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NATURAL HISTORY of the HOGAN GROUP 1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT and VERTEBRATE FAUNA by Jeannette Hope; G

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NATURAL HISTORY of the HOGAN GROUP 1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT and VERTEBRATE FAUNA by Jeannette Hope; G Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Vollune 107 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE HOGAN GROUP 1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND VERTEBRATE FAUNA by Jeannette Hope; G. Brown: and B.S. McIntosh~ 1 2 Department of Prehistory, Australian National University 3 Department of Geology, University of Melbourne Department of Zoology, University of Tasmania (with one text-figure) INTRODUCTION The Hogan Group, consisting of eight islands and islets, lies in Bass Strait about 42 km southeast of Wilson's Promontory. Together with the islands of the Kent and Furneaux Groups, lying further to the southeast, the Hogans formed part of a landbridge linking Tasmania to the Australian mainland during the last glacial period of the Plei­ stocene. The Hogan Group, though small in size, is of particular biogeographical interest as it was the first section of the landbridge on the eastern side of Bass Strait to be isolated by the postglacial rise in sea level. The islands were named in 1802 by Mr. John Black of the brig Harbinger, the first vessel to sail through Bass Strait from England after the strait's discovery by Bass and Flinders in 1798 (Flinders 1814). From this time most of the islands of Bass Strait were inhabited or at least regularly visited by sealers. In 1831 George Augustus Robinson recorded sealers living on Deal Island, in the Kent Group, and also on Curtis Island, which is about 20 miles southwest of the Hogan Group (Plomley 1966). Stokes (1846) noted that dogs had been released on Hogan Island by the sealers and Doome (1874) related an account of sealers living in the group some years earlier. As the seals in Bass Strait diminished in number, the sealers turned to hunting kangaroos and farming on the smaller islands. Eventually even the more isolated islands such as those of the Hogan Group were leased for grazing purposes even if they were not continuously inhabited. The first recorded lease of Hogan Island was issued on the 12th October, 1900, and with the exception of the period from the 1st October, 1928 to the 12th April, 1930, the island has been under lease ever since. From 1900 to 1959 the lease covered the whole group of islands, and from 1959 onwards only Hogan Island itself. The present lessee, Mr. B.R. Stackhouse, who has held the lease since 24th May, 1967, now runs about 100 head of cattle on Hogan Island and sheep have occasionally been run there in the past. Mr. Stackhouse informed us that he knew of no grazing on any of the islands other than Hogan itself, but sheep bones were found on Long Island by the expedition. The island is regularly burnt about once every five years by the lessee, and accidental fires may be more frequent. ~o buildings have been erected on the islands excepting an automatic light which was plac­ ed on the summit of Hogan Island in 1965. Cattle yards have been built at the southern end of the bay on the east coast of Hogan Island, and a concrete trough has been placed around a spring at the northern end of this bay to provide a permanent supply of fresh water for the stock. Eleven members of the McCoy Society for Field Investigation and Research visited the Hogan Group from 22nd January to 2nd February, 1968. Most of the work reported in this series of papers was carried out on Hogan and Long, the two largest islands, and a short visit was made to East Island. Hogan Island was surveyed and diagrams of the geology and vegetation prepared with the aid of air photographs. The dimensions of the group were obtained from the Sailing Directions for Victoria including Bass Strait (Victorian Government 1959). 65 Li, ,(>util tne ~J ul The J. r'J:s ('yJl gj',--:Ll'L_' (LflLl gg Ih)r t il ~ ~.:, o~lth ;-i t O!1g Clost' to the pCli t liogcU1 1 ::', 1!:Hlf,: ~lnd St;paraleJ (;-'01:1 -j t- Lly ::t c h alln c l fJ 1 :11 ))1~!, I:.:land; vh~\:::h lS ~lh{j;_lt l) ,1 LTl1 lOI~;; ~JJLl 1:;C m tV'] al..'t~;:: ()f ;Jr;cl re:lC~1111,\~ a height oE 6() E~lst L~;l;:md ~ ~). 7 1 ic:< ,2 kIll to the L::(l.st of flogan ~:318nd. l:-f the g islands} vv'jth littJe ion, Tlle Thill is tu the nort!l ar(' 'f respect -tvely, :)/j. 'lh j)) higlJ, and Round l£.,t to the SOL:.tht;;:lst i:~ .'17 lD iLigh. These three islailc1s an? eclch less than O.,t hc;ctarE's. ']'1,AfO small rocks, ) l-{ock, iL() m high, :H1cl Northeast Islet., ~~O In high, Lie': to the flortheast cd' Hogan Island. near8st thCT statiuTls to the group ;:lrc those on Wilson is Promontory c-lnd Dca 1 sJ and. Tht' ;1V(-:r:J~~c annual infall fo.c the st.andal'cl :50 year Ik'rioci is 77S mm em [leal Islanu, clllc1 l07!J nlm at Wilsonls Promonto ]i~~hthollSe3 111 hoth cases spread evenly Lhn~nlghout the h'lt-h a sli_sht ~\Illltcr maximum. J.LoHever) L)c1th VJjlson's PrOl1!Oll and Dc~:;l ISJiJIld m) ~l.n: consider;1)";}Y hjgher than Hogan Group and it js siI'. that iJtful. J un the lat j s less thall 7()O mm. The onl \ve8ther ,·:to-tion OIl a sH~aJI10\,,' L~-:;land iTi Ba:-.;s :.:ltrait l~; at Cc'osr: Islal1d} ~)7 hectaI'cs and l().,r:; TIl in hCjght, the Ii"lOSt westt'rl;' isLJIld of Ll1e Furneallx Group., wllich ha:; an annu81 Y,Tln lJ_ of S(~~O mnl. '!;) t~_'mpL"1'atllrc' l~clta ,-trc: av;::;ilablc from t.he j)e,J.l station, ;Jllt il nC~11 Island and Il0f:!Jl11 C~~Ollf' h(l\/8 milJ tn;}riTimc climD.tes similar to that of t.he eaux l~roup, Hi til both lOh:cr maxumUll [.lIld higher m-·Ln_Ln:ulll temperatLrre.s than or Victoyi3 (Rurc~iu ~lctl'orology L9S4). C[oLOC;Y ':'he geology of J!OgJ.!1 IsLand ]5 shown j_D figure 10 The group i::; of the graili L';,j bath}'] j th :;upposed Devonian age \\i'hich extend::: from Wi ISDn s PrO!11ontory to nnTtb('a~,tern lasn:anj a Thi gran] occurs i.n tV'iO disti net tYllcs ~ a pOl'pLy-ri tic and a fin..:; :ralHed variety., the former' aimClst ide:nt-ic;-d in (1ppearance to the granite llf h'i!:')on~s Promonto:ty lvhieh has beef) cl'ibed by Rced (L)S9), Un SlflCll1 areas of Bug:.n'l land tllere l~. a th1.n deposit of Ple5.stoc{~nc June 1 imestone) ClllJ beach clepo:-:;it~) havc; fOT1nel~ en tJlC·' eastE;rn coast. PO~~'ptlir;.tic Cranitc li01:p]lyrit-j c graIll out un th(· slJlnmi_t of IIoga:1 I~;l.lnJ. hiherc it forn:s CI OVE'T "jJjU fille ?,l'D.. ni to it also fDrms most I)f the coa.st<J.l cLiffs and hcad.­ The otht:r to l;c COTJlpos(-:d ent.i".ccly of p()l~l1hyrjtic up to th'O inches in lcngtJ~ and a of -1 c- uJ ~~.r"1 y l' (h~~ n():rthf~ as t C01'n2r of rl1P islarlcl. l'llis granite j_~ stro~gly joi in HorlL~~-;otlth ancl C2S t diTection~; and Iso hJS a pj~OnolHH-:ed horizont81 jointing tcrn, gTe'\' gl"anitc Fine gr~natc; constI the mGin body- of Hogan I:,lancl \',lit[) small outcrops throu[h the dune deoosi ts and en 'The 1'o...:k consists of equi granular -:; fe ml~l bioti_te and has a sl1uth',',-cst oint-ing p;:lttelTI, Th8 h8tiveer: two types of granite sharp \,·Jhf.-;re it is exposed at the north and east coasts There i':J no apparent tional zone or shatter~ und 8.~: Intosh () 7 fiFCEN7 R!:ACH $B,t~OS Plf;:.$l'OCfNf. S.M'<IDS mid t CAl(,-lo.MHrlr: \ DfVONI.-4N I fH~!: ().!{tfY GlItAN!7f \, I I I i ANiH i)YK!:~ \\' D(lU£~HnL D1Kf-5 1-'ICURE 68 Hogan Group - i'hysical Environment and Vertebrate Fauna ing at the contact between the two granites "md no differential erosion. At the slllnmit the contact is in a horizontal pLme while on the coast the contact is vertical with a very irregular strike. Dyke Rocks Apli te dykes up to one foot wide occur in the porphyriti c granite striking north­ south and east-west and in the fine grey granite they strike southeast. These dykes have associated tourllJaline nodules in some areas. Doleritc dykes werc found on the northeast point of Hogan Island. A nwnher of parallel dykes up to 15 cm wide and m long strike north-south and one dyke, 0.6 III wide and 12 III long was found strild ng east-west. These dykes are dark brown in colour as they are partly decomposed and ferruginised, but they were identified by petrographic examination. Pleistocene calcarenite and sands Much of Hogan Isl;md is covered by a fine brown sand showing fine bedding patt­ erns. Beneath this a layer of calcarenite occurs above the gnmi teo This limestone is only 30 cm thick in most places but is at least 6 m thick on the north-east coast of the island. This rock type has been described elsewhere by Jennings (1968) and it occurs on Wilson's Promontory, Deal and Flinders Islands. At the interface with the granite a layer of fine grained limestone has formed, presumably through leaching of the calcarenite, and in places where the overlying calcarenite has eroded away this material forms ledges.
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