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And in Solidarity with Traveller Women: Minority Ethnic Women’S Narratives of Racialized Obstetric Violence

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And in Solidarity with Traveller Women: Minority Ethnic Women’S Narratives of Racialized Obstetric Violence ‘Standing alongside’ and in solidarity with Traveller women: minority ethnic women’s narratives of racialized obstetric violence Lynsey Kavanagh, M.A., B.Soc.Sc. Thesis submitted to the University of Maynooth in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Social Sciences October 2018 Department of Applied Social Studies Head of Department: Professor Maurice Devlin Supervisor: Dr. Ciara Bradley Declaration I, the Candidate, certify that this thesis is all my own work and that I have not obtained a degree in this University or elsewhere on the basis of any of this work. Signature: _________________________________ Date: 01/08/19 ii Contents Contents ………………………………………………………………………………………....….…iii List of figures .................................................................................................................................. vii List of tables ................................................................................................................................... vii List of abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... ix Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ x 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and context .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Traveller women: perinatal health outcomes ................................................................................ 3 1.3 Pregnancy loss ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Background to the study .............................................................................................................. 7 1.5 Pavee Point Traveller and Roma Centre ..................................................................................... 10 1.6 Pavee Point’s health work: local, regional and national focus ..................................................... 11 1.7 Research question, aims and objectives ...................................................................................... 15 1.8 Research design and methods .................................................................................................... 15 1.9 Terminology .............................................................................................................................. 16 1.10 Chapter overview .................................................................................................................... 18 1.11 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 19 2.0 Women, pregnancy and loss in Ireland and beyond ............................................................... 20 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 20 2.2 The State’s response to women’s pregnant bodies ...................................................................... 20 2.3 State/social responses to pregnancy and loss within the context of obstetric settings ................... 27 2.4 Women’s experiences of pregnancy loss Ireland ........................................................................ 28 2.5 Socio-historical practices and pregnancy loss ............................................................................. 29 2.6 Women’s contemporary experiences of pregnancy loss in obstetric settings ............................... 31 2.7 A shift in policy and practice?.................................................................................................... 38 2.8 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 46 3.0 From assimilation towards inclusion: Traveller policy in Ireland ......................................... 47 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 47 3.2 Historical overview: from assimilation towards inclusion? ......................................................... 49 3.3 Historical anachronism to the problem of Itinerancy: Commission on Itinerancy ........................ 53 3.4 Review body: asimilation to integration ..................................................................................... 58 3.5 Report of the Task Force on Travelling People: integration to interculturalism ........................... 63 iii 3.6 Towards inclusion? .................................................................................................................... 70 3.7 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 74 4.0 From the individual to the structural: considerations of intersectionality, structural racism and minority ethnic women’s experiences of loss ......................................................................... 76 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 76 4.2 Situating pregnancy and childbirth within academic scholarship ................................................ 77 4.3 Authoritative knowledge............................................................................................................ 78 4.4 Pregnancy loss ........................................................................................................................... 80 4.5 Woman-centred discourse of pregnancy loss .............................................................................. 81 4.6 Key themes from the literature on pregnancy loss ...................................................................... 82 4.7 Intersectionality ......................................................................................................................... 84 4.8 Structural experiences: social determinants of health.................................................................. 89 4.9 Structural violence: personal and structural ................................................................................ 94 4.10 Structural violence: individual/interpersonal/structural ............................................................. 95 4.11 Structural violence and intersectionality ................................................................................... 96 4.12 Structural racism...................................................................................................................... 97 4.13 Locating structural violence in the perinatal period: obstetric violence ................................... 100 4.14 Hidden forms of violence: meso/macro .................................................................................. 107 4.15 Obstetric violence and intersectionality .................................................................................. 109 4.16 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 113 5.0 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 115 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 115 5.2 Ontological, epistemological and methodological approach ..................................................... 116 5.3 Feminist approach to research .................................................................................................. 118 5.4 Feminist standpoint epistemology ............................................................................................ 120 5.5 Relational ontology ................................................................................................................. 122 5.6 Voice-centred relational (VCR) method ................................................................................... 124 5.7 Reflexivity and the voice-centred relational (VCR) method...................................................... 127 5.8 Research design ....................................................................................................................... 127 5.9 Biographic narrative interpretive method (BNIM) .................................................................... 128 5.10 BNIM interviewing................................................................................................................ 130 5.11 Choosing a BNIM style interview for this study ..................................................................... 131 5.12 Using a BNIM style approach to data collection ..................................................................... 132 5.13 Accessing the field: sampling and recruitment for interviews ................................................. 134 5.14 Piloting interviews ................................................................................................................
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