The Spanish Tercios and Queralt's Tercio (1587)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

The Spanish Tercios and Queralt's Tercio (1587)

The troublesome wars fought in the distant Italy during the early sixteenth century made it clear the spanish to the kings of the Habsburg dynasty that the military had to be professional instead of temporary and hastily mustered. Thus, the Tercios came into being; and with them, ultimately, the Spanish tercios and Army, which is deemed the first permanent army in Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire. queralt’s tercio By joining up voluntarily, those soldiers- coming from Castile, Navarre, Aragon, Sardinia or Portugal- were seeking social promotion, honor and fortune; and to attain them they had to show (1587) bravery and gain experience. Their contracts had a private character, a personal commitment which bound them directly to the figure of their king. Always under arms, with a high discipline standard, renowned and expert in an ever more exacting art, the Tercios were crucial for the Hispanic Monarchy. Such army model was not only instrumental in maintaining the integrity of a vast empire composed of scattered territories obtained by conquest or inheritance, but also a factor in the consolidation of the modern European state. It was in the course of the preparations for the invasion of England that Philip II marshaled the highest number of Catalan companies to fight in Flanders, placing them under the command of Luis de Requesens. Ten of those companies coming from Catalonia arrived in Flanders on December 7, 1587, after a two months’ march along the Spanish Road. Their commander was Luis de Queralt. Queralt’s Tercio was called by the locals of the Low Countries- unfamiliar with the speech of the newcomers- the Tercio of Spain’s Walloons; whereas the Castilian-speaker Spaniards came to label it as the Parrot Tercio because of their strong Catalan accent..

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Princes and Merchants: European City Growth Before the Industrial Revolution*
Princes and Merchants: European City Growth before the Industrial Revolution* J. Bradford De Long NBER and Harvard University Andrei Shleifer Harvard University and NBER March 1992; revised December 1992 Abstract As measured by the pace of city growth in western Europe from 1000 to 1800, absolutist monarchs stunted the growth of commerce and industry. A region ruled by an absolutist prince saw its total urban population shrink by one hundred thousand people per century relative to a region without absolutist government. This might be explained by higher rates of taxation under revenue-maximizing absolutist governments than under non- absolutist governments, which care more about general economic prosperity and less about State revenue. *We thank Alberto Alesina, Marco Becht, Claudia Goldin, Carol Heim, Larry Katz, Paul Krugman, Michael Kremer, Robert Putnam, and Robert Waldmann for helpful discussions. We also wish to thank the National Bureau of Economic Research, and the National Science Foundation for support. 1. Introduction One of the oldest themes in economics is the incompatibility of despotism and development. Economies in which security of property is lacking—either because of the possibility of arrest, ruin, or execution at the command of the ruling prince, or the possibility of ruinous taxation— should, according to economists, see relative stagnation. By contrast, economies in which property is secure—either because of strong constitutional restrictions on the prince, or because the ruling élite is made up of merchants rather
[Show full text]
The Fiscal Logic of the Spanish Empire
1 Paper presented the March 28, 2003, Conference at Princeton University tituled “Imperial Crucibles”, organized by professors Jeremy Adelman and Stanley Stein. A Later version of this paper was published as "The Fiscal Logic of the Spanish Empire: New Spain and the Costs and Benefits of Colonialism, 1750-1810", en Renate Pieper & Peer Schmidt (eds.), Latin America and the Atlantic World. El mundo atlántico y América Latina (1500-1850). Essays in honor of Horst Pietschmann, Berlin, Böhlau verlag Köln Weimar Wien, 2005, pp. 367-385. THE FISCAL LOGIC OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE: NEW SPAIN AND THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF COLONIALISM, 1750-1810 Carlos Marichal (El Colegio de México) From before the time of Gibbon, historians with a global perspective have been discussing the rise and fall of empires. Today political scientists frequently speak of hegemonic states. If we look to some of the best-known studies conducted over the last forty-odd years, we can identify various, theoretical approaches adopted by those working on imperial or hegemonic states. On the one hand, there is a well-known school of researchers who are identified as belonging to the world-system school, which operates at a high level of generality to explain major changes in the international power structures by situating them 2 within the cyclical rhythms and secular trends of the world economy as a whole. 1 A second school which can be denominated as geopolitical, has paid more attention to analysis of the military, naval or coercive capabilities of hegemonic states to maintain their power and their mercantile or territorial empires.2 A third approach adopted by historical sociologists, like Charles Tilly, has offered explanations based on the changing capacities of states to exercise power through manipulation of capital and coercion.
[Show full text]
The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700-1706
Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 41 Number 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 41, Article 7 Issue 1 1962 The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700-1706 Charles W. Arnade Part of the American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Article is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Arnade, Charles W. (1962) "The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700-1706," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 41 : No. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol41/iss1/7 Arnade: The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700-1706 THE ENGLISH INVASION OF SPANISH FLORIDA, 1700-1706 by CHARLES W. ARNADE HOUGH FLORIDA had been discovered by Ponce de Leon in T 1513, not until 1565 did it become a Spanish province in fact. In that year Pedro Menendez de Aviles was able to establish a permanent capital which he called St. Augustine. Menendez and successive executives had plans to make St. Augustine a thriving metropolis ruling over a vast Spanish colony that might possibly be elevated to a viceroyalty. Nothing of this sort happened. By 1599 Florida was in desperate straits: Indians had rebelled and butchered the Franciscan missionaries, fire and flood had made life in St. Augustine miserable, English pirates of such fame as Drake had ransacked the town, local jealousies made life unpleasant.
[Show full text]
N El Último Tercio Del Siglo XVIII, España Se Embarcó En Una Serie
RELACIONES 110, PRIMAVERA 2007, VOL. XXVIII EL REY REVILLAGIGEDO Y LA DEFENSA DEL PUERTO DE VERACRUZ, 1789-1794 Martín González de la Vara* EL COLEGIO DE MICHOACÁN El puerto de Veracruz siempre fue en un punto nodal del sistema de- fensivo novohispano, pero su importancia estratégico-militar se acen- tuó en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII debido el involucramiento del Imperio Español en constantes conflictos internacionales y a la crea- ción de un ejército profesional en sus colonias americanas. Durante el régimen virreinal del conde de Revillagigedo (1789-1794) se vivió en Nueva España un estado de casi-guerra durante el cual se puede cons- tatar cómo la institución militar iba adquiriendo mayor poder políti- co. Veracruz se convirtió en un pequeño escenario donde lo militar adquiría cada vez más relevancia. Pese a que el puerto no fue atacado entonces, confluyeron en él un creciente presupuesto militar, una or- ganización bélica cada vez más compleja y una gran cantidad de cuer- pos de ejército que nos permiten vislumbrar la militarización de la po- lítica local y de algunas áreas de la vida cotidiana de Veracruz. (Veracruz, vida cotidiana, Revillagidedo, Juan Vicente de Güemez Pa- checo conde de, Nueva España, institución militar, militarización) n el último tercio del siglo XVIII, España se embarcó en una serie constante de conflictos bélicos internaciona- E les en los que comprometía seriamente la seguridad y tranquilidad de sus colonias americanas. En la Nueva España, el gasto militar creció de manera desmesurada hasta convertirse en el primer renglón de egresos de su Real Hacienda. Este sacrificio fiscal, pagado por los novohispanos, resultó ser parcial- mente inútil en el sentido de que el virreinato nunca fue atacado directa- mente por alguna nación enemiga, aunque las costosas diligencias para su defensa se creían entonces indispensables.
[Show full text]
Anglo-Habsburg Relations and the Outbreak of the War of Three Kingdoms, 1630-1641
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Charles I and the Spanish Plot: Anglo-Habsburg Relations and the Outbreak of the War of Three Kingdoms, 1630-1641 A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by Patrick Ignacio O’Neill March 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Thomas Cogswell, Chairperson Dr. Randolph Head Dr. Georg Michels Copyright by Patrick Ignacio O’Neill 2014 The Dissertation of Patrick Ignacio O’Neill is approved: __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Bertolt Brecht posed the question, “Young Alexander conquered India./ He alone?” Like any great human endeavor, this dissertation is not the product of one person’s solitary labors, but owes much to the efforts of a great number of individuals and organizations who have continually made straight my paths through graduate school, through archival research, and through the drafting process. First and foremost, I would like to thank my dissertation chair, Dr. Thomas Cogswell, for his excellent guidance throughout my years at the University of California, Riverside. When I arrived as a first-year graduate student, I had very little certainty of what I wanted to do in the field of Early Modern Britain, and I felt more than a bit overwhelmed at the well-trod historiographical world I had just entered. Dr. Cogswell quickly took me under his wing and steered me gently through a research path that helped me find my current project, and he subsequently took a great interest in following my progress through research and writing. I salute his heroic readings and re-readings of drafts of chapters, conference papers, and proposals, and his perennial willingness to have a good chat over a cup of coffee and to help dispel the many frustrations that come from dissertation writing.
[Show full text]
MCMANUS-DISSERTATION-2016.Pdf (4.095Mb)
The Global Lettered City: Humanism and Empire in Colonial Latin America and the Early Modern World The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation McManus, Stuart Michael. 2016. The Global Lettered City: Humanism and Empire in Colonial Latin America and the Early Modern World. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493519 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Global Lettered City: Humanism and Empire in Colonial Latin America and the Early Modern World A dissertation presented by Stuart Michael McManus to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts April 2016 © 2016 – Stuart Michael McManus All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisors: James Hankins, Tamar Herzog Stuart Michael McManus The Global Lettered City: Humanism and Empire in Colonial Latin America and the Early Modern World Abstract Historians have long recognized the symbiotic relationship between learned culture, urban life and Iberian expansion in the creation of “Latin” America out of the ruins of pre-Columbian polities, a process described most famously by Ángel Rama in his account of the “lettered city” (ciudad letrada). This dissertation argues that this was part of a larger global process in Latin America, Iberian Asia, Spanish North Africa, British North America and Europe.
[Show full text]
Imperial Armies of the Thirty Years War: Cavalry V
IMPERIAL ARMIES OF THE THIRTY YEARS WAR: CAVALRY V. 2 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Vladimir Brnardic | 48 pages | 23 Nov 2010 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781846039973 | English | New York, United Kingdom Imperial Armies of the Thirty Years War: Cavalry v. 2 PDF Book Erroneous intelligence two words that are closely associated in military history led Christian to believe that Wallenstein had committed his entire army to the pursuit of Mansfeld when he had actually sent a considerable corps to reinforce Tilly in Lower Saxony: Assuming that he was opposed by weak forces under Tilly, Christian marched south from Wolfenbiittel in August along the valleys of the Innerste and the Neile between the Hainberg and the Oderwald. The Swedish artillery was much lighter. Baroque horse Basket-hilted sword. After regrouping, in June Mansfeld advanced again, the Imperial forces having been weakened by the need to send troops to quell a peasant revolt in Upper Austria. Paperback Books Vladimir Nabokov. Hospitals, schools, and churches were strictly off-limits as targets. I've got the same question. Lacking both support from his coalition partners and reliable knowledge of the political situation, in January Christian advanced across the Elbe with 17, men, a mixture of mercenaries and peasant conscripts, heading for Hameln on the Weser. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Because English and Dutch naval power blocked the sea route from Iberia to the Netherlands, Spain relied upon the Spanish Road to supply and reinforce her armies in the Low Countries. Alternatively, when within pistol-shot, the first three ranks of musketeers gave a volley, followed by the remainder, before the battalion charged home with pike, sword and musket stock.
[Show full text]
Ever Faithful
Ever Faithful Ever Faithful Race, Loyalty, and the Ends of Empire in Spanish Cuba David Sartorius Duke University Press • Durham and London • 2013 © 2013 Duke University Press. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper ∞ Tyeset in Minion Pro by Westchester Publishing Services. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Sartorius, David A. Ever faithful : race, loyalty, and the ends of empire in Spanish Cuba / David Sartorius. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 8223- 5579- 3 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978- 0- 8223- 5593- 9 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Blacks— Race identity— Cuba—History—19th century. 2. Cuba— Race relations— History—19th century. 3. Spain— Colonies—America— Administration—History—19th century. I. Title. F1789.N3S27 2013 305.80097291—dc23 2013025534 contents Preface • vii A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s • xv Introduction A Faithful Account of Colonial Racial Politics • 1 one Belonging to an Empire • 21 Race and Rights two Suspicious Affi nities • 52 Loyal Subjectivity and the Paternalist Public three Th e Will to Freedom • 94 Spanish Allegiances in the Ten Years’ War four Publicizing Loyalty • 128 Race and the Post- Zanjón Public Sphere five “Long Live Spain! Death to Autonomy!” • 158 Liberalism and Slave Emancipation six Th e Price of Integrity • 187 Limited Loyalties in Revolution Conclusion Subject Citizens and the Tragedy of Loyalty • 217 Notes • 227 Bibliography • 271 Index • 305 preface To visit the Palace of the Captain General on Havana’s Plaza de Armas today is to witness the most prominent stone- and mortar monument to the endur- ing history of Spanish colonial rule in Cuba.
[Show full text]
Battleground Perceptions in the Portuguese Early Modern Atlantic
WIH0010.1177/0968344517725540War in HistoryDantas da Cruz 725540research-article2018 Original Article War in History 1 –26 From Flanders to Pernambuco: © The Author(s) 2018 Reprints and permissions: Battleground Perceptions in sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344517725540DOI: 10.1177/0968344517725540 the Portuguese Early Modern journals.sagepub.com/home/wih Atlantic World Miguel Dantas da Cruz Instituto de Ciências Sociais – Lisbon University, Portugal Abstract This article addresses the way the Portuguese experience in the seventeenth-century battlefields of Flanders, during the Iberian Union (1580–1640), reshaped Portuguese military thought and culture. It argues that their traditional martial perceptions – almost exclusively based in imperial experiences, especially against the Muslims in North Africa and in India – were transformed by the direct exposure to Spanish military endeavours in Europe. It also argues that the experience in Flanders resurfaced in the South Atlantic, in all its religious and political dimensions, transforming the prestige of Brazil as a battlefield. Finally, the article revisits the way the Flanders experience poisoned Spanish–Portuguese relations. Keywords Portuguese Atlantic, Iberian Union, War of Flanders, martial imaginary, battleground perceptions Introduction King Sebastian, in his attempt to go to North Africa, to attack the Moors himself, beyond being moved by the zeal of exalting the Catholic Faith, and spreading the Christian religion, had the example of all of his ancestors, who were always the Generals of their own Arms, and the first ones to attack. King John I went in person to take Ceuta with his four sons in a massive fleet. Afonso V went himself three times…to carry on with the war on the Berber Coast, where he achieved many victories… Manuel I was also determined to go there, carrying on with this Corresponding author: Miguel Dantas da Cruz, Instituto de Ciências Sociais – Lisbon University, Av.
[Show full text]
A Constellation of Courts
A Constellation of Courts The Courts and Households of Habsburg Europe, 1555-1665 Edited by: René Vermeir, Dries Raeymaekers and José Eloy Hortal Muñoz With contributions from: Alejandro López Álvarez (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Carlos Javier Carlos Morales (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Olivier Chaline (Université Paris IV – Sorbonne), Alicia Esteban Estríngana (Universidad de Alcalá), José Eloy Hortal Muñoz (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos), Birgit Houben (University of Antwerp), Katrin Keller (Universität Wien), José Martínez Millán (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Manuel Rivero (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Astrid von Schlachta (Universität Regensburg), Werner Thomas (KU Leuven) © 2014 by Leuven University Press / Presses Universitaires de Louvain / Universitaire Pers Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven (Belgium) ISBN 978 90 5867 990 1 D / 2014 / 1869 / 47 Distributed by Leuven University Press http://upers.kuleuven.be/nl/book/9789058679901 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Reprint from ‘A Constellation of Courts’ - ISBN 978 90 5867 990 1 - © Leuven University Press, 2014 Reprint from ‘A Constellation of Courts’ - ISBN 978 90 5867 990 1 - © Leuven University Press, 2014 A Constellation of Courts The Courts and Households of Habsburg Europe, 1555-1665 Reprint from ‘A Constellation of Courts’ - ISBN 978 90 5867 990 1 - © Leuven University Press, 2014 A_Constallation_of_courts.indd 1 22/09/14 15:52
[Show full text]
Cuaderno De Historia Militar 4
Cuaderno de Historia Militar 4 Cuaderno de Historia Comisión Española Militar 4 de Historia XL Congreso Internacional de Militar Historia Militar (Varna, 2014) La Primera Guerra Mundial 1914-1918 SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA SUBDIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE PUBLICACIONES Y PATRIMONIO CULTURAL MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA Cuaderno de Historia Comisión Española Militar 4 de Historia XL Congreso Internacional de Militar Historia Militar (Varna, 2014) La Primera Guerra Mundial 1914-1918 MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA CATÁLOGO GENERAL DE PUBLICACIONES OFICIALES http://publicacionesoficiales.boe.es/ Edita: SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA http://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/ © Autores y editor, 2015 NIPO: 083-15-184-X (impresión bajo demanda) NIPO: 083-15-185-5 (edición libro-e) Fecha de edición: julio 2015 ISBN: 978-84-9091-084-9 (edición libro-e) Las opiniones emitidas en esta publicación son exclusiva responsabilidad del autor de la misma. Los derechos de explotación de esta obra están amparados por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual. Ninguna de las partes de la misma puede ser reproducida, almacenada ni transmitida en ninguna forma ni por medio alguno, electrónico, mecánico o de grabación, incluido fotocopias, o por cualquier otra forma, sin permiso previo, expreso y por escrito de los titulares del © Copyright. ÍNDICE Página Presentación .............................................................................................................. 7 XL Congreso Internacional de Historia Militar (Varna, Bulgaria 2014) Ponencia 1 Buscando la batalla perfecta: Schlieffen y el
[Show full text]
A Few Clerics at Court
Rafferty 1 A Few Clerics at Court Catholic Clergymen in the lay politics and administration of Spain during the reigns of “Los Austrias Mayores”, Charles V/I and Philip II: 1516-1598 Keith Rafferty History Undergraduate Honors Thesis Georgetown University Advisor: Professor Tommaso Astarita, Georgetown University May 9. 2011 Rafferty 2 I authorize the public release of my thesis for anybody who should want to look at it. Rafferty 3 Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Thesis Statement.................................................................................................................................. 8 Organization and Explanation .................................................................................................................. 9 Explanation of Terms .......................................................................................................................... 9 CODOIN ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Spain/The Spanish Empire ......................................................................................................... 11 The Spanish Aristocracy ...........................................................................................................
[Show full text]