DOCSLIB.ORG

Paper Mills in the US May 2017 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Paper Mills in the US May 2017 1 WWW.IBISWORLD.COM Paper Mills in the US May 2017 1 Paper jam: Foreign competition and declining demand for paper will plague industry mills This report was provided to IBISWorld Staff Member (2127139711) by IBISWorld on 26 October 2017 in accordance with their licence agreement with IBISWorld IBISWorld Industry Report 32212 Paper Mills in the US May 2017 Anya Cohen 2 About this Industry 17 International Trade 36 Key Statistics 2 Industry Definition 20 Business Locations 36 Industry Data 2 Main Activities 36 Annual Change 2 Similar Industries 22 Competitive Landscape 36 Key Ratios 3 Additional Resources 22 Market Share Concentration 37 Industry Financial Ratios 22 Key Success Factors 4 Industry at a Glance 22 Cost Structure Benchmarks 38 Jargon & Glossary 24 Basis of Competition 5 Industry Performance 25 Barriers to Entry 5 Executive Summary 26 Industry Globalization 5 Key External Drivers 7 Current Performance 28 Major Companies 9 Industry Outlook 28 Verso Corporation 11 Industry Life Cycle 31 Operating Conditions 13 Products & Markets 31 Capital Intensity 13 Supply Chain 32 Technology & Systems 14 Products & Services 33 Revenue Volatility 15 Demand Determinants 34 Regulation & Policy 16 Major Markets 34 Industry Assistance www.ibisworld.com | 1-800-330-3772 | [email protected] WWW.IBISWORLD.COM Paper Mills in the US May 2017 2 About this Industry Industry Definition The Paper Mills industry manufactures newsprint, packaging material and paper in paper mills from pulp, a household papers. These products are fibrous material derived from wood. sold in bulk to individual consumers, Mill operators may manufacture their businesses and downstream own pulp or purchase it. Industry manufacturers who may further convert products include paper rolls and reams, the industry’s products into specialty including printing and writing paper, paper products. Main Activities The primary activities of this industry are Manufacturing rolls of printing paper, writing paper, packaging paper and industrial paper from pulp Manufacturing clay-coated paper Manufacturing absorbent sanitary and tissue paper Manufacturing newsprint The major products and services in this industry are Facial tissue Napkins Newsprint Paper towels Toilet tissue Other sanitary products Similar Industries 32211 Wood Pulp Mills in the US Industry operators manufacture pulp from woodchips but do not manufacture paper or paperboard. 32213 Paperboard Mills in the US Industry operators manufacture cardboard from pulp and recycled materials. 32222 Coated & Laminated Paper Manufacturing in the US Industry operators purchase paper from mills and treat it by coating and laminating it. The industry also manufactures paper bags and sacks. 32223 Office Stationery Manufacturing in the US Industry operators convert purchased paper and paperboard into office stationery. Some mills may convert their own paper into stationery products. 32229a Sanitary Paper Product Manufacturing in the US Industry operators purchase sanitary paper from mills and convert it into various tissue products. Some mills may convert their own sanitary paper. 32229b Paper Product Manufacturing in the US Industry operators purchase paper from mills and convert it into various paper products. 42411 Paper Wholesaling in the US Industry operators purchase paper rolls from manufacturers and distribute them to retailers or directly to customers. Some large clients may bypass the wholesaler and buy directly from mills. Provided to: IBISWorld Staff Member (2127139711) | 26 October 2017 WWW.IBISWORLD.COM Paper Mills in the US May 2017 3 About this Industry Similar Industries 42412 Office Stationery Wholesaling in the US continued Industry operators purchase stationery from manufacturers and distribute it to retailers and customers. Additional Resources For additional information on this industry www.afandpa.org American Forest & Paper Association www.icfpa.org International Council of Forest & Paper Associations www.gonpta.com National Paper Trade Association www.paperage.com PaperAge Magazine www.pulpandpaper.net PulpandPaper.net IBISWorld writes over 1000 US industry reports, which are updated up to four times a year. To see all reports, go to www.ibisworld.com Provided to: IBISWorld Staff Member (2127139711) | 26 October 2017 WWW.IBISWORLD.COM Paper Mills in the US May 2017 4 Industry at a Glance Paper Mills in 2017 Key Statistics Revenue Annual Growth 12-17 Annual Growth 17-22 Snapshot $43.8bn -2.8% -2.5% Profit Exports Businesses $2.1bn $7.6bn 132 Revenue vs. employment growth Demand from paper manufacturing Market Share Verso Corporation 5 6 7.8% 3 0 0 -5 -3 % change % change -6 -10 -9 -15 -12 Year 09 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 Year 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Revenue Employment SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM p. 28 Products and services segmentation (2017) Key External Drivers 6.9% Napkins Demand from paper 24.4% manufacturing 11.8% Newsprint Corporate profit Facial tissue Price of paper Percentage of services conducted online 14.9% Trade-weighted index Paper towels 21.7% Toilet tissue p. 5 20.3% Other sanitary products SOURCE:SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM WWW.IBISWORLD.COM Industry Structure Life Cycle Stage Decline Regulation Level Heavy Revenue Volatility Low Technology Change Medium Capital Intensity Medium Barriers to Entry High Industry Assistance Medium Industry Globalization Medium Concentration Level Low Competition Level High FOR ADDITIONAL STATISTICS AND TIME SERIES SEE THE APPENDIX ON PAGE 36 Provided to: IBISWorld Staff Member (2127139711) | 26 October 2017 WWW.IBISWORLD.COM Paper Mills in the US May 2017 5 Industry Performance Executive Summary | Key External Drivers | Current Performance Industry Outlook | Life Cycle Stage Executive The Paper Mills industry has struggled downstream operators to trade up to Summary over the past five years due to high-quality paper, the rising number of competition from foreign paper services conducted online has continued manufacturers and persistently declining to pressure demand for industry goods. demand for paper products. Industry Over the five years to 2017, the operators have toiled with concerns percentage of services conducted online surrounding the increasing popularity of has increased at an annualized rate of online communication, which has 13.4%, which means that more significantly reduced demand for consumers are turning to the internet traditional paper products. Furthermore, than ever before. Due to the increasingly operators in the United States are no digital landscape of the United States, longer the world’s largest producers of fewer consumers are using paper for paper, having been overtaken by Chinese things like advertising or communication. This trend has pressured downstream demand for industry products, and in The rising percentage of services conducted 2017, IBISWorld estimates that industry online continues to prolong the industry’s revenue will decline 0.4%, along with a 4.1% increase in the percentage of gradual decline services conducted online. Over the five years to 2022, the manufacturers, which has caused industry will continue to encounter industry exports to decline. As a result of challenges, particularly as paper these negative trends, IBISWorld purchases from print publishing estimates that revenue for the Paper industries gradually wane. Demand for Mills industry has fallen at an annualized paper products may not change rate of 2.8% over the five years to 2017, significantly, but the increasing presence totaling $43.8 billion. of digital office communication Over the five years to 2017, the platforms will certainly remain a industry has suffered from slowed growing threat to industry revenue going demand from downstream markets amid forward. As a result of this competitive vastly reduced spending on nearly all pressure, IBISWorld expects industry forms of commercial and industrial paper revenue to decline at an annualized rate products. Despite an increase in of 2.5% over the five years to 2022, corporate profit, which has enabled totaling $38.6 billion. Key External Drivers Demand from paper manufacturing Corporate profit Paper product manufacturing industries Purchases of paper products can vary are significant users of paper mill depending on the level of activity in key products. An increase in activity and downstream markets, such as finance, revenue for these downstream industries advertising and publishing industries. indicates growing demand for paper rolls Corporate profit growth typically and reams, which will positively affect improves business sentiment, mill operators. Demand from paper encourages business expansion and manufacturing is expected to increase in increases demand for the industry’s 2017, representing a potential products. Corporate profit is expected to opportunity for the industry. increase in 2017. Provided to: IBISWorld Staff Member (2127139711) | 26 October 2017 WWW.IBISWORLD.COM Paper Mills in the US May 2017 6 Industry Performance Key External Drivers Price of paper is expected to increase in 2017, posing a continued Industry revenue largely depends on the potential threat to the industry. retail price of the goods produced. Changes in the domestic prices of Trade-weighted index printing and writing paper cause The trade-weighted index (TWI) measures fluctuations in revenue, with higher the value of the US dollar relative to the prices resulting in growing revenue and currencies of its largest trading partners. If lower prices cutting into the industry’s the TWI decreases, the relative prices of US revenue and profit
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Understanding Matboard
    FRAMING FUNDAMENTALS by Jared Davis, MCPF, GCF Understanding Matboard Being the best frame shop in your area starts with the best products. atboard is a fundamental compo- Mnent of almost every framed pic- ture. However, understanding the vast range of information and choices avail- able in matboards can be daunting. In this article, I aim to provide some useful insights about matboard to help you to dispel some of the myths and decipher some of the facts about this vital aspect of our profession. The two primary purposes for matboard that the introduction of a matboard can in- Different grades of matboard are are to provide protection for the artwork and crease both the size and level of value in the designed for to enhance the framing design. sale of a frame. different appli- cations. Under- 1) Protect. The last consumer survey con- standing which choice to make is ducted by the Professional Picture Fram- How Matboard is Made important to both ers Association found that the num- Matboards are comprised of layers of pa- your customer and your business. ber-one reason why a consumer chose to per of various thickness, laminated together. custom frame an artwork was to protect The papers and core of a matboard are made the item. Preservation, clearly, is of prima- from either unpurified wood pulp, purified al- ry importance to your customer. pha-cellulose wood pulp, or in the case of mu- 2) Enhance. A matboard can help the view- seum-grade board, cotton linter pulp. er to focus correctly on the image.
    [Show full text]
  • Infra Oct03 An
    CONSTRUCTION • PUBLIC WORKS • NATURAL RESOURCES Volume 8, Number 9 • October 2003 Welcome to InfraStructures CONSTRUCTION • TRAVAUX PUBLICS • RESSOURCES NATURELLES Volume 8 Number 9 Until recently, InfraStructures has been read mainly by French speaking October 2003 users of heavy machinery. Over the last seven years, InfraStructures has become a leader in its field. First by becoming the only magazine covering all aspects of the industry published in French in Canada. Then by being the first to publish all its editorial content on the web, and also by being the only construction magazine, published in French, having a significant readership outside the Province of Quebec. ÉDITOR / PUBLISHER Jean-François Villard For many years, we have received requests for an English version of InfraStructures. Technical limitations, and the lack of advertising revenue have prevented us from publishing such a magazine in print. Now, with the ADVERTISING extent of the use of Internet by professionals, we feel that the time as come MONTRÉAL for a portable digital file (.pdf) version of InfraStructures in English. Jean-François Villard André Charlebois While the content of the English version differs slightly from the original, most of the important news will be published in English. In the near future, QUEBEC City more and more of the content of the original will be translated into English. Gilbert Marquis (418) 651-1176 With over 500 visitors per day on average, spending over 13 minutes per visit, the website of InfraStructures in one of the most important sites of this kind. More than two thirds of the visitors come from outside Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Paper from Trees
    Making Paper from Trees Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture FS-2 MAKING PAPER FROM TREES Paper has been a key factor in the progress of civilization, especially during the past 100 years. Paper is indispensable in our daily life for many purposes. It conveys a fantastic variety and volume of messages and information of all kinds via its use in printing and writing-personal and business letters, newspapers, pamphlets, posters, magazines, mail order catalogs, telephone directories, comic books, school books, novels, etc. It is difficult to imagine the modern world without paper. Paper is used to wrap packages. It is also used to make containers for shipping goods ranging from food and drugs to clothing and machinery. We use it as wrappers or containers for milk, ice cream, bread, butter, meat, fruits, cereals, vegetables, potato chips, and candy; to carry our food and department store purchases home in; for paper towels, cellophane, paper handkerchiefs and sanitary tissues; for our notebooks, coloring books, blotting paper, memo pads, holiday greeting and other “special occasion’’ cards, playing cards, library index cards; for the toy hats, crepe paper decorations, paper napkins, paper cups, plates, spoons, and forks for our parties. Paper is used in building our homes and schools-in the form of roofing paper, and as paperboard- heavy, compressed product made from wood pulp-which is used for walls and partitions, and in such products as furniture. Paper is also used in linerboard, “cardboard,” and similar containers. Wood pulp is the principal fibrous raw material from which paper is made, and over half of the wood cut in this country winds up in some form of paper products.
    [Show full text]
  • The Renaissance Spreads Outside of Italy
    5/9/2019 Big Idea The Renaissance Spreads Outside of Italy Essential Question How did the Renaissance spread to the rest of Europe? 1 5/9/2019 Words To Know Renaissance - “rebirth” in French, the Renaissance was a cultural movement in the 14th-17th centuries during which European artists, scientists, and scholars, were inspired by the achievements of the Greeks and Romans. Let’s Set The Stage… As the Renaissance began to grow in Italy, northern Europe was still recovering from the ravages of the Black Death. But by the 1400s, the cities of the north began to enjoy the economic growth—and the wealth—needed to develop their own Renaissance. 2 5/9/2019 The Spread of Wealth Through Trade Trade routes that existed since the Roman Empire were infused by new wealth and products when trade between the Italian city-states and the Ottoman Empire increased. The Spread of Wealth Through Trade As a result, cities like Cologne, Bruges, Paris, London, and Lisbon became centers of trade and banking. Like in Italian cities, trade led to the establishment of a wealthy class of traders and bankers who supported architects and paid for work from artists. 3 5/9/2019 Papermaking By 1300, papermaking and printing technology reached Europe from China and the Middle East. Papermaking Paper making had contributed to golden ages in China and the Middle East, and to the preservation (saving) of Greek and Roman learning that had been “lost” in Europe and preserved (saved) by scholars (students) in the Ottoman Empire. 4 5/9/2019 The Earliest Books The earliest books were written on scrolls.
    [Show full text]
  • Third Quarter 2020
    THIRD QUARTER 2020 - QUARTERLY REPORT - PRESENTATION - PRESS RELEASES NORSKE SKOG QUARTERLY REPORT – THIRD QUARTER 2020 (UNAUDITED) 2 ││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││││ INTRODUCTION Norske Skog is a world leading producer of publication paper with Of the four mills in Europe, two will produce recycled containerboard strong market positions in Europe and Australasia. Publication paper following planned conversion projects. In addition to the traditional includes newsprint and magazine paper. Norske Skog operates six publication paper business, Norske Skog aims to further diversify its mills in five countries, with an annual production capacity of 2.3 million operations and continue its transformation into a growing and high- tonnes. Four of the mills are located in Europe, one in Australia and margin business through a range of exciting fibre projects. one in New Zealand. The group also operates a pellet facility in New Zealand. Newsprint and magazine paper is sold through sales offices The parent company, Norske Skog ASA, is incorporated in Norway and and agents to over 80 countries. The group has approximately 2 300 has its head office at Skøyen in Oslo. The company is listed on Oslo employees. Stock Exchange with the ticker NSKOG. KEY FIGURES NOK MILLION Q3 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019 INCOME STATEMENT
    [Show full text]
  • Born As Twins - Papermaking and Recycling
    1 Born as twins - papermaking and recycling Boris Fuchs, Frankenthal, Germany Abstract: It will be shown that in the year 105 AD., when the purchasing administrator at the Chinese Emperor’s Court, G-ii Ltm, invented, or better said, recorded the papermaking process, it was common practice to recycle used textile clothes, fishing nets and the hemp material of ropes to get a better and cheaper (less labour intensive) raw material for papermaking than the bark of mulberry trees, bamboo and china grass. When the art of papemaking, on its long march through the Arabian World, came to Europe, used textile rags were the only raw material, thus recycling was again closely related to papermaking, and to secure the paper-maker’s business base, it was strictly forbidden to export textile rags to other countries. Despite heavy punishments, smuggling flourished at that time. The &inking process was invented in 1774 by Julius Claproth and bleaching by Claude Louis Berthollet in 1785, but with the introduction of ground wood in 1845 by Friedrich Keller, recycling lost its preferential status in the paper manufacmring industry by the second half of the 20ti century, when economic considerations, especially in Central Europe, caused its comeback, long before ecological demands forced its reintroduction and environmental legislation was set in place. Thus recycling with papermaking is not an invention of the present time, but a twin arrangement right from the beginning. For the future, a certain balance between primary and secondary fibre input should be kept to avoid any collapse in the paper strength by too often repeated recycling., also to assist the forest industry in keeping our forests clean and healthy.
    [Show full text]
  • Four Great Inventions of China Many of the Greatest Inventions in Human History Were First Made in China
    History Topic of the Month Four Great Inventions of China Many of the greatest inventions in human history were first made in China. By the 13th century, China was an innovative and exciting place to live. Travellers from Europe discovered things there that were beyond imagination in Europe. When the explorer Marco Polo arrived in China, he encountered a Contributer: © Patrick Guenette / 123rf country vastly different from his home of Venice. In his book, The Travels of Marco Polo, Polo describes cities Cai Lun (AD c.57 – 121), was a Chinese courtier official. He is believed to with broad, straight and clean streets (very different from his be the inventor of paper and the home in Venice) where even the poorest people could wash papermaking process, discovering in great bath houses at least three time a week (again very techniques that created paper as we different from hygiene in Europe). would recognise it today. China celebrates four particular innovations as “the Four Great Inventions” — they were even featured as a part of the opening ceremony for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. So, what were these four great inventions? Writing it all down: Paper The first of the great inventions was something we all use almost every day: paper. Many different materials had been used for writing things down, like bamboo, wood (both hard to store and write on) or silk and cloth (much more expensive). Types of paper have been found in archaeological records dating back thousands of years, but it was very difficult to make. It wasn’t until AD c.105 that a quick and easy way of making paper was invented.
    [Show full text]
  • Augusta Newsprint: Paper Mill Pursues Five Projects Following Plant-Wide Energy Efficiency Assessment
    Forest Products BestPractices Plant-Wide Assessment Case Study Industrial Technologies Program—Boosting the productivity and competitiveness of U.S. industry through improvements in energy and environmental performance Augusta Newsprint: Paper Mill Pursues Five Projects Following Plant-Wide Energy Efficiency Assessment BENEFITS Summary • Saves an estimated 11,000 MWh of Augusta Newsprint undertook a plant-wide energy efficiency assessment of its Augusta, electricity annually Georgia, plant in the spring and summer of 2001. The objectives of the assessment were to • Saves an estimated $1.6 million identify systems and operations that were good candidates for energy-efficiency improvements, annually from energy reduction and then ascertain specific energy saving projects. The assessment team identified the thermo- other improvements mechanical pulp (TMP) mill, the recycled newsprint plant (RNP), and the No. 1 and No. 2 • Improves system efficiency and paper machines area as the systems and operations on which to focus. The project evaluation reliability process was unique for two reasons, (1) much of the steam is a by-product of the TMP process and, because it is essentially “free,” it precludes opportunities for steam conservation • Produces a more consistent product initiatives; and (2) the company is reportedly Georgia’s largest electricity customer and • Project paybacks range from consequently has very favorable rates. 4.3 to 21.4 months Despite these perceived disincentives, the company found strong economic justification for five projects that would reduce electricity consumption. Four of the five projects, when complete, will save the company 11,000 MWh of electrical energy each year ($369,000 per year). The APPLICATION remaining project will produce more than $300,000 each year in the sale of a process The Augusta Newsprint plant-wide byproduct (turpentine).
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Papermaking
    A Guide To Japanese Papermaking Making Japanese Paper in the Western World Donald Farnsworth 3rd Edition A Guide To Japanese Papermaking Making Japanese Paper in the Western World Donald Farnsworth 3rd edition ISBN: 978-0-9799164-8-9 © 1989, 1997, 2018 Donald S. Farnsworth English translations © 1948 Charles E. Hamilton MAGNOLIA EDITIONS 2527 Magnolia St, Oakland CA 94607 Published by Magnolia Editions, Inc. www.magnoliapaper.com Table of Contents Author’s Preface 1 (Kunisaki Jihei, 1798; trans. Charles E. Hamilton, 1948) Introduction 3 Equipment (contemporary) 8 Cooking 23 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Bleaching 27 I. Sunlight Bleaching (ultraviolet light) 28 Japanese text by Kunisaki Jihei and woodcut illustrations by Seich- II. Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching 29 uan Tōkei are reproduced from a 1925 edition of Kamisuki chōhōki III. Chlorine Bleaching 30 (A Handy Guide to Papermaking), first published in 1798. Beating 31 Charles E. Hamilton's translations are reproduced from the 1948 Pigmenting 37 English language edition of A Handy Guide to Papermaking pub- Dyeing 39 lished by the Book Arts Club, University of California, Berkeley. Formation Aid 45 With the 1948 edition now out of print and increasingly difficult Mixing Formation aid powder PMP 46 to find, I hope to honor Mr. Hamilton's efforts by bringing his thoughtful and savvy translations to a broader audience. His trans- Contemporary vat, wooden stirring comb... 48 lations appear italicized and circumscribed in the following text. Sheet Formation 51 I. Japanese: Su and Keta 54 I would like to acknowledge Mr. Fujimori-san of Awagami Paper II. Pouring Method 59 and his employees, Mr. Yoshida-san and his employees, for fur- thering my understanding of Japanese papermaking.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical Geography of the Paper Industry in the Wisconsin River Valley
    A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY IN THE WISCONSIN RIVER VALLEY By [Copyright 2016] Katie L. Weichelt Submitted to the graduate degree program in Geography& Atmospheric Science and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. James R. Shortridge ________________________________ Dr. Jay T. Johnson ________________________________ Dr. Stephen Egbert ________________________________ Dr. Kim Warren ________________________________ Dr. Phillip J. Englehart Date Defended: April 18, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Katie L. Weichelt certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY IN THE WISCONSIN RIVER VALLEY ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. James R. Shortridge Date approved: April 18, 2016 ii Abstract The paper industry, which has played a vital social, economic, and cultural role throughout the Wisconsin River valley, has been under pressure in recent decades. Technology has lowered demand for paper and Asian producers are now competing with North American mills. As a result, many mills throughout the valley have been closed or purchased by nonlocal corporations. Such economic disruption is not new to this region. Indeed, paper manufacture itself emerged when local businessmen diversified their investments following the decline of the timber industry. New technology in the late nineteenth century enabled paper to be made from wood pulp, rather than rags. The area’s scrub trees, bypassed by earlier loggers, produced quality pulp, and the river provided a reliable power source for new factories. By the early decades of the twentieth century, a chain of paper mills dotted the banks of the Wisconsin River.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in Print Paper During the 19Th Century
    Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Charleston Library Conference Changes in Print Paper During the 19th Century AJ Valente Paper Antiquities, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/charleston An indexed, print copy of the Proceedings is also available for purchase at: http://www.thepress.purdue.edu/series/charleston. You may also be interested in the new series, Charleston Insights in Library, Archival, and Information Sciences. Find out more at: http://www.thepress.purdue.edu/series/charleston-insights-library-archival- and-information-sciences. AJ Valente, "Changes in Print Paper During the 19th Century" (2010). Proceedings of the Charleston Library Conference. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314836 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. CHANGES IN PRINT PAPER DURING THE 19TH CENTURY AJ Valente, ([email protected]), President, Paper Antiquities When the first paper mill in America, the Rittenhouse Mill, was built, Western European nations and city-states had been making paper from linen rags for nearly five hundred years. In a poem written about the Rittenhouse Mill in 1696 by John Holme it is said, “Kind friend, when they old shift is rent, Let it to the paper mill be sent.” Today we look back and can’t remember a time when paper wasn’t made from wood-pulp. Seems that somewhere along the way everything changed, and in that respect the 19th Century holds a unique place in history. The basic kinds of paper made during the 1800s were rag, straw, manila, and wood pulp.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative Use of Deinking Sludge As a Source of Fibers in Fiber-Cement Manufacture
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by EPrints Complutense CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE USE OF DEINKING SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF FIBERS IN FIBER-CEMENT MANUFACTURE ANGELES BLANCO, CARLOS NEGRO, ELENA FUENTE and LUIS MIGUEL SÁNCHEZ Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry Faculty, Avda. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain The present paper, contributing to solving two different problems related both to the chemical industry and the environment, is a feasibility study on the utilization of the deinking sludge (the most important waste from papermaking) as a raw material for fiber-cement manufacture, in which asbestos has been recently replaced by other fibers because of the hazard it induces. The results obtained show that the use of deinking sludge as a source of cellulose in fiber-cement manufacture is feasible and could improve product strength, if 5% of the virgin fibers are replaced by fibers and fines from the deinking sludge. It is also possible to replace up to 10% of the virgin fibers, with no loss in product strength. These results, if confirmed on a mill scale, would improve the economy of the process, as due to lower waste costs. Keywords: fiber-cement, deinking sludge, recycling, waste management, sustainability, papermaking wastes INTRODUCTION As known, papermaking is an industry However, recycling operations, espe- leader from the standpoint of recycling and cially deinking, generate an important sustainability, the main reason being that quantity of wastes, representing 70% of the virgin and recycled fibers can be used wastes produced by the European pulp and together, sometimes contributing with paper industry.
    [Show full text]