Rudá Amorim Lucena Martin Lindsey Christoffersen Catálogo Das Espécies De Pycnogonida Do Brasil UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA

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Rudá Amorim Lucena Martin Lindsey Christoffersen Catálogo Das Espécies De Pycnogonida Do Brasil UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA Rudá Amorim Lucena Martin Lindsey Christoffersen Catálogo das espécies de Pycnogonida do Brasil UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA Reitora MARGARETH DE FÁTIMA FORMIGA MELO DINIZ Vice-Reitora BERNARDINA MARIA JUVENAL FREIRE DE OLIVEIRA Pró-Reitora PRPG MARIA LUIZA PEREIRA DE ALENCAR MAYER FEITOSA EDITORA UFPB Diretora IZABEL FRANÇA DE LIMA Supervisão de Administração GEISA FABIANE FERREIRA CAVALCANTE Supervisão de Editoração ALMIR CORREIA DE VASCONCELLOS JUNIOR Supervisão de Produção JOSÉ AUGUSTO DOS SANTOS FILHO Conselho Editorial ELIANA VASCONCELOS DA SILVA ESVAEL (Linguística e Letras) FABIANA SENA DA SILVA (Multidisciplinar) GISELE ROCHA CÔRTES (Ciências Sociais Aplicadas) ILDA ANTONIETA SALATA TOSCANO (Ciências Exatas e da Natureza) ÍTALO DE SOUZA AQUINO (Ciências Agrárias) LUANA RODRIGUES DE ALMEIDA (Ciências da Saúde) MARIA DE LOURDES BARRETO GOMES (Engenharias) MARIA PATRÍCIA LOPES GOLDFARD (Ciências Humanas) MARIA REGINA DE VASCONCELOS BARBOSA (Ciências Biológicas) Rudá Amorim Lucena Martin Lindsey Christoffersen Catálogo das espécies de Pycnogonida do Brasil Editora UFPB João Pessoa 2017 Direitos autorais 2017 - Editora UFPB Efetuado o Depósito Legal na Biblioteca Nacional, conforme a Lei nº 10.994, de 14 de dezembro de 2004. TODOS OS DIREITOS RESERVADOS À EDITORA UFPB É proibida a reprodução total ou parcial, de qualquer forma ou por qual- quer meio. A violação dos direitos autorais (Lei nº 9.610/1998) é crime estabelecido no artigo 184 do Código Penal. O conteúdo desta publicação é de inteira responsabilidade do autor. Impresso no Brasil. Printed in Brazil. Projeto Gráfico Editora da UFPB Editoração Eletrônica Emmanuel Luna Design da Capa Emmanuel Luna Catalogação na fonte: Biblioteca Central da Universidade Federal da Paraíba L935c Lucena, Rudá Amorim. Catálogo das espécies de pycnogonida do Brasil / Amorim Lucena, Martin Lindsey Christoffersen. - João Pessoa: Editora da UFPB, 2017. 214 f. : il. ISBN 978-85-237-1283-9 1. Ciências Biológicas. 2. Espécies de pycnogonida – Brasil. 3. Artrópodes marinhos. I. Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey. II. Título. UFPB/BC CDU 57 EDITORA UFPB Cidade Universitária, Campus I ­­– s/n João Pessoa – PB CEP 58.051-970 www.editora.ufpb.br [email protected] Fone: (83) 3216.7147 Editora filiada à: Livro aprovado para publicação através Edital Nº 1/2017, financiado pelo Programa de Apoio a Produção Científica - Pró-Publicação de Livros da Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Direitos autorais 2017 - Editora UFPB Efetuado o Depósito Legal na Biblioteca Nacional, conforme a Apresentação Lei nº 10.994, de 14 de dezembro de 2004. TODOS OS DIREITOS RESERVADOS À EDITORA UFPB É proibida a reprodução total ou parcial, de qualquer forma ou por qual- quer meio. A violação dos direitos autorais (Lei nº 9.610/1998) é crime estabelecido no artigo 184 do Código Penal. O presente livro é resultado de uma monografia, uma dissertação O conteúdo desta publicação é de inteira responsabilidade do autor. e do inicio de uma tese de doutorado. Tem por objetivo catalogar todas Impresso no Brasil. Printed in Brazil. as espécies já registradas para águas brasileiras. Ao mesmo tempo, Projeto Gráfico Editora da UFPB introduz os Pycnogonida, um grupo de artrópodes marinhos do subfilo Editoração Eletrônica Emmanuel Luna Chelicerata, pouco conhecido até mesmo no meio acadêmico. Os Design da Capa Emmanuel Luna picnogonídeos se distribuem da zona de entremarés ao mar profundo, Catalogação na fonte: Biblioteca Central da Universidade Federal da Paraíba chegando aos 6.000 m. São exclusivamente marinhos, ocorrendo em todos os oceanos, e possuem aproximadamente 1.340 espécies descritas. Destas, 66 ocorrem no Brasil, sendo um dos grupos de invertebrados marinhos menos estudados para águas brasileiras. O livro traz, em seu primeiro capítulo, uma breve introdução aos Pycnogonida, abordando os seus aspectos biológicos, de distribuição, sistemáticos, morfológicos, anatômicos e de reprodução. Além disso, EDITORA UFPB Cidade Universitária, Campus I ­­– s/n João Pessoa – PB todo o conhecimento produzido para Pycnogonida para o Brasil é CEP 58.051-970 www.editora.ufpb.br reunido. Um relato histórico da pesquisa brasileira é fornecido, desde [email protected] Fone: (83) 3216.7147 o seu início, com Krøyer em 1844, e Hoek em 1881, passando por Editora filiada à: Marcus, Mello-Leitão e Sawaya, entre os anos de 1940 a 1960, até os dias atuais. O segundo capítulo traz um catálogo completo de todas as 66 Livro aprovado para publicação através Edital Nº 1/2017, financiado espécies já mencionadas para águas brasileiras, acompanhada de toda pelo Programa de Apoio a Produção Científica - Pró-Publicação de Livros da Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal da a bibliografia correspondente, contendo dados de distribuição, Paraíba. profundidade e notas ecológicas para cada espécie. SUMÁRIO Capítulo 1 – Introdução aos Pycnognida ...........................9 O que são os Pycnogonida? .......................................................... 9 Sistemática e morfologia externa ................................................ 13 Reprodução e Anatomia ............................................................ 22 Histórico dos estudos no Brasil .................................................. 30 Capítulo 2 – As espécies Brasileiras ................................ 35 Lista taxonômica das espécies brasileiras...................................... 35 Chave para as famílias brasileiras ................................................. 39 Catálogo das espécies brasileiras .................................... 41 Subordem Eupantopodida Fry, 1978 ...........................................41 Família Ammotheidae Dohrn, 1881 ............................................41 Gênero Achelia Hodge, 1884 .......................................................41 Gênero Ammothella Verril, 1900 ................................................. 44 Gênero Dromedopycnon Child, 1982 ............................................ 48 Gênero Elassorhis Child, 1982..................................................... 48 Gênero Nymphopsis Haswell, 1884.............................................. 48 Gênero Tanystylum Miers, 1879.................................................. 49 Família Ascorhynchidae Hoek, 1881 .......................................... 55 Gênero Ascorhynchus Sars, 1877 .................................................. 55 Gênero Eurycyde Schiodte, 1857 ................................................. 56 Família Colossendeidae Jarzynsky, 1870 ..................................... 56 Família Callipallenidae Hilton, 1942 .......................................... 57 Gênero Callipallene Flynn, 1929 ................................................. 57 Gênero Pallenoides Stock, 1951 .................................................... 60 Família Nymphonidae Wilson, 1878 ...........................................61 Gênero Nymphon Fabricius, 1794 ................................................61 Família Pallenopsidae Fry, 1978 ................................................. 62 Gênero Pallenopsis Wilson, 1881 ................................................. 62 Família Endeidae Norman, 1908 ................................................ 68 Gênero Endeis Philippi, 1843 ..................................................... 68 Família Phoxichilidiidae Sars, 1891 ............................................ 75 Gênero Anoplodactylus Wilson, 1878 ........................................... 75 Família Pycnogonidae Wilson, 1878........................................... 93 Gênero Pentapycnon Bouvier, 1910 .............................................. 93 Gênero Pycnogonum Bruennich, 1764 ......................................... 94 Família Rhynchothoracidae Thompson, 1909 ............................ 96 Gênero Rhynchothorax Costa, 1861 ............................................. 96 Família Austrodecidae Stock, 1954 ............................................. 98 Gênero Pantopipetta Stock, 1963 ................................................. 98 Referências ..............................................................................100 Glossário ................................................................................ 205 Siglas e abreviações .................................................................. 209 Agradecimentos .......................................................................211 Sobre os autores .......................................................................212 Capítulo 1 – Introdução aos Pycnognida O que são os Pycnogonida? O nome Pycnogonida vem do grego “pyknós”, que significa grosso, nodoso, e “góny”, joelho, provavelmente em alusão às pernas robustas e mais dilatadas próximas às articulações, observadas nas primeiras espécies do grupo, atualmente pertencentes ao gênero Pycnogonum Brünnich, 1764. A classe Pycnogonida é composta por artrópodes exclusivamente marinhos (DU BOIS-REYMOND MARCUS, 1952; MUNILLA LEÓN, 1999), distribuindo-se desde a zona entremarés, onde são particularmente numerosos (CORRÊA, 1987), aos mares profundos (BAMBER, 2007a) chegando a 6.000m (KING, 1973). São animais cosmopolitas, porém mais frequentemente registrados nas regiões temperadas e polares, principalmente da região Antártica (CORRÊA, 1987), onde alguns táxons atingem os maiores tamanhos corporais. Atualmente já foram descritas mais de 1.340 espécies (MUNILLA LEÓN; SOLER-MEMBRIVES, 2009; APPELTANS et al. 2012) entre espécies fósseis e recentes. Estas espécies são divididas em 12 famílias e 80 gêneros, 18
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