, declining and/or subject to a high degree of threat in Essex (and not in either of the above categories).

Depending on the degree of regional knowledge this is related to:

• Species recorded in few modern sites (X or fewer sites, since 19XX). • Species with restricted distribution occurring in habitats under a high degree of threat nationally and/or within the county. • More widespread species which have undergone a substantial decline in number or distribution since 19XX. • Species which are extinct in Essex, and for which there is significant potential for re-establishment, either naturally or through intervention.

The values of X will vary for different taxonomic groups; County Recorders and other county specialists have used their knowledge to determine the threshold values for each particular taxonomic group in Essex.

In addition, Essex Red Data List Threat Statuses have been assigned to the Arachnida, aculeate Hymenoptera, Syrphidae, larger Brachycera, Orthoptera and Odonata taxonomic groups. These threat categories are defined* as:

Essex Endangered

• Species known as a single population within a single post-1980 1km² or only from threatened or vulnerable sites in Essex.

• Species believed extinct in Essex.

Essex Vulnerable

• Species known from only two populations in Essex.

• Essex Rare species which are restricted to habitats or sites known to be under threat in Essex.

• Species which only occur at sites in Essex known to be vulnerable.

• Species which have shown a continuous decline over the last twenty years and are now known to exist in less than 1% of the covered post-1980 1km² in Essex.

Page 83/99 Essex Threatened

• Essex Scarce species with a Frequency Ratio of less than 1.5 and Tetrad percentage of less than 1.0 indicating widely isolated populations within the county.

• Essex Scarce species which are restricted to habitats or sites known to be under threat in the county.

• Species which have shown a continuous decline over the last twenty years.

Regionally Important

• Species which are important in a national context because Essex contains a significant proportion of the national populations.

• Species which are important in a national context because they have a close association with a specific nationally threatened habitat included in the Biodiversity Action Plan.

• Species which are important in a national context because they are dominant in or peculiar to a specific habitat for which Essex contains a large percentage of the national habitat.

* Detailed information is available at http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Essex+Red+Data+threat+statuses

Where a taxon not included in the list has been recorded from 6 or less of the 57 hectads (10km squares) covering the Watsonian VCs 18 and 19 it has been accorded a provisional Essex Red Data List status (pListed) here.

Page 84/99 Essex Red Species Table Source Taxon Group Vernacular Status Location Position Records Latest Essex Field Achaearanea simulans spider (Araneae) Essex Red Data List: Listed small wood NW of TL511013 1 1992 Club Knightsland Wood Essex Field Achaearanea simulans spider (Araneae) Essex Red Data List: Listed Knightsland Wood, TL511013 1 1992 Club Small Wood Nw Of Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data North Weald - TL5004 9 2013 Birdwatching List: Listed Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching List: Listed Springs EWT Society Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching List: Listed Society Essex Alauda arvensis bird Sky Lark Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching List: Listed Rivers Society Essex Field Apodemus flavicollis terrestrial mammal Yellow-necked Essex Red Data List: Listed TQ514990 TQ514990 1 1995 Club Mouse Essex Field Argynnis paphia insect - butterfly Silver-washed Essex Red Data List: Appendix Ongar Park Wood TL490025 1 2006 Club Fritillary complex Essex Field Arvicola amphibius terrestrial mammal Northern Water Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data TL525014 TL525014 2 1994 Club Vole List: Listed Essex Field Athyrium filix-femina fern Lady-fern Essex Red Data List: Listed Beachet Wood TL4901 1 2013 Club north Essex Field Azelia triquetra insect - true fly Essex Red Data List: pListed Aspen Wood TQ537994 1 1984 Club (Diptera) Essex Carduelis cannabina bird Common Linnet Essex Red Data List: Listed North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Carduelis cannabina bird Common Linnet Essex Red Data List: Listed Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching area Society Essex Carduelis cannabina bird Common Linnet Essex Red Data List: Listed Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Field Carex acuta flowering plant Slender Essex Red Data List: Listed Hawksmere TQ508992 1 1981 Club Tufted-sedge Springs

Page 85/99 Essex Field Carex disticha flowering plant Brown Sedge Essex Red Data List: Listed Stanford Rivers, TL5100 1 1978 Club Knightlands Wood Essex Field Carex disticha flowering plant Brown Sedge Essex Red Data List: Listed North Weald TL4903 1 1996 Club Station marsh and green lane Essex Field Carex nigra flowering plant Common Sedge Essex Red Data List: Listed Hawksmere TQ508992 1 1981 Club Springs Essex Field Carex panicea flowering plant Carnation Sedge Essex Red Data List: Listed Hawksmere TQ508992 1 1981 Club Springs Essex Field Cerodontha insect - true fly Essex Red Data List: pListed Aspen Wood TQ537994 1 1984 Club flavocingulata (Diptera) Essex Field Chaenorhinum minus flowering plant Small Toadflax Essex Red Data List: Listed North Weald TL4903 1 1996 Club Station marsh and green lane Essex Field Chrysosplenium flowering plant Opposite-leaved Essex Red Data List: Listed Beachet Wood TL4901 1 1972 Club oppositifolium Golden-saxifrage north Essex Field Chrysosplenium flowering plant Opposite-leaved Essex Red Data List: Listed Stanford Rivers, TL500022 1 1969 Club oppositifolium Golden-saxifrage Collier's Hatch Essex Delichon urbicum bird Common House Essex Red Data List: Listed Essex, Stapleford TQ5099 2 2013 Birdwatching Martin Tawney TQ59E Society Essex Delichon urbicum bird Common House Essex Red Data List: Listed North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching Martin Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Field Drapetis assimilis insect - true fly Essex Red Data List: pListed Essex Way TL495025 1 1983 Club (Diptera) Essex Field Drapetis pusilla insect - true fly Essex Red Data List: pListed Essex Way TL495025 1 1983 Club (Diptera) Essex Field Dryopteris affinis fern Essex Red Data List: Listed Beachet Wood TL4901 1 2013 Club subsp. affinis north Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Essex Red Data List: Listed Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching area Society Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Essex Red Data List: Listed Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Essex Red Data List: Listed Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching Burial Park Society Essex Emberiza citrinella bird Yellowhammer Essex Red Data List: Listed Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society

Page 86/99 Essex Field Epilobium obscurum flowering plant Short-fruited Essex Red Data List: Listed Stanford Rivers, TL4902 1 2012 Club Willowherb Ongar Park Wood western remnant Essex Field Epipactis helleborine flowering plant Broad-leaved Essex Red Data List: Listed Stanford Rivers, TL4902 1 2012 Club Helleborine Ongar Park Wood western remnant Essex Field Eptesicus serotinus terrestrial mammal Serotine Essex Red Data List: Listed TQ507998 TQ507998 1 1986 Club Essex Field Eptesicus serotinus terrestrial mammal Serotine Essex Red Data List: Listed TL497042 TL497042 2 1988 Club Essex Field Erinaceus europaeus terrestrial mammal Western Hedgehog Essex Red Data List: Listed Birching Coppice TL490025 1 1980 Club Essex Field Erinaceus europaeus terrestrial mammal Western Hedgehog Essex Red Data List: Listed TL511023 TL511023 1 1999 Club Essex Falco subbuteo bird Eurasian Hobby Essex Red Data List: Listed North Weald - TL5004 2 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Field Galium uliginosum flowering plant Fen Bedstraw Essex Red Data List: Listed Hawksmere TQ508992 1 1981 Club Springs Essex Gallinago gallinago bird Common Snipe Essex Red Data List: Listed North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Field Gastropacha insect - moth Lappet Essex Red Data List: Listed Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club quercifolia Cottage, Ongar Essex Field Haplodrassus silvestris spider (Araneae) Essex Red Data List: Listed Colliers Hatch TL498026 2 1989 Club Essex Field Lasius brunneus insect - an ant Essex Red Data List: Listed Greensted Green TL526037 1 2003 Club hymenopteran Essex Field Lepus europaeus terrestrial mammal Brown Hare Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data TL490030 TL490030 1 1996 Club List: Listed Essex Field Lepus europaeus terrestrial mammal Brown Hare Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data TQ514990 TQ514990 1 1995 Club List: Listed Essex Field Lepus europaeus terrestrial mammal Brown Hare Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data TL495013 TL495013 1 1994 Club List: Listed Essex Field Lepus europaeus terrestrial mammal Brown Hare Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data TL525014 TL525014 2 1994 Club List: Listed Essex Field Macrocera stigma insect - true fly Essex Red Data List: pListed Aspen Wood TQ537994 1 1984 Club (Diptera)

Page 87/99 Essex Field Melanargia galathea insect - butterfly Marbled White Essex Red Data List: Listed Epping: TL494033 1 2014 Club Greenacres Woodland Burial site Essex Field Meles meles terrestrial mammal Badger Essex Red Data List: Listed TQ514990 TQ514990 1 1995 Club Essex Field Meles meles terrestrial mammal Badger Essex Red Data List: Listed TQ526993 TQ526993 1 2009 Club Essex Motacilla flava bird Yellow Wagtail Essex Red Data List: Listed Stanford Rivers TL5300 2 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Motacilla flava bird Yellow Wagtail Essex Red Data List: Listed Stapleford Tawney TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Muscicapa striata bird Spotted Flycatcher Essex Red Data List: Listed Stapleford Tawney TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Muscicapa striata bird Spotted Flycatcher Essex Red Data List: Listed St Margarets TL5400 1 2013 Birdwatching Church, Stanford Society Rivers Essex Bat Nyctalus noctula terrestrial mammal Noctule Bat Essex Red Data List: Listed Stanford Rivers, TL534008 1 2009 Group Church of St Margaret Essex Field Oenanthe flowering plant Corky-fruited Essex Red Data List: Listed North Weald TL4904 1 2003 Club pimpinelloides Water-dropwort Airfield Essex Field Pechipogo strigilata insect - moth Common Fan-foot Essex Red Data List: Listed Repentance TL530030 1 1982 Club Cottage, Ongar Essex Field Phytomyza ilicis insect - true fly Essex Red Data List: pListed Birching Coppice TL490025 1 1987 Club (Diptera) Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data Toot Hill TL5102 1 2008 Group List: Listed Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data North Weald TL502046 1 2011 Group List: Listed Essex Field Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data TL514022 TL514022 2 2008 Club List: Listed Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data CM5 9PW TL534008 1 2013 Group List: Listed Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data Toot Hill, Epping TL514022 1 2008 Group List: Listed Road Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data The Old Rectory, TL528004 4 2005 Group List: Listed Stanford Rivers Essex Field Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data TL528004 TL528004 1 2005 Club List: Listed

Page 88/99 Essex Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data North Weald TL499045 1 2010 Group List: Listed Essex Field Pipistrellus pipistrellus terrestrial mammal Common Pipistrelle Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data TL512022 TL512022 1 2008 Club List: Listed Essex Field Platycnemis pennipes insect - dragonfly White-legged Essex Red Data List: Listed Essex TL538009 1 2000 Club (Odonata) Damselfly Essex Field Platypalpus ingenuus insect - true fly Essex Red Data List: pListed Toot Hill TL500015 1 1983 Club (Diptera) Essex Field Plecotus auritus terrestrial mammal Brown Long-eared Essex Red Data List: Listed TQ527997 TQ527997 1 1997 Club Bat Essex Bat Plecotus auritus terrestrial mammal Brown Long-eared Essex Red Data List: Listed Stanford Rivers, TL534008 1 2009 Group Bat Church of St Margaret Essex Field Plecotus auritus terrestrial mammal Brown Long-eared Essex Red Data List: Listed TQ527996 TQ527996 1 2003 Club Bat Essex Field Pocadicnemis pumila spider (Araneae) Essex Red Data List: pListed Colliers Hatch TL498026 3 1989 Club sens. str. Essex Field Polypogon flowering plant Annual Essex Red Data List: Listed Bobbingworth C.P., TL5104 1 2015 Club monspeliensis Beard-grass Blake's Golf Course Essex Field Polystichum setiferum fern Soft Shield-fern Essex Red Data List: Listed Hawksmere TQ508992 1 1981 Club Springs Essex Pyrrhula pyrrhula bird Eurasian Bullfinch Essex Red Data List: Listed Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Society Essex Pyrrhula pyrrhula bird Eurasian Bullfinch Essex Red Data List: Listed Essex, Stanford TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Rivers Society Essex Pyrrhula pyrrhula bird Eurasian Bullfinch Essex Red Data List: Listed North Weald - TL5004 4 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Field Rhamphomyia gibba insect - true fly Essex Red Data List: pListed Essex Way TL495025 1 1983 Club (Diptera) Essex Field Rhinanthus minor flowering plant Yellow-rattle Essex Red Data List: Listed Hawksmere TQ508992 1 1981 Club Springs Essex Field Silaum silaus flowering plant Pepper-saxifrage Essex Red Data List: Listed Hawksmere TQ508992 1 1981 Club Springs Essex Field Silaum silaus flowering plant Pepper-saxifrage Essex Red Data List: Listed Stapleford Tawney, TQ5099 1 2007 Club Hawkesmoor Spring Essex Field Solva marginata insect - true fly Essex Red Data List: Listed Blake Hall Coal TL524037 1 1983 Club (Diptera) Yard

Page 89/99 Essex Streptopelia turtur bird European Turtle Essex Red Data List: Listed Stanford Rivers TL5300 1 2013 Birdwatching Dove Hall Farm Society Essex Field Succisa pratensis flowering plant Devil's-bit Scabious Essex Red Data List: Listed Hawksmere TQ508992 1 1981 Club Springs Essex Field Tipula staegeri insect - true fly Essex Red Data List: pListed Toot Hill, Seven TL510029 1 2000 Club (Diptera) Springs Wood Essex Field Trematocephalus spider (Araneae) Essex Red Data List: Listed Colliers Hatch TL498026 3 1989 Club cristatus Essex Field Trichina clavipes insect - true fly Essex Red Data List: pListed Essex Way TL495025 1 1983 Club (Diptera) Essex Field Trifolium ochroleucon flowering plant Sulphur Clover Essex Red Data List: Listed Hawksmere TQ508992 1 1981 Club Springs Essex Field Trifolium ochroleucon flowering plant Sulphur Clover Essex Red Data List: Listed Stapleford Tawney, TQ5099 2 2001 Club Hawkesmoor Spring Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data North Weald - TL5004 11 2013 Birdwatching List: Listed Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data Essex, Greensted TL5302 2 2013 Birdwatching List: Listed West Society Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data Essex, Hawksmere TQ5099 1 2013 Birdwatching List: Listed Springs EWT Society Essex Turdus philomelos bird Song Thrush Essex BAP: EBAP, Essex Red Data Epping Forest TL4903 1 2013 Birdwatching List: Listed Burial Park Society Essex Tyto alba bird Barn Owl Essex Red Data List: Listed North Weald - TL5004 1 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Vanellus vanellus bird Northern Lapwing Essex Red Data List: Listed North Weald - TL5004 4 2013 Birdwatching Weald Common Society flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Vanellus vanellus bird Northern Lapwing Essex Red Data List: Listed Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Birdwatching area Society Essex Vanellus vanellus bird Northern Lapwing Essex Red Data List: Listed Bovinger TL5205 1 2013 Birdwatching Society

Page 90/99 Essex Field Viola palustris flowering plant Marsh Violet Essex Red Data List: Listed Hawksmere TQ508992 1 1981 Club Springs

Page 91/99 21. Invasive Species

Information about invasive species Invasive species may threaten habitats and species with biodiversity and nature conservation value. Where invasive species are present, action may or may not be appropriate to control their spread or to eliminate them from sites and habitats.

Invasive Species Action Plans are used to help coordinate the response to key invasive non-native species across England, Scotland and Wales. The plans provide a short and strategic overview identifying the key aims, objectives and actions. They can be seen on the Defra website at https://secure.fera.defra.gov.uk/nonnativespecies/index.cfm?sectionid=92

Action on invasive species The appropriate response to the presence of an invasive species will vary depending on the species and the degree to which it is or may in the future cause damage to the ecology at the location.

Identification of invasive species Identification of invasive non-native species is an essential part of invasive species management and guidance can be found on the Defra website at https://secure.fera.defra.gov.uk/nonnativespecies/index.cfm?sectionid=47

Invasive species records Most existing records of invasive species in Essex are made during general recording, although there are plans to encourage targetted recording of these species in the future.

Where you have records of invasive species for the search area, please submit them to us by email to [email protected] or via our website at www.essexfieldclub.org.uk

Where invasive species have been recorded, their records are summarised in the following table.

Page 92/99 Invasive Species

Source Taxon Group Vernacular Location Position Records Latest Essex Birdwatching Branta canadensis bird Canada Goose North Weald - Weald TL5004 1 2013 Society Common flood meadow and Thornhill Essex Birdwatching Branta canadensis bird Canada Goose ASHLYNS FARM TL5105 1 2013 Society Essex Field Club Galega officinalis flowering plant Goat's-rue North Weald Bassett C.P., TL5004 1 2015 Blake Golf Course Essex Field Club Muntiacus reevesi mammal Muntjac Deer TQ521992 TQ521992 1 2008 Essex Field Club Muntiacus reevesi mammal Muntjac Deer TL514008 TL514008 1 1997 Essex Field Club Muntiacus reevesi mammal Muntjac Deer TQ514990 TQ514990 1 1995 Essex Field Club Muntiacus reevesi mammal Muntjac Deer TL490030 TL490030 1 2006 Essex Birdwatching Psittacula krameri bird Rose-ringed Parakeet Beachet Wood TL4900 1 2013 Society

Page 93/99 Page 94/99 Page 95/99 Summary of Species Record Counts Records of Scheduled Species

Records in scheduled categories as detailed in this report are enumerated below.

Protected Species Records 988 Priority / NERC S41 Species Records 167 Global & National Red List and Scarce Species Records 405 Essex Red Data List Species Records 145 Invasive Species Records 8

Records used in preparing this report

Counts below are for all records within the designated search area used in the preparation of this report This table is for your information only and is intended to show the relative contribution from each taxonomic group, even if excluded from the results by the desk study criteria requested.

Essex Bat Group 12 Essex Birdwatching Society 1151

Essex Field Club County Recorder counts Aculeata 6 Aculeata: Apinae 5 Aculeata: Formicidae 17 Amphibians and reptiles 3 Araneae 633 Auchenorrhyncha 0 Bats 10 Birds 0 Coleoptera 5 Diptera: Larger Brachycera 3 Diptera: other groups 41 Diptera: Syrphidae 21 Fungi 55 Heteroptera 2 Hymenoptera: other groups 2 Isopoda 8 Lepidoptera: butterflies 386 Lepidoptera: macromoths 146 Lepidoptera: micromoths 146 Lichens 0 Mammals 59 Mollusca 1 Myriapoda 0 Non-vascular plants 309 Odonata 14 Opiliones 4 Orthoptera group 44 Pseudoscorpiones 4 Slime moulds 0 Vascular plants 916

Page 96/99 Geological Site Information The geological site database includes and describes geological sites which are of regional or local importance for their scientific, historical and/or educational value unlike the strictly scientific criteria applied to the SSSIs (Sites of Special Scientific Interest) which are of national importance. These are not 'second tier' sites but sites of regional and local value in their own right.

Some of these sites are being designated as Local Geological Sites (LOGS), formerly called Regionally Important Geological Sites, or have the potential to be so designated, and these sites are marked as such. Existing SSSIs which have been designated for their geological importance are also included in this database.

Note: Some of the sites in the geological site database are solely of historical interest as a record of an important or interesting discovery. There are also sites which are not strictly geological but nevertheless have a geological connection, for example buildings constructed of local stone. These sites have not been included in this report.

Although many of the sites listed are publicly accessible, inclusion of a site in this database does not imply any rights of access. Permission to visit must always be obtained from the relevant landowner.

There are no geological Sites of Special Scientific Interest, Potential Local Geological or Designated Local Geological Sites identified in relation to the search area.

Page 97/99 Additional geological Site Information The following general geological sites have also been identified. Further information is available from www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/A-Z+Geological+Site+Index

No general geological sites are identified in relation to the search area

Page 98/99 Contents Index

Information related to the enquiry site area enclosed within this report...... 3 Introduction...... 4 Data available through the Essex Recorders partnership...... 5 Search Area ...... 6 All of a Buzz in the Thames Gateway ...... 8 Nature Improvement Areas (NIAs)...... 9 Special Areas of Conservation ...... 10 Special Protection Areas...... 12 Ramsar sites...... 13 Marine Conservation Zone/s...... 14 National Nature Reserve/s...... 15 Sites of Special Scientific Interest...... 16 Local Nature Reserves...... 18 Country Park/s...... 20 Open Country and Common Land ...... 21 Ancient woodland Inventory...... 23 Traditional Orchard Inventory ...... 25 Invertebrate Assemblage Information...... 28 Protected Species...... 29 UK BAP Priority, Section 41 and Essex BAP Species ...... 59 Global & National Red List and Scarce Designation ...... 70 Essex Red Data List Species...... 83 Invasive Species...... 92 Record Density Map ...... 94 Species Density Map ...... 95 Summary of Species Record Counts ...... 96 Geological Site Information ...... 97

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