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Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 3(5) September 2015, Pages: 1-16 Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 3(5) September 2015, Pages: 1-16 AENSI Journals Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research ISSN:2074-0883 Journal home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/GJMPR/ Floristic, Ethnobotanical and Phytotherapy Studies of Medicinal Plants Spontaneous in the Area of Mountains Tessala, Western Algeria Saidi Boubakr, Latrech Ali, Mehdadi Zoheir, Hakemi Zahra, Dadache Mohamed, Ammar Boukeur University Djillali Liabes, Faculty of nature and life, Laboratory of biodiversity vegetale: conservation and enhancement Sidi Bel Abbes 22000 Algeria ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The mountains of Tessala present a very interesting natural vegetation, these formations Received 12 March 2015 contains a rich and diverse flora of economic and ecological interest. For the Accepted 28 June 2015 preservation and enhancement of the natural heritage, we have done a study of the Available online 22 July 2015 Tessala Mountains region. This contribution to the objective of studying to identify spontaneous medicinal plants (taxonomic study) with detailed floristic inventories Keywords: (floristic study), we conducted a regional survey of coastal populations and herbalists Tessala; spontaneous medicinal on traditional use of these plants (ethnobotanical study) as the different therapeutic uses plants; ethnobotanical; therapeutic; and diseases treated (therapeutic study). We counted 53 medicinal species of our floristic richness that estimate of 76 spontaneous species within 49 genus and 25 botanical families. On the floristic plant, we found plenty of Asteraceae and Lamiaceae compared with other botanical families. Analysis of biological types in the inventory shows the dominance of Therophytes and Hémicryptophytes than other types that are moderately or weakly represented. Through this study, we offer the following species, as new species for the Algerian medicinal flora: Aristolochia baetica L, Plantago albicans L, Salvia argentea L, Lobularia maritime L, Asteriscus maritimus Mill, Centaurea pullata L, Carduus pycnocephalus L. © 2015 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved. To Cite This Article: Saidi Boubakr, Latrech Ali, Mehdadi Zoheir, Hakemi Zahra, Dadache Mohamed, Ammar Boukeur., Floristic, Ethnobotanical and Phytotherapy Studies of Medicinal Plants Spontaneous in the Area of Tessala Mounts, Western Algeria. Adv. in Nat. Appl. Sci., 3(5): 1-16, 2015 INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants are still widely used in the world of integers, The estimated number of medicinal species used is 80% of the world population in traditional medicines, and in the pharmaceutical sector between 53 000 and 72 000 species are being used. This represents 13% to 17% of the 422,000 higher plant species known in the world (Debaisieux and Polese, 2009). Whether healers, shamans, wizards or druids, sages of every people studying all the herbs they had on hand and passed, usually orally, their knowledge to future generations (Jourdain, 1997). North of Africa, including Algeria, has one of the oldest and richest traditions associated with the use of medicinal plants, these plants are very important for the inhabitants of the region, especially in rural areas, being given that, in many places, according to the WHO in 2002. These are the only sources of available drugs, Algeria, with its thousands of hectares of forest, full of plants condiments and medicinal, These plants are still unknown and operated in anartisan way (Abdelguerfi and Ramdane, 2003; Reguieg, 2011). The exploitation and demand for medicinal plants is currently increasing in developed countries and developing countries for various reasons. The sustainable use of these resources is now questioned and the need to preserve the flora and control it uses has become imperative. As against the traditional use of medicinal plants spontaneous in Algeria remains a gap to the WHO in 2003. The work on medicinal plants, usually devoted to ethnobotanical surveys have a non-exhaustive list of plant species used in traditional medicine by the population (Kerharo and Bouquet, 1950; Adjanohoun and Aké Assi, 1979; Koné and al, 2002). The Tessala mountains contain many medicinal plants and spontaneous with its floristic and ecological diversity, who are threatened and become rare in areas where they were previously abundant. Especially due to the increase in commercial collections and / or inappropriate (taking roots or rhizomes for some plants), Corresponding Author: Saidi Boubakr, Université Djillali Liabes, Faculté des sciences de la nature et de vie, Laboratoire de biodiversité végétale: conservation et valorisation Sidi Bel Abbes 22000 Algérie E-mail: [email protected] 2 Saidi Boubakr et al, 2015 Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 3(5) September 2015, Pages: 1-16 overgrazing, fires (Bensaid and al, 2006; Saidi and al, 2015), and the lack of rational management If their collection and their use are not regulated, some species may be threatened with extinction (Lahsissene and Kahouadji, 2010). It is therefore necessary to take measures to conserve them (Bousta and Ennabili, 2011). Thus, the collection of wild medicinal plants can pose additional problems from the perspective of overfishing on a global, regional and / or local and the protection of endangered species (Mehdioui and Kahouadji, 2007), should also take into account the impact of culture and harvesting of plants on the environment and ecological processes, and the interests of local communities to the WHO in 2003. This is why the objective of our work is the conservation of medicinal plants to the levels of Tessala Mountains (west of Algeria) and to try to fill this gap that we realized a list of medicinal plants that are economically useful or threatening. This approach provides a strong base for the conservation of biodiversity in general, and for improving the living conditions of people living in and around areas where these plants are present. This study with purpose of identifying medicinal plants (taxonomic study), with detailed floristic inventories (floristic study), we conducted a regional survey of riparian populations and herbalists about the traditional use of these plants (ethnobotanical study) as the different therapeutic uses and diseases treated (therapeutic study). MATERIALS AND METHODS Presentation of study area: The mountains of Tessala (Figure 1) are limited to the west by the mountains of Berkèche and south by the plain of SidiBelAbbes; the highest point rises to 1061 m altitude. Jebel Tessala it draws a hilly morphology with steep slopes accentuated by to marked gully, they are an extension of 4 wilaya "Sidi Bel Abbes, Ain temouchent, Tlemcen and Oran" (Figure 1). (Pouquet, 1952). In Tessala common predominant geological formations are marls, clays and soft sandstones of Neogene marls and marly limestones Paleogene and Cretaceous (DELLAOUI, 1952) .These courses are diverse and each unit is characterized by topographical formations age and different structure. - The mountainous area of Tessala is part of the Tell Oran central characterized geologically by thrusting tablecloths training complex Decreto - Oligocene described by (BOUKLIKHA, 2001). The climate of the region is almost Tessala the Mediterranean as any West North Algerian characterized by: (B.N.E.D.E.R., 1990). - The concentration of rainfall during the cold period (fall and winter) Low and irregular rainfall (- 400 mm / year), Frosts covering a period from December to: - An apparent drought during the warmer months (summer). Quite a long dry period (late April to mid October), Strong temperatures in summer and low in winter; February (Ferka-Zazou, 2006). The aridity index is in the range of 12.01 for the translated region Tessala a semi-arid climate (Bouzidi and al, 2009). Fig. 1: Geographical position of the mountains of Tessala (Kikken, 1962), as amended map. 3 Saidi Boubakr et al, 2015 Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 3(5) September 2015, Pages: 1-16 Methodology: To have a good overview of the diversity of medicinal plants found in the mountains of Tessala, about thirty phyto-ecological surveys were conducted in ten different stations (Figure 2). Thus, the choice of stations reflects the physiognomy of vegetation (canopy density, species composition ...) and ecological conditions (soil texture, topographic position ...). The analysis of this flora has allowed us to bring out a list of medicinal plants of the region of TessalaMountains. For the determination of plant species, we used the new flora of Algeria of Quézel and Santa (1962–1963) and of North Africa of Maire (1952–1987) supplemented as necessary by the guide of the Mediterranean flora (Bayer and al, 1991), and Algerian different floras (Battandier and Trabut, 1895; Beniston and Beniston, 1984). Ethnobotanical surveys allowed to list the species used and determine the part of the plant used and its traditional mode of use. On the therapeutic use, the bibliographic items available (Baba-Aissa, 1991; Baba- Aissa, 2011; Beloued, 1998; Beloued, 2001; Chemli, 1997; Djerroumi and Nacef, 2013; Debaisieux and Polese, 2009; Sophie, 2005), have been of significant utility. Fig. 2: Location of the sampling stations at Mountains of Tessala (map prepared by the MapInfo Professional version 8.0 software) (Saidi, 2015). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION According to the floristic inventory in the mountains of Tessala, we identified 76 species in 30 floristic at 10 different stations, including 53 species of medicinal plants. And with the help of local people in the region, we did an ethnobotanical
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