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Reflections on the Brazilian Blockbuster Elite Squad______5 IReflect Student Journal of International Relations Articles Cinematic hidden peace representations as a barrier to social development? Reflections on the Brazilian blockbuster “Elite Squad” Renata Malkes – Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg The Challenging Protection of Syrian Refugees and the National Security Imperative in Jordan Victoire d`Humieres – Université Lyon III Ist der ‚Western Script’ eine Gefahr für sich selbst? Von der unterschätzten Rolle der Emotionen in Theorie und Praxis des westlichen Politikverständnisses und der Politisierung von Identität und Protest im Populismus Volume 5 Miriam Sokalski – Freie Universität Berlin Issue 1 – I reflect – 2018 Good intentions, little impact: The EU Commission’s approach to tackle the illegal art trade www.ireflect-journal.de Clara Cassan & Paul Fabel [email protected] Yasukuni: the cycle of memory and how to detoxify East Asia’s most controversial shrine James Kelly Vom Atomwaffensperrvertrag über den IGH bis hin zum Friedensnobelpreis Steven Kleemann Published by IB an der Spree EDITORIAL BOARD (V.i.S.d.P.): Victoria Kravtsova, Jonas Richter, Oscar Santiago Vargas, Diana Vuzic, Marie Wolf (Students of the MA Programmes International Relations at Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Universität Potsdam) [email protected] | www.ireflect-journal.de PUBLISHED BY IB an der Spree e.V. EXECUTIVE BOARD: Henrik Holst, Phillip Jung, Claudia Schmidt, Steffen Engling ADDRESS: Vorstand IB an der Spree e.V. c/o Geschäftsstelle des Masterstudienganges Internationale Beziehungen Ihnestr. 26, D-14195 Berlin (Germany) [email protected] | www.ibanderspree.de This Journal is published under Creative Commons License Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Please cite and use accordingly. Berlin, May 2018 Manuscripts should be submitted electronically to [email protected]. DISCLAIMER: The Publisher and the Editorial Board cannot be held responsible for errors in information contained in this journal or any consequences arising from the use of it; the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Publisher and the Editorial Board. IReflect has been founded in early 2014 by a group of IR-students in Berlin and is published by ‘IB an der Spree e.V.’. The journal focuses on phenomena and developments within International Relations from a students` perspective and links this with active authorship. This means that all authors publishing articles are welcome to reflect on their own positions concerning the subject and the field. All contributions are reviewed in a double blind peer review process by graduate and doctoral students. The journal is published biannually. Contents Editorial Articles Renata Malkes Cinematic hidden peace representations as a barrier to social development? Reflections on the Brazilian blockbuster Elite Squad_______5 Victoire d’Humieres The Challenging Protection of Syrian Refugees and the National Security Imperative in Jordan__________________________________________________________23 Miriam Sokalski Ist der ‚Western Script’ eine Gefahr für sich selbst? Von der unterschätzten Rolle der Emotionen in Theorie und Praxis des westlichen Politikverständnisses und der Politisierung von Identität und Protest im Populismus_______________________________________________________37 – I reflect – Clara Cassan & Paul Fabel Good intentions, little impact: The EU Commission’s approach to tack-le the illegal art trade____________________________________________________________57 James Kelly Yasukuni: the cycle of memory and hoW to detoxify East Asia’s most controversial shrine__________________________________________________________61 Steven Kleemann Vom AtomWaffensperrvertrag über den IGH bis hin zum Friedensnobelpreis___________________________________________________________65 Peer RevieWer_____________________________________________________________________70 Call for Papers_____________________________________________________________________71 IReflect 2018, Vol. 5 (1) 1 IReflect Editorial Dear readers, We couldn’t be more excited to present to you the 2018 issue of IReflect. As always, the current issue covers a wide variety of topics. Renata Malkes looks for representations of peace in a Brazilian blockbuster Elite Squad. Victoire d’Humieres investigates Jordan’s response to displacement from Syria and its consequences for the national security and stability of the state. Miriam Sokalski explores the role of emotions in the politicization of identity and protest in the populist discourses. In their IReflect contribution Clara Cassan and Paul Fabel discuss the EU Commission’s approach to the looting and illicit trafficking of cultural goods. The next IReflect text by James Kelly explores the role of the Yasukuni Shrine in Japanese society. Steven Kleemann completes this potpourri with his IReflect contribution on the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons. This year we are very pleased to have such a diverse range of contributors from a variety of countries. Of course, IReflect would not exist without you sending in your articles and amazing scholars reviewing them. Thus, we would like to thank you for your outstanding work! Additionally, we encourage you to send in your articles, become a reviewer for our journal or to join the Editorial Board. Always be welcome! We will now have the articles speak for themselves. We hope you will enjoy reading the current issue and are looking forward to your feedback. IReflect Editorial Board Victoria Kravtsova, Jonas Richter, Oscar Santiago Vargas, Diana Vuzic, Marie Wolf IReflect 2018, Vol. 5 (1) 2 IReflect Editorial Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser, Wir freuen uns sehr, euch die erste 2018 Ausgabe von IReflect zu präsentieren. Wie immer deckt die Ausgabe eine Vielzahl von Themen ab. Renata Malkes sucht nach Friedensdarstellungen im brasilianischen Blockbuster Elite Squad. Victoire d'Humieres untersucht den Umgang Jordaniens mit syrischen Geflüchteten und die Folgen für die nationale Sicherheit und Stabilität des Landes. Miriam Sokalski beleuchtet die Rolle von Emotionen bei der Politisierung von Identität und Protest in populistischen Diskursen. In ihrem IReflect-Beitrag diskutieren Clara Cassan und Paul Fabel wie die EU-Kommission gegen Plünderungen und illegalen Handel mit Kulturgütern vorgeht. Der nächste IReflect- Beitrag von James Kelly untersucht die Rolle des Yasukuni-Schreins in der japanischen Gesellschaft. Steven Kleemann vervollständigt dieses vielfältige Bild mit seinem IReflect- Beitrag zur Internationalen Kampagne zur Abschaffung von Atomwaffen. Dieses Jahr sind wir besonders erfreut, dass wir Beiträge von Autor*innen aus einer großen Vielzahl von Ländern veröffentlichen können. Natürlich existiert IReflect nur, weil ihr eure Texte einschickt und es großartige Menschen gibt, die diese begutachten. Daher möchten wir einen herzlichen Dank an alle Autor*innen und Reviewer*innen aussprechen. Gern möchten wir euch dazu ermuntern, euch als Reviewer*innen zu bewerben, Artikel zur Begutachtung einzureichen oder auch selbst bei unserem Editorial Board mitzumachen! Wir werden jetzt die Artikel für sich sprechen lassen. Wir wünschen euch viel Spaß mit der aktuellen Ausgabe und freuen uns auf euer Feedback. Das Editorial Board von IReflect Victoria Kravtsova, Jonas Richter, Oscar Santiago Vargas, Diana Vuzic, Marie Wolf 3 IReflect 2018, Vol. 5 (1) Articles IReflect 2018, Vol. 5 (1) 4 Renata Malkes: Reflections on Elite Squad Cinematic hidden peace representations as a barrier to social development? Reflections on the Brazilian blockbuster Elite Squad Renata Malkes Abstract This paper starts from the assumption that peace representations in cinema present international politics with a conundrum. Nobody would dispute that peace and war are inherent parts of the world. However, it is hard to think of any film that clearly depicts peace. It is never a main plot, but often forgotten or, at best, side-lined. On the other hand, war representations emerge as dominant and powerful narratives on the screen. Why cannot we see equal repre- sentations of peace in pop culture? Which impacts does the lack of peace representations have on shaping our understanding of reali- ty? Starting from the Foucaultian idea of “truth”, an analysis of Brazilian blockbuster Elite Squad suggests that peace can be found in shifting analysis from high-end, state-centric actors to pe- ripheral ones. Moreover, it demonstrates that hidden representa- tions of peace might contribute to maintaining a certain balance of power and hinder social development. Keywords: representation, peace, cinema, development, Brazil. Introduction Pop culture is a valuable asset to help us understand the world. Since the 1990's, scholars have discussed the need to investigate the power of images and representations consumed through newspapers, television, Films, books, video-games, and pictures to assess how our knowledge is constructed. Mitchel (1994) deFended a “pictorial turn” in International Relations (IR). Perhaps one oF the most vociFerous advocates For an “aesthetic turn in IR Theory” is Bleiker (2001). He observed how the international and its conflicts IReflect 2018, Vol. 5 (1): 5-22 5 Renata Malkes: Reflections on Elite Squad are shown in media in a quite arbitrary way, leaving us with distorted perceptions and metaphors oF what we take For real. Weber argued popular films should be paired with IR, because they present drama and trauma in contained spatial
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