DOCSLIB.ORG

Raising Planting Materials of Peat Swamp Forest Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Raising Planting Materials of Peat Swamp Forest Species Journal of Tropical7 23 Forest Science 15 (1): 237-240 (2003) RAISING PLANTING MATERIALS OF PEAT SWAMP FOREST SPECIES Ismail Shamsudin& * P. , . ,I Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia e availabilitTh f adequatyo e high quality planting materia f peao l t swamp forest (PSF) species is one of the main constraints in rehabilitating degraded PSF. Planting materials of PSF specie currentle sar y difficul t becausge o t t eneves plantinha F r beePS gn ni included in rehabilitation programme pase th t n s(Shamsudii Azian& h 1992). Thereforeo t e du , the low priority given to PSF, there had been no attempt made to raise planting materials speciesF ofPS additionn I . , t muctherno s ehi informatio raiso t plantin e ew th ho n gno materials. As the physical and chemical properties of peat soil are different from other forest types, it is not certain if normal techniques of raising planting materials and nursery management practices applie inlano dt d forest species wil suitable e b l th r efo PSF species. The aim of this study was to investigate suitable techniques of raising planting materials of som speciesF ePS . Three techniques were tried out, namely, seeds, wilding vegetativd san e propagatio stey nb m cutting. Anisoptera marginata d Gonystylusan bancanus wer e germinatio th use r dfo n test because their seeds were available durin stude gth y period tese t.Th was base procedurn do e established by Aminah et al. (1997). Pure river sand with a proportion of approximately diametem m 2 > r d respectivel an particle % m 40 m 2 d s< yan wer0 6 n i et mixepu d dan germinatio cm) 5 traye 3 n X .Th tray s 0 wers(6 e place germinatioa n di n house with light intensity ranging betwee 40%d an 0 .n3 Seeds selecte germinatioe th r dfo n test wer goon ei d conditio matured nan seede .Th s were sown at an interval of 2 cm along the row and 4 cm between rows. The narrow or pointed end of the seed was pushed into the sowing media, leaving the blunt end of the seed exposed. After sowing, the seeds were covered with a thin layer of paddy husk for moisture retention. Watering was done twice a day, in the morning and afternoon, until the seeds germinated. Percentages of germination obtained were 90 and 95% for A. marginata and G. bancanus respectively. After about three weeks in the seedbeds the seedlings (about 5 cm height) were transferred into polybag ) thas cm t (fla containe6 1 t X siz 4 ep 2 to dmixtura 1 3: f eo soil and river sand. The seedlings were then placed under shade with 50% light intensity for a period of six to nine months. Both species had more than 90% survival. In the experiment using wildings, water gel was used to collect the PSF wildings (Ismail & Shamsudin 1999). The PSF species collected were G. bancanus, Madhuca motleyana, A.marginata, Stemonurus secundiflorus, Calophyllum spp., Durio carinatus, Santiria spp. and Pometia pinnata. Collectio conductes nwa mornine th n di g (about 7.00 a.m. minimiso )t e water loss from seedlings through transpiration e aresurveyes befory Th .ada wa e e don collectio locato nt assesd ean amoune th s f wildingo t s present. Small-sized wildings, approximately 4 to 12 cm high, and preferably at two-leaf stage, were collected by pulling wildinge th t carefullsou y fro grounde mth wildinge .Th s were then place plastin di c bags containin wated ratia an t l r1:15f a o go ge 0 (Figur. e1) Received: October 2001 *E-mail: [email protected] 238 Journal of Tropical Forest Science 15 (1): 237-240 (2003) Figure 1 Wildings placed in a plastic bag containing water gel From experience, the wildings can be stored in this condition for more than a week. However bettes i t ,i r that wilding transplantee sb d immediately into polybag nursere th t sa y ensuro t e better growth conditions. Therefore, before collectin wildingse gth , polybags filled with planting media must be ready in the nursery. The planting media used was a combinatio soirived p to an l rf no san ratia t df 3:1a o o . After being transplantee th t da nursery wildingthe , s were then watered caseIn . s wher collectioethe wildingnof swas done far from the permanent nursery, a temporary nursery was established. In this study surviva % meaa , recorde60 s f nspecieo l lwa al r dfo s that were collected using water gel. Metho raisinf do g planting material stey sb m cuttin thin gi s experimen bases twa n do the technique used by Aminah (1991) and Mohamad Lokmal et al. (1992). The species used for this technique were G. bancanus, A. marginata, D. carinatus and Shorea platycarpa. Stem cuttings of these species were obtained from stock plants which were raised in the nursery e preparatioTh . cuttinf no g materials was mornindone th n ei g between 8.0d 0an 11.00 a.m commerciaA . l rooting hormone, Seradix-3 applies wa , improvo dt e rooting percentag e steth m f o ecuttings . Each cutting, wit e leaf t hleas on a e nod , d ton an e had a length of 2 to 3 cm. prepare s cuttine wa Th greed a gn be di n house lighwit% h30 t intensit humiditd yan y ranging between 85 and 95%. The rooting medium was made up of pure river sand. The stem cutting rootind san g medium were kept moisautomatin a y tb c mist sprinkler system operate t hourlda y interval duratioe th ; eacf no minutee h spraon s additionn yI wa . e th , coveres cuttinwa d dgbe with clear plastic sheet supporte woodey db n fram maintaio t e n high humidity around the cuttings. Rooting percentage after six weeks were 51, 41, 20 and bancanus,. G r fo . marginata,% A 32 carinatus. D platycarpa. 5 d an respectively. Even though the root percentages were low, this study showed that vegetative propagation by stem cuttings alternativn a e b n ca e techniqu raisspecieso eF t ePS . More comprehensive stud needeys i d in order to obtain good rooting percentage in this regard. Journal offropicalForest Science 15(1): 237-240 (2003) 239 Figure 2 The rooted stem cuttings of Gonystylus bancanus The rooted stem cuttings (Figure 2) were transferred into polybags (flat size 24 X 16 cm) containing potting media of 3:1 top soil and river sand. The polybags were then placed under shade with 50% light intensity and watered regularly. One gram of commercial fertiliser nitrophoska blue (12N:12P:17K) was applied to each plant at the ages of two and five months to boost the development of roots and leaves. It was observed that the potted rooted cuttings gre then wtreatee ca n b wel d an l d like other planting stocke th n si nursery. From this study conclude w , e specietharaiseF e b tPS n dsca using normal procedures applied to other inland forest species. Even the collection and vegetative propagation by stem cutting, both of which are considered less common techniques compared with technique using seeds, were also found feasible for plant production. Furthermore, it was also observed that management aspects of the PSF species in the nursery were also similar to other inland forest species. These findings suggest that adequate supply of planting materials to rehabilitate degraded PSF can be produced without much constraint. Acknowledgements authore Th s would lik expreso et s their sincere gratitud Malaysian-DANCEo et D Project Sustainabln o e Managemen Peaf to t Swamp Forest Peninsulan si r Malaysia their ,fo r grant facility to fund this study. We also would like to extend our thanks to the officers and staffs of the FRIM nursery for providing advice and assistance during the period of the study. References AMINAH . 1991 H e ,effec th not A ,f lea o n te o f numbe rootinn ro f Hopeago odorata stem cuttings. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 3(4): 384-385. 240 Journal of Tropical Forest Science 15(1): 237-240 (2003) AMINAH, H., ABDUL KHALIM, A. S., NGAIJAH, S. & SHEIKH ABU BAKAR, A. 1997. Panduan Teknik-teknik Pengurusan Tapak Semaian Spesies Perhutanan Malaysia.i d FRIM Technical Information . Handboopp 1 3 . 7 . kNo ISMAIL, P. & SHAMSUDIN, 1.1999. Production of plants from peat swamp forest tree species. Pp. 101-110 in Chin, T. Y. & Palle, H. (Eds.) Sustainable Management of Peat Swamp Forest in Peninsular Malaysia: Resource Environment.d an Volum . ForestreI y Department Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. MOHAMAD LOKMAL, N., SHAMSUDIN, I, DARUS, A. & MOHD NOR, M. 1992. Vegetative propagation of Gonystylus bancanus by stem cutting. Presented at the Regional Symposium on Recent Advance Masn i s s Clonal Multiplicatio f Foresno t Tree r Plantatiosfo n Programme. 1-8 November 1992, Bogor. SHAMSUDIN, I. & AZIAH, M. Y. 1992. Rehabilitation of degraded or logged-over peat swamp forests in Peninsular Malaysia. Pp. 123-126 in Nik Muhamad, M., Ismail Adnan, A. M., Mohd Zaki, H. & Kamaruzaman, J. (Eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on Rehabilitation of Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystems: Research Developmentd an Priorities. Facult f Forestryyo , Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 15(1) (2003) 241 BOOK REVIEW K. .C CHUN. R SOEPADMO. & E GW (Eds.)SA . G . .,L 2002. Tree flor f Saba ao d Sarawakan h . Volum . ForesIV e t Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Sabah Forestry Department Malaysi d Sarawaaan k Forestry Department .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biological, Chemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Madhuca Longifolia Dhruv Jha, Papiya Mitra Mazumder
    Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018; 11(1): 9-14 9 IF: 0.925 Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine journal homepage: www.apjtm.org doi: 10.4103/1995-7645.223528 ©2018 by the Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. All rights reserved. Biological, chemical and pharmacological aspects of Madhuca longifolia Dhruv Jha, Papiya Mitra Mazumder Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra 835215, Ranchi, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Madhuca longifolia (M. longifolia) is also known as Mahua belonging to the family sapoteace Received 17 July 2017 family. M. longifolia is used in traditional and folklore system of medicine widely across Received in revised form 20 October 2017 India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka for its various pharmacological properties as in snake bites and Accepted 4 December 2017 Available online 2 January 2018 in diabetes. Phytochemicals studies documented the different bioactive constituents, namely, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes and saponins. The pharmacological studies proved that it possess wide range of biological activities such as antiulcer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant Keywords: Madhuca longifolia and antidiabetic activities. The toxicity studies reveal its non-toxic effect even at larger doses. Phytochemistry Thus M. longifolia can be considered as a therapeutic agent for specific diseases. Scientific Phatmacology investigation on various isolated bioactive components and its efficacy on diseases proved the Medicinal and non-medical uses future usefulness of different species of Madhuca. This review summarizes the phytochemical, pharmacological, medicinal and non-medicinal uses of M. longifolia. Further exploration on M. longifolia for its therapeutic potential is however required for depth traditional knowledge. diabetes, inflammation, bronchitis, ulcer and other diseases[8-10].
    [Show full text]
  • Madhuca Longifolia (J.Koenig Ex L.) J
    REVIEW ARTICLE A Review on Pharmacological Approach of the Therapeutic Property of Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) J. f. Macbr. Flower Bibha Mishra A*, Usha T Post graduate and Research Department of Foods and Nutrition, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai-600 008, India. *Correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT Liver plays an important role in maintaining the metabolic function and excretion of toxins from the body. An injury or liver dysfunction caused by consumption of toxic chemicals, excessive alcohol and microbes result in a challenging condition called hepatotoxicity. Madhuca longifolia belonging to Sapotaceae family is found to possess pharmacological properties in the treatment of various diseases. The present review aims at compiling the hepatoprotective effect of Mahua flower based on various experimental studies. Methanolic extract of Mahua flower exhibited hepatoprotective property when administered at different dosages in rat was found to lower the levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP and total bilirubin simultaneously increasing serum total proteins and albumin. The ethanolic extract also showed hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats when administered in dosage of 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight by stimulating the healing and regeneration of hepatocytes. Hepatoprotective activity might be due to the effect of extractsagainst the cellular leakage and loss of function of the cell membrane in hepatocytes. The protective effect might be due to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolics. Future prospects include purification and characterization of phyto-compounds present in the Madhucalongifolia flower. Further studies on mechanism of action will lead to discovery of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment hepatic diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Ekspedisi Saintifik Biodiversiti Hutan Paya Gambut Selangor Utara 28 November 2013 Hotel Quality, Shah Alam SELANGOR D
    Prosiding Ekspedisi Saintifik Biodiversiti Hutan Paya Gambut Selangor Utara 28 November 2013 Hotel Quality, Shah Alam SELANGOR D. E. Seminar Ekspedisi Saintifik Biodiversiti Hutan Paya Gambut Selangor Utara 2013 Dianjurkan oleh Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia Jabatan Perhutanan Negeri Selangor Malaysian Nature Society Ditaja oleh ASEAN Peatland Forest Programme (APFP) Dengan Kerjasama Kementerian Sumber Asli and Alam Sekitar (NRE) Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara (PERHILITAN) Semenanjung Malaysia PROSIDING 1 SEMINAR EKSPEDISI SAINTIFIK BIODIVERSITI HUTAN PAYA GAMBUT SELANGOR UTARA 2013 ISI KANDUNGAN PENGENALAN North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest .................................................................................................. 2 North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest Scientific Biodiversity Expedition 2013...................................... 3 ATURCARA SEMINAR ........................................................................................................................... 5 KERTAS PERBENTANGAN The Socio-Economic Survey on Importance of Peat Swamp Forest Ecosystem to Local Communities Adjacent to Raja Musa Forest Reserve ........................................................................................ 9 Assessment of North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest for Forest Tourism ........................................... 34 Developing a Preliminary Checklist of Birds at NSPSF ..................................................................... 41 The Southern Pied Hornbill of Sungai Panjang, Sabak
    [Show full text]
  • Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens Distributed 1901 - 1990
    Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens distributed 1901 - 1990 Page 1 - https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57407494 15 July 1901 Dr T Johnson FLS, Science and Art Museum, Dublin Two cases containing the following:- Ackd 20.7.01 1. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 2. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 3. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 4. Wood of Anogeissus acuminata, Ganjam, Paris Exhibition 1900 5. Wood of Xylia dolabriformis, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 6. Wood of Pterocarpus Marsupium, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 7. Wood of Lagerstremia parviflora, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 8. Wood of Anogeissus latifolia , Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 9. Wood of Gyrocarpus jacquini, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 10. Wood of Acrocarpus fraxinifolium, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 11. Wood of Ulmus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 12. Wood of Phyllanthus emblica, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 13. Wood of Adina cordifolia, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 14. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 15. Wood of Cedrela toona, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 16. Wood of Premna bengalensis, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 17. Wood of Artocarpus chaplasha, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 18. Wood of Artocarpus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 19. Wood of Ulmus wallichiana, N. India, Paris Exhibition 1900 20. Wood of Diospyros kurzii , India, Paris Exhibition 1900 21. Wood of Hardwickia binata, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 22. Flowers of Heterotheca inuloides, Mexico, Paris Exhibition 1900 23. Leaves of Datura Stramonium, Paris Exhibition 1900 24. Plant of Mentha viridis, Paris Exhibition 1900 25. Plant of Monsonia ovata, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Botanical Aspects of Madhuca Indica
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2021; 10(2): 1280-1286 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 www.phytojournal.com Phytochemistry, pharmacology and botanical JPP 2021; 10(2): 1280-1286 Received: 08-01-2021 aspects of Madhuca indica: A review Accepted: 13-02-2021 Neha A Badukale Neha A Badukale, Wrushali A Panchale, Jagdish V Manwar, Bhushan R IBSS’s Dr. Rajendra Gode Gudalwar and Ravindra L Bakal College of Pharmacy, Amravati, Maharashtra, India DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2021.v10.i2q.13987 Wrushali A Panchale IBSS’s Dr. Rajendra Gode Abstract Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal plants have been used for prophylaxis, mitigation and treatment of various diseases and Amravati, Maharashtra, India disorders. Madhuca indica, a plant commonly also known as Mahua, is found throughout in India. The tree is highly nutritious tree as well as used as a herbal medicine for treatment of various diseases. Jagdish V Manwar Various parts of plant are used by tribal people and as a folk medicine for the treatment of number of IBSS’s Dr. Rajendra Gode ailments. Plants shows the numbers of pharmacological and neutraceutical values. Flowers of the tree are College of Pharmacy, Amravati, used for induction of alcohol generation during preparation of ayurvedic formulations such as asavas and Maharashtra, India arishtas. Plant shows numerous pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antiulcer, Bhushan R Gudalwar hepatoprotective, antipyretic, etc. It is hidden from the eyes of researchers and other botanist. This will IBSS’s Dr. Rajendra Gode help in confirmation of traditional use along with value-added utility of mahua, eventually leading to College of Pharmacy, Amravati, higher revenues from the plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Mahua an Important Indian Species: a Review
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018; 7(2): 3414-3418 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2018; 7(2): 3414-3418 Mahua an important Indian species: A review Received: 17-01-2018 Accepted: 18-02-2018 Vinita Bisht, Neeraj, Vishnu Kanwar Solanki and Nidhi Dalal Vinita Bisht Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Abstract Rajasthan, India Madhuca latifolia or Madhuca indica commonly called as Mahua is such a kind of tree involved in day Neeraj to day activity of tribal people. It belongs to the family Sapotaceae, an important economic tree growing Mewar University, Chittorgarh, throughout India. The Mahua tree is medium sized to large deciduous tree, usually with a short bole and a Rajasthan, India large rounded crown. Mahua flower are used as a food as well as used as an exchanger in tribal and rural areas. It is also used by wild animals as food. Mahua seeds are rich in edible oil so they have economic Vishnu Kanwar Solanki importance. Mahua fruits are used as vegetable. Madhuca longifolia is also considered as medicinal tree Mewar University, Chittorgarh, and is useful for external application in treating skin diseases, rheumatism, headache, chronic Rajasthan, India constipation, piles, haemorrhoids and ethno medical properties like antibacterial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antihyperglycemic, analgesic activities etc. Mahua flower is not only used in Nidhi Dalal preparation of liquor but can also utilized as a food ingredient for preparation of biscuit, cake, laddu, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, candy, bar, jam jelly, sauces etc. Mahua oil is used for manufacturer of laundry soaps and detergent, and Rajasthan, India also used as cooking oil in various tribal region of India.
    [Show full text]
  • 23 Medicinal and Commercial Potential of Madhuca Indica: a Review
    International Journal of Medical and Health Research International Journal of Medical and Health Research ISSN: 2454-9142, Impact Factor: RJIF 5.54 www.medicalsciencejournal.com Volume 2; Issue 12; December 2016; Page No. 23-26 Medicinal and commercial potential of madhuca indica: A review 1 Jagram Meena, 2 Dhanraj Meena 1 Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Rajdhani College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Abstract Madhuca indica and Madhuca longifolia are the two species of Genus Madhuca, belongs from Sapotacase family, which are found in the central and north Indian forests and plains of India. Both the species, which are present in India, are known as ‘Mahua’ and it is widely pronounced local name also. ‘Sweet butter tree’ is also well known name of these trees. These are considered as wild, cultivated tree and medicinal herb. M. longifolia is an ever green or semi ever green tree while B. latifolia is a deciduous tree, growing under dry tropical and sub-tropical climatic conditions. Generally these trees are 15-20 meter tall with a spreading, dense, round, shady canopy. After maturation (8 to 10 year old) these trees start bearing flowers and fruits, and give up to 60 years. Both the species can’t be differentiated on the basis of their purpose, medicinal uses and commercial values. The whole tree is useful as food, fodder and fuel so that, it is categorized in multipurpose forest trees. The seed contains oil and protein in a great amount and the oil content in latifolia is 46% and in longifolia is 52% and protein is 16 mg/g.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemistry, Ethnomedical Uses and Future Prospects of Mahua
    ition & F tr oo u d N f S o c Sinha et al., J Nutr Food Sci 2017, 7:1 l i e a n n r c DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000573 e u s o J Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences ISSN: 2155-9600 Review Article Open Access Phytochemistry, Ethnomedical Uses and Future Prospects of Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) as a Food: A Review Jyoti Sinha1, Vinti Singh1*, Jyotsana Singh1 and Rai AK2 1Centre of Food Technology, IPS, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India 2Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India Abstract Mahua is a common name used for Madhuca longifolia, it belongs to the family Sapotaceae. It is an important economic tree growing throughout India. Mahua is a highly nutritious tree and can also use as an herbal medicine for treatment of various disease. Present paper review the earlier work performed on mahua flower, fruit and seed and highlight the use of mahua flower in value addition. Phytochemistry study of mahua shows that it is rich in sugar, vitamin, protein, alkaloids, phenolic compounds etc. A lot of therapeutic research was carried out on mahua which shows its ethnomedical properties like antibacterial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antihyperglycemic, analgesic activities etc. Mahua flower is not only used in preparation of liquor but can also utilized as a food ingredient for preparation of biscuit, cake, laddu, candy, bar, jam jelly, sauces etc. This review paper focusing on employment and income generation through commercial use of mahua flower, fruit and seed in medicine and food industry. Keywords: Madhuca longifolia; Ethnomedical; Phytochemistry; Family: Sapotaceae Hepatoprotective; Analgesic Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae Introduction Tribes: Caesalpinieae Some of the food plants are believed to be an important source of Genus: Madhuca nutrition as well as chemical substances having potential of therapeutic effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Conservation Planning in Thailand
    SYSTEMATIC CONSERVATION PLANNING IN THAILAND DARAPORN CHAIRAT Thesis submitted in total fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy BOURNEMOUTH UNIVERSITY 2015 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that, anyone who consults it, is understood to recognize that its copyright rests with its author. Due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. i ii Systematic Conservation Planning in Thailand Daraporn Chairat Abstract Thailand supports a variety of tropical ecosystems and biodiversity. The country has approximately 12,050 species of plants, which account for 8% of estimated plant species found globally. However, the forest cover of Thailand is under threats: habitat degradation, illegal logging, shifting cultivation and human settlement are the main causes of the reduction in forest area. As a result, rates of biodiversity loss have been high for some decades. The most effective tool to conserve biodiversity is the designation of protected areas (PA). The effective and most scientifically robust approach for designing networks of reserve systems is systematic conservation planning, which is designed to identify conservation priorities on the basis of analysing spatial patterns in species distributions and associated threats. The designation of PAs of Thailand were initially based on expert consultations selecting the areas that are suitable for conserving forest resources, not systematically selected. Consequently, the PA management was based on individual management plans for each PA. The previous work has also identified that no previous attempt has been made to apply the principles and methods of systematic conservation planning. Additionally, tree species have been neglected in previous analyses of the coverage of PAs in Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Profile Of
    Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2018; 4(5): 570-581 570 Review Article Medicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological profile of Madhuca longifolia Pragati Khare1* , Kamal Kishore 2 , Dinesh Kumar Sharma 3 1Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Rajasthan, India 2Department of Pharmacy, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P., India 3Department of Pharmacy, Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Rudrapur, U.K., India Received: 10 July 2018 Revised: 2 August 2018 Accepted: 15 August 2018 Abstract Madhuca longifolia is also called Mahua or butternut tree, belonging to sapotaceae family. It is about 17m in height. Madhuca longifolia is an evergreen tree. It is mostly found in India, Sri Lanka and Nepal. It is gifted with many chemical ingredients which are responsible for various medicinal properties. It consists of terpenoids, proteins, starch, anthraquinone glycosides, phenolic compounds, mucilage, cardiac glycosides, tannins and saponins. Leaves are also contained quercetin, β -carotene, erthrodiol, palmitic acid, myricetin, 3-O-arabionoside, 3-O-L-rhamnoside, quercitin, 3-galactoside, xanthophylls. The timber is used in construction of houses, cartwheels, doors. It is a good source for nitrogen fixation. Various parts of the tree are used as fodder for cattles, as fertilizer as intercrop. Leaves of mahua are used in the treatment of eczema, wound healing, antiburns, bone fracture, anthelminthic, emollient, skin disease, rheumatism and headache. The flowers are utilized as tonic, analgesic and diuretic; bark for rheumatism, chronic bronchitis and diabetes mellitus and leaves as expectorant and for chronic bronchitis and Cushing's disease. In this review we make a compilation focused on the synonyms, botanical description, phytochemicals, pharmacological activity and medicinal uses of Mahua.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA)
    ,. / UXVT/O.J _/ t //^ <P*)- ouj Plant Resources ofSouth-Eas t Asia No 14 Vegetable oils and fats H.A.M. van der Vossen and B.E. Umali (Editors) H Backhuys Publishers, Leiden 2001 \h^ i ^35^50 DR H.A.M, VAN DER VOSSEN graduated from Wageningen University in 1964 with an Ir (MSc) degree in tropical agronomy and plant breeding. He was re­ search officer-in-charge of the Oil Palm Research Centre at Kade, Ghana from 1964 to 1971 and head of the Coffee Breeding Unit at the Coffee Research Sta­ tion near Ruiru, Kenya, from 1971 to 1981. He obtained his PhD degree from Wageningen Agricultural University in 1974 with a thesis on breeding and quantitative genetics in the oil palm. In 1981 he joined Sluis & Groot Seed Company at Enkhuizen (Netherlands) as research manager and subsequently became director of the breeding programmes for vegetable and flower seed crops. After early retirement in 1993 he went overseas once more as seed in­ dustry adviser to the Ministry ofAgricultur e in Dhaka, Bangladesh until 1996. Since that time he has been active as a freelance consultant in plant breeding, and has undertaken assignments concerning vegetable seeds, cereal crops, co­ coa, oil palm and coffee. He has published over 40 scientific papers and written a chapter on breeding in two handbooks on coffee, contributed as co-author and associate editor of PROSEA No 8 Vegetables and as co-author and co-editor of PROSEA No 16 Stimulants. DR B.E. UMALI graduated from the University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB) in 1975 with a BSc degree in agriculture (major in horticulture).
    [Show full text]
  • Estimating the Availability of Potential Hornbill Nest Trees in a Secondary Forest Patch in Kinabatangan, Sabah
    FORKTAIL 36 (2020): 56–62 Estimating the availability of potential hornbill nest trees in a secondary forest patch in Kinabatangan, Sabah RAVINDER KAUR, ROSLI RAMLI, MARC ANCRENAZ, HELSON HASSAN, EDDIE AHMAD, MAHATHIR RATAG, BERJAYA ELAHAN, HASBOLLAH SINYOR & ABDUL RAJAK Eight species of hornbill occur in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah. Hornbills are secondary cavity-nesting birds and one of the limiting factors to sustain their numbers is the availability of naturally-formed tree cavities. Past timber extraction has left behind highly degraded forest patches without large emergent trees that usually provide suitable cavities for nesting hornbill pairs. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess how widespread this key resource is and to estimate the proportion of a forest patch currently occupied by potential nest trees, i.e. trees with cavities. In a 10 km2 study site, eight trained observers systematically visited 30 250 m x 250 m plots and recorded tree cavities that appeared suitable for hornbills based on a pre-established list of criteria. Nineteen trees with cavities were located, measured and identified. We anticipated that cavities could go undetected by the observers; we therefore used a zero-inflated process occupancy model to address this measurement error and to analyse data obtained along transects. The observers detected trees with cavities in 10 out of 30 plots, translating into an observed proportion of roughly 33%. However, our model indicated that trees with cavities might actually occupy 25 out of 30 plots, i.e. 82% of the forest patch area. Our modelling approach incorporates imperfect detection through hierarchical modelling and constitutes a quick and cost-effective assessment tool that can be used to investigate the spatial presence of potential nest trees, an important resource for hornbills.
    [Show full text]