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Educación Ambiental: Importancia Crucial REVISTA CIENTíFICA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EDUCATIVA DE LA UNAE Investigadores y profesionales de la EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL: IMPORTANCIA CRUCIAL La revista RUNAE es una revista científica de docencia, de todas las etapas y modalidades PARA NUESTRO PLANETA ámbito nacional e internacional, que educativas, tienen en este medio una entiende las Ciencias de la Educación como plataforma para fomentar la Educación por Monográfico 01 un campo interdisciplinario. La revista RUNAE medio de trabajos originales y Diciembre 2017 fomenta el intercambio de ideas, reflexiones metodológicamente bien fundamentados, ya e investigaciones con la comunidad científica sea de investigación básica, innovación o de forma plurilingüe e intercultural: aplicada. castellano, inglés, francés, portugués y kichwa. La revista RUNAE tiene como ejes centrales los valores propios de una sociedad En la revista RUNAE se publican trabajos de intercultural, basada en el conocimiento en acuerdo con los principios científicos el marco del Sumak Kawsay (Buen Vivir). universales que contribuyan al avance del Parte de tres ejes fundamentales orientados conocimiento, entre los que se encuentran: a la reflexión y promoción de la reproductividad, factibilidad, aplicabilidad, transformación educativa: la especialización, precisión, comunicabilidad, democratización, la calidad y la pertinencia. verificabilidad, generalización, capacidad Como revista de educación potencia la explicativa, predictibilidad, apertura y no generación de modelos educativos de completitud. Es una revista asociada al excelencia, caracterizados por distintos campo de las Ciencias de la Educación y de aspectos, como el enfoque de derechos, la las demás disciplinas asociadas que ecología de saberes y la interculturalidad. enriquecen sus fuentes. Contacto: [email protected] REVISTA CIENTíFICA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EDUCATIVA DE LA UNAE Investigadores y profesionales de la EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL: IMPORTANCIA CRUCIAL La revista RUNAE es una revista científica de docencia, de todas las etapas y modalidades PARA NUESTRO PLANETA ámbito nacional e internacional, que educativas, tienen en este medio una entiende las Ciencias de la Educación como plataforma para fomentar la Educación por Monográfico 01 un campo interdisciplinario. La revista RUNAE medio de trabajos originales y Diciembre 2017 fomenta el intercambio de ideas, reflexiones metodológicamente bien fundamentados, ya e investigaciones con la comunidad científica sea de investigación básica, innovación o de forma plurilingüe e intercultural: aplicada. castellano, inglés, francés, portugués y kichwa. La revista RUNAE tiene como ejes centrales los valores propios de una sociedad En la revista RUNAE se publican trabajos de intercultural, basada en el conocimiento en acuerdo con los principios científicos el marco del Sumak Kawsay (Buen Vivir). universales que contribuyan al avance del Parte de tres ejes fundamentales orientados conocimiento, entre los que se encuentran: a la reflexión y promoción de la reproductividad, factibilidad, aplicabilidad, transformación educativa: la especialización, precisión, comunicabilidad, democratización, la calidad y la pertinencia. verificabilidad, generalización, capacidad Como revista de educación potencia la explicativa, predictibilidad, apertura y no generación de modelos educativos de completitud. Es una revista asociada al excelencia, caracterizados por distintos campo de las Ciencias de la Educación y de aspectos, como el enfoque de derechos, la las demás disciplinas asociadas que ecología de saberes y la interculturalidad. enriquecen sus fuentes. Contacto: [email protected] REVISTA CIENTíFICA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EDUCATIVA DE LA UNAE Monográfico 01, 2017 ISSN: 2550-6846 Impreso / ISSN: 2550-6854 Digital Azogues - Ecuador UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN DEL ECUADOR – UNAE RECTOR Dr. Freddy Álvarez COMISIÓN GESTORA Dra. Helen Quinn Dr. Ángel Pérez Gómez Dr. Joaquim Prats Dr. Axel Didriksson Abg. Sebastián Fernández de Córdova VICERRECTORA ACADÉMICA Dra. Rebeca Castellanos VICERRECTORADO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y POSGRADO Dra. María Nelsy Rodríguez. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EDUCATIVA RUNAE DIRECTOR Dr. Javier Collado SUBDIRECTOR Mgs. Diego Apolo COORDINADORA MONOGRÁFICO Dra. Lucía Torres- Muros EDITOR TEMÁTICO Dr. Antonio Malo Larrea COMITE EDITORIAL INTERNO Dra. Lucia Torres Dra. Ximena Castaño COMITE EDITORIAL EXTERNO Dra. Francisca Marli Rodriges de Andrade - Universidad Federal Fluminense Dra. Cristina Núñez Madrazo - Universidad de Veracruz Dra. Carmen Vas - Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Dr. Ángel Mora - Universidad Experimental de Guayana Dr. Rafael Mondragón - Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas. UNAM Dra. Julia Zullo - Facultad Filosofía y Letras - UBA Dr. Armando Muyulema - University of Wisconsin-Madison Dr. Enrique Espinoza Freire - Universidad Técnica de Machala Dr. Miguel Sola - Universidad de Málaga Dra. Ginesa Ana López Crespo - Universidad de Zaragoza Dra. Elena Kárpava - Universidad de Granada. DIRECTOR EDITORIAL Mtr. Sebastián Endara CORRECCIÓN Dra. María Luisa Torres DISEÑO Y DIAGRAMACIÓN Dis. Anaela Alvarado ILUSTRACIÓN Lic. Antonio Bermeo GESTIÓN REVISTA DIGITAL Ing. Napoleón Gerardo Peralta Diciembre de 2017 Revista bianual ISSN 2550-6846 Impreso ISSN 2550-6854 Digital Universidad Nacional de Educación del Ecuador- UNAE Parroquia Javier Loyola (Chuquipata), Azogues - Ecuador Teléfonos: (593) (7) 3701200. www.unae.edu.ec E-mail: [email protected] CONTENIDO 7 Educación ambiental, educación para la diversidad Antonio MALO Larrea 9 Prólogo. Mónica Reinoso 15 Interview with Peter McLaren: “Critical Education Must Transform the World” Javier Collado-Ruano 33 Biofilia, restauración urgente para la vida Ángel Cabrera BAZ 51 Natureza Amazônica e Educação Ambiental: Identidades, saberes docentes e representações sociais Francisca MARLI Rodriges de Andrade 71 Value-based Education in Culture and Curriculum. Gandhi’s Ideas for Sustainable Development Varalakshmi Moganty Sudha Sreenivasa Reddy 93 ¿Qué piensa y qué siente el alumnado ante las problemáticas socio-ambientales de nuestro mundo? Olga Moreno-Fernández Francisco G. García-Pérez 109 Pedagogía para el desarrollo de nuevos modelos mentales de sostenibilidad Isabel Rimanoczy 129 Aplicaciones e interacciones de la Educación Ambiental Róger Martínez Castillo 149 Uma breve reflexão sobre os desafios da Educação Ambiental no ensino formal brasileiro JOÃO Pedro Garcia Araujo Valdir Lamim Guedes JÚnior 167 La educación ambiental en Puerto Rico: propuesta para un modelo interdisciplinario de educación formal Marta Rivera Rondón 185 La Educación: Más allá de un objetivo Jorge Gómez-Paredes 201 ¿Crisis ambiental o del conocimiento? Los retos de la educación para la sostenibilidad y la igualdad social Byron Cevallos Trujillo Laura Alejandra Terreros Bejarano 221 Educación Ambiental. Evolución y desarrollo en el contexto reglado escolar español Macarena Esteban Ibáñez 241 Reglamentos y normas EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL, EDUCACIÓN PARA LA DIVERSIDAD El presente número de la revista RUNAE se enfoca en la educación ambiental, un tema actual y fundamental que debe ser discutido, analizado y reflexionado. Encontraremos contribuciones de investigadores de múltiples países como Ecuador, España, Brasil, India, entre muchos otros, haciendo de este número una verdadera edición multicultural. Ecuador es considerado como uno de los diecisiete países más biodiversos del mundo, y si se cuenta la cantidad de especies por hectárea, es el país más biodiverso de la tierra. Pero ¿qué significa ser un país megadiverso? ¿por qué debería de importarnos? El Convenio sobre Diversidad Biológica se refiere a la biodiversidad como “la variabilidad de organismos de cualquier fuente, incluidos, entre otras cosas, los ecosistemas terrestres y marinos y otros ecosistemas acuáticos y los complejos ecológicos de los que forman parte; comprende la diversidad dentro de cada especie, entre las especies y de los ecosistemas, como resultado de procesos naturales y culturales”. Esta definición es fundamental para entender por qué la biodiversidad es de vital importancia para la humanidad. El primer elemento a notar es que al hablar de biodiversidad no se refiere solamente a la cantidad de especies, sino también a nivel macro a la variabilidad de los ecosistemas de un territorio, y a nivel micro, a la diversidad genética que cada especie tiene. Sin embargo, esta ruptura en la conceptualización de la biodiversidad a nivel físico, a nivel tangible, no es la única que marca esta definición que hoy cuenta ya con 25 años. Nos dice, además, que la biodiversidad surge de procesos naturales y culturales, por lo tanto, la biodiversidad tiene también un componente simbólico, intangible. La biodiversidad y la humanidad estamos vinculadas tanto de forma física, como de manera simbólica. Sin embargo, todo esto se sigue sosteniendo en una concepción dicotómica del universo, del cosmos, la humanidad y la biodiversidad como entidades separadas. Frente a eso, la sabiduría ancestral andina nos cuenta que toda la vida, y por supuesto, la humanidad, es hija de la tierra, de la Paccha Mama, que no somos cosas distintas, somos lo mismo. El planeta tierra entero, y evidentemente también el Ecuador, vive actualmente la sexta extinción en masa de la biodiversidad, la primera causada por el ser humano. Nuestros hermanos y hermanas, hijas de la Paccha Mama están muriendo por nuestra causa. Es cuestión de tiempo que esa extinción nos arrastre a nosotros también, pues necesitamos del resto de seres vivos no sólo para ser felices,
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