Encyclopedia of Cloud Computing

Editors

San Murugesan BRITE Professional Services and Western Sydney University, Australia

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Names: Murugesan, San, editor. | Bojanova, Irena, 1963– editor. Title: Encyclopedia of cloud computing / editors, San Murugesan, Irena Bojanova. Description: Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom ; Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, [2015] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015040295 (print) | LCCN 2015051450 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118821978 (cloth) | ISBN 9781118821954 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781118821961 (ePub) Subjects: LCSH: Cloud computing–Encyclopedias. Classification: LCC QA76.585 .E556 2016 (print) | LCC QA76.585 (ebook) | DDC 004.67/8203–dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015040295

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Set in 10/12pt Times by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India

1 2016 Editorial Advisory Board

Rajkumar Buyya Professor, The University of Melbourne Australia

Wushow Chou Professor Emeritus, North Carolina State University USA

Atsuhiro Goto Professor, Institute of Information Security Japan

Philip LaPlante Professor, Penn State University USA

Jay Liebowitz Distinguished Chair of Applied Business and Finance, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology USA

Simon Liu Director, US National Agricultural Library USA

Ram Sriram Division Chief, Software and Systems, ITL, NIST USA

Liang‐Jie Zhang (LJ) Chief Scientist and Director of Research, Kingdee International Software Group Company China

Contents

About the Editors xii About the Authors xiv Reviewers xxxvi Foreword xxxviii Preface xxxix Acknowledgments xlv

Part I Introduction to Cloud Computing 1

1 Cloud Computing: An Overview 3 San Murugesan and Irena Bojanova

Part II Cloud Services 15

2 Cloud Services and Service Providers 17 K. Chandrasekaran and Alaka Ananth

3 Mobile Cloud Computing 29 Saeid Abolfazli, Zohreh Sanaei, Mohammad Hadi Sanaei, Mohammad Shojafar, and Abdullah Gani

4 Community Clouds 41 Amin M. Khan, Felix Freitag, and Leandro Navarro

5 Government Clouds 52 Sean Rhody and Dan Dunn

6 Cloud‐Based Development Environments: PaaS 62 Mehmet N. Aydin, Nazim Ziya Perdahci, and Bahadir Odevci viii Contents

Part III Cloud Frameworks and Technologies 71

7 Cloud Reference Frameworks 73 Kapil Bakshi and Larry Beser

8 Virtualization: An Overview 89 Jim Sweeney

9 Cloud Network and I/O Virtualization 102 Kapil Bakshi and Craig Hill

10 Cloud Networks 115 Saurav Kanti Chandra and Krishnananda Shenoy

11 Wireless Datacenter Networks 128 Yong Cui and Ivan Stojmenovic

12 Open‐Source Cloud Software Solutions 139 G. R. Gangadharan, Deepnarayan Tiwari, Lalit Sanagavarapu, Shakti Mishra, Abraham Williams, and Srimanyu Timmaraju

13 Developing Software for Cloud: Opportunities and Challenges for Developers 150 K. Chandrasekaran and C. Marimuthu

Part IV Cloud Integration and Standards 163

14 Cloud Portability and Interoperability 165 Beniamino Di Martino, Giuseppina Cretella, and Antonio Esposito

15 Cloud Federation and Geo‐Distribution 178 William Culhane, Patrick Eugster, Chamikara Jayalath, Kirill Kogan, and Julian Stephen

16 Cloud Standards 191 Andy Edmonds, Thijs Metsch, Alexis Richardson, Piyush Harsh, Wolfgang Ziegler, Philip Kershaw, Alan Sill, Mark A. Carlson, Alex Heneveld, Alexandru‐Florian Antonescu, and Thomas Michael Bohnert

Part V Cloud Security, Privacy, and Compliance 205

17 Cloud Security: Issues and Concerns 207 Pierangela Samarati and Sabrina De Capitani di Vimercati

18 Securing the Clouds: Methodologies and Practices 220 Simon Liu

19 Cloud Forensics 233 Shams Zawoad and Ragib Hasan Contents ix

20 Privacy, Law, and Cloud Services 245 Carol M. Hayes and Jay P. Kesan

21 Ensuring Privacy in Clouds 255 Travis Breaux and Siani Pearson

22 Compliance in Clouds 267 Thorsten Humberg and Jan Jürjens

Part VI Cloud Performance, Reliability, and Availability 275

23 Cloud Capacity Planning and Management 277 Yousri Kouki, Frederico Alvares, and Thomas Ledoux

24 Fault Tolerance in the Cloud 291 Kashif Bilal, Osman Khalid, Saif Ur Rehman Malik, Muhammad Usman Shahid Khan, Samee U. Khan, and Albert Y. Zomaya

25 Cloud Energy Consumption 301 Dan C. Marinescu

26 Cloud Modeling and Simulation 315 Peter Altevogt, Wolfgang Denzel, and Tibor Kiss

27 Cloud Testing: An Overview 327 Ganesh Neelakanta Iyer

28 Testing the Cloud and Testing as a Service 338 Nitin Dangwal, Neha Mehrotra Dewan, and Sonal Sachdeva

29 Cloud Service Evaluation 349 Zheng Li, Liam O’Brien, and Rajiv Ranjan

Part VII Cloud Migration and Management 361

30 Enterprise Cloud Computing Strategy and Policy 363 Eric Carlson

31 Cloud Brokers 372 Ganesh Neelakanta Iyer and Bharadwaj Veeravalli

32 Migrating Applications to Clouds 383 Jyhjong Lin

33 Identity and Access Management 396 Edwin Sturrus and Olga Kulikova x Contents

34 OAuth Standard for User Authorization of Cloud Services 406 Piotr Tysowski

35 Distributed Access Control in Cloud Computing Systems 417 K. Chandrasekaran and Manoj V. Thomas

36 Cloud Service Level Agreement 433 Salman A. Baset

37 Automatic Provisioning of Intercloud Resources driven by Nonfunctional Requirements of Applications 446 Jungmin Son, Diana Barreto, Rodrigo N. Calheiros, and Rajkumar Buyya

38 Legal Aspects of Cloud Computing 462 David G. Gordon

39 Cloud Economics 476 Sowmya Karunakaran

Part VIII Cloud Applications and Case Studies 489

40 Engineering Applications of the Cloud 491 Kincho H. Law, Jack C. P. Cheng, Renate Fruchter, and Ram D. Sriram

41 Educational Applications of the Cloud 505 V. K. Cody Bumgardner, Victor Marek, and Doyle Friskney

42 Personal Applications of Clouds 517 Cameron Seay, Montressa Washington, and Rudy J. Watson

43 Cloud Gaming 524 Wei Cai, Fangyuan Chi, and Victor C. M. Leung

Part IX Big Data and Analytics in Clouds 537

44 An Introduction to Big Data 539 Mark Smiley

45 Big Data in a Cloud 551 Mark Smiley

46 Cloud‐Hosted Databases 562 Sherif Sakr

47 Cloud Data Management 572 Lingfang Zeng, Bharadwaj Veeravalli, and Yang Wang Contents xi

48 Large‐Scale Analytics in Clouds 582 Vladimir Dimitrov

49 Cloud Programming Models (MapReduce) 596 Vladimir Dimitrov

50 Developing Elastic Software for the Cloud 609 Shigeru Imai, Pratik Patel, and Carlos A. Varela

51 Cloud Services for Distributed Knowledge Discovery 628 Fabrizio Marozzo, Domenico Talia, and Paolo Trunfio

52 Cloud Knowledge Modeling and Management 640 Pierfrancesco Bellini, Daniele Cenni, and Paolo Nesi

Part X Cloud Prospects 653

53 Impact of the Cloud on IT Professionals and the IT Industry 655 Cameron Seay, Montressa Washington, and Rudy J. Watson

54 Cloud Computing in Emerging Markets 664 Nir Kshetri and Lailani L. Alcantara

55 Research Topics in Cloud Computing 676 Anand Kumar, B. Vijayakumar, and R. K. Mittal

56 Cloud Outlook: The Future of the Clouds 682 San Murugesan and Irena Bojanova

Index 687 About the Editors

San Murugesan is editor‐in‐chief of IT Professional, director of BRITE Professional Services, and adjunct professor at the Western Sydney University, Australia. He is a corporate trainer, a consultant, and an author. He is a former senior research fellow of the US National Research Council at NASA Ames Research Center, California, and served in various positions at ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore. His expertise and interests span a range of areas: cloud computing, green IT, IT for emerging regions, Internet of Things (IoT), smart systems, and mobile applications. He is a co‐editor of Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices (Wiley and IEEE Computer Society, 2012), Understanding and Implementing Green IT (IEEE Computer Society, 2011), Handbook of Research on Web 2.0, 3.0, and X.0: Technologies, Business, and Social Applications (Information Science Reference, 2009), and Web Engineering (Springer, 2001). He serves as editor of Computer and edits and contributes to its “cloud cover” column. He also serves as associate editor of IEEE Transaction on Cloud Computing. He is standing chair of the COMPSAC Symposium on IT in Practice (ITiP). Dr. Murugesan is a Fellow of the Australian Computer Society, a Fellow of IETE, and a senior member of the IEEE Computer Society (IEEE CS). For further information, visit his web site at www.bitly.com/sanprofile (accessed November 22, 2015).

Irena Bojanova, PhD, is a computer scientist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). She managed academic programs at University of Maryland University College (UMUC), Johns Hopkins University (JHU) and PIsoft Ltd., and co‐started OBS Ltd. (now CSC Bulgaria). She received her PhD in computer science / mathematics from Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and her MS and BS degrees in mathematics from Sofia University, Bulgaria. Dr. Bojanova was the founding chair of IEEE CS Cloud Computing Special Technical Community and acting editor‐in‐chief of IEEE Transaction on Cloud Computing. She is a co‐chair of the IEEE Reliability Society IoT Technical Committee and a founding member of the IEEE Technical Sub‐Committee on Big Data. Dr. Bojanova is the Integrity Chair, IEEE CS Publications Board, an associate editor‐in‐chief and editor of IT About the Editors xiii

Trends Department of IT Professional and an associate editor of International Journal of Big Data Intelligence (IJBDI). She writes cloud and IoT blogs for IEEE CS Computing Now (www.computer.org, accessed February 13, 2015). Dr. Bojanova is a senior member of IEEE CS and can be reached at [email protected]. About the Authors

Saeid Abolfazli is a research lead and big data analyst at Xchanging and YTL Communications, Malaysia. His research interests include mobile cloud computing, parallel and distributed systems, and big data analytics. Saeid completed his PhD at the University of Malaya in 2014 where he served as a research member and part‐time lecturer. His PhD was fully funded by the University of Malaya as a high‐impact research project. Saeid was also a lecturer for the Ministry of Education and Khorasan Technical and Vocational Organization between 2000 and 2006. He is a member of the IEEE Society and IEEE CS Cloud Computing special technical community (STC). He served as Publicity Chair of ISSRE in 2015 and reviewer for several international conferences and journals on computer science. For further details, visit his Web page at www.mobilecloudfamily. com/saeid (accessed November 21, 2015) and contact him at [email protected].

Lailani L. Alcantara is an associate professor at the College of International Management and Graduate School of Management in Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University (APU). Her research interests include innovation, entrepreneurship, international expansion, and social networks. Her current research projects include ubiquitous computing business and innovation diffusion. She has published articles in the Journal of International Management, Management Decision, Japanese Journal of Administrative Science, Management Research Review, Journal of Transnational Management, and Asian Business and Management. She has received research grants from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan, the Highly Commended Paper Award from Emerald Publishing, and outstanding research and teaching awards from APU. For further details, visit her Web page at https://sites.google.com/site/lailanipark/home (accessed November 22, 2015).

Peter Altevogt is a performance architect at IBM Germany Research and Development GmbH in Boeblingen in Germany. His interests include hardware architectures, information management, cloud computing, high‐ performance computing systems and performance analysis using discrete‐event simulations and queueing modeling. He has built up and led performance teams for IBM BladeCenter systems, IBM information management software products, and cloud management software. He is currently working on performance analysis of next‐generation processor systems. He has authored numerous publications and holds various patents. For further details, contact him at [email protected].

Frederico Alvares is a teaching and research associate at Ecole des Mines de Nantes, France. He received his PhD in Computer Science from University of Nantes and his interests include cloud computing, autonomic computing, and self-adaptive component‐based software development. His major contributions include About the Authors xv

a mechanism for the coordination and synchronization of autonomic cloud services and the application of discrete control techniques to build correct self‐adaptive component‐based applications. For further details contact him at [email protected].

Alaka Ananth is currently working as a lecturer in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the National Institute of Engineering, Mysore, India. She had completed her postgraduate program at the National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal Mangalore, India. Her research interests include cloud computing and algorithms. She has five papers to her credit. For further details contact her at [email protected].

Alexandru-Florian Antonescu is a research associate in the Department of Products and Innovation at SAP Switzerland. He received his PhD from the University of Bern (Switzerland) in 2015. He obtained his Master degree in the management of information technology, and his diploma in computer science from University “Politehnica” of Bucharest (Romania). His research interests include distributed computing, scalability of cloud systems, large‐scale statistical data analysis, and mobile computing. For his PhD he investigated the use of service‐level agreements in cloud environments for scaling distributed infrastructures. For further details contact him at [email protected].

Mehmet N. Aydin is an associate professor of management information systems (MIS) in the Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences at KADIṘ HAS University. He holds a PhD degree in MIS from the University of Twente in the Netherlands. His interests include cloud computing, agile software development, and business applications of social network analysis. He has published over 40 articles as journal papers (e.g., in the Journal of Database Management, Information Frontiers, and the Journal of Enterprise Management), book chapters (e.g., in the Springer series on Lecture Notes in Computer Science), and conference proceedings (IFIP 8.1, CAISE). His contribution to the research field of method engineering and agile methods has been cited in various studies. He can be reached at [email protected].

Kapil Bakshi is a distinguished systems engineer for Cisco Systems Inc. He has over 19 years of experience in the industry in various roles at Oracle, Hewlett‐Packard, and other salient high‐tech companies. His current areas of focus are cloud architectures, big‐data analytics, datacenter applications, and software‐defined networks. He holds leadership positions in several industry forums and bodies. Kapil is a prolific author and industry contributor, with several publications, papers, and books. He also holds patents in data analytics and service provider domains. He holds a BSEE, a BSCS and an MBA from University of Maryland, College Park, and an MS in computer engineering from Johns Hopkins University. He can be reached at [email protected], Twitter: @kapil_bakshi and https://www.linkedin.com/in/kbakshi (accessed November 22, 2015).

Diana Barreto is a research assistant at the Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems Laboratory (CLOUDS Lab) at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Her interests include distributed systems, cloud computing (especially platform as a service) and multicloud environments. She received her BSc in 2006 in systems engineering at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia. In 2008 she received a graduate diploma in software construction at Universidad de los Andes, Colombia, and in 2013 she finished her MSc degree in information technology at the University of Melbourne. She worked for more than 6 years, designing and developing distributed applications for telecommunications and financial companies. For further details contact her at [email protected].

Salman A. Baset is a research staff member at IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY. His research interests include cloud computing, DevOps and configuration management, telco and IPTV analytics, xvi About the Authors and Internet protocols. He has co‐designed the RELOAD protocol for building peer‐to‐peer communication systems, which is now an Internet RFC. Currently, he serves as the vice‐chair of the SPEC OSG cloud subcom- mittee on cloud benchmark standardization; he is a core reviewer on the OpenStack Chef‐based deployment project (https://github.com/stackforge/openstack‐chef‐repo, accessed November 22, 2015), and a chair of the distributed and fault‐tolerant computing (DFTC) professional interest community at IBM. He is a recipient of the Young Scholars Award from the Marconi Society in 2008 and a best paper award at IPTCOMM in 2010.

Pierfrancesco Bellini is a professor of programming methods for electronic calculators, School of Engineering, at the University of Florence. His interests include ontology design, formal methods, temporal logics, distributed systems, and software engineering. He received a PhD in electronic and informatics engineering from the University of Florence. He has been involved in European Commission projects such as ECLAP, AXMEDIS, VARIAZIONI, IMAESTRO, WEDELMUSIC, and he is currently involved in industrial projects such as TRACE‐IT, RAISSS, and ICARO CLOUD. He has been the program co‐chair of the WEDELMUSIC, ICECCS, and AXMEDIS conferences. He has been co‐editor of the ISO MPEG SMR standard in MPEG 4. For further details, visit his Web page at http://www.disit.dinfo.unifi.it/bellini (accessed November 22, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

Larry Beser is currently a master technology consultant with HP Enterprise Services. His interests include demonstrating how applying enterprise architecture principles to extreme complexity delivers unique value to his global clients. Larry’s roles include chief technologist and chief architect with EDS as well as HP. He was recognized for his work by being named a Distinguished SE in the program’s inaugural group at EDS. While at Cisco, he invented new tools and methods for creating cloud‐adoption strategies for global clients and developed 3D datacenter modeling for visualizing problem and solution complexity. His publications span datacenter energy management, cloud strategy, and enterprise architecture. For further details, visit his Web page at www.LarryBeser.com (accessed November 22, 2015), or contact him at [email protected].

Kashif Bilal is an assistant professor at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan. His research interests include energy‐efficient high‐speed networks, green computing, and robustness in datacenters. Currently, he is focusing on exploration of network traffic patterns in real datacenters and development of the datacenter network workload generator. He received his PhD in electrical and computer engineering from North Dakota State University, Fargo, United States in 2014. He also received the College of Engineering (CoE) Graduate Student Researcher of the year 2014 award at NDSU. For further details, contact him at [email protected].

Thomas Michael Bohnert holds a PhD from the University of Coimbra and a diploma degree in computer engineering from the University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, for which he also worked as research associate and lecturer at the Institute for Software Engineering and Communications. After academic tenures, he joined SIEMENS Corporate Technology, the company’s corporate research department, responsible for defining and driving a future Internet strategy. In 2008 he joined SAP AG, working at the SAP Research Labs Zurich, Switzerland, first as senior researcher and later as technical director. In mid‐2009 he was appointed chief future Internet strategist. From 2012 onwards he was with Zurich University of Applied Sciences teaching service engineering and continuing future Internet research as head of the ICC Lab.

Irena Bojanova. See her biography in the “About the Editors” section.

Travis Breaux is an assistant professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). His interests include software engineering, privacy and security, and legal compliance. Dr. Breaux is the director About the Authors xvii of the Requirements Engineering Lab, which has been funded by the US Department of Homeland Security, the National Science Foundation, and the National Security Agency. He is a co‐founder of the IEEE Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law, Chair of the USACM Committee on Privacy Security, and the designer of the engineering privacy course that is part of CMU’s Masters in Privacy program. He is a senior member of the IEEE and ACM. For further details, visit his Web page http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~breaux/ (accessed November 22, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

V. K. Cody Bumgardner is the chief technology architect at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. His interests include distributed “cloud” computing optimization, computational economics, and research‐ focused computing. Bumgardner is the author of the book OpenStack in Action and focuses on researching, implementing, and speaking about cloud computing and computational economics. For further details, visit his Web page http://codybum.com (accessed November 22, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

Rajkumar Buyya is professor and director of the Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory at the University of Melbourne, Australia. He is also serving as the founding CEO of Manjrasoft, a spinoff company of the university, commercializing its innovations in cloud computing. He has authored over 500 publications and four text books including Mastering Cloud Computing published by McGraw‐Hill and Elsevier / Morgan Kaufmann (2013) for the Indian and international markets respectively. A scientometric analysis of cloud computing literature by German scientists ranked Dr. Buyya as the world’s top‐cited author and the world’s most productive author in cloud computing. He served as the foundation editor‐ in‐chief (EiC) of IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing and is co‐EiC of Software: Practice and Experience. For further information on Dr. Buyya, please visit his cyberhome at www.buyya.com (accessed November 22, 2015).

Wei Cai is a PhD candidate at The University of British Columbia (UBC). His interests include cloud gaming, mobile cloud computing, and cognitive software systems. He received an MSc and a BEng from Seoul National University and Xiamen University, and has completed research visits to Academia Sinica, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and National Institute of Informatics, Japan. Wei has published more than 20 technical papers and his current ongoing work is a cognitive platform for ubiquitous cloud‐based gaming. He has received awards of best paper from SmartCom2014 and CloudComp2013, a UBC doctoral four‐year fellowship, a Brain Korea 21 scholarship, and an excellent student scholarship from the Bank of China. For further details visit his Web page at http://ece.ubc.ca/~weicai/ (accessed November 22, 2015), or contact him at [email protected].

Rodrigo N. Calheiros is a research fellow at the Department of Computing and Information Systems, the University of Melbourne, Australia. His interests include cloud computing, big data analytics, and large‐scale distributed systems. Since 2008, he has been involved in the design and development of the CloudSim toolkit, which has been used by many universities and companies worldwide. He is also serving as associate editor for the journal Computers and Electrical Engineering. For further details, contact him at [email protected].

Eric Carlson is a systems engineer / program manager at TechTrend, Inc. His interests include cloud computing, systems engineering, investment analysis, and acquisition support. He has been instrumental in estab- lishing the foundations for cloud computing within the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), was one of the key authors of the FAA Cloud Computing Strategy, and worked across the agency to help bring the technology to fruition. He holds a Master of Science in systems engineering from George Washington University, a Bachelor of Business Administration and Minor in computer information systems from James Madison University, and is a certified project management professional (PMP). For further details, please contact him at [email protected]. xviii About the Authors

Mark A. Carlson, principal engineer, industry standards at Toshiba, has more than 35 years of experience with networking and storage development and more than 18 years’ experience with Java technology. Mark was one of the authors of the CDMI cloud storage standard. He has spoken at numerous industry forums and events. He is the co‐chair of the SNIA cloud storage and object drive technical working groups, and serves as vice‐chair on the SNIA Technical Council.

Daniele Cenni is a research fellow and holds a PhD in engineering from the Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Italy. His interests include sharing systems (P2P), social networks, information retrieval, and cloud computing. He has participated in European research and development projects like ECLAP and AXMEDIS, and in regional research projects such as ICARO. He was professor for the course operating systems (Master of Science in Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Florence). He has published technical articles in international journals and conferences on these subjects, and has received a research grant from University of Florence since 2007. For further details, visit his Web page http://www.disit.dinfo.unifi.it/cenni (accessed November 22, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

Saurav Kanti Chandra is a senior architect at Infosys Limited. His interests include technology evangelism in the areas of networking, the future of the Internet, network function virtualization, Internet of Things and software‐defined networking. He has authored papers in IEEE conferences and has been the speaker in international conferences. For further details, contact him at [email protected].

K. Chandrasekaran is a professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India. His interests include distributed systems, cloud computing, big data, and green computing. He serves as associate editor and one of the editorial mem- bers of IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing. He is also a member of the IEEE Computer Society’s cloud computing STC. He serves as a member of various professional societies including the IEEE (senior member), the ACM (senior member), and the Computer Society of India (life member). He has more than 180 research papers published by various international journals, and conference papers. He has coordinated many sponsored projects supported by various organizations, which include government and industrial bodies besides some consultancy projects sponsored by industry. For further details, please contact him at his e‐mail address: [email protected].

Jack C. P. Cheng is an assistant professor at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). His interests include construction management, building information modeling, construction ICT, and sustainable built environment. He is a professional member of the Hong Kong Institute of Building Information Modeling (HKIBIM), a member of the Autodesk Industry Advisory Board (AIAB), and a certified Carbon Auditor Professional (CAP). He has received the Champion Prize 2012 Environmental Paper Award organized by the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (HKIE) in Hong Kong and three best paper awards in different international conferences. In 2012, he also received the School of Engineering Distinguished Teaching Award at HKUST. For further details, visit his Web page: http://www.ce.ust.hk/ Web/FacultyStaffDetail.aspx?FacultyStaffId=70 (accessed November 22, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

Fangyuan Chi is a graduate student (MASc) at The University of British Columbia. Her interests include cloud gaming, distributed systems, and data mining. She is currently working on cloud gaming, and has published a conference paper in this field. For further details, contact her at [email protected]. About the Authors xix

Giuseppina Cretella received her PhD in Computer and Electronic Engineering from the Second University of Naples. She is involved in research activities dealing with Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services, Knowledge Discovery, Reverse Engineering and Cloud Computing. She participated in research projects supported by international and national organizations, such as: mOSAIC Cloud FP7 project, CoSSMic Smart Cities FP7 and Cloud@Home.

Yong Cui is a full professor at Tsinghua University, and co‐chair of IETF IPv6 Transition WG Software. His interests include computer network architecture and mobile cloud computing. Having published more than 100 papers in refereed journals and conferences, he received the National Award for Technological Invention in 2013, the Influential Invention Award of the China Information Industry in both 2012 and 2004. He co‐authored five Internet standard documents, including IETF RFC 7283 and RFC 7040, for his proposal on IPv6 transition technologies. He serves on the editorial board on both IEEE TPDS and IEEE TCC. For further details, visit his Web page http://www.4over6.edu.cn/cuiyong/ (accessed November 22, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

William Culhane is a computer science graduate student at Purdue University. His interests include distributed systems, especially with regard to data management and processing algorithms. His recent work with the LOOM system finds optimal aggregation overlays based on mathematical modelling. He has a Bachelor’s degree from the Ohio State University and a Master’s degree from Purdue University. For further details contact him at [email protected].

Nitin Dangwal is a technology architect at Infosys Limited. His interests include cloud computing, access management, and identity federation. He has 11 years of intensive experience in IAM across product development, support, and implementation sides, especially in identity federation. He has previously published papers on security testing in cloud and federation in cloud. He can be contacted at nitin_dangwal@ infosys.com.

Wolfgang Denzel is a research staff member at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory in Switzerland. His interests include the architectural design and performance analysis of datacenters, high‐performance computing systems, server‐interconnect fabrics, and switches. He contributed to the design of various IBM products in the field of switching and high‐performance computing systems and participated in numerous European and US government projects in this field. He has produced more than 40 publications and patents. For further details, contact him at [email protected].

Neha Mehrotra Dewan is a technology architect at Infosys Limited. Her interests include cloud computing, identity and access management, identity governance, and QA services. She has 11 years of intensive experience in JEE‐based product development, sustenance, support, and deployment primarily in the IdAM domain. She has published papers in cloud‐computing areas like “Cloud testing versus testing cloud”, “Security testing in cloud” and “Federation in cloud.” She is a certified IBM cloud computing advisor and can be contacted at [email protected].

Beniamino Di Martino is full professor of information systems and vice‐director of the Department of Industrial and Information Engineering at the Second University of Naples (Italy). His interests include semantic Web and semantic Web services, cloud computing, big‐data intelligence, high‐performance computing and algorithmic patterns recognition. He is project coordinator of the EU‐funded FP7‐ICT‐2010‐256910 project “mOSAIC‐Open‐Source API and Platform for Multiple Clouds” and has been participating in several xx About the Authors national and international research projects, including: EU‐SMARTCITIES CoSSmiC, EU‐ARTEMIS Crystal, EU‐IST OntoWeb and APART, MUR PRIN “Cloud@Home,” “Mosaico,” and “Iside,” FAR – Laboratori Pubblico‐Privati – “LC3,” CNR PF and Agenda 2000. He is chair of the nomination committee for the “Award of Excellence in Scalable Computing,” and active member of: the IEEE Working Group for the IEEE P3203 Standard on Cloud Interoperability; the IEEE Intercloud Testbed Initiative; the Cloud Standards Customer Council, and the Cloud Computing Experts’ Group of European Commission. For further details contact him at [email protected].

Vladimir Dimitrov is a full‐time professor at the University of Sofia, Bulgaria. His interests include grid and cloud computing, database systems, and the formalization and verification of distributed systems. Currently, he is chief of the Computer Informatics Department at the Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Sofia, and director of the Master degree program on information systems in the same faculty. Vladimir Dimitrov is one of the key initiators for the Bulgarian segment of the European Grid. His recent research and publications are on the use of Z‐notation and CSP for the formal specification and verification of distributed systems, such as distributed business processes and MapReduce framework. Vladimir Dimitrov is a member of the editorial board of IT Professional. For further details, contact him at [email protected]‐sofia.bg.

Dan Dunn has been an IT consultant to the private and public sectors since the late 1980s and has spent time as a nonappropriated and Federal employee. Starting as a desktop technician and systems administrator, since the mid‐1990s he has specialized in the planning and execution of large‐scale infrastructure and datacenter transformations. Notably, he has planned and managed worldwide network refreshes, multiyear datacenter migrations, and prepared a Cabinet‐level US agency for Y2K, which required a full refresh of the infrastructure. His experience in the private sector has provided valuable insight for his work now as a leader in Capgemini Government Solutions technology and cloud services. He can be reached at Daniel.Dunn@capgemini‐gs.com.

Andy Edmonds is a senior researcher at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences. His interests include distributed systems, service‐oriented architectures and cloud computing. He currently co‐chairs the Open Grid Forum’s Open Cloud Computing Interface working group. For further details, visit his Web page http:// blog.zhaw.ch/icclab (accessed November 22, 2015), or his linkedin page http://ch.linkedin.com/in/andyedmonds (accessed November 22, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

Antonio Esposito is a PhD student at the Department of Industrial and Information Engineering at the Second University of Naples. His interests include semantic Web and semantic Web services, cloud computing, design and cloud patterns, and reverse engineering. He participates in the EU‐SMARTCITIES CoSSmiC Smart Cities FP7 project and the EEE Intercloud Testbed Initiative. He has received the MS degree (magna cum laude) in computer and electronic engineering from the Second University of Naples. For further details contact him at [email protected].

Patrick Eugster is an associate professor of computer science at Purdue University, currently on leave at the Technical University of Darmstadt. His interests include distributed systems, programming languages, and distributed programming. Patrick worked on a variety of subjects related to distributed systems, including event‐based and reactive programming, wireless sensor networks, and cloud‐based big data processing. Recognition for his research includes a CAREER award from the US National Science Foundation (2007), an induction into the DARPA Computer Science Study Panel (2010), and a Consolidator award from the European Research Council (2013). His research has also been funded by several companies including Google, NetApp, Cisco, and Northrop Grumman. For further details, visit his Web page http://www.cs.purdue. edu/homes/peugster/ (accessed November 22, 2015) or contact him at [email protected]. About the Authors xxi

Felix Freitag is associate professor at the Department of Computer Architecture of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). His current interests include performance evaluation of distributed systems with a focus on cloud computing. He has published extensively in academic conferences and journals. Currently he leads the EU‐funded research project, Clommunity. He received his PhD in telecommunications engineering in 1998. For further details contact him at [email protected].

Doyle Friskney EDD is the AVP and chief technology officer at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. His interests include the application of technology in research and instruction. His focus is on the development of collaborative learning spaces. Friskney has extensive understanding of technology in higher education research environments. In collaboration with the Teaching and Academic Support Center and libraries, he developed a new faculty and student support model that provides comprehensive support across organiza- tional units. He has been appointed by the Governor to the Communications Advisory Council for the state of Kentucky. Recently, he was involved in efforts to establish a statewide higher education research and education network. He also presented at a number of higher education conferences. For further details contact him at [email protected].

Renate Fruchter is the Founding Director of the Project Based Learning Laboratory (PBL Lab) in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at Stanford University. Her current research interests include collaboration technologies in support of cross‐disciplinary, geographically distributed teamwork, e‐Learning, cloud computing, and quantified‐self data analysis. She has received the John L. Tishman Distinguished Lecture in Construction Engineering and Management (2014), the ASCE Computing in Civil Engineering award (2013); the Learning!100 award for innovation (2011), the US Distance Learning Association (USDLA) Twenty‐First Century Award for Best Practices in Distance Learning Distinction (2010), and doctor honoris causa for ground‐breaking work in PBL from AAU Denmark. For further details, visit her Web page http://pbl.stanford.edu (accessed November 22, 2015), or contact her at [email protected].

G. R. Gangadharan is an assistant professor in the Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT), Hyderabad, India. His research interests focus on the interface between technological and business perspectives and include Internet technologies and green IT. He received his PhD in information and communication technology from the University of Trento, Italy and the European University Association. He is a senior member of IEEE and ACM. Contact him at [email protected].

Abdullah Gani is an associate professor at the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, at the University of Malaya where he is director of the Center for Mobile Cloud Computing Research and dean of the faculty. He obtained his Bachelor and Master degrees from the University of Hull, United Kingdom, and his PhD from the University of Sheffield. He was the primary investigator for a high‐ impact research project from 2011 to 2016. Abdullah is an IEEE senior member. For further details visit his Web page at http://web.fsktm.um.edu.my/~abdullah/ (accessed November 22, 2015) or write to him at [email protected].

David G. Gordon works as a compliance engineer at Aetna in Denver, Colorado. Prior to this, he received an MBA from the University at Buffalo and a PhD in engineering and public policy from Carnegie Mellon University, where his research with Dr. Travis Breaux focused on the intersection between legal requirements and software engineering. Aside from his professional interests, he is an active singer and actor, having per- formed with the Buffalo Philharmonic, the Pittsburgh Symphony, the Pittsburgh Opera, and various theater companies. For more information or to contact him, please visit http://davegordonltd.com. xxii About the Authors

Mohammad Hadi Sanaei is with the Department of Information Technology at Shahsavand Co. He obtained his MSc in information technology management from the Ferdowsi University of Mashad. Hadi completed a BE in software engineering in 2010. His interests include mobile commerce, cloud‐based mobile commerce systems, wireless communication and VOIP systems. For further details, contact him at [email protected].

Piyush Harsh is a researcher at the InIT Cloud Computing Lab at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences. He has been researching ways to improve datacenter automation, and OSS/BSS solutions for clouds. In the past he co‐chaired the OpenNebula interoperability working group. His research interests include distributed algorithms, security and authentication solutions, communication protocols, and online privacy. Find more about him at http://piyush‐harsh.info (accessed November 22, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

Ragib Hasan is an assistant professor in the Department of Computer and Information Sciences at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. His primary research interests are computer security, cloud security, and digital forensics. His research has been funded by a National Science Foundation CAREER award, as well as by grants from the Department of Homeland Security, the Office of Naval Research, Google, and Amazon. He was a recipient of the 2013 Google RISE award, the 2014 Best of Blogs and Online Activism award from Deutsche‐Welle, and the 2013 Information Society Innovation Fund award for his Shikkhok.com online education platform for children in South Asia. For further details, visit his Web page http://www. ragibhasan.com (accessed November 22, 2015), or contact him at [email protected].

Carol M. Hayes is a research associate at the University of Illinois College of Law. Her interests include Internet policy, intellectual property, cybersecurity, and online privacy. She is licensed to practice law in Washington State and has written several academic articles focusing on topics like the intersection of cybersecurity and privacy online. She served as a Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Graduate Fellow at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC, and as an Invited Foreign Scholar at the Institute of Intellectual Property in Tokyo, Japan. For further details, please contact her at [email protected].

Alex Heneveld is the co‐founder and chief technology officer at Cloudsoft Corporation, and the founder and a committer on Apache Brooklyn, the leading application blueprinting software. His interests include application architecture, autonomic management, and the representation of semistructured information. Alex holds a PhD (informatics) and an MSc (cognitive science) from the University of Edinburgh, where he was a Marshall Scholar, and an AB (mathematics) from Princeton University. For further details, visit http://www. cloudsoftcorp.com/company/people/alex‐heneveld/ (accessed November 22, 2015).

Craig Hill is a distinguished systems engineer in the US Federal area and has been with Cisco Systems for 19 years. His focus covers a broad range of both current and evolving technologies, protocols, and large‐scale architectures in IP/MPLS, Campus, WAN, datacenter, SDN, and security, while covering a broad customer set, including DoD/IC, and large enterprises. He also serves as a senior field advisor on future product direc- tion in Cisco’s chief development office. He is a 19‐year certified CCIE (#1628), has numerous white‐paper publications spanning broad topics, and holds an electronics engineering degree from Capitol College. He can be reached at [email protected], on Twitter: @netwrkr95 or on Linked‐In: http://www.linkedin.com/in/ crhill/ (accessed November 22, 2015).

Thorsten Humberg is a research assistant at Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST. His interests and research topics include information security and compliance management, for example in the context of cloud computing. He received his computer science degree in 2010 from the About the Authors xxiii

University of Dortmund, Germany. For further details, visit the ISST Web page or contact him at Thorsten. [email protected].

Shigeru Imai is a PhD student at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His interests include adaptive middleware for cloud computing and fault‐tolerant data‐streaming systems. He is currently working on cost‐efficient distributed data processing over multiple cloud environments. He is a recipient of the Yamada Corporation Fellowship for 2012–13. For further details, visit his web site at http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~imais/ (accessed November 22, 2015).

Chamikara Jayalath received his PhD, on geodistributed big‐data processing, from Purdue University. Chamikara has published several peer reviewed papers on big‐data processing. He has also made significant contributions to the Apache Web Services project where he was a project management committee member. For further details contact him at [email protected].

Jan Jürjens is professor of software engineering at Technical University Dortmund (Germany), Scientific Coordinator at Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST, head of the Compliance Innovation Lab at the Fraunhofer Innovation Center for Logistics and IT, and senior member of Robinson College (University of Cambridge, United Kingdom). Previous positions include a Royal Society Industrial Fellowship at Microsoft Research Cambridge, a nonstipendiary Research Fellowship at Robinson College, and a postdoc position at TU München. Jan holds a Doctor of Philosophy in computing from the University of Oxford and is author of Secure Systems Development with UML (Springer, 2005; Chinese translation 2009) and other publications, mostly on software engineering and IT security. For more information see http://jan.jurjens.de (accessed November 23, 2015).

Sowmya Karunakaran is a Ph.D. student at IIT‐Madras. Her research interests include dynamic pricing of online services, cloud computing economics, and modeling online user behavior. She has received various best paper awards and excellence certifications for her work. Her PhD thesis is on developing dynamic pricing algorithms based on bidder behavior for cloud computing services. Her research includes designing information systems that adapt to the user’s behavioral biases using techniques such as game theory and machine learning. Sowmya has a Master’s degree in management from IIM‐Bangalore, and she has worked as a software consultant in the IT services industry for more than 6 years. For further details, contact her at [email protected].

Philip Kershaw is technical manager for Earth Observation at the Centre for Environmental Data Archival, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (http://www.ceda.ac.uk, accessed November 22, 2015). His interests include federated identity management and access control, the application of cloud computing for the environmental sciences, and application development for environmental informatics. Philip is currently technical lead for the JASMIN Cloud, a project to deploy a private and hybrid cloud customized for the science community. JASMIN is a UK‐based big‐data processing and analysis facility for the climate science, Earth observation and environmental sciences communities funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council. He is chair of a UK cloud‐computing working group, formed to support and coordinate activities around the development of cloud computing technologies for the UK research community. He has contributed to the development of federated identity management systems for the environmental sciences including the Earth System Grid Federation and for the EU Framework 7 research project, Contrail, focused on the development of federated cloud capabilities. For further details, visit his blog at http://philipkershaw.blogspot.co.uk/ (accessed November 22, 2015) or follow at @PhilipJKershaw. xxiv About the Authors

Jay P. Kesan is a professor at the University of Illinois College of Law. His interests include patent law, cyberlaw, and entrepreneurship. At the University of Illinois, Professor Kesan is also employed in the Institute of Genomic Biology, the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the Information Trust Institute, the Coordinated Science Laboratory, the College of Business, and the Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics. He has served as a Thomas A. Edison Scholar at the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). For further details, please visit his faculty information page at http://www.law.illinois.edu/faculty/ profile/jaykesan or contact him at [email protected] (accessed November 22, 2015).

Osman Khalid is an assistant professor at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan. His research interests include opportunistic networks, recommendation systems, and trust and reputation networks. He received his PhD in electrical and computer engineering from North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States, and his Master degree in computer engineering from CASE, Pakistan. For further details, contact him at [email protected].

Amin M. Khan is currently working towards his PhD degree at the Department of Computer Architecture of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). His current interests include distributed systems, cloud computing and machine learning. He is a member of the IEEE and the ACM. He received his Master degree in informatics from University of Edinburgh and University of Trento in 2007. For further details, visit his Web page http://aminmkhan.com (accessed November 22, 2015), or contact him at [email protected].

Samee U. Khan is an associate professor at the North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States. Prof. Khan’s research interests include optimization, robustness, and security of: cloud, grid, and big‐data computing. Prof. Khan received a PhD in 2007 from the University of Texas, Arlington, TX, United States. His work has appeared in over 250 publications. He is on the editorial boards of number of leading journals, such as IEEE Transactions on Computers, IEEE Access, and IEEE Cloud Computing Magazine. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET, formerly IEE), and a Fellow of the British Computer Society (BCS). He is a senior member of the IEEE. For further details, visit his Web page: http:// sameekhan.org/ (accessed November 22, 2015).

Tibor Kiss is a software engineer at IBM Storage Department in Hungary. His interests include parallel and distributed systems and quantitative finance. He started working for IBM in 2005 on hardware systems development with a focus on performance engineering and modeling. Recently he has joined the IBM’s storage department where he is working on parallel filesystem development for cloud. He received a BSc in computer engineering from College of Dunaujvaros. For further details, contact him at [email protected].

Kirill Kogan is a research assistant professor at IMDEA Networks. His current research interests are in design, analysis, and implementation of networked systems, broadly defined (in particular network proces- sors, switch fabrics, packet classification, network management, service architecture, cloud, and fog computing). He received his PhD from Ben‐Gurion University in 2012. During 2012–14 he was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Waterloo and Purdue University. He is a former technical leader at Cisco Systems where he worked on design and architecture of C12000 and ASR1000 routers during 2000–12. For further details contact him at [email protected].

Yousri Kouki is a cloud architect and researcher at Linagora. His interests include cloud computing, service‐ oriented computing, autonomic computing and green IT. His professional contributions include a solution for cloud service‐level management. His present activities aim to design and implement an open PaaS solution that supports the lifecycle of cloud applications across multiple IaaS. For further details, contact him at [email protected]. About the Authors xxv

Nir Kshetri is a professor at the University of North Carolina‐Greensboro and a research fellow at Kobe University. Nir holds a PhD from University of Rhode Island. His current research areas include global cybercrime, cybersecurity, and cloud economy. He is the author of four books including Cybercrime and Cybersecurity in the Global South (Palgrave, 2013), and The Global Cyber‐Crime Industry (Springer‐Verlag, 2010). Nir has published over 80 journal articles and has given lectures or presented research papers in 45 countries. He received the Emerald Literati Network Award for Excellence in 2010 and 2013. Nir participated as lead discussant at the peer review meeting of the UNCTAD’s Information Economy Report 2013. Contact him at [email protected].

Olga Kulikova is an information security advisor at KPMG IT Advisory, the Netherlands. She has experience with engagements related to information risk management, cloud security, identity and access management and cyber defense. Olga’s most recent interest is in advising on data protection, cloud assurance and third‐party contract arrangements. Olga received her Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the Bauman Moscow State Technical University and Master of Science degree in information management from the Technical University Delft. Olga has a Cloud Computing Security Knowledge certificate from the CSA. For further details, contact her at [email protected].

Anand Kumar is a professor in the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department and is the Associate Dean, Academic Resource Planning at BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus. He obtained his Master’s degree and doctorate from Rice University, Houston, TX, United States. His research interests include cloud computing, VLSI design, MEMS and telecom. He has spent 7 years at Motorola and Ericsson developing telecom software. He has spent over 13 years in academia in a variety of industry‐based interdisciplinary projects and research. He has over 25 publications. He served as the program co‐chair for the ICCCTAM‐12, 2012. He has won the Outstanding Teaching Award in 2004. For further details, visit his Web page: http://universe. bits‐pilani.ac.in/dubai/akumar/profile (accessed November 22, 2015) or contact him at akumar@dubai. bits‐pilani.ac.in.

Kincho H. Law is currently professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University. His research interests include engineering ontology and information interoperability, legal informatics, e‐government services, enterprise integration, Web services and cloud computing. His works also deal with various aspects of structural health monitoring and control systems, smart manufacturing, computational social science and cyberphysical systems. He serves on several editorial boards including the ASME Journal of Computing Information and Science in Engineering and the ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering. He has authored and co‐authored over 400 articles in journals and conference proceedings. Prof. Law is the recipient of the 2011 ASCE Computing in Civil Engineering Award. For further details, visit his Web page http://eil. stanford.edu (accessed November 23, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

Thomas Ledoux is a senior assistant professor at Mines Nantes and member of the INRIA Ascola team. His interests include software engineering, autonomic computing, green computing and / or cloud computing. He held a PhD from University of Nantes in 1998 in which his main contribution was the design of a reflective middleware named OpenCorba. He heads several national projects for the Ascola team and serves on a number of conference program committees. Currently, he investigates self‐adaptive component‐based applications for large‐scale distributed systems. For further details, visit his Web page, www.emn.fr/ledoux (accessed November 23, 2015), or contact him at thomas.ledoux@mines‐nantes.fr.

Victor C. M. Leung is a professor of electrical and computer engineering and holder of the TELUS Mobility Research Chair at The University of British Columbia. His research interests are in the broad areas of wireless networks and mobile systems. He has contributed more than 850 technical papers, some of which have won xxvi About the Authors best paper awards. He was a winner of the 2012 UBC Killam Research Prize and the IEEE Vancouver Section Centennial Award. He was a distinguished lecturer of the IEEE Communications Society and he is a Fellow of IEEE, the Royal Society of Canada, the Canadian Academy of Engineering, and the Engineering Institute of Canada. For further details, visit his Web page, http://ece.ubc.ca/~vleung/ (accessed November 23, 2015), or contact him at [email protected].

Zheng Li is a PhD candidate at the School of Computer Science at the Australian National University (ANU), and a graduate researcher with the Software Systems Research Group at National ICT Australia (NICTA). His research interests include cloud computing, Web services, software cost / effort estimation, and empirical software engineering. Before starting his PhD, he received a Masters by Research degree from the University of New South Wales (UNSW). He worked for 4 years in industry as a software test engineer before coming from overseas for further graduate degrees. He is the first author of 20+ peer‐reviewed journal and conference publications. For further details, visit his Web page, https://sites.google.com/site/zhenglihomepage (accessed November 23, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

Jyhjong Lin is a full professor and the chair of the Department of Information Management at the Ming Chuan University in Taiwan. His research interests include software engineering, system / business architecture and management, and Web / cloud applications. Prof. Lin received his PhD degree in 1995 from the Computer Science Engineering Department at the University of Texas at Arlington in the United States.

Simon Liu is the Director of the US National Agricultural Library. His research interests include cyber security, knowledge management, artificial intelligence, scientific computing, big data, public access, and open science. Liu has published one book and more than 80 book chapters, journal articles, and conference papers. He has served as a speaker at more than 50 conferences, workshops, and seminars. He has also served as the editor‐in‐chief of IT Professional magazine and editor of two international journals. Liu has received awards from the HHS Secretary, NIH Director, IEEE Computer Society, and the Computer Science Corporation. Contact him at [email protected].

Saif Ur Rehman Malik is an assistant professor at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. His research interests include formal methods (verification, modeling, and analysis) and their applications in large‐scale computing systems. He received his PhD in electrical and computer engineering from North Dakota State University, Fargo, United States in 2014. Besides his PhD, he completed his Master degree in computer science (MSCS) from COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan in 2009. For further details, contact him at [email protected].

Victor Marek is a professor of computer science at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. His interests include computer science logic, constraint solving, databases, and distributed computation. Marek contributed to a variety of areas, including nonmonotonic logic, answer set programming, and logic programming theory. He has received various awards including the Sierpinski Prize from the Polish Mathematical Society. For further details, visit his Web page at http://www.cs.uky.edu/~marek (accessed November 23, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

C. Marimuthu is a PhD student at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India. His research interests include engineering software as a service, green software engineering, and software architecture. His current research work involves providing tools support to develop green and sustainable software. For further details, contact him at muthucwc. [email protected]. About the Authors xxvii

Dan C. Marinescu joined the computer science department at the University of Central Florida in August 2001 as Provost Professor of Computer Science. He has been an associate and then full professor in the Department of Computer Science at Purdue University, in West Lafayette, Indiana, since 1984 and an adjunct professor in the School of Electrical Engineering at Purdue. His contributions span several areas: (i) schedul- ing and workflow management in large‐scale distributed systems, (ii) parallel algorithms and performance evaluation of parallel and distributed systems, (iii) parallel algorithms and systems for the study of the {\tt 3D} structure of biological macromolecules and viral assemblies, and (iv) quantum computing and quantum information theory. He has published more than 220 papers in these areas, in refereed journals, and in conference proceedings. He has also published several books.

Fabrizio Marozzo is a research technician at the University of Calabria, Italy. His interests include parallel computing, distributed systems, data mining and cloud computing. He received a Ph.D. in systems and computer engineering in 2013. In 2011–12 he visited the Barcelona SuperComputing Center (BSC) for a research internship. He coauthored several papers published in conference proceedings, edited volumes and international journals. He has been a member of the program committee of scientific conferences and edited volumes. He was the recipient of two national awards for best Master thesis in the ICT area: the Javaday award (2010) and the AICA / Confindustria thesis award (2010). For further details, visit his Web page at http:// www.fabriziomarozzo.it (accessed November 23, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

Thijs Metsch is a senior researcher at Intel Labs Europe. His interests include orchestration of cloud, grid, and HPC systems based on data science. He co‐chairs the Open Cloud Computing Interface working group, which established one of the first standards in cloud computing. For further details, visit his LinkedIn profile at http://de.linkedin.com/in/thijsmetsch (accessed November 23, 2015), or contact him at thijs.metsch@ intel.com.

Shakti Mishra is an assistant professor in the Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT), Hyderabad, India. Her research interests include distributed systems and formal methods. She holds a PhD from the National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India. Contact her at [email protected].

R. K. Mittal is a senior professor and former director, special projects at Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), India. His research interests include cloud computing, software reliability, robotics, MEMS, nanotechnology, and e‐waste. He holds a Master’s degree in mechanical engineering and a doctorate in software engineering from BITS Pilani. He has published over 80 papers in international and national peer‐ reviewed journals and conferences, has guided numerous Masters’ dissertations and five doctoral theses, while three are ongoing. He has co-authored two textbooks: Robotics and Control (New Delhi, India: McGraw‐Hill, 2003) and Elements of Manufacturing Processes (New Delhi, India: Prentice‐Hall, 2003), several in‐house course notes, lab manuals and monographs. For further details, visit his Web page at http://www.bits‐pilani.ac.in/pilani/ rkm/Profile (accessed November 23, 2015), or contact him at [email protected].

San Murugesan. See his biography in the ‘About the Editors‘ section.

Leandro Navarro is associate professor at the Department of Computer Architecture of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). His current interests include distributed systems with a focus on community computer networks. He has published extensively in academic conferences and journals. Currently he leads the EU‐funded research project, Confine, and the Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate in Distributed Computing. He received his PhD in telecommunication engineering in 1992. For further details contact him at leandro@ ac.upc.edu. xxviii About the Authors

Ganesh Neelakanta Iyer is a QA Architect at Progress Software Development, Hyderabad. He is also a visiting faculty at IIIT, Hyderabad, and adjunct professor at BVRIT, Narsapur, India, in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering. He has several years of industry experience at Progress Software, Hyderabad, Sasken Communication Technologies and NXP semiconductors, Bangalore. His research interests include cloud computing, game theory, software testing with cloud and mobile, and the IoT. He has several international publications including book chapters, journals and conferences. He serves as the chair for several international conferences. He has also delivered many workshops / seminars / invited talks in various research and industry forums as well as in academic institutions both in India and abroad. For further details, visit his Web page at http://ganeshniyer.com/home.html (accessed November 23, 2015).

Paolo Nesi is a full professor of distributed systems at the University of Florence. His interests include distributed systems, smart cloud, knowledge modeling, and data mining. He has been a member of many international conference committees and editor of international publications and journals. Paolo Nesi published more than 230 articles in international journals and congresses and has been chair and / or program chair of a number of international conferences of IEEE, KSI, EC, and program committee member of a number of major conferences. He has been coordinator of a number of large research and development projects of the European Commission, and has worked for ISO MPEG. For further details, visit his Web page at http://www. disit.dinfo.unifi.it/nesi (accessed November 23, 2015) or contact him at [email protected].

Liam O’Brien is an enterprise solution architect with Geoscience Australia. His interests include enterprise, systems, and software architecture, SOA, cloud computing, and software modernization and reuse. He has over 25 years’ experience in research and development in software engineering. He has published 65+ peer‐ reviewed research papers in international journals, conferences, and workshops. He received the best paper award at ICIW 2010 and several SEI Acquisition Support Program team‐excellence awards. He received BSc and PhD degrees from the University of Limerick, Ireland. He is a member of the IEEE, the Australian Computer Society, and the Australian Service Science Society. For further details you can contact him at [email protected].

Bahadir Odevci is the founder of imonacloud.com, which is a cloud‐based technology startup company. He holds an MBA degree (2007) from University of Amsterdam Business School, and a BSc degree (2000) in computer engineering from the Bogazici University, Istanbul. He worked in Amsterdam, Moscow, and Istanbul, providing technical expertise and leadership for large‐scale banking transformations. He worked at IBM Netherlands as lead IT architect for 3 years. Bahadir has published papers in the Journal of Enterprise Architecture, and has given numerous presentations on the business rules approach, SOA, and enterprise architecture for Open Group IT Practitioners, Business Rules Community and Marcus Evans EA conferences across Europe and internally at IBM. He can be reached at [email protected].

Pratik Patel is a graduate student at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His interests include mobile cloud computing, distributed computing, operating systems, and network programming. His latest work includes leveraging the actor model in mobile cloud computing. For further details, contact him at prpatel05@ gmail.com.

Siani Pearson is a principal research scientist at Hewlett Packard Labs. Her interests include privacy, accountability, and security. Siani has recently held the posts of scientific coordinator of a major European research project on accountability for the cloud (A4Cloud) and Vice‐President of the UK chapter of the Cloud Security Alliance. She is a member of several boards including the HP Privacy and Data Protection Board; IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing editorial board, and the advisory boards of several universities and EU