sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 306

FIG. 24. – Morphology of cnidocysts. Different types of cnidocysts (end): A: microbasic amastigophores; B: macrobasic amastigophores; C: homotrichous microbasic eurytele; D heterotrichous microbasic eurytele; E: semiophoric microbasic eurytele; F: telotrichous macrobasic eurytele; G: merotrichous macrobasic eurytele; H: holotrichous macrobasic eurytele; I: stenotele; J: pseudostenotele; K: birhopaloid (A to I and K after Mariscal, 1974; J after Bouillon et al.,1986).

306 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 307

FIG. 25. – Anthomedusae. . . A to C: Bimeria vestita: A: part of stem with hydranths and male gonophores, B: hydranth showing perisarcal sheats round tentacles, C: female gonophores enveloped in a perisarcal coat; D to K: : D: Bougainvillia aurantiaca: mature medusa; E to H: Bougainvillia britannica: E: hydroid colony with hydranths and medusa buds, F: adult medusa, G: marginal bulb, H: oral tentacle; I: Bougainvillia maniculata mature medusa; J and K: : J: branch of a colony, K: details showing hydranths and medusa buds (A to C after Hirohito, 1988; D after Bouillon, 1978b; E after Edwards, 1964; F Kramp, 1959a; G and H after Russell, 1953; I after Mayer, 1910; J and K after Leloup, 1952).

FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN 307 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 308

FIG. 26. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Bougainvilliidae. A and B: Bougainvillia muscus: mature medusae; C: Bougainvillia niobe: medusa with manubrial medusa buds; D: Bougainvillia platygaster adult medusa; E to G: Dicoryne conferta: E: general view of a colony living on a gas- tropod shell, F: part of a colony with hydranths and gonozooids; G: swimming sporosacs (A after Russell, 1953; B after Calder, 1988; C after Kramp, 1959a; D after Schuchert, 1996; E to G after Leloup, 1952).

308 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 309

FIG. 27. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Bougainvilliidae. A: Dicoryne conybeari colony with gonozooids; B to G: : B to D: Garveia franciscana: B: general view of a colony, C: branch of a colony, D: hydranth with gonophores; E: Garveia grisea: fragment of a colony with gonophores; F and G: Garveia nutans: F: fragment of a colony; G: part of colony with gonophores; H to L: Koellikerina fasciculata: H: hydranth with medusa buds, I: adult medusa, J: aboral view of manubrium, K: oral tentacle, L: isolated perradial marginal tentacle (A after Cornelius et al., 1990; B to D after Morri, 1981; E after Motz-Kossowska, 1905; F and G after Leloup, 1952; H after Petersen and Vannucci, 1960; I to L after Mayer, 1910).

FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 309 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 310

FIG. 28. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Bougainvilliidae. A to F: Lizzia: A to D: Lizzia blondina: A: adult medusa with manubrial medusa buds, B: mouth with oral tentacles, C: manubrium with gonad; D: perradial marginal tentacle group; E: Lizzia fulgurans medusa with manubrial medusa buds; F: Lizzia octostyla medusa; G: Nubiella mitra adult medusa with manubrial medusa buds; H: napolitana hydranth (A, E and F after Kramp, 1959a; B to D after Russell, 1953; G after Bouillon, 1980; H after Calder, 1988).

310 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 311

FIG. 29. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Bougainvilliidae. A to C: Rhizorhagium. A: Rhizorhagium arenosa part of colony with hydranth and gonophores; B and C: Rhizorhagium michaeli: B: branch of colony showing hydranth and succession of gonophores from distal juveniles to proximal stalk remnants; C: detail of hydranth with gonophores; D: Thamnostoma dibalia mature medusa; E: Velkovrhia enigmatica hydranths, one with fixed sporosac (A after Hincks, 1868; B and C after Berrill, 1948; D after Kramp, 1959a; E after Clausen and Salvini- Plawen, 1986).

FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 311 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 312

FIG. 30. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Bythotiaridae. A and B: Bythotiara murayi: A: adult medusa; B: manubrium and gonads. C: Calycop- sis simplex: adult medusa; D to H: Clavidae: D: multicornis: colony with gonophores; E to H: : E to G: Cordylophora caspia: E: general view of a colony, F: branch of a colony with hydranths and gonophores, G: detail of a hydranth with young gonophore; H: Pachycordyle (Cordylophora pussilla): hydranth with gonophores (A and B after Russell, 1953; C and H after Gili et al., 1988; D after Allman, 1871; E and F after Leloup, 1952; G after Schuchert, 1996).

312 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 313

FIG. 31. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Clavidae. A to C: Corydendrium parasiticum: A: part of colony with hydranths; B: detail of hydranths; C: part of stem with hydranths and male gonophores within perisarcal tubes; D to H: Merona: D and E: Merona cornucopiae: D: part of colony growing on bivalve showing gastrozooids, one gonozooid and nematophores, E: nematothecae; F to H: Merona ibera: F: gonozooid and dactylozooids; G: fragment of a colony with hydranths, hydrothecae and dactylozooids; H: hydrorhiza with dactylozooids; I to L: Ocea- nia armata: I: stage; J: adult medusa; K: part of marginal tentacle showing the position of the ocellus; L: part of mouth lip showing the cnidocyst clusters (A and C after Hirohito, 1988; B after Calder, 1988; D and E after Millard, 1975; F to H after Medel et al, 1993; I after Schuchert, 1996; J to L after Mayer, 1910).

FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 313 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 314

FIG. 32. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Clavidae. A to C and E: Turritopsis nutricula: A: part of stem of an erect colony with adnate branches, hydranths and medusa buds; B: drawing of the stem region showing the double layered structure of perisarc (coe: coenosarc; ps: perisarc); C: adult medusa; E: above base of marginal tentacles, ocelli omitted, left: tip of a marginal tentacle, below: margin of mouth lip showing the cnidocyst clusters; D: Turritopsis dohrnii young medusa. Cytaedididae. F to I: Cytaeis: F to H: Cytaeis propagulata: F: hydranths with gonophores; G: female gonophores; H: propagula; I: Cytaeis schneideri: hydranth with gonophore (A after Hirohito, 1988; B and D after Schuchert, 1996; C after Kramp, 1968; D after Schuchert, 2004; E after Russell, 1953; F, G and H after Bavestrello, 1987; I after Motz-Kossowska, 1905).

314 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 315

FIG. 33. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Cytaedididae. A: Cytaeis sp.: adult medusa; B: Paracytaeis octona: adult medusa with medusa buds; C: Eucodoniidae. C: Eucodonium brownei: adult medusa. . D to H: : D to G: Eudendrium arbusculum: D: gener- al view of a colony, E: detail of a hydranth, F and G: male gonophores; H: Eudendrium armatum: portion of a colony (A after Pagès et al., 1992; B after Bouillon, 1978a; C after Russell, 1953; D and F after Hincks, 1868; E and G after Calder, 1972; H after Gili, 1986).

FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 315 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 316

FIG. 34. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Eudendriidae. A to K: Eudendrium: A: Eudendrium calceolatum fragment of a colony; B to D: Euden- drium capillare: B: general view of a colony; C: hydroclade with male gonophores; D: female gonophores; E to I: : E: colony; F: detail of a hydranth; G: mature male blastostyle; H: young female blastosyle; I: old female blastostyle with spadices shed living basket-shaped capsules; J and K: Eudendrium elsaeoswaldae: J: colony; K: hydranth; L: Eudendrium fragile: part of colony; M to O: Euden- drium glomeratum: M: general aspect of a colony; N: hydranth with female gonophores; O: undischarged and discharged macrobasic eury- teles (A and L after Motz-Kossowska, 1905; B to D after Leloup, 1952; E, G to I after Millard, 1975; F after Calder,1988; J and K after Stechow, 1923d; M to O after Boero et al., 1986).

316 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 317

FIG. 35. Anthomedusae. Filifera. Eudendriidae. A to M: Eudendrium: A to G: Eudendrium merulum: A: whole stem; B: hydranth show- ing cnidocyst arrangement; C: mature male gonophore; D and E: female gonophores; F: large microbasic euryteles from hypostome and hydranth body; G: small microbasic euryteles from tentacles; H to M: Eudendrium moulouyensis: H: part of a branch and two hydranths; I and J: detail of hydranths; K: mature female blastostyle; L and M: microbasic euryteles. (A, C to G after Watson, 1985; B after Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa, 2002; H to M after Marques et al., 2000).

FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 317 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 318

FIG. 36. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Eudendriidae. A to P: Eudendrium: A to D: Eudendrium racemosum: A: general view of a colony, B: branch of a colony; C: detail of a hydranth; D: gonophores: at left female, at right male; E to G: : E: part of a colony, F: part of stem with male blastostyles, G: fragment of stem with hydranths and female blastostyles; H to L: : H: general view of a colony, I: hydroclade with male gonophores; J: detail of a hydranth; K: detail of a female gonophore; L: detail of a male gonophore; M to P: Eudendrium simplex: M: large discharged and undischarged macrobasic euryteles; N: mature male gonophores; O: hydranth, P: female gonophore, with sperm capsule; Q and R: Myrionema amboinense: Q: hydrocaulus, hydranths and male gonophore, R: hydranth with female gonophores (A to D after Morri, 1981; E to G after Hirohito, 1988; H to L after Leloup, 1952; M and N after Millard, 1975; O and P after Boero, 1981; Q and R after Calder,1988).

318 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 319

FIG. 37. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. . A to N: : A: Hydractinia aculeata: fragment of a colony; B to I: Hydractinia areolata: B: colony on a shell of Natica; C: portion of a colony; D: portion of colony hydranths omitted to show the arrangement of the spines; E: group of spiral zooids; F: tentaculozooid; G: male medusa; H: female medusa; I: quadrant of bell margin of ripe female. J to N: Hydractinia borealis: J: colony living on a shell of Aporrhais, showing hydranths, gonozooids, blastostyles, spines and tentaculozooids; K: portion of a colony hydranths omitted to show the arrangement of the spines; L: two male medusae; M: adoral view of the lips: above of a maturing female, below of a mature female; N: manubrium of a large mature female (A after Motz-Kossowska, 1905; B to N after Edwards, 1972).

FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 319 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 320

FIG. 38. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Hydractiniidae. A to B: Hydractinia calderi: A: apical part of an adult gastrozooid; B dactylozooid. C to F: Hydractinia carnea: C: colony living on the shell of a Nassarius, showing gastrozooids, gonozooids, blastostyles and spines; D: male medusa; E: female medusa; F: mouth of a newly liberated medusae. G: portion of a colony (A and B after Bouillon et al., 1997; C to F after Edwards, 1972; G after Stokes, 1974).

320 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 321

FIG. 39. – Anthomedusaee. Filifera. Hydractiniidae. A: Hydractinia fucicola: part of a colony; B: Hydractinia hooperii: left and right: gas- trozooids, centre: a gonozooid with gonophores; C: Hydractinia inermis: portion of a colony with gonophores; D and E: Hydractinia mini- ma: medusae; F and G: Hydractinia minuta: medusae; H and I: Hydractinia pruvoti: H: fragment of a colony with blastostyle; I: eumedusoid (A after Castric-Fey, 1970; B after Peña Cantero and Carracosa, 2002; C, H and I after Iwasa, 1934; D after Kramp, 1968; E after Russell, 1953; F after Schuchert, 1996; G after Kramp, 1959a).

FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 321 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 322

FIG. 40. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Niobiidae. A: dendrotentacula: medusa with tentacular bulbs transforming in medusa buds. Pan- deidae: B to G: : B and C: Amphinema dinema: B: portion of a hydroid colony, C: medusa. D: Amphinema rubra: medusa; E and F: Amphinema rugosum: E: fragment of a hydroid colony. F: medusa. G: Amphinema turrida: medusa; H: Codonorchis octaedrus: hydranth and medusa bud (A after Kramp, 1959a; B after Leloup, 1952; C and F after Kramp, 1968; D after Goy, 1972; G after Bouillon, 1980; H after Boero et al., 1997).

322 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 323

FIG. 41. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. . A: Codonorchis octaedrus: adult medusa; B to F: :B:Leuckartiara brownei: medusa; C: Leuckartiara nobilis: medusa; D to F: Leuckartiara octona: D: portion of a hydroid colony; E: medusa; F: diagram of lateral view of a marginal tentacle showing abaxial spur. G to J: Merga: G and H: Merga galleri: G: portion of a hydroid colony with hydranth and medusa buds; H: medusa. I and J: Merga tergestina: I: mature medusa; J manubrium and mouth (A after after Boero et al., 1997; B after Larson and Harbison, 1990; C and E after Kramp, 1959a; D and F after Russell, 1953; G and H after Brinckmann, 1962; I and J after Vannucci and Yamada, 1959).

FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 323 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 324

FIG. 42. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Pandeidae. A: Merga tregoubovii: adult medusa; B: Merga violacea: mature medusa; C to E: Neotur- ris pileata: C: portion of a hydroid colony; D: adult medusa; E: portion of umbrella margin. F to H: Octotiara russelli: F: hydroid colony with hydranth and medusa buds growing on the bryozoan Steginoporella mandibulata; G: detail of hydranth; H: adult medusa (A after Picard, 1960; B after Kramp, 1959a; C after Edwards, 1965; D after Hartlaub, 1914; E after Russell, 1953; F and G after Boero and Bouillon, 1989; H after Kramp, 1968).

324 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Ffig2 14/10/04 16:16 Página 325

FIG. 43. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Pandeidae. A and B: conica: A: hydranth and medusa bud; B: adult medusa. Proboscidactyli- dae. C and D: Proboscidactyla ornata: C: left hydroid and medusa bud, right hydroid colony on the edge of a tube of the polychaete Sabel- laria; D: adult medusa with medusa buds on manubrium. Protiaridae. E to G: Halitiara: E: Halitiara formosa: adult medusa, F and G: Hali- tiara inflexa: F: hydroid colony; G: fully-grown medusa (A after Picard, 1956a; B after Pagès et al, 1992; C after Brinckmann-Voss and Vannucci, 1965; D after Mayer, 1910; E after Bouillon, 1995; F after Bouillon, 1985b; G after Bouillon, 1980).

FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 325 sm68s2Ffig2 14/10/04 15:35 Página 326

FIG. 44. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Protiaridae. A: Protiara tetranema: medusa. Ptilocodiidae. B: Thecocodium brieni: two hydroid colonies; C: Tregoubovia atentaculata: adult medusa. Rhatkeidae. D to H: Rathkea octopunctata: D: hydroid; E: medusa with manubrial medusa buds; F: mouth; G: interradial marginal tentacle group; H: manubrium and gonads. Rhysiidae. I: Rhysia automnalis: male colony (A after Hartlaub, 1913; B after Bouillon, 1967; C after Bouillon et al, 2001; D, F to H after Russell, 1953; E after Naumov, 1969; I after Brinckmann, 1965b).

326 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Ffig2 14/10/04 15:35 Página 327

FIG. 45. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Russelliidae. A: Russellia mirabilis: fully-grown medusa. . B and C: Errina: B: general aspect of a colony; C: detail of a branch (gpo: gastropore, dpo: dactylopore). Trichydridae. D and E: Trichydra pudica: D: hydroid colony, E: mature medusa. Capitata. Moerisiida. Hydridae. F to H: Hydra: F: Hydra viridis with bud and gonads; G: terminal moniliform portion of a tentacle of Hydra pirardi (isr: isorhiza, stn: stenoteles); H: encysted eggs: a: Hydra viridissima;b:Hydra attenuata;c:Hydra vulgaris (A after Pagès et al., 1999; B and C after Moore, 1956, D after Russell, 1953; E after Edwards, 1973a; F after Brien and Reniers-Decoen, 1950; G after Brien, 1961; H after Steche, 1911).

FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 327 sm68s2Ffig2 14/10/04 15:35 Página 328

FIG. 46. – Anthomedusae. Capitata. Moerisiidae. A to G: Moerisia: A: Moerisia carine: fully-grown medusa; B to D: Moerisia inkerman- ica: B: hydroid showing pedal discs and medusa buds; C: hydroid showing lateral buds; D: adult medusa. E to G: Moerisia lyonsi: E and F: hydroids; G: mature medusa. H and I: Odessia maeotica: H: hydroid with medusa bud, I: mature medusa (A after Bouillon, 1978c; B and C after Millard, 1975; D after Kramp, 1959a; E to G after Rees, 1958; H and I after Morri, 1981).

328 J. BOUILLON et al.