DOCSLIB.ORG

Euphorbiaceae) Em Relação Às Suas Afinidades

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Euphorbiaceae) Em Relação Às Suas Afinidades Boi. Mus. Par. Emílio Goeldi. sér. Bot .. 3 (2).1987. (~ ___ oHepaticae amazoniae ab Ernesto Ule collectae. Hedwigia, 44: 223- 9,1905. ___ o Species Hepaticarum, 5: 481-705,1914. SYED, H. A taxonomic study of Bryum capillare Hedw. and related species. J. Bryol. 7 (3): 265-326, figo1-30, 1973. YANO, O. Checklist of Brazilian Mosses. J. Hattori Bot. Lab., 50: 279-456, 1981. ASPECTOS SISTEMÁTICOS E EVOLUTIVOS DO GÊNERO SANDWITHIA LANJ. YANO, O. Distribuição geográfica de Leucobryaceae (Bryopsida) na Amazô- nia. Acta Amazon, 12(2): 307 -21, 1982. (EUPHORBIACEAE) EM RELAÇÃO ÀS SUAS AFINIDADES. __ oChecklist of Brazilian Liverworts and Hornworts. J. Hattori Bot. Lab., 56: 481-548, 1984. Ricardo de S. Secco * RESUMO- O gênero Sandwithia Lanj. tem aqui a descrição de sua única espé- cie. S. guianensis. complementada inclusive com fartas ilustrações. minimi- zando assim as lacunas da diagnose original. fato este que vinha motivando sua identificação como Sagotia racemosa Baill. São discutidas sua posição sistemá- tica e sua suposta afinidade com os gêneros Anomalocalyx e Sagotia. Além disso são apresentados aspectos evolutivos do gênero. com base nos caracteres de morfologia floral. sementes e grãos de pólen. Em termos de ocorrência geográ- fica. o gênero é assinalado pela primeira vez para o Brasil. ABSTRACT - The monotypic genus Sandwithia Lanj. isfully illustrated in order to complete the original description and to clarify the differences between it and Sagotia racemosa Baill. The systematic position of Sandwithia and its putative affinities with Anomalocalyx. and Sagotia are discussed. In addition. evolutio- nary aspects of the genus. based on flordl and seed morphology and pollen are examined. In a comparison of Sandwithia with Anomalocalyx and Sagotia. its petaliferous female flowers. polystemonous androecium. and pollen with smooth papillae are indicators of primitiveness whereas its valvate floral aesti- vation. gamosepaly. and long style are more advanced. This is the first report of Sandwithia for Brazil. INTRODUÇÃO 5andwithia Lanj. é um gênero monotípico, cuja distribuição geográfica abrange a Guiana, Venezuela e o Brasil, mais precisamente no Estado do • Departamento de Botânica. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/CNPq/MCT. 156 157 BoI. Mus. Par. Emílio Goe1di. sêr. Bot.. 3 (2). 1981. Aspectos sistemáticos e evolutivos do gêne10 Sandwíth+a Arnazonas.eTerrítório do Amapá. Seu habitat preferencial são as matas de autor e que são parte inteqrante de seus estudos sistemáticos da família terra firme.., ~ Ao estabelecer o gênero, Lanjouw (1932) fez uma descrição detalhada a Euphorbiaceae. nível genérico e específico, mas não forneceu ilustrações satisfatórias, o que MATERIAL E MÉTODOS tem tornado confuso o reconhecimento da planta no campo e no laboratório, fato comprovado pelas identificações de pesquisadores de renome que, na O material básico para essa pesquisa foram exsicatas herborizadas per- maioria dos casos, tratam a espécie-tipo como Sagotía racemosa Bail\. tencentes aos herbários do INPA, K, MG, NY, RB, U e UB. Lanjouw (1932) ao descrever Sandwíthía, sugeriu sua posição sistemá- Para o estudo do pólen foram utilizadas anteras de botões florais pró- tica provisória na tribo Clutieae sensu Pax, enfatizando a forte afinidade do ximos à ante se. submetidas à técnica de acetólise (Erdtman, 1952). provenien- gênero com Sagotía, apesar da existência de importantes diferenças entre os tes das seguintes amostras: Sandwíthía guíanensís: B. Maguíre et ot. 39343 dois taxa, principalmente quanto à prefloração, que em Sandwíthía é valvar e (NY). Field G 659 (NY). J.M. Pires 8021 (UB), L. Coelho s/n INPA 6538: em Sagotía, imbricada. Ainda segundo Lanjouw (1.c.), levando-se em consi- Anomalocalyx uleanus: Chagas s/n MG 21874: Sagotía racemosa: M.G. Silva deração o cálice masculino com prefloração valvar, Sandwíthía poderia ser 2589 (MG).J.M. Pires et aI. 10483: (MG) Sagotia brachysepala (Muell Arg.) R colocado na tribo Chrozophoreae, próximo ao gênero Grossera. Secco: A Ducke s/n MG 8724: M.G. Silva 3284 (MG). Bentham (1878) já havia assinalado para as Euphorbiaceae que a Além disso, os grãos de pólen foram submetidos à técnica de desidrata- importância do cálice masculino valvar não deveria ser superestimada em de- ção por acetona. conforme o método utilizado por Secco & Barth (1984) e trimento de um conjunto de outros caracteres, com o que concordou Lanjouw fotografados em microscópio JEOL - 25 S II a 12.5 KV. (1932). Além disso há indícios de que leve imbricação pode ocorrer, muito No estudo das sementes, utilizaram-se amostras dos seguintes raramente, em Sandwíthía. espécimes: Punt (1962) ao estudar os grãos de pólen das' Euphorbiaceae incluiu Sandwíthia guianensis: G. T. Prance et ai 22704 (NY) e Maguire & Sandwíthía guíanensís no tipo - Croton, ao lado de Sagotía racemosa. Cowan 39343 (NY). O estudo mais recente sobre Sandwíthía é o de Jablonski (1967), de Anomalocalyx uleanus: Chagas& Coelho s/n INPA3502; Sagotía race- maneira bastante elementar, não ilustrado, envolvendo a distribuição geográ- mosa: N.A Rosa'& H Vilar 2718 (MG) e Silva 2680/2701 (MG). fica de Sandwíthía guíanensís Lanj., breves considerações sobre o cálice femi- Sagotia brachysepala: C.A Cid et ai. 75 (MG). G:T. Prance et aI. 20414 nino não acrescente do gênero e suas afinidades principalmente com (NY).As sementes foram fervidas em água e a seguir dissecadas e desenhadas Sagotía Bail\. em lupa com câmara clara. Hutchinson (1969), em seu estudo sobre as tribos na família Euphorbia- As coleções estudadas para os demais aspectos morfológicos dos gêne- ceae, não fez qualquer referência ao gênero Sandwíthía. ros Anomuloculyx e Sagotía estão citadas em Secco (1985), enquanto Webster (1975), em uma sinopse da nova classificação 'da família aquelas referentes ao gênero Sandwithia estão colocadas no tratamento sis- Euphorbiaceae, com ênfase nos aspectos da morfologia polínica tratados por temático do presente trabalho. Erdtman (1952), Punt (1962) e Kõhler (1965) estabeleceu mudança na posi- ção tribal de Sandwíthía colocando-o na tribo Aleuritideae Hurusawa, sub- CONSIDERAÇÕES FITOGEOGRÁFICAS tribo Grosserinae Webster, ao lado de Anomalocalyx, gênero este atribuído à tribo Clutieae sensu Pax por Ducke (1932) e mantido por Se eco (1985). Mais A Fig. 1 mostra a distribuição geográfica do gênero Sandwithía e recentemente, em comunicação por carta, Webster informou ter atribuído assinala a região onde Sandwithía. Sagotía e Anomalocalyx têm distribuição uma nova posição sistemática paraSandwíthía na tribo Codieae, subtribo Bla- geográfica em comum (parte do Estado do Amazonas). Comparando as Figs. 1 chiineae, junto ao gênero Sagotía. e 2, nota-se que as distribuíções de Sandwithia e Sagotia são bastante amplas Com esta pesquisa pretende-se fornecer subsídios morfológicos e evolu- em relação à de Anomalocalyx. que ocupa apenas uma faixa do Estado do tivos do gênero Sandwíthía, discutindo sua suposta afinidade com os gêneros Amazonas e Território do Amapá, muito embora Sagotía tenha sido bem mais Anomalocalyx Ducke e Sagotía Baill. coletado que Sandwithía. Acredita-se que um programa regular de coleta na Os aspectos de evolução iniciam uma série de considerações feitas pelo área possa levar ao encontro de novas ocorrências de Sandwíthía revelando, 158 159 Boi. Mus. Par. Emílio Goeldi. sêr. BoI .. 3 (2). t 987 .' Aspectos SISTemáTICOS E EVOJUTIVOS DO gênERO Sandwithia EVENTUALMENTE. NOVAS espécies PARA O gêneRo. Isso PORQUE Sandwithia nãO 10 ERA SEQUER CONHECIDO NO Brasil, ONDE NA VERDADE OCORRE ABUNDANTEMENTE NO EsTADO DO Amazonas. PRINCIPALMENTE NA RESERVA Ducke. A análise DA COLEção (Nilo T. Silva & Umbelino Brasão 60773) proce- DENTE DA SERRA DA Neblina (Fig. 1). MOSTROU A ocorrência DE INFLORESCêNCIA O ramíflora. situação "sui-genERIS" EM TERMOS DE Sandwithia. botões MASCULINOS DENso-piLOSOS E Vênulas FOLIARES BEM destacadas. Novas COLETAS DESSA MESMA árEA poderão REVELAR UMA NOVIDADE taxonômica. POSSIVELMENTE UMA VARIE- DADE RAMIFLORA. Uma VEZ QUE OS TIPOS genéricos DE Sandwithia E Sagotia FORAM coleta- 10 DOS EM regiões MUITO próximas (nas Guianas), TALVEZ UMA PESQUISA MAIS MINU- CIOSA NO CAMPO E NO laboratório, POSSA REVELAR subsídios IMPORTANTES PARA EXPLICAR O possíVEL PARENTESCO ENTRE TAIS gêneros. 1 RESULTADOS 10__ ~ I - Diferenças GERKRICAS Ao EXAMINAR MATERIAIS DOS gêneros Sandwithia. Sagotia E Anomalo- calyx VERIFICARAM-se AS SEGUINTES diferenças. CONFORME A Tabela 1 abaixo: O TABELA 1 - Diferenças verificadas entre OS gêneros SandwITHIA. Sagotia E AnOMALocalyx. SaNDWITHIA Sagotia AnomaLOCALYX 10 Prefloração DO cá- VALVAR IMBRICADA LEVEMENTE im- LICE DA FLOR MAS- (Fig.3AB) (Fig.5DG) BRICADA (Fig. CULINA 5A) N° DE lacínios DO 2 5-6 3-4 cálICE DA FLOR (Fig.3C) MASCULINA FIGURAS 1-2. DISTRIBUIção geográficA ATUAL DOS gêNEROS estudados: 1) Sandwithia: O círcuLO N° DE pétalAS NA ASSINALA A OCORRêNCIA EM COMUM DE Anomalocalyx: Sagotia E Sandwithia. 2) Anomalocalyx E FLOR MASCULINA 3-4 5-7 5 Sa!loTia: - (continuo) 160 161 Aspectos sistemáticos" evolutivos do gênero Sandwithia Bo/. Mlls. Par. Emí/in Goe/di. sér. Bot.. 3 (2). 1987. Icnntin\lnçãOl Sandwithia Sagotia Anomalocalyx Tamanho dos filetes filetes longos filetes sés- filetes curtos (Fig.3D) seis (Fig. 5EH) (Fig.5B) \,:\ E E ,., LO Pétalas na flor presentes, mi- ausentes presentes, de feminina (presen- núsculas de (Fig.5FI) 5,5-7,5 mm de E tes ou ausentes. e 0,5-1,0 mm de comp. E V\ ~iii~iiÚ~)iU0r C\J tamanho) comp. (Fig. 4C) Morfologia do cá- 3-laciniado ou 5-6 sépalas, li- irregularmen- lice da flor femi- tubuloso leve- vres, acrescente. te 3-5 lobado nina mente lobado no na preflora- ,. A ápice. ou livre ção, 2-3 la- " ..•.... (Fig.4ABD) cínios ante- se. Morfologia do fruto subgloboso globoso não visto (Fig.13) (sementes grandes de 1,8~2,5 em de E E comp.) LO E E Pecíolo com pulvino pulvino pulvino cana- LO rugoso. em discreto Iiculado , geral acentuado / 11- Tratamento Sistemático 3 y' '" Sandwithia Lanj .. BulI. Miscellan. Inform. (Kew BulI.) 4: 184-185. 1932. O gênero está representado por uma única espécie, Sandwithia guia- nensis Lanj ..e tanto a descrição genérica como a específica estão bem detalha- das no trabalho original de Lanjouw (1932).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Discovering Karima (Euphorbiaceae), a New Crotonoid Genus from West Tropical Africa Long Hidden Within Croton
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Discovering Karima (Euphorbiaceae), a New Crotonoid Genus from West Tropical Africa Long Hidden within Croton Martin Cheek1*, Gill Challen1, Aiah Lebbie2, Hannah Banks1, Patricia Barberá3, Ricarda Riina3* 1 Science Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, United Kingdom, 2 National Herbarium of Sierra Leone, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Njala University, PMB, Freetown, Sierra Leone, 3 Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico, RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo, Madrid, Spain * [email protected] (MC); [email protected] (RR) Abstract Croton scarciesii (Euphorbiaceae-Crotonoideae), a rheophytic shrub from West Africa, is OPEN ACCESS shown to have been misplaced in Croton for 120 years, having none of the diagnostic char- Citation: Cheek M, Challen G, Lebbie A, Banks H, acters of that genus, but rather a set of characters present in no known genus of the family. Barberá P, Riina R (2016) Discovering Karima Pollen analysis shows that the new genus Karima belongs to the inaperturate crotonoid (Euphorbiaceae), a New Crotonoid Genus from West Tropical Africa Long Hidden within Croton. PLoS group. Analysis of a concatenated molecular dataset combining trnL-F and rbcL sequences ONE 11(4): e0152110. doi:10.1371/journal. positioned Karima as sister to Neoholstia from south eastern tropical Africa in a well-sup- pone.0152110 ported clade comprised of genera of subtribes Grosserineae and Neoboutonieae of the ina- Editor: Nico Cellinese, University of Florida, UNITED perturate crotonoid genera. Several morphological characters support the relationship of STATES Karima with Neoholstia, yet separation is merited by numerous characters usually associ- Received: January 5, 2016 ated with generic rank in Euphorbiaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com10/09/2021 12:24:23AM Via Free Access 2 IAWA Journal, Vol
    IAWA Journal, Vol. 26 (1), 2005: 1-68 WOOD ANATOMY OF THE SUBFAMILY EUPHORBIOIDEAE A comparison with subfamilies Crotonoideae and Acalyphoideae and the implications for the circumscription of the Euphorbiaceae Alberta M. W. Mennega Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Utrecht University branch, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 es Utrecht, The Netherlands SUMMARY The wood anatomy was studied of 82 species from 34 out of 54 genera in the subfamily Euphorbioideae, covering all five tribes recognized in this subfamily. In general the woods show a great deal of similarity. They are charac­ terized by a relative paucity of vessels, often arranged in short to long, dumbbell-shaped or twin, radial multiples, and by medium-sized to large intervessel pits; fibres often have gelatinous walls; parenchyma apotracheal in short, wavy, narrow bands and diffuse-in-aggregates; mostly uni- or only locally biseriate rays, strongly heterocellular (except Hippomane, Hura and Pachystroma). Cell contents, either silica or crystals, or both together, are nearly always present and often useful in distinguishing between genera. Radiallaticifers were noticed in most genera, though they are scarce and difficult to trace. The laticifers are generally not surrounded by special cells, except in some genera of the subtribe Euphorbiinae where radiallaticifers are comparatively frequent and conspicuous. Three ofthe five tribes show a great deal of conformity in their anatomy. Stomatocalyceae, however, stand apart from the rest by the combination of the scarcity of vessels, and mostly biseriate, vertically fused and very tall rays. Within Euphorbieae the subtribe Euphorbiinae shows a greater vari­ ation than average, notably in vessel pitting, the frequent presence of two­ celled parenchyma strands, and in size and frequency of the laticifers.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Morphology of the Euphorbiaceae with Special Reference to Taxonomy
    Pollen morphology of the Euphorbiaceae with special reference to taxonomy W. Punt (Botanical Museum and Herbarium, Utrecht) {received December 28th, 1961) CONTENTS Chapter I General Introduction 2 a. Introduction 2 b. Acknowledgements 2 Chapter II History 2 a. Pollen morphology 2 b. Euphorbiaceae 4 Chapter III Material 5 Chapter IV Methods 6 a. Flowers 6 b. Pollen preparations 7 c. Preservation of pollen grains 7 d. Microscopes 8 e. Punched cards 8 f. Drawings 9 Chapter V Some nomenclatural remarks 9 Chapter VI Pollen morphology 10 Chapter VII Glossary 15 Chapter VIII Results 18 A. Pollen grains of the Euphorbiaceae 18 B. Discussion of the results 20 a. Phyllanthoideae 20 Antidesma configuration 20 Amanoa configuration 32 Phyllanthus nutans configuration 37 Breynia configuration 38 Aristogeitonia configuration 40 b. Crotonoideae 47 Croton configuration 47 Cnesmosa configuration 57 Dysopsis configuration 60 Plukenetia configuration 60 Chiropetalum configuration 65 Cephalomappa configuration 68 Sumbavia configuration 69 Bernardia configuration 73 Mallotus configuration 77 Claoxylon configuration 90 Cladogynos configuration 93 Hippomane configuration 95 Summary 106 References 107 Index 110 CHAPTER I GENERAL INTRODUCTION a. Introduction Many investigators have stated (e.g. Lindau 1895, Wodehouse Erdtman that 1935, 1952), pollen morphology can be of great also importance for plant taxonomy, while it was known that in Euphorbiaceae several types of pollen grains exist (e.g. Erdtman 1952). On the suggestion of Professor Lanjouw, who himself has worked on the Euphorbiaceae of Surinam, the author has investigated the pollen grains of this family of that area. From the result it was apparent that in the Surinam different could be Euphorbiaceae many pollen types distinguished.
    [Show full text]
  • Article ISSN 1179-3163 (Online Edition)
    Phytotaxa 454 (4): 293–299 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.7 A new combination and lectotypification in the genus Desmodium (Papilionoideae: Desmodieae) of Mexico LETICIA TORRES-COLÍN1,2 & ALFONSO DELGADO-SALINAS1,3 1 Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 70–233, 04510, CDMX, México. 2 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4663-2575 3 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-9968 Abstract During the review of the genus Desmodium for the different regional floras of Mexico, we have identified problems of nomenclature and typification such as the case of Meibomia karwinskii, wrongly cited in the list of Legumes of Oaxaca as Desmodium karwinskii and thus invalidly published. Also, in this list the attached illustration exhibits incorrect interpretations on its floral characters that does not agree with usage of this species. In this proposal, the nomenclature of the species name is discussed and justified here the designation of a lectotype and three isolectoypes. In addition, a more detailed description of the species is given based on recent field collections and illustrated with images of the habit and morphological characters. Keywords: Leguminosae, Meibomia, nomenclature, Oaxaca Introduction Traditionally the tribe Desmodieae (Hutch. 1964: 477–478 emend: Ohashi 1981: 292–300) has been divided into 3 groups, Lespedeza Michaux (1803: 39), Phyllodium Desvaux (1813: 123) and Desmodium Desvaux (1813: 122); however, in recent molecular studies polyphyly has been demonstrated within the Desmodium group (Jabbour et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Establishment of Long-Term Forest Monitoring Plots in Southeast Cameroon
    The establishment of long-term forest monitoring plots in Southeast Cameroon. Report to CARPE, November 2006 Duncan Thomas George Chuyong Center for Tropical Forest Science Department of Life Sciences Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute University of Buea, Cameroon [email protected] [email protected] Thomas & Chuyong CARPE FY06 Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 3 INTRODUCTION 1. Forest Management and Timber Certification . 4 2. Forest Monitoring Plots . 5 3. Roles of SI, WWF, and Timber Companies . 6 4. CARPE Intermediate Results . 7 METHODS 1. Selection of Methods and Sites . 8 2. Field Supplies, Teams and Training . 8 3. Plot Demarcation and Enumeration . 9 4. Data Processing . 10 RESULTS 1. Tree Diversity . 11 2. Forest Structure . 16 3. Exploited Species . 19 DISCUSSION 1. Standard Methodology for the Congo Basin . 20 2. Biodiversity . 22 3. Timber Harvest and Regeneration . 22 4. Future Activities . 23 APPENDIX 1. Personnel . 24 APPENDIX 2. Plot Metadata FY04 and FY05 . 25 APPENDIX 3: Species List . 26 APPENDIX 4: Species Stand Table . 32 Thomas & Chuyong CARPE FY06 Page 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A forest monitoring partnership for timber certification was established in 2006 between the Smithsonian Institution (CTFS), WWF-CARPO and the SEFAC timber company in the Jengi Project Area of the Sangha Tri-national Landscape, following the model created last year by CTFS, WWF and the Groupe Decolvenaere timber company for the implementation of IR 1.2. This report describes the creation of long-term forest monitoring plots, part of a larger program for sustainable timber harvest through timber certification. The work focuses on CARPE IR 1.2 (sustainable management plans within forestry concessions), IR 3 (monitoring the state of the basin), and also contributes to IR2 through training and capacity building for forest monitoring.
    [Show full text]
  • Espécies Úteis Da Família Euphorbiaceae No Brasil
    ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN Espécies úteis da família Euphorbiaceae no Brasil Especies de interés de familia Euphorbiaceae en Brasil Species from the Euphorbiaceae family used for medicinal purposes in Brazil MSc. Maria José de Sousa Trindade, Dr. Osmar Alves Lameira Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Belém-PA, Brasil. RESUMO Introdução: Euphorbiaceae está entre uma das maiores famílias botânicas, complexas e diversas. Oferece grande potencial de aproveitamento, com mais de 1 100 espécies, nativas ou aclimatadas no Brasil. As espécies de Euphorbiaceae têm grande destaque na atividade econômica, através da alimentação humana e na medicina a partir do conhecimento popular. Objetivo: aumentar o conhecimento sobre os usos atribuídos as espécies da família, visando contribuir para um melhor emprego das espécies. Métodos: a partir de revisão bibliográfica foram pesquisados livros, sites e artigos científicos, considerando o uso atribuído as espécies da família Euphorbiaceae, no período de 1824 a 2012. Resultados: obteve-se dados relativos a 149 espécies, distribuídas em 35 gêneros com vários usos, a maioria com potencial medicinal. O gênero com maior número de espécies com indicação de uso foi Croton com 58, seguido de Euphorbia com 13 e Jatropha com nove. Conclusão: os estudos expostos apontam para uma grande viabilidade no que diz respeito à utilização das espécies da família. Palavras-chave: botânica econômica, medicina popular, usos, Croton. RESUMEN Introducción: Euphorbiaceae se encuentra entre una de las familias botánicas más grandes, complejas y diversas. Ofrece un gran potencial para su uso, con más de 1 100 especies, nativas o naturalizadas en Brasil. Las especies de Euphorbiaceae tienen gran importancia en la actividad económica, a través de alimentos y medicinas a partir del conocimiento popular.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revised Infrageneric Classification and Molecular Phylogeny of New World Croton (Euphorbiaceae)
    TAXON 60 (3) • June 2011: 791–823 Van Ee & al. • Taxonomy and phylogeny of New World Croton A revised infrageneric classification and molecular phylogeny of New World Croton (Euphorbiaceae) Benjamin W. van Ee,1 Ricarda Riina2,3 & Paul E. Berry2 1 Black Hills State University Herbarium, 1200 University Street, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799, U.S.A. 2 University of Michigan Herbarium, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, U.S.A. 3 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain Author for correspondence: Benjamin van Ee, [email protected] Abstract Croton (Euphorbiaceae) is a large and diverse group of plants that is most species-rich in the tropics. We update the infrageneric classification of the New World species of Croton with new evidence from phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data from all three genomes. The relationships of species that were previously placed in conflicting positions by nuclear and chloroplast data, such as C. cupreatus, C. poecilanthus, and C. setiger, are further resolved by adding the nuclear EMB2765 and mitochondrial rps3 genes to the molecular sampling. Analyses of rps3 reveal an accelerated rate of evolution within Croton subg. Geiseleria, the only one of the four subgenera that contains numerous herbaceous, annual species. We provide morphological descriptions, species lists, and a key to the 31 sections and 10 subsections recognized in the New World. New taxa that we describe include C. sects. Alabamenses, Argyranthemi, Cordiifolii, Corinthii, Cupreati, Luetzelburgiorum, Nubigeni, Olivacei, Pachypodi, Prisci, and C. subsects. Cubenses, Jamaicenses, and Sellowiorum. Additional transfers are made to the ranks of subgenus, section, and subsection.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery of a Tropical Rain Forest Over 30 Years Following Silvicultural Interventions
    Recovery of a tropical rain forest over 30 years following silvicultural interventions Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree Doctor rer. nat. of the Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany by Angela Luciana de Avila Freiburg im Breisgau, September 2016 Dean: Prof. Dr. Tim Freytag First examiner: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Bauhus Second examiner: Prof. Dr. Jaboury Ghazoul Third examiner: Prof. Dr. Carsten Dormann Date of thesis defence: 23rd January 2017 Statement of originality I hereby declare that this thesis has never been submitted to another examination commission in Germany or in another country for a degree in the same or similar form. This thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the proper manner. Angela Luciana de Avila Freiburg, 29th September 2016 Statement of contributions and manuscripts This doctoral research was carried out between April 2012 and September 2016. I conducted most of the work myself, from the development of the research concept, data preparation and analyses to the writing of manuscripts, introduction and final chapters of this thesis. Three manuscripts were elaborated to be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, as follows: de Avila, A.L., A.R. Ruschel, J.O.P. de Carvalho, L. Mazzei, J.N.M. Silva, J.do.C. Lopes, M.M. Araujo, C.F. Dormann, and J. Bauhus. 2015. Medium-term dynamics of tree species composition in response to silvicultural intervention intensities in a tropical rain forest. Biological Conservation, 191:577–586. de Avila, A.L., M.
    [Show full text]
  • Incidence of Extra-Floral Nectaries and Their Effect on the Growth and Survival of Lowland Tropical Rain Forest Trees
    Incidence of Extra-Floral Nectaries and their Effect on the Growth and Survival of Lowland Tropical Rain Forest Trees Honors Research Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation “with Honors Research Distinction in Evolution and Ecology” in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Andrew Muehleisen The Ohio State University May 2013 Project Advisor: Dr. Simon Queenborough, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Incidence of Extra-Floral Nectaries and their Effect on the Growth and Survival of Lowland Tropical Rain Forest Trees Andrew Muehleisen Evolution, Ecology & Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA Summary Mutualistic relationships between organisms have long captivated biologists, and extra-floral nectaries (EFNs), or nectar-producing glands, found on many plants are a good example. The nectar produced from these glands serves as food for ants which attack intruders that may threaten their free meal, preventing herbivory. However, relatively little is known about their impact on the long-term growth and survival of plants. To better understand the ecological significance of EFNs, I examined their incidence on lowland tropical rain forest trees in Yasuni National Park in Amazonian Ecuador. Of those 896 species that were observed in the field, EFNs were found on 96 species (11.2%), widely distributed between different angiosperm families. This rate of incidence is high but consistent with other locations in tropical regions. Furthermore, this study adds 13 new genera and 2 new families (Urticaceae and Caricaceae) to the list of taxa exhibiting EFNs. Using demographic data from a long-term forest dynamics plot at the same site, I compared the growth and survival rates of species that have EFNs with those that do not.
    [Show full text]
  • Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana 1995–2004, H
    Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to botany • number 97 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press ASmithsonian Chronology Plant of MiddleCollections, Missouri Guyana Plain s 1995–2004,Village H. David Sites Clarke By Craig M. Johnson Carol L. Kelloff, Sara N. Alexander, V. A. Funk,with contributions and H. David by Clarke Stanley A. Ahler, Herbert Haas, and Georges Bonani SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institu- tions throughout the world. Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affilia- tion with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines.
    [Show full text]
  • Branch Xylem Density Variations Across the Amazon Basin
    Biogeosciences, 6, 545–568, 2009 www.biogeosciences.net/6/545/2009/ Biogeosciences © Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Branch xylem density variations across the Amazon Basin S. Patino˜ 1,2,*, J. Lloyd2, R. Paiva3,**, T. R. Baker2,*, C. A. Quesada2,3, L. M. Mercado4,*, J. Schmerler5,*, † M. Schwarz5,*, A. J. B. Santos6, , A. Aguilar1, C. I.Czimczik7,*, J. Gallo8, V. Horna9,*, E. J. Hoyos10, E. M. Jimenez1, W. Palomino11, J. Peacock2, A. Pena-Cruz˜ 12, C. Sarmiento13, A. Sota5,*, J. D. Turriago8, B. Villanueva8, P. Vitzthum1, E. Alvarez14, L. Arroyo15, C. Baraloto13, D. Bonal13, J. Chave16, A. C. L. Costa17, R. Herrera*, N. Higuchi3, T. Killeen18, E. Leal19, F. Luizao˜ 3, P. Meir20, A. Monteagudo11,12, D. Neil21, P. Nu´nez-Vargas˜ 11, M. C. Penuela˜ 1, N. Pitman22, N. Priante Filho23, A. Prieto24, S. N. Panfil25, A. Rudas26, R. Salomao˜ 19, N.Silva27,28, M. Silveira29, S. Soares deAlmeida19, A. Torres-Lezama30, R. Vasquez-Mart´ ´ınez11, I. Vieira19, Y. Malhi31, and O. L. Phillips2,*** 1Grupo de Ecolog´ıa de Ecosistemas Terrestres Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Amazonia, Instituto Amazonico´ de Investigaciones-Imani, km. 2, v´ıa Tarapaca,´ Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia 2Earth and Biosphere Institute, School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK 3Institito National de Pesquisas Amazonicas,ˆ Manaus, Brazil 4Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, England, UK 5Fieldwork Assistance, Postfach 101022, 07710 Jena, Germany 6Departamento de Ecologia,
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Diversity and Abundance of Plants with Flowers and Fruits From
    Revista Peruana de Biología ISSN: 1561-0837 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Perú Choo, Johanna P.S.; Vasquez Martínez, Rodolfo; Stiles, Edmund W. Diversity and Abundance of Plants with Flowers and Fruits from October 2001 to September 2002 in Paucarillo Reserve, Northeastern Amazon, Peru Revista Peruana de Biología, vol. 14, núm. 1, agosto, 2007, pp. 25-31 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima, Perú Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=195018583006 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Versión Online ISSN 1727-9933 Rev. peru. biol. 14(1): 025- 031 (Agosto 2007) DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF PLANTS WITH FLOWERS AND FRUITS IN PAUCARILLO RESERVE © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Diversity and Abundance of Plants with Flowers and Fruits from October 2001 to September 2002 in Paucarillo Reserve, Northeas- tern Amazon, Peru Diversidad y abundancia de plantas con fl ores y frutos entre octubre 2001 y septiembre 2002 en la Reserva Paucarillo, en el noroeste de la Amazonía Peruana Johanna P.S. Choo1,3, Rodolfo Vasquez Martínez2 and Edmund W. Stiles1,4 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]