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Port Talbot Steelworks (Power Generation Enhancement) Order Neath Port Talbot County Borough

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Port Talbot Steelworks (Power Generation Enhancement) Order Neath Port Talbot County Borough Port Talbot Steelworks (Power Generation Enhancement) Order Neath Port Talbot County Borough Archaeological Watching Brief for Environmental Scientifics Group (ESG) on behalf of Tata Steel (UK) Ltd. CA Project: 5078 CA Report: 14580 December 2014 Port Talbot Steelworks (Power Generation Enhancement) Order Neath Port Talbot County Borough Archaeological Watching Brief CA Project: 5078 CA Report: 14580 prepared by Jay Wood, Supervisor Designate date 11 December 2014 checked by Cliff Bateman, Principal Fieldwork Manager date 15 December 2014 approved by Simon Cox, Head of Fieldwork signed date 15 December 2014 issue 02 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Building 11 41 Burners Lane South Stanley House Kemble Enterprise Park Kiln Farm Walworth Road Kemble, Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover, Hampshire Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ MK11 3HA SP10 5LH t. 01285 771022 t. 01908 564660 t. 01264 347630 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Port Talbot Steelworks, Neath Port Talbot County Borough: Archaeological Watching Brief CONTENTS SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-9) .......................................................................................... 6 Possible Margam Copper Works ......................................................................... 7 Margam Iron and Steel Works ............................................................................. 7 Railway tracks ...................................................................................................... 8 3. DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................... 8 4. CA PROJECT TEAM ........................................................................................... 9 5. REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 9 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ..................................................................... 11 APPENDIX B: TRENCH DIMENSIONS ............................................................................ 26 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan (1:1500) Fig. 3 Trenches 101 and 204: Photographs Fig. 4 Trenches 13 and 302: Photographs Fig. 5 Trench 205: Photographs Fig. 6 Trenches 103 and 204: Photographs Fig. 7 Trenches 201 and 401: Photographs Fig. 8 Ordnance Survey County Series, map of Glamorganshire, 1877 Fig. 9 Ordnance Survey County Series, map of Glamorganshire, 1940 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Port Talbot Steelworks, Neath Port Talbot County Borough: Archaeological Watching Brief SUMMARY Project Name: Port Talbot Steelworks (Power Generation Enhancement) Order Location: Neath Port Talbot County Borough NGR: SS 7731 8842 Type: Watching Brief Date: 29 September-31 October 2014 Location of Archive: Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales Site Code: TATA 14 An archaeological watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in September and October 2014 during ground investigation works at Port Talbot Steelworks, Neath Port Talbot County Borough. Four trenches (excavated as 26 separate units) and 18 test pits were excavated. The watching brief identified modern structural features and extensive made ground deposits associated with the construction and demolition of the coke ovens and rail infrastructure of the former Margam Iron and Steel Works. An undated wall, possibly associated with the former Margam Copper Works, was identified in Trench 205. No archaeological features pre- dating the later post-medieval/modern period were identified during the watching brief. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Port Talbot Steelworks, Neath Port Talbot County Borough: Archaeological Watching Brief 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In September and October 2014 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological watching brief for Environmental Scientifics Group (ESG), on behalf of Tata Steel (UK) Ltd, at Port Talbot Steelworks (Power Generation Enhancement) Order site, Port Talbot Steelworks, Neath Port Talbot County Borough (NPTCB) (centred on NGR: SS 7731 8842; Fig. 1). The watching brief was undertaken to fulfil a request by Judith Doyle, Acting Archaeological Planning Officer, Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT), the archaeological advisor to NPTCB, that an archaeological watching brief be undertaken during all intrusive groundworks associated with ground investigations for a proposed power plant. A separate report will be compiled detailing the results of an archaeological watching brief undertaken during preliminary groundworks associated with a proposed cable run at the site. 1.2 The watching brief was carried out in accordance with a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2014) and approved by NPTCB acting on the advice of Judith Doyle. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and guidance for an archaeological watching brief (IfA 2009), the Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (English Heritage 1991), and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). It was monitored by Judith Doyle. The site 1.3 The proposed development area is approximately 7ha in extent and is located in the north of the Port Talbot steelworks site, adjacent to existing steelworks infrastructure. Land use previously comprised the on-site coke works but currently is open scrub land with a car park and hardstanding in the north and east. The site is characterised by low-lying industrial land. 1.4 The underlying bedrock geology of the area is mapped as South Wales Middle Coal Measures Formation - Mudstone, Siltstone and Sandstone of the Carboniferous overlain by Quaternary Tidal Flat Deposits (BGS 2014). The natural substrate identified during the watching brief comprised mid blue grey clay overlain by deposits of dark yellow brown sand and gravel. 3 © Cotswold Archaeology Port Talbot Steelworks, Neath Port Talbot County Borough: Archaeological Watching Brief Archaeological background 1.5 A Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Assessment, previously undertaken for the site, has been incorporated into the associated Environmental Statement (Aecom 2014). The assessment noted that there are no World Heritage, Scheduled Monuments or Battlefield sites within the proposed application area, although five scheduled monuments are located in the immediate vicinity (ibid.). 1.6 No evidence for prehistoric or Roman activity has previously been identified within the current application area (ibid.). Mesolithic artefacts, presumably lithics, and peat deposits were however identified during groundworks to extend the docks north- west of the current site in 1972 (ibid.). Evidence for later prehistoric activity currently appears to be sited on the higher ground to the east of the site (ibid.). Roman road markers, most probably associated with the Roman road from the fort at Neath to Cardiff, have been identified in the immediate area as have Roman artefacts, the latter when the docks were extended in 1886 (ibid.). 1.7 Early medieval activity in the area is currently restricted to the identification of four decorated stone monuments in close proximity to the River Afan north of the current site (ibid.). Further, unsubstantiated, evidence for early medieval activity was recorded during the late 19th-century extension to the docks (ibid.). Medieval activity predominately comprises domestic buildings, but also includes further evidence of stone slabs close to the River Afan (ibid.). 1.8 The former Margam Copper Works lies within the proposed development area. It was opened in 1772, ceased production in 1898 and was largely demolished by 1917. However, the extent of these clearance works, particular below the contemporary ground level, remains undetermined (ibid.). In 1926 the Margam Iron and Steel Works was built on the site of the Margam Copper Works (ibid.). Abbey Works, opened in 1951, is the site of the current (Port Talbot) steelworks and was constructed to integrate with the Margam Iron and Steel Works. During groundworks immediately prior to its construction, a layer of peat, up to 5m in thickness, was identified under the majority of the Abbey Works site (ibid.). Archaeological objectives 1.9 The objectives of the archaeological works were: 4 © Cotswold Archaeology Port Talbot Steelworks, Neath Port Talbot County Borough: Archaeological Watching Brief to monitor groundworks, and to identify, investigate and record all significant buried archaeological deposits revealed on the site during the course of the development groundworks; at the conclusion of the project, to produce an integrated archive for the project work and a report setting out the results of the project and the archaeological conclusions that can be drawn from the recorded data. Methodology 1.10 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of four trenches (excavated as 26 separate units) and 18 test pits in the locations shown on the attached
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