Wqt Llniutraity Nf :!Linnrantu

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more

Wqt llniutraity nf :!linnrantu STUDIES IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES NUMBER 9 AGRICULTURE OF THE HIDATSA INDIANS AN INDIAN INTERPRETATION BY GILBERT LIVINGSTONE WILSON, Ph.D. MINNEAPOLIS Bulletin of the University of Minnesota November 1917 PRICE: 75 CENTS RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS OF THE U IVERSITY OP MI NESOTA n mic Survey of a Rural Township in n the Marketing of Farm Products s ~ 191 11ith Special Reference to finnesota. 6 te Amalgamation: An Anthropometric In Tai:iff Relations o{ the Australian Colonies. n Right. In P~. f h Hidatsa Indians: An Indian Inter- T, ta In press. THE PHY ICAL CIE CES A ·o MATHEMATICS a A D FRARY, Eq na m Sy terns Containing Alcohols, Salts, to so a A D KRJT BEV s: •A e Phase of Catalysis. 1914. $0.50. and Other Problems in Rigid Photographed in 1910 w~e 1lluiuer.aity nf iliuue.anta STUDIES IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES NUMBER 9 AGRICULTURE OF THE HIDATSA INDIANS AN INDIAN INTERPRETATION BY GILBERT LIVINGSTONE WILSON, Ph.D. I . .. .. ... .. .... ... .·.... ! ! ~·· : : •• : : • : ....... : : ·. : ..... ... \ ."' : ·.. : •; : .. : ·. ... : : : .. ·: . .. .. .. ... .. •' .. ... ... ~ . .. :~/: : : "..: : : :· .. ·. : : ' . .... .. .. .·: . .. .::. • .f . • • •. .• •• . .• . .••• ... , • "' • . ..., • • ..• •.. ".. - f.' .'.. .... .. ... .. MINNEAPOLIS Bulletin of the University of Minnesota November 1917 ~ree Granted (? COPYRIGHT 1917 BY THE U NlVERSITY OF MINNE SOT A ... ·. : .: . : ......: ... .. : : : :: : : . ... : ::: :··: .:: ·...: : :: : : : • ~. •.. .. • ··: =..:: : .:: :. :.: :: ,, • ~ • : .•• '! .•••• • •••.. • • • • ................. > ··: :. :·: :·.: ..-. ... :. :: .··= : : . .. ...... "' ... d PREFACE The field of primitive economic activity has been largely left unculti­ vated by both economists and anthropologists. The present study by Mr. Gilbert L. Wilson is an attempt to add to the scanty knowledge already at hand on the subject of the economic life of the American Indian. The work was begun without theory or thesis, but solely with the object of gathering available data from an old woman expert agriculturist in one of the oldest agricultural tribes accessible to a student of the University of I\linnesota. That the study has unexpectedly revealed certain varieties of maize of apparently great value to agriculture in the semi-arid areas west of Minnesota is a cause of satisfaction to both Mr. Wilson and myself. This fact again emphasizes the wisdom of research work in our universities. When, now and then, such practical dollar­ and-cent results follow such purely scientific researches, the wonder is that university research work is not generously endowed by businesses which largely profit by these researches. It is the intention of those interested in the anthropological work of the University of Minnesota that occasional publications will be issued by the University on anthropological subjects, although at present there is no justification for issuing a consecutive series. The present study is the second one in the anthropological field published by the University. The earlier one is number 6 in the Studies in the Social Sciences, issued March, 1916. ALBERT ERNEST JENKS Professor of Atitltropology ..- 'f ... ,~~ .. ; l ...... '- ~"' ,.:,..,,... ...:.. •, I I CONTENTS PAGES Foreword ..... ·· ·· · ·· · · ···· · ·· ····· ······· · · ·· .......... .. .. ...... 1-5 Chapter I-Tradition .. ··· ·· ···· · · ·· ··· · ···· · ·············· ..... ..... 6-8 Chapter II-Beginning a garden· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · : : : : : : : : : 9-15 Turtle ........... ··.···················· ··· ·· ·· ···· ·· · 9 9 Clearing fields .... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · : · : : : : . .. Dispute and its settlement. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10 Turtle breaking soil .... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. 11 Turtle's primitive tools .... ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 12 Beginning a field in later times· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · : : : .. 13 Trees in the garden .... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15 Our west field .. .. ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. 15 Burning over the field . .. .... ...... · . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15 Chapter III-Sunflowers ......... .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 16-21 Remark by Maxi'diwiac .... .... · ·. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 16 Planting sunflowers ......... ..... · . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 16 Varieties ...... .. ... ..... ... ·· .··········· ···· ·· · · ···· ······ 16 Harvesting the seed .. ............. ... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17 Threshing ........ ... .... .. ·.······ · ···· · · · · ·· ········· · · ······· 18 Harvesting the mapi'-na'ka........ .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 18 Effect of frost ...................... · . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 18 Parching the seed .................... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 19 Four-vegetables-mixed . ...... .. .. ... .. · . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 19 Sunflower-seed balls ... ... ........ ..... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 21 Chapter IV-Corn . .. ... .. ............. .. ..... · . · · · · . · . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 22-67 Planting ... ................ ... ..... · .·.········ · ·· ··· ···· · · ·· · 22 A morning's planting .. ..... .... .. ..... .... · . · · · . · . · . · · · · · · · · · · · 23 Soaking the seed . .... ... ............. .. · . · · · · · . · . · · · · · · · · · · · · · 23 Planting for a sick woman ................ · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 24 Size of our biggest field . ...... ....... .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 24 Na'xu and nu'cami .. ................... .. · · · · · · · . · . · · · · · · · · · · · · 25 Hoeing ..... .. ... ... .... .. .... ... .... .. .. ... ... ...... .. ··· 26 The watchers' stage.. ...... .. .. .. .... " . · . · . · ...... · · · · · · · · · · · 26 Explanation of sketch of watchers' stage ... .. · .... ... · · · · · · · · · · 28 Sweet Grass's sun shade .................... ·. · · · · . · . · · · · · · · · · · · · · 30 The watchers ........................ · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 30 Booths ............................ · ······ · ········ ···· ···· ···· · 31 Eating customs ........ .. .. ......... · . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 32 Youths' and maidens' customs ................. .. ..... · · · · · · · · · · · · 33 Watchers' songs ........................... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 33 Clan cousins' custom ...... ..... ... ....... · .. · .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 34 Story of Snake-head-ornament ..................... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 35 Green corn and its uses .. ................. .......... · · · · · · · · · · · · · 36-41 The ripening ears ......... .... .. ............. .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 36 Second planting for green corn ... ..... ..... ....... .. · · · · · · · · · · 37 Cooking fresh green corn ............................ .. · · · · · · · · · · · 37 d CONTENTS v Roasting ears . .. ........ .. ...... ... .. .... .. .. ....... 37 Matu'a-la'kapa . .. ... ... ... ..... ... .. .. .... .. ..... .. 38 Corn bread ... ........ .. ... .. ..... .. ..... ..... .. ..... .. 38 Drying green corn for winter ... .. ........ ....... .. ....... .... 39 Mape'di (corn smut) .. .... ...... ......... ..... .. .. .. ......... 42 Mape'di ... .. .. ... ...... ....... .... .. ....... .. ........ 42 Harvest and uses .. ..... .. .......... ...... .... ............. 42 The ripe corn harvest . ... ..... ........... ....... .. .... 42-47 Husking ....... ........ .... .. ............. .. .... ........ 42 Rejecting green ears . .. ... .. .. .. ...... ........ ........ ... 44 Braiding corn . ... ......... .. .. .. .......... ......... .. 45 The smaller ears .. .. .. ......... .. .. .... .. · ...... · ... 46 Drying the braided ears . .... .......... .. .. ...... ....... · .. · 47 Seed corn . ... .. .......... ............................... .... 47- 49 Selecting the seed . .... .. .. ... ... ... .. .. ......... ..... .. 47 Keeping t wo years' seed . ...... ... ... ..... ... ... ........... 48 Threshing corn . ....... ... ... ... .. .. ... ....... 49-58 The booth .. .. .... ... ... ... ..... ....... .... ... ..... 49 Order of the day's work ....... ... ..... ............... ... ..... 52 The cobs . ..... ........... .... ............. .. .. .. .... ..... 53 Winnowing . ....... ... ... .. ...... ........................ 54 Removing the booth .. .. ........... ........ .... ........ 55 Threshing braided corn ... .... ....... ....... .. ....... ..... Si Amount of harvest . .. ... ................... ...... ....... ... 57 Sioux purchasing corn ... ............... ..................... 58 Varieties of corn ... ... .... .. .......... ....................... 58-60 Description of varieties .. ................ ....................... 58 How corn travels.. .................... ..... 59 Uses of the varieties ................... .......................... 60-67 At<}'ki tso'ki .. .. ............... ............................... 60 Ma pi' nakapa' ......................... .... ............. 60 Ma'nakapa .. .... .. .. .. ..
Recommended publications
  • Points-West 2000.06.Pdf

    Points-West 2000.06.Pdf

    SACRED LANDS Emma Hansen WE CARED FOR THE CORN IN THOSE, DAYS 10 Women of the Upper Missouri River Tiibes Anne Marie Shriver 1 a MULTIzLE INFLUEA/cES: coMpELLIuG lssurs I v Conternporary Indian Art Sarah E. Boehme THE OUTSIDE LOORING IN: Photographs n of Native America Becky Menlove RECORDING THE SPIRIT OF A CUI:|URE ?8 Rebecca West POINTS WEST POINIS WESI is published quarterly as a beneiit of membership in the Bufialo Bill Historical Center For membership information contacl: o',".1313 f fl,,t?,ii'" * n, o Bulfalo Bill Historical Center 720 Sheridan Avenue, cody, wY 82414 e-mail [email protected] or call (307) 578-4052 I written permission required to copy, reprint or distribute articles in any medium or format. Address editorial correspondence to the Editor, PolNIs ],'llEsz Buffalo Bill Historical Center, 720 Sheridan Avenue, Cody, wY 82414 ot e-mail [email protected] I Cover: Crow Shield with Cover, Northern Plains, Editor: Thom Huge ca. 1860. Deer hide, rawhide, pigments, glass Designer: Jan Woods Krier ProductionCoordinator: BarbaraFooteColvert beads, wool cloth, flicker feather. Diameter,2\1lz Photography: Chris Gimmeson in. Chandler-Pohrt Collection. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Darin Alexander Edson W. Spencer. Sean Campbell The Bufialo Bill Historicai Center is a private, non-profit educational institution dedicated to preserving and interpreting the cultural history of the American west. Founded ln 1 917, the Historical Center is home to the Bulfalo Bill Museum, Cody Firearms Museum, Plains Indian Museum, whitney Gallery of western Art *o *"-'n"' tt"t\;'w. n O hc. o rg I JUNE Lnnov Sunan,tER lNsrrrure rru Wssrsnru 23 ExHletTton: lohn.fames Audubon in ArraEnlcRN Sruoles the West: The Last Expedition: 5- 16 Session l-Managing Wildness in the Greater Mammals of North America opens.
  • Territory and Sovereignty on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, 1934-1960

    TAKEN LANDS: TERRITORY AND SOVEREIGNTY ON THE FORT BERTHOLD INDIAN RESERVATION, 1934-1960 by Angela K. Parker A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor Philip J. Deloria, Chair Professor Gregory E. Dowd Associate Professor Stuart A. Kirsch Associate Professor Tiya A. Miles ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you to my advisor, Phil Deloria, and my dissertation committee: Greg Dowd, Tiya Miles, and Stuart Kirsch. Through their examples I have begun to learn what it means to be a rigorous, creative, and kind scholar. Phil and Greg threw the weight of their institutional support behind me at every milestone of my program, and offered their personal support during the most difficult times of the past seven years. My favorite experience in graduate school was completing my prelims field with Phil, because it meant that I got to talk history with him for an hour every week. I will probably never achieve the easy brilliance that made most of the people in my Art History seminar say after he guest lectured, ―That‟s your advisor? You‘re so lucky!‖ But it has been exciting to benefit from and be pushed by a powerful mind at the top of his game. Greg has taught me to be a kinder, more insightful scholar. He is all that is best about history as a discipline: thoughtful, rigorous, creative in his analysis, and finely attuned to the human story. Even better, he carries his powerful intellect and insight with great modesty and humility; it was not until I completed prelims that I understood how deeply his works are respected by all who study early America.
  • The Gibbs Farm and the Santee Dakota —Page 4 RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY Executive Director Priscilla Famham Editor Virginia Brainard Kunz

    The Gibbs Farm and the Santee Dakota —Page 4 RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY Executive Director Priscilla Famham Editor Virginia Brainard Kunz

    RAMSEY COUNTY Mystic Caverns And Their Short-lived Days of Glory A Publication o f the Ramsey County Historical Society Page 21 Spring, 2000 Volume 35. Number 1 The Two Worlds of Jane Gibbs The Gibbs Farm and the Santee Dakota —Page 4 RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY Executive Director Priscilla Famham Editor Virginia Brainard Kunz RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY Volume 35, Number 1 Spring, 2000 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Laurie A. Zenner CONTENTS Chair Howard M. Guthmann 3 Letters President James Russell 4 The Two Worlds of Jane Gibbs: First Vice President The Gibbs Farm and the Santee Dakota Anne Cowie Wilson Second Vice President Julie A. Humann Richard A. Wilhoit Secretary 14 Gummy, Yellow, White Flint Com Ronald J. Zweber The Dakota Garden at the Gibbs Farm Museum Treasurer Janet Cass W. Andrew Boss, Peter K. Butler, Charlotte H. Drake, Mark G. Eisenschenk, Joanne A. Englund, Robert F. Garland, John M. Harens, Judith Frost 17 The Gibbs Farm, Its Neighbor, the University Farm Lewis, John M. Lindley, George A. Mairs, Mar­ And How They Influenced Agricultural History lene Marschall, Richard T. Murphy, Sr., Linda Owen, Marvin J. Pertzik, Vicenta D. Scarlett, William R. Hueg, Jr. Glenn Wiessner. 21 Growing Up in St. Paul EDITORIAL BOARD John M. Lindley, chair; Thomas H. Boyd, Mystic Caverns and Their Short-lived Glory Days Thomas C. Buckley, Pat Hart, Virginia Brainard R ay Barton Kunz, Thomas J. Kelley, Tom Mega, Laurie Murphy, Vicenta Scarlett, G. Richard Slade, 23 Books, Etc. Laurie Zenner. HONORARY ADVISORY BOARD Publication of Ramsey County History is supported in part by a gift from Elmer L.
  • Buffalo Bird Woman and Hidatsa Agricultural Techniques

    Buffalo Bird Woman and Hidatsa Agricultural Techniques

    BUFFALO BIRD WOMAN AND HIDATSA AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES REID J. GRAHAM ABSTRACT The archaeological cultures in the Northern Plains region of North America have long been characterized as primarily nomadic bison hunting populations. However, semi-sedentary villages that focused on maize based agriculture existed in the Dakotas during the historic period and over a much wider range prior to European contact. The agricultural potential of these societies and the impact they had on neighbouring bison focused groups has been recognized only recently in the archaeological literature. The primary historic groups in this study are the Hidatsa, Mandan and Arikara, and the details of their agricultural technique stem from Buffalo Bird Woman account as recorded by Gilbert Wilson. This ethnographic data is combined with experimental and historical production data to illustrate implications for Precontact societies and relationships between different indigenous groups on the Northern Plains. INTRODUCTION The Aboriginal groups on the northern plains region of North America have been a topic of interest for many people around the world. European explorers and traders were captivated by their 9 first encounters with these groups, and this fascination propagated the image of Plains Aboriginal people around the world, creating biased perceptions of what these aboriginal cultures looked like. Plains Aboriginal people tend to be depicted with long flowing eagle feather headdresses, buckskin leggings and moccasins, bow and arrows, tomahawks, riding among bison on wild mustangs and shooting arrows from point blank range. While these stereotypical perceptions of Plains society are rooted in some truth, they overlook a level of cultural diversity that is not recognized in the region.
  • A HIDATSA CULTURAL HUB on the UPPER-MISSOURI RIVER in the LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY Michael Barthelemy Jr

    A HIDATSA CULTURAL HUB on the UPPER-MISSOURI RIVER in the LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY Michael Barthelemy Jr

    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository History ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 8-25-2016 HUSHGAH ADIISH THE BADLANDS LODGE: A HIDATSA CULTURAL HUB ON THE UPPER-MISSOURI RIVER IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY Michael Barthelemy Jr Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds Recommended Citation Barthelemy, Michael Jr. "HUSHGAH ADIISH THE BADLANDS LODGE: A HIDATSA CULTURAL HUB ON THE UPPER- MISSOURI RIVER IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY." (2016). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds/4 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i Michael J. Barthelemy Jr. Candidate History Department This thesis is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Thesis Committee: Dr. Margaret Connell-Szasz , Chairperson Dr. Cathleen Cahill Dr. Durwood Ball ii HUSHGAH ADIISH THE BADLANDS LODGE: A HIDATSA CULTURAL HUB ON THE UPPER-MISSOURI RIVER IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY by MICHAEL J. BARTHELEMY JR. B.A., HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO, 2013 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts History The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July 2016 iii Hushgah Adiish The Badlands Lodge: A Hidatsa Cultural Hub on the Upper-Missouri River in the Late Nineteenth Century By Michael J. Barthelemy Jr. B.A., History, University of New Mexico, 2013 ABSTRACT The way our people, the Hidatsa, begin a narrative about older times is “There was smoke in the village.” It draws one into this idea that the village was prosperous and that the people had wood to burn and cook fires, with plenty of food for all.
  • Uses of Plants by the Hidatsas of the Northern Plains Gilbert Livingston Wilson

    Uses of Plants by the Hidatsas of the Northern Plains Gilbert Livingston Wilson

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and University of Nebraska Press Chapters 2014 Uses of Plants by the Hidatsas of the Northern Plains Gilbert Livingston Wilson Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples Wilson, Gilbert Livingston, "Uses of Plants by the Hidatsas of the Northern Plains" (2014). University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters. 304. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples/304 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Nebraska Press at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Uses of Plants by the Hidatsas of the Northern Plains Buy the Book Buy the Book Uses of Plants by the Hidatsas of the Northern Plains gilbert livingston wilson Edited and annotated by Michael Scullin University of Nebraska Press Lincoln & London Buy the Book © 2014 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication Data Wilson, Gilbert Livingston, 1868– 1930. Uses of plants by the Hidatsas of the northern plains / Gilbert Livingston Wilson; edited and annotated by Michael Scullin. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. isbn 978- 0- 8032- 4674- 4 (cloth: alk. paper)—isbn 978- 0- 8032-6775- 6 (epub) isbn 978- 0- 8032- 6776- 3 (mobi)— isbn 978- 0- 8032- 6774- 9 (pdf) 1. Hidatsa Indians— Ethnobotany. 2. Plants, Useful— Great Plains.
  • The Yankton Sioux Tribe: People of the Pipestone

    The Yankton Sioux Tribe: People of the Pipestone

    THE YANKTON SIOUX TRIBE: PEOPLE OF THE PIPESTONE, 1634-1888 By LEONARD RUFUS BRUGUIER (TASHUNKE HINZI, BUCKSKIN HORSE) Bachelor of Arts University of South Dakota Vermillion, South Dakota 1984 Master of Public Administration University of South Dakota Vermillion, South Dakota 1986 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY July, 1993 THE YANKTON SIOUX TRIBE: PEOPLE OF THE PIPESTONE, 1634-1888 Thesis Approved: Thesis Adviser eall~f the Graduate College ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have many people to thank in the quest to rid myself of the ubiquitous ABD (all but dissertation) stigma. The late Dean Joseph H. Cash, Richmond Clow, Don Dahlin, Herbert Hoover, Leroy Meyer, John Milton, Professor Emeritus Herbert S. Schell, Larry Zimmerman, and Frederick Zuercher, all professors at the University of South Dakota, encouraged me to continue in higher education. W. David Baird, whose calm assurance and enthusiasm for history energizes all who come in contact with him, guided me through the tumultuous graduate school schedule at Oklahoma State University. My thanks also to the staff of Oklahoma State University's Graduate College for their unbounded patience and encouragement, Oklahoma Regents for Higher Education who helped financially, Oklahoma State University History Department members who provided compassion, assurance during nadirs, scholarships, and, of course, knowledge; and a special thank-you to Neil Hackett who took time from his busy schedule to listen to my vision. Thanks are also due to John Paul Bischoff and his extended family for proffering warm feelings, hospitality, and a · spiritual sounding board to me and my family; Richard Rohrs for exacting, exasperating, but necessary guidance in learning how to write; Mike Smith for Latino studies; and Joe Stout who, though he claims Texas as his home, is actually from Iowa, home of my grandfathers, Chiefs War Eagle, Struck By The Ree, and Theophile Bruguier.