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Narrating Dubliners: a Formal Analysis Márcio Da Silva Santos

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Narrating Dubliners: a Formal Analysis Márcio Da Silva Santos ESTUDOS ANGLO-AMERICANOS VARIANTE DE LITERATURAS E CULTURAS Narrating Dubliners: A Formal Analysis Márcio da Silva Santos M 2017 Márcio da Silva Santos Narrating Dubliners: A Formal Analysis Dissertação realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Estudos Anglo-Americanos, orientada pelo Professor Doutor Rui Carvalho Homem e co-orientada pelo Professor Doutor Gualter Mendes Queiroz Cunha Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto Setembro de 2017 Narrating Dubliners: A Formal Analysis Márcio da Silva Santos Dissertação realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Estudos Anglo-Americanos, orientada pelo Professor Doutor Rui Manuel Gomes Carvalho Homem e co-orientada pelo Professor Doutor Gualter Mendes Queiroz Cunha Membros do Júri Professor Doutor Carlos Manuel da Rocha Borges de Azevedo Faculdade de Letras – Universidade do Porto Doutor Miguel dos Santos Silva Ramalhete Gomes Faculdade de Letras – Universidade do Porto Professor Doutor Gualter Mendes Queiroz Cunha Faculdade de Letras – Universidade do Porto Classificação obtida: 20 valores Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 5 Resumo .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 8 List of Abreviations ....................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 11 Chapter One – The Management of Figural Discourse ............................................................... 20 Chapter Two – The Selection and Presentation of Diegetic Content .......................................... 53 Chapter Three – The Voices of the Narrators ............................................................................. 84 Conclusion................................................................................................................................. 119 Works Cited .............................................................................................................................. 128 4 Acknowledgements Whatever may be said about this dissertation, I could not have made a wiser choice regarding my supervisors, Professor Rui Carvalho Homem and Professor Gualter Mendes Queiroz Cunha. They made me feel confident about my approach (in this regard, the latter’s lectures on modernism, which I had the privilege of attending, were instrumental) and provided me with excellent reading suggestions, some of which would not have come my way otherwise, as well as insightful comments of their own. Yet, what I must acknowledge with particular emphasis is their patience, which I tested frequently, missing accorded deadlines more times than I care to mention. I will not forget their warm, inexhaustible understanding. I also owe a debt of gratitude to the other professors with whom I crossed paths during the five years I spent at FLUP and to the various faculty staff members that keep the wheels turning (a special mention goes to the abidingly helpful and considerate personnel at the faculty library and the Secretariat of the Department of Anglo-American Studies). I could have asked for neither a more welcoming environment nor a more stimulating half a decade. In my childhood and early youth, many inspiring teachers blessed me with their encouragement. For the sake of mere pragmatism, I will mention only one: Abílio Santos, whom I was fortunate enough to have as my history teacher for three years and whom I am now even more fortunate to have as a friend. By his sheer example, he became a formative figure whose steps I try to follow. I hope I have not strayed too far from the path. Furthermore, I was very lucky to have written this dissertation at (roughly) the same time as my fellow Junior Researchers in Anglo-American Studies: Ana Isabel Almeida, Ana Isabel Costa, Jaime Soares, José Pedro Pereira and Susana Correia. They are all promising scholars, and it was a pleasure and a stimulant to see their brilliant projects come to fruition. In addition, I thank a group of friends that I have unfairly neglected while I was swooning over Joyce: my friends from Eça (you know who you are), among whom I single out Marta Vieira and Ângelo Poças for giving me an unexpected but welcome boost during the last stages of my work. I would also like to name a few friends who had the patience (yes, patience is here something of a recurring theme, much to my shame and to the chagrin of others) to put up with me during the writing of my dissertation. Ofelya Matosyan is among them. Despite the disheartening physical distance that now sets us apart, she always spared time to keep in touch – and I am touched –, to enquire about the progress of my work and to wish me strength and good fortune. Her caring words will stay with me. Marianna Khazakstan, from whom the same dispiriting distance regrettably separates me, was also supportive. I treasure her big-heartedness (and her inspired jokes), which lightened my mood and put me in high spirits each and every time, with no exception. 5 Pedro Silva deserves many thanks, not only for his great patience (again) when I failed appointments or became incommunicado for a few days but also for his even greater wit, which invariably entertained me and of which I was a happy beneficiary. Jessica Pandeirada, an unfailing friend during the whole process of composition, was always more patient than I expected and more kind-hearted than I deserved. Her skills as a raconteur were the cherry on the cake. She never failed to make me smile, providing a much needed respite from my work. Ana Paula Pereira, unceasingly encouraging and unbelievably generous, was a continual source of support. I must thank her in particular for the books she kindly gave me: I have quoted from no fewer than five of them in my dissertation and derived a good deal of enjoyment from the remaining. Laetitia Warnery also provided much encouragement. I gave her Joyce; in turn, she gave me joy, as well as a book to which I have referred in my dissertation. I am grateful for her kindness and for the treat of having her as an engaging interlocutor in a couple of invigorating talks about the collection. As I am fortunate to have a large extended family, it is impractical to name all that are dear to me (I wish that all people could boast of being afflicted by such a “problem”). I would like, however, to mention my grandmother, who unfortunately passed away soon after I started to work on this dissertation. Although she did not care about the topic (she was an avid reader but did not dabble in fiction), she would have been – and was – proud anyway. Likewise, I wish to express my gratitude to António, Deolinda and Carlos: I was glad to participate in their stimulating conversations and grateful for their interest on my research and for their unwavering faith in me, of which they made sure I was aware. Moreover, I give thanks to my cousin Flávia Sofia for her charmingly peculiar jokes and for her wonderful questions regarding my dissertation, which amused me every single time and allowed me to unwind after a spell of writing. I must also thank Diana, my sister, who always knew how to cheer me up and who egged me on to keep working when I felt disinclined. I thank her for putting up with my unbecoming tomfoolery and with my silly sense of humour, which I should have cast off a long time ago. May I continue to exasperate her for many years to come. Finally, I give my most deeply felt thanks to Ana, my marvellous mother, who gave me books before I could even read and without whose never-ending affection I would not have made it this far. I thank her for always being there. I thank her for her gestures, both large and small. I thank her for her sacrifices. For her love. Por tudo… 6 Resumo Apesar da abundância de leituras de cariz temático concernentes a Dubliners, de James Joyce, discussões centradas eminentemente nas suas propriedades estilístico-formais revelam-se escassas. Aproveitando a oportunidade analítica que esta lacuna proporciona, a minha dissertação, marcada por uma abordagem enfaticamente prática, oferece um estudo narratológico dos contos. Divorcia-se, todavia, de tendências correntes da narratologia, sobretudo no que toca às suas vertentes cognitivas e enunciativas, na medida em que desvaloriza o papel do leitor e valoriza o dos narradores, apresentando-os como entidades poderosas e inventivas que se regozijam com a exploração da maleabilidade da linguagem e da literatura e com a manipulação do leitor (ou, mais precisamente, de um leitor receptivo e querente). A minha dissecação deste processo desdobra-se em três pontos centrais. Em primeiro lugar, analiso a incorporação da componente verbal do discurso oral e mental das personagens na narração. Uma vez que a colectânea se rege pela convenção literária que confere ao pensamento uma dimensão marcadamente verbal, tornando-o comparável com a fala, discorro sobre ambos em conjunto, estudando o modo como os narradores se apropriam de – e se exprimem com – palavras que não as suas. Em segundo lugar, examino o manuseamento narratorial do restante material diegético, ou seja, o conteúdo diegético que não é verbal, prestando particular
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