sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 306 FIG. 24. – Morphology of cnidocysts. Different types of cnidocysts (end): A: microbasic amastigophores; B: macrobasic amastigophores; C: homotrichous microbasic eurytele; D heterotrichous microbasic eurytele; E: semiophoric microbasic eurytele; F: telotrichous macrobasic eurytele; G: merotrichous macrobasic eurytele; H: holotrichous macrobasic eurytele; I: stenotele; J: pseudostenotele; K: birhopaloid (A to I and K after Mariscal, 1974; J after Bouillon et al.,1986). 306 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 307 FIG. 25. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Bougainvilliidae. A to C: Bimeria vestita: A: part of stem with hydranths and male gonophores, B: hydranth showing perisarcal sheats round tentacles, C: female gonophores enveloped in a perisarcal coat; D to K: Bougainvillia: D: Bougainvillia aurantiaca: mature medusa; E to H: Bougainvillia britannica: E: hydroid colony with hydranths and medusa buds, F: adult medusa, G: marginal bulb, H: oral tentacle; I: Bougainvillia maniculata mature medusa; J and K: Bougainvillia muscus: J: branch of a colony, K: details showing hydranths and medusa buds (A to C after Hirohito, 1988; D after Bouillon, 1978b; E after Edwards, 1964; F Kramp, 1959a; G and H after Russell, 1953; I after Mayer, 1910; J and K after Leloup, 1952). FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 307 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 308 FIG. 26. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Bougainvilliidae. A and B: Bougainvillia muscus: mature medusae; C: Bougainvillia niobe: medusa with manubrial medusa buds; D: Bougainvillia platygaster adult medusa; E to G: Dicoryne conferta: E: general view of a colony living on a gas- tropod shell, F: part of a colony with hydranths and gonozooids; G: swimming sporosacs (A after Russell, 1953; B after Calder, 1988; C after Kramp, 1959a; D after Schuchert, 1996; E to G after Leloup, 1952). 308 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 309 FIG. 27. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Bougainvilliidae. A: Dicoryne conybeari colony with gonozooids; B to G: Garveia: B to D: Garveia franciscana: B: general view of a colony, C: branch of a colony, D: hydranth with gonophores; E: Garveia grisea: fragment of a colony with gonophores; F and G: Garveia nutans: F: fragment of a colony; G: part of colony with gonophores; H to L: Koellikerina fasciculata: H: hydranth with medusa buds, I: adult medusa, J: aboral view of manubrium, K: oral tentacle, L: isolated perradial marginal tentacle (A after Cornelius et al., 1990; B to D after Morri, 1981; E after Motz-Kossowska, 1905; F and G after Leloup, 1952; H after Petersen and Vannucci, 1960; I to L after Mayer, 1910). FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 309 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 310 FIG. 28. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Bougainvilliidae. A to F: Lizzia: A to D: Lizzia blondina: A: adult medusa with manubrial medusa buds, B: mouth with oral tentacles, C: manubrium with gonad; D: perradial marginal tentacle group; E: Lizzia fulgurans medusa with manubrial medusa buds; F: Lizzia octostyla medusa; G: Nubiella mitra adult medusa with manubrial medusa buds; H: Pachycordyle napolitana hydranth (A, E and F after Kramp, 1959a; B to D after Russell, 1953; G after Bouillon, 1980; H after Calder, 1988). 310 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 311 FIG. 29. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Bougainvilliidae. A to C: Rhizorhagium. A: Rhizorhagium arenosa part of colony with hydranth and gonophores; B and C: Rhizorhagium michaeli: B: branch of colony showing hydranth and succession of gonophores from distal juveniles to proximal stalk remnants; C: detail of hydranth with gonophores; D: Thamnostoma dibalia mature medusa; E: Velkovrhia enigmatica hydranths, one with fixed sporosac (A after Hincks, 1868; B and C after Berrill, 1948; D after Kramp, 1959a; E after Clausen and Salvini- Plawen, 1986). FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 311 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 312 FIG. 30. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Bythotiaridae. A and B: Bythotiara murayi: A: adult medusa; B: manubrium and gonads. C: Calycop- sis simplex: adult medusa; D to H: Clavidae: D: Clava multicornis: colony with gonophores; E to H: Cordylophora: E to G: Cordylophora caspia: E: general view of a colony, F: branch of a colony with hydranths and gonophores, G: detail of a hydranth with young gonophore; H: Pachycordyle (Cordylophora pussilla): hydranth with gonophores (A and B after Russell, 1953; C and H after Gili et al., 1988; D after Allman, 1871; E and F after Leloup, 1952; G after Schuchert, 1996). 312 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 313 FIG. 31. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Clavidae. A to C: Corydendrium parasiticum: A: part of colony with hydranths; B: detail of hydranths; C: part of stem with hydranths and male gonophores within perisarcal tubes; D to H: Merona: D and E: Merona cornucopiae: D: part of colony growing on bivalve showing gastrozooids, one gonozooid and nematophores, E: nematothecae; F to H: Merona ibera: F: gonozooid and dactylozooids; G: fragment of a colony with hydranths, hydrothecae and dactylozooids; H: hydrorhiza with dactylozooids; I to L: Ocea- nia armata: I: polyp stage; J: adult medusa; K: part of marginal tentacle showing the position of the ocellus; L: part of mouth lip showing the cnidocyst clusters (A and C after Hirohito, 1988; B after Calder, 1988; D and E after Millard, 1975; F to H after Medel et al, 1993; I after Schuchert, 1996; J to L after Mayer, 1910). FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 313 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 314 FIG. 32. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Clavidae. A to C and E: Turritopsis nutricula: A: part of stem of an erect colony with adnate branches, hydranths and medusa buds; B: drawing of the stem region showing the double layered structure of perisarc (coe: coenosarc; ps: perisarc); C: adult medusa; E: above base of marginal tentacles, ocelli omitted, left: tip of a marginal tentacle, below: margin of mouth lip showing the cnidocyst clusters; D: Turritopsis dohrnii young medusa. Cytaedididae. F to I: Cytaeis: F to H: Cytaeis propagulata: F: hydranths with gonophores; G: female gonophores; H: propagula; I: Cytaeis schneideri: hydranth with gonophore (A after Hirohito, 1988; B and D after Schuchert, 1996; C after Kramp, 1968; D after Schuchert, 2004; E after Russell, 1953; F, G and H after Bavestrello, 1987; I after Motz-Kossowska, 1905). 314 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 315 FIG. 33. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Cytaedididae. A: Cytaeis sp.: adult medusa; B: Paracytaeis octona: adult medusa with medusa buds; C: Eucodoniidae. C: Eucodonium brownei: adult medusa. Eudendriidae. D to H: Eudendrium: D to G: Eudendrium arbusculum: D: gener- al view of a colony, E: detail of a hydranth, F and G: male gonophores; H: Eudendrium armatum: portion of a colony (A after Pagès et al., 1992; B after Bouillon, 1978a; C after Russell, 1953; D and F after Hincks, 1868; E and G after Calder, 1972; H after Gili, 1986). FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 315 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 316 FIG. 34. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Eudendriidae. A to K: Eudendrium: A: Eudendrium calceolatum fragment of a colony; B to D: Euden- drium capillare: B: general view of a colony; C: hydroclade with male gonophores; D: female gonophores; E to I: Eudendrium carneum: E: colony; F: detail of a hydranth; G: mature male blastostyle; H: young female blastosyle; I: old female blastostyle with spadices shed living basket-shaped capsules; J and K: Eudendrium elsaeoswaldae: J: colony; K: hydranth; L: Eudendrium fragile: part of colony; M to O: Euden- drium glomeratum: M: general aspect of a colony; N: hydranth with female gonophores; O: undischarged and discharged macrobasic eury- teles (A and L after Motz-Kossowska, 1905; B to D after Leloup, 1952; E, G to I after Millard, 1975; F after Calder,1988; J and K after Stechow, 1923d; M to O after Boero et al., 1986). 316 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 317 FIG. 35. Anthomedusae. Filifera. Eudendriidae. A to M: Eudendrium: A to G: Eudendrium merulum: A: whole stem; B: hydranth show- ing cnidocyst arrangement; C: mature male gonophore; D and E: female gonophores; F: large microbasic euryteles from hypostome and hydranth body; G: small microbasic euryteles from tentacles; H to M: Eudendrium moulouyensis: H: part of a branch and two hydranths; I and J: detail of hydranths; K: mature female blastostyle; L and M: microbasic euryteles. (A, C to G after Watson, 1985; B after Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa, 2002; H to M after Marques et al., 2000). FAUNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN HYDROZOA 317 sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 318 FIG. 36. – Anthomedusae. Filifera. Eudendriidae. A to P: Eudendrium: A to D: Eudendrium racemosum: A: general view of a colony, B: branch of a colony; C: detail of a hydranth; D: gonophores: at left female, at right male; E to G: Eudendrium rameum: E: part of a colony, F: part of stem with male blastostyles, G: fragment of stem with hydranths and female blastostyles; H to L: Eudendrium ramosum: H: general view of a colony, I: hydroclade with male gonophores; J: detail of a hydranth; K: detail of a female gonophore; L: detail of a male gonophore; M to P: Eudendrium simplex: M: large discharged and undischarged macrobasic euryteles; N: mature male gonophores; O: hydranth, P: female gonophore, with sperm capsule; Q and R: Myrionema amboinense: Q: hydrocaulus, hydranths and male gonophore, R: hydranth with female gonophores (A to D after Morri, 1981; E to G after Hirohito, 1988; H to L after Leloup, 1952; M and N after Millard, 1975; O and P after Boero, 1981; Q and R after Calder,1988). 318 J. BOUILLON et al. sm68s2Efig1 14/10/04 15:28 Página 319 FIG.