E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 116 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 165 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, APRIL 4, 2019 No. 59 Senate The Senate met at 11 a.m. and was struction that stands literally without dominated by pure partisanship over called to order by the President pro precedent in American history. absolutely everything else. Remember, tempore (Mr. GRASSLEY). I won’t restate each part of our de- it wasn’t long ago that this current be- f bate from the floor yesterday, but the havior would have appeared unimagi- objective facts of this situation are un- nable. Just a few decades ago, the idea PRAYER ambiguous. For the past 2 years, we of routinely forcing 60-vote thresholds The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- have witnessed the accelerated erosion and extra delays on nominations was fered the following prayer: of the norms by which this body has firmly in third-rail territory. Well, a Let us pray. historically considered Presidential lot has happened since then, but I hope O Lord and Ruler, Your Name is nominations. We have seen a dis- my colleagues share my belief that the great, and we see Your glory in the appointing series of records broken in Senate’s traditions and norms are its Heavens. We are grateful for this Na- the process, such as 128 cloture votes greatest assets. In that respect, yester- tion and for the deliberative process of on nominations in this President’s first day was a very good day for this body lawmaking, with its challenges and op- 2 years—more than 5 times as many as as an institution. portunities. As our Senators debate the in the same period of every administra- The Senate has historically been de- issues that are vital to our freedom, tion since Jimmy Carter, combined. fined by two traditions. One has pre- give them wisdom, integrity, and cour- Forty-two executive branch positions served the power of the minority in age. Lord, let them be fully persuaded took cloture votes for the first time considering legislation—to pump the in their minds about the course that ever. brakes or force a second look. That in- This has been a new level of paral- will best bless America. Deliver them cludes the legislative filibuster, which ysis, surrounding even the most quali- I know many of us on both sides are 100 from a reluctance to respect honest dif- fied and least controversial nominees. percent committed to preserving. In ferences as they remember their ulti- In a way, it has been the natural out- my view and in the view of many, it is mate accountability to You. Bless and growth of the erosion on nominations inseparable from the way this body was keep them now and always. that began back in 2003 when our cur- designed. It is what keeps the Senate We pray in Your great Name. Amen. rent Democratic leader helped spur his f side of the aisle to walk away from from swinging wildly back and forth between each party’s entire agenda. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE longstanding institutional norms and declare the Executive Calendar open I don’t think my Democratic col- The President pro tempore led the season for regular, chronic filibuster leagues who are running for President Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: tactics and forced cloture votes. That and publicly toying with undermining I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the is when this relatively new mess began the legislative filibuster would be too United States of America, and to the Repub- in earnest. keen to see Republicans enact our en- lic for which it stands, one nation under God, In 2013, in a truly bipartisan vote, a tire, full-tilt conservative agenda with indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. number of Republicans, including me, just 51 votes, because some day the f joined with Democrats to implement shoe will be on the other foot. The new expedited procedures for lower tier shoe, in fact, always at some point RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY ends up on the other foot. LEADER nominees. We put them in place right at the beginning of President Obama’s That is one tradition. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. second term, even as we on this side The second tradition, concerning SCOTT of Florida). The Senate majority were still licking our wounds from the nominations, has always been dif- leader is recognized. previous November’s election result. ferent. For decades and decades, it al- f This week, our Democratic col- lowed for a reasonable process for the leagues had the chance to reciprocate. vast majority of Presidents’ nominees. S. RES. 50 They had the opportunity to do the Yesterday, even though Democrats Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, yes- parallel thing, exactly the same thing, walked away and Republicans had to terday, the Senate took an important and vote to limit undue Senate delays act alone, we took a big step toward re- step to restore sense and order to the for this Republican administration the storing that second part of Senate tra- way we approach the Executive Cal- same way we Republicans did for Presi- dition. endar. It is one of this body’s most im- dent Obama’s administration. Oh, but I am sure yesterday’s progress has portant responsibilities. Yet it has they weren’t interested. not resolved every sore spot. I feel cer- been hampered recently by a campaign These days, I am sorry to say, the tain that we have not seen the last of of systematic and comprehensive ob- other side of the aisle seems to be our Democratic colleagues’ addiction

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:11 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A04AP6.000 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2246 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 to endlessly relitigating the 2016 elec- of the government-sponsored enter- behind the law and therefore also a re- tions instead of moving forward. But prises Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and spect for FHFA’s responsibilities and with yesterday’s action, the Senate has the Federal Home Loan Bank System. boundaries as a regulator. begun to move past this particularly Since 2008, when Fannie and Freddie During his hearing a few weeks ago, shameful new chapter. We have turned were placed in conservatorship during Dr. Calabria made a commitment to the page on the kind of systematic ob- the financial crisis, the FHFA has also carrying out the clear intent of Con- struction and purely partisan delays served as conservator of these mort- gress in protecting taxpayers while that were completely foreign to this gage giants, charged with preserving also underscoring the importance of Chamber a few years ago but have and conserving their assets and helping maintaining access to affordable hous- since become a daily routine. Now to return them to stable financial foot- ing. Before considering any action, Dr. more progress can take place. ing. Calabria has said he will first ask: Yesterday, after two unopposed com- As long as Fannie and Freddie re- What does the statute say? mittee votes and more than a year and main in conservatorship, the FHFA Di- He is also committed to working a half after Jeffrey Kessler was named rector will play an integral role in set- with me and other Members of this as President Trump’s choice for Assist- ting the strategic direction, the guard- body to reach a comprehensive solution ant Secretary of Commerce, his nomi- rails, and the day-to-day management on ending the conservatorship of nation was subjected to a cloture vote, of these companies, which have a com- Fannie and Freddie once and for all. He 95 to 3. Because of our new procedures, bined $5 trillion in assets. agrees with me and many others that he was confirmed by voice vote just 2 It is critically important for the Sen- the action on housing finance reform hours later. Then we voted to end de- ate to quickly confirm a qualified, ex- that is needed today is the prerogative bate on the nomination of Roy Altman perienced individual to this important of Congress and that after over a dec- to serve on the U.S. District Court for post. Fortunately, Mark Calabria ade of conservatorship, it is long over- the Southern District of Florida—an- meets these requirements. due. other uncontroversial, bipartisan Dr. Calabria is a leading expert on As Fannie and Freddie continue to nominee. Today we will confirm him as housing and mortgage finance and a re- dwell in government control, it appears well. Then we will vote to end debate spected Ph.D. economist. He has al- that the old, failed status quo is slowly on the nomination of Mark Calabria to most 30 years of experience interacting beginning to take hold again, with the direct the Federal Housing Finance with the housing market from nearly government in some ways expanding Agency, and then we will vote to con- every perspective—academia, industry, its reach even further, entering new firm him too. trade associations, think tanks, as a markets where it has never been be- Nominees will now be moving at a congressional staffer, and as a regu- fore. more reasonable pace, and important lator. This status quo is not a viable op- jobs are finally being filled. Already He has dedicated the majority of his tion, and finding a comprehensive solu- there is real progress thanks to yester- career to public service, including as tion remains a top priority for me and day’s pivot back to the Senate’s his- Deputy Assistant Secretary of the De- the Banking Committee. The FHFA toric tradition. We will keep working partment of Housing and Urban Devel- can also play an important role in to clear the backlog of talented indi- opment, nearly a decade as a senior helping us to move toward a more sus- viduals who are still waiting patiently professional staff member on the Sen- tainable housing finance system, facili- behind them. ate Banking Committee, and now as tated by an engaged and strongly cap- Chief Economist to Vice President italized private sector. f MIKE PENCE. He has also worked for the If confirmed, I look forward to work- RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME National Association of Realtors, the ing with Dr. Calabria on these and other efforts. Dr. Calabria’s nomina- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under National Association of Home Builders, the Farm Credit Council, the Harvard tion has been met with substantial sup- the previous order, the leadership time port from the housing industry. Many is reserved. University Joint Center for Housing Studies, and recently at the CATO In- key stakeholders have written to the f stitute as director of financial regula- Banking Committee to emphasize the experience and trusted perspective that CONCLUSION OF MORNING tion studies. Dr. Calabria will bring to the Agency. BUSINESS Over the course of his public service career, Dr. Calabria has worked to The National Association of Home The PRESIDING OFFICER. Morning champion market reforms that benefit Builders wrote: business is closed. consumers and enhance the safety and Throughout his long career, Mark has f soundness of our housing finance sys- proven himself to be a keen expert in hous- tem. He also has a long history of ing finance policy, adding significant value EXECUTIVE SESSION working across the aisle to deliver to key policy discussions both on and off Capitol Hill. NAHB has full confidence that meaningful and lasting reforms. Mark is an excellent choice to be Director of As an official at HUD, Dr. Calabria EXECUTIVE CALENDAR the FHFA. We believe he will bring his usual oversaw HUD’s regulation of the mort- high-level policy experience, outstanding The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under gage market, primarily under the Real communication skills, and consummate pro- the previous order, the Senate will pro- Estate Settlement Procedures Act, or fessionalism to this important regulatory ceed to executive session and resume RESPA. Agency at a critical time for the housing fi- consideration of the following nomina- During his time as a Senate staffer, nance industry. tion, which the clerk will report. he worked on over 20 pieces of legisla- The National Association of Realtors The legislative clerk read the nomi- tion that became law, mostly in the added: nation of Mark Anthony Calabria, of areas of housing and mortgage finance. Dr. Calabria’s decades of experience in Virginia, to be Director of the Federal In 2009, he worked on the Homeless housing and finance policy have prepared Housing Finance Agency for a term of Emergency Assistance and Rapid Tran- him to implement the FHFA’s mission. It five years. sition to Housing Act, or the HEARTH has also helped him to understand the need The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Act, which strengthened our Nation’s for enhanced transparency at the FHFA and a methodical approach in the development ator from Idaho is recognized. homelessness assistance programs. and enforcement of its policies. Mr. CRAPO. Thank you, Mr. Presi- Perhaps most notably, he played a The Mortgage Bankers Association dent. key role in drafting the Housing and noted: I rise to speak in support of the nom- Economic Recovery Act of 2008, or ination of Mark Calabria to be Director HERA, which established the FHFA Dr. Calabria will utilize his significant ex- perience in government and knowledge of of the Federal Housing Finance Agen- and created the position to which he is both the single and multifamily business cy, FHFA, for a 5-year term. now nominated. From his work on lines within the secondary mortgage market For over a decade, the FHFA has HERA, Dr. Calabria has a keen under- to protect taxpayers through an appropriate served as the regulator and watchdog standing of the congressional intent mix of risk-sharing and private capital, work

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:11 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.002 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2247 to maintain deep, stable, and liquid mort- they make in their businesses, which product for the entire world. It is more gage markets, and ensure sustainable access frees up cash that they can reinvest in money than the U.S. government has to affordable housing for all Americans. their operations and in their workers, spent in its entire history. The Manufactured Housing Institute and we brought the U.S. international Democrats like to talk about taxing added: tax system into the 21st century so the rich to pay for various initiatives, Without question, Dr. Calabria is well- American businesses are not operating but the fact is, there aren’t enough qualified to lead the effort to strengthen the at a competitive disadvantage next to rich people in America to even come Nation’s housing finance system and ensure their foreign counterparts. close to paying for the Green New Deal, access to safe, affordable homeownership al- I am proud to report that the Tax even if you taxed every one of these ternatives. Cuts and Jobs Act is doing exactly people at a rate of 100 percent. It is important to have a Senate-con- what it was supposed to do. It is grow- Democrats’ socialist fantasies would firmed leader at the FHFA, overseeing ing our economy. It is creating jobs, be paid for on the backs of working our mortgage markets and making and it is expanding benefits and oppor- families. Families would face huge tax sure taxpayers are well protected from tunities for American workers. Eco- hikes that would permanently lower another financial crisis. nomic growth from the fourth quarter their standard of living, but that is not Dr. Calabria is highly qualified, high- of 2017 to the fourth quarter of 2018 was all. Families would also see a steep de- ly experienced, and well prepared for a strong 3 percent. The unemployment cline in the jobs and opportunities this new role. I support Dr. Calabria rate dropped to 3.8 percent in Feb- available to them. Tax reform has en- and urge my colleagues to join me in ruary, the 12th straight month that un- abled and encouraged businesses to in- voting yes on his nomination. employment has been at or below 4 per- vest in and grow, which is resulting in Thank you. cent. That is the longest streak in better wages and benefits and increased The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- nearly 50 years. opportunities for American workers. ator from South Dakota. The Department of Labor reports None of the growth we are seeing from TAX REFORM that the number of job openings has ex- businesses would last under the tax Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, under ceeded the number of job seekers for 11 hikes businesses would face to pay for President Obama, our economy lan- straight months. The economy has Democrats’ socialist fantasies. Instead guished. Recovery from the recession added more than 5.3 million jobs since of thinking about expanding, compa- was historically slow and economic President Trump was elected. Job nies would be thinking about how they growth for his last year in office was growth has averaged 209,000 jobs a could shrink their workforces or move an anemic 1.6 percent. Of course, all of month over the past 12 months, exceed- jobs and investments overseas. Instead that meant reduced economic prospects ing the 2017 average by 30,000 jobs a of raising wages or improving benefits, for American families. Wages were month. companies would be avoiding wage stagnant, and jobs and opportunities Wage growth has accelerated. Wages hikes and looking to trim their benefit were often few and far between. Repub- are growing at a rate of 3.4 percent, the packages. licans knew that if we wanted to im- seventh straight month in which wages Under Democrats’ socialist fantasies, prove life for American families, we have grown at a rate of 3 percent or American families would face a double needed to get our economy going again. greater. Median household income is at economic blow: huge tax hikes, fewer As soon as we took office in 2017, we an alltime high. Business investment is jobs, lower wages, and reduced eco- got right to work. We knew the biggest up, which means more jobs and oppor- nomic opportunity. thing we had to do was overhaul our tunities for American workers. U.S. There is no one in Congress who outdated Tax Code, which was acting manufacturing is booming; small busi- doesn’t want to make life better for as a major drag on economic growth. ness hiring recently hit a record high; American families. Socialism and the The Tax Code has a huge effect on eco- and the list goes on. massive tax hikes it would bring is not nomic growth and the kinds of jobs, So what is the Democrats’ response the answer. Socialism would reduce op- wages, and opportunities available to to tax reform success—continue or ex- portunities for Americans, not expand American workers. pand the policies that have made life them; it would decrease Americans’ A small business owner struggling to better for American families? Well, the standard of living, not improve it; and afford a heavy tax bill is unlikely to answer is no. Instead, Democrats are it would rob Americans of their choices have the money to hire a new worker proposing policies that would result in and many of their freedoms. or expand her business. A larger busi- massive tax hikes on just about every Republicans will continue to fight to ness is going to find it hard to create American. expand economic opportunity for jobs or improve benefits for employees Consider Democrats’ Medicare for All American families, and we will do ev- if it is struggling to stay competitive proposal, which would strip Americans erything we can to ensure that hard- against foreign businesses paying much of their private health insurance. The working Americans never have to live less in taxes. pricetag for this program is estimated under the miserable reality of Demo- Prior to the passage of the Tax Cuts at $32 trillion over 10 years. To put crats’ socialist fantasies. and Jobs Act, our Tax Code was not that number in perspective, the entire I yield the floor. helping American workers. It was tak- Federal budget for 2019 is less than $5 RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY LEADER. ing too much money from Americans’ trillion. Democrats are talking about The PRESIDING OFFICER. The paychecks. It was making it difficult increasing Federal spending by more Democratic leader is recognized. for businesses to grow and create jobs. than 70 percent. One Medicare expert UNANIMOUS CONSENT REQUEST—H.R. 268 So we passed the Tax Cuts and Jobs estimates that doubling the amount of Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, rather Act to put more money in Americans’ individual and corporate income tax than spend time yesterday on a ter- pockets, to spur economic growth, and collected in this country would not be ribly destructive rules change, Leader expand opportunities for American enough to cover the cost of Medicare MCCONNELL could have focused the workers. We cut tax rates for American for All. I don’t know about my Demo- Senate on an urgent matter that this families, doubled the child tax credit, cratic colleagues, but I don’t know too Chamber has failed to act on: disaster and nearly doubled the standard deduc- many working families who would be relief. tion. able to afford to have their tax bill In a few moments, Senator LEAHY We lowered tax rates across the double. and I will ask unanimous consent to board for owners of small- and medium- While $32 trillion is an insane have a vote on a new version of the sized businesses, farms, and ranches. pricetag, it is dwarfed by the pricetag emergency disaster relief that couldn’t We lowered our Nation’s massive cor- for Democrat’s comprehensive, social- get through the Senate earlier this porate tax rate, which up until Janu- ist fantasy, the Green New Deal. An week. Our new amendment offers this ary 1 of last year was the highest cor- initial estimate suggests that the Chamber a path forward from this porate tax rate in the developed world. Green New Deal would cost $93 trillion week’s impasse. It is a plan that meets We expanded business owners’ ability over 10 years—$93 trillion. That is more everyone’s needs. It doesn’t say only to recover the cost of investments that money than the 2017 gross domestic aid this or only aid that; it recognizes

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:11 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.003 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2248 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 all American citizens deserve to be left field; it is a simple proposal. We sider be considered made and laid upon helped when disaster strikes. need disaster relief for all Americans, the table with no intervening action or The amendment Senator LEAHY and I plain and simple. debate. will offer provides $16.7 billion in relief Senators LEAHY and SHELBY worked The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there for Americans struck by natural disas- in good faith earlier this year, as they objection? ters last year and in the last 2 years. It always do, and I appreciate the great Mr. SHELBY. Mr. President, I object. includes $2.5 billion in new funding— relationship our Appropriations Com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- funding that the bill from the Repub- mittee chair and ranking member— tion is heard. lican side that failed, offered by Sen- vice chair—have. It would have worked The Senator from Alabama. ators Shelby and Perdue, did not had the President not gone to that Mr. SHELBY. Mr. President, these have—$2.5 billion in new funding for lunch. Who knows why, where, or when unanimous consent requests are polit- the recent flooding in Iowa, Nebraska, he pounded the table and said: No aid ical and, I believe, are not productive and Missouri. We all agree these com- to Puerto Rico. He said that, OK? The at the moment. We know that for two munities need assistance now. This only problem is when we are at the reasons. amendment also crucially includes aid brink of a compromise, all too often, First, earlier this week, my Demo- for our fellow citizens in Puerto Rico President Trump torpedoes things, and cratic colleagues rejected a disaster as- and other territories. It doesn’t say to then the Republicans act powerless. sistance package that contained assist- pick one or to pick the other. It says to They don’t act. ance for the Midwest. Instead, they do both. If Leader MCCONNELL and the Senate supported a different version that did All of us in this Chamber should Republicans will not support this nothing for folks in Iowa, in Nebraska, agree that we must do something now measure—a measure that notes the and in other States who have been the to help all Americans in need. This needs of all affected Americans—then victims of catastrophic flooding. In amendment offers our Republican what is their plan that can pass the fact, if the Democrats had gotten their friends—those who have said we need House and pass the Senate and go to way the other night, their bill would aid in the Middle West—the oppor- the President’s desk? have gone straight to the President’s tunity to do just that. So, if this Cham- If this measure just had aid to Puerto desk. ber wants to help families in Nebraska, Rico and not to the Middle West, the That brings me to the second reason in Iowa, in Missouri and if we want to President might veto it, but he is not these procedural requests are empty help the families of Texas and of Flor- going to veto a bill that gives aid to gestures. My Democratic colleagues ida, this amendment is the path for- the Middle West nor should he. know that the measure they raise ward. It is the key to moving forward. So, if an ‘‘all of the above’’ solution today does not have the President’s This is the solution that has the abil- will not work, what on Earth will? support, not unlike the bill they sup- ity to pass the House. This is the op- So far, the answer from this Chamber ported earlier this week. Those meas- tion that has enough support to reach on the other side seems to be nothing— ures cannot secure the President’s sig- the President’s desk. The Speaker of none of the above. That doesn’t make nature. the House has said the original Repub- sense. This is an emergency. People are My Democratic colleagues have re- lican bill wouldn’t even have been put suffering. People can’t get back into grouped today and have decided to pro- on the floor. This bill will. their homes. Small businesses need vide assistance to the folks in the Mid- Now, some will say and, I know, my help starting up again. This is not the west—the same folks they left stranded dear friend from Alabama—and he is time to duck, to look for cover, to earlier in the week. Yet they are will- my good friend—will say that the know when the President has done ing to help the Midwest only if Puerto President will not sign this. Well, I something sort of wrongly and seem- Rico gets billions more in Federal as- have something else to say. If my col- ingly on a whim to just bow to what he sistance—billions more they cannot leagues on the other side pass this says. We should agree on the need to do justify right now. measure, the President will dare not something now to help communities Look, we all want to help the people veto it. That is my prediction. We all that are recovering from natural disas- of Puerto Rico, and I know the Pre- know the President has huffed and ters. Our amendment offers the Repub- siding Officer has been deeply involved puffed about vetoing bills in the past. licans the opportunity to do just that. in this. Congress, in its recognition of He has said he would veto ‘‘this,’’ and Nobody—no Member of this body— those needs, has already committed he has said he would veto ‘‘that.’’ Yet, should pick and choose which Amer- significant resources to the island. In in most instances, when the Repub- ican citizens get help in times of crises. fact, Puerto Rico is eligible for more licans in the Senate have stood up, he It is a profound shame that my col- than $90 billion in funding from the has caved. In this case in particular, he leagues on the other side, thus far, previous supplemental. will not want to veto legislation that have allowed the President to derail For example, FEMA estimates that helps Nebraska and Iowa and Missouri this process and have gone along with Puerto Rico will be eligible to receive and Texas and Florida. So let’s not appeasing him. I say the power of this more than $60 billion from the Disaster play this game. Chamber is greater than they realize. If Relief Fund as a result of the 2017 We all know what happened. There we vote on this package and if it passes storms; yet Puerto Rico has only spent was a bipartisan agreement. President the Senate and if it passes the House approximately $10 billion of this Trump went to the Republican lunch and reaches the President’s desk, the amount thus far. and said: No aid for Puerto Rico. That President will sign it. He will not fol- Another example is Congress has ap- is why we are in this mess, but we can low through on a veto threat even if he proved $20 billion in Community Devel- change that. It is time to call the knows that doing so will be a profound opment Block Grant—or CDBG—fund- President’s bluff. Elections have con- betrayal of his promise to look after ing for Puerto Rico—$20 billion. sequences. There is a Democratic the well-being of all Americans. In February 2018, the Department of House. The time has come for the Re- I urge the Senators to support our Housing and Urban Development allo- publicans of this Chamber and for the amendment today that gives aid to the cated $1.5 billion of this amount to the Republicans in the House to have a Middle West, to the South—those from island; yet more than a year later, it frank conversation with the President Florida to Texas—and to the people of has spent only $42,000 out of the $1.5 about what can and cannot pass the Puerto Rico. billion allocation. Still, HUD allocated Congress. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- another $8.2 billion just over a month If the President cares about farmers sent that as in legislative session, the ago. In addition, Puerto Rico has been in Iowa and Texas and Missouri and all Senate resume consideration of H.R. granted an enormous amount of flexi- American citizens who have been af- 268; that all pending amendments be bility to expend these resources. fected by natural disasters, he will not withdrawn; that Leahy amendment No. FEMA used its administrative au- veto this bill. We know that. The meas- 246 be agreed to; that the bill, as thority to extend the 100-percent Fed- ure we are presenting today isn’t some amended, be read a third time and eral cost share for emergency work in solution that has been cooked up out of passed; and that the motions to recon- Puerto Rico longer than it has for any

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:11 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.004 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2249 other disaster in more than 10 years, tinue to object to these haphazard of the American citizens—remember and not once has FEMA denied Puerto unanimous consent requests that will that they are Americans—in Puerto Rico access to funding on the basis of get us nowhere. Rico and other Territories by including its ability to provide its own share of I yield the floor. increased funding for the community the costs when required. More impor- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- development block grant and grants to tantly, even if cost share were an issue, ator from Vermont. help rebuild damaged water systems. It which I don’t believe it is, Puerto Rico Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I ask also includes Medicaid funding for the could use its ample CDBG funding to unanimous consent to speak for 6 min- Northern Mariana Islands and cost meet any cost share requirement. utes regarding the Schumer-Leahy match waivers for the Northern Mar- However, it does not appear that ac- amendment. I realize this will put off iana Islands, Guam, and American cess to resources for cost share is actu- the time slightly for the vote. Samoa. ally an issue in Puerto Rico. According The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Finally, it mandates that HUD speed to the Treasury Department, Puerto an objection? up the release of billions in previously Rico has billions of dollars in unre- Without objection, it is so ordered. appropriated CDBG funding which the stricted cash on hand. In fact, the Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I am Trump administration has unneces- Treasury Department reports it has sorry that the Republicans objected to sarily withheld from disaster-stricken $5.6 billion in unrestricted cash, to be the earlier legislation we brought up, communities in Puerto Rico, in Texas, precise. What is more, the land of Puer- which would have helped the Midwest. in Louisiana, in the U.S. Virgin Is- to Rico continues to collect tens—if It had money in it. Of course, we are lands, in Florida, in South Carolina, in not hundreds—of millions of dollars a not, by any means, asking for billions North Carolina, in West Virginia, in month because revenues are exceeding more for Puerto Rico in this amend- California, in Missouri, and in Georgia. costs on the island, which only adds to ment. In total, this amendment would We want to get help to all of those that $5.6 billion balance. add $3.2 billion, of which only $462 mil- States. Despite all of these resources, we lion is for Puerto Rico. The rest is for I am disappointed that once again have agreed that the Government of the Midwest floods, Alabama tornado, Senate Republicans have objected to Puerto Rico needs additional funding Florida, California, Georgia and other this critical assistance. We are the for nutrition assistance. My Demo- states. United States of America. We are all cratic colleagues have been in the fore- I think it is unfortunate we have Americans. We cannot pick and choose front. The question is, Why? It is that reached an impasse on the emergency which American citizens to help in this money is actually being spent. In disaster supplemental appropriations times of crisis. fact, it is running out. So not only did bill. Frankly, I was offended when the my Democratic colleagues leave folks For months, I urged Senate Repub- White House referred to Puerto Rico as in the Midwest behind when they re- lican leadership to take up and pass ‘‘that country’’ that ‘‘only takes from jected the Shelby amendment earlier H.R. 268. For nearly 3 months, it the U.S.A.’’ I would remind the White this week, but they also passed up an wouldn’t. During those 3 months, House to look at a history book. Puer- opportunity to help the people of Puer- American communities suffered, and to Rico is part of the U.S.A. These are to Rico immediately. new disasters struck the Midwest and our fellow American citizens. We in the Where do we go from here? the Southeast. The new criticism from Senate must be better than that. We I think we need to find areas of the Republican leadership was, with must stand with all American citizens agreement, which we have before in my the Democrats’ pushing for more com- in times of crisis. working with Senator LEAHY, Senator prehensive aid to Puerto Rico in H.R. I yield the floor. SCHUMER, and Senator MCCONNELL. I 268, that they must not care about the am pleased that my Democratic col- American communities that have been f leagues have discovered a newfound affected by more recent disasters. concern for the people in the Midwest. But I would remind the Chamber that EXECUTIVE CALENDAR We want to stay on that too. It is it was the Republican leadership that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under promising that we not only agree on rejected my amendment to H.R. 268 the previous order, the Senate will pro- that but also that we should provide that would have accommodated all of ceed to the consideration of the fol- funding for nutrition assistance for the these other communities. lowing nomination, which the clerk people of Puerto Rico now. Yet, when I would also remind the Chamber will report. it comes to additional funding beyond that the Trump administration has not The bill clerk read the nomination of nutrition assistance for Puerto Rico, I asked for one dime for Hurricanes Mi- Roy Kalman Altman, of Florida, to be believe that our constituents—the chael and Florence, the Alabama tor- United States District Judge for the American taxpayers—deserve a de- nadoes, or the Midwest flooding. To the Southern District of Florida. tailed explanation of exactly why ex- Trump administration, it is as though The PRESIDING OFFICER. The isting funding is insufficient and why they never happened. question is, Will the Senate advise and the resources that we have provided I have always stood with victims of consent to the Altman nomination? have not been spent. disaster around this country. When my Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, I ask for How do we know Puerto Rico needs own State of Vermont was devastated the yeas and nays. more when it hasn’t come close to by Tropical Storm Irene, Members of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a spending what we have already pro- this body came to me, not as Repub- sufficient second? vided it? Communities, meanwhile, licans or Democrats but as concerned There appears to be a sufficient sec- that experienced disasters in 2018 are American citizens looking to help, just ond. truly suffering because Congress has as I always have, whatever State it The clerk will call the roll. provided them with nothing. might be. Red State, blue State, or The bill clerk called the roll. Unless my Democratic colleagues can purple State, I have always voted to Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the demonstrate this urgency, I believe support them, and today this Senator from California (Ms. HARRIS) is they should stop holding hostage those Vermonter is here to stand with all the necessarily absent. who are suffering in the Midwest and American communities affected by re- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. those who have been impacted by disas- cent natural disasters. FISCHER). Are there any other Senators ters all over the United States. These I have not given up on finding a path in the Chamber desiring to vote? people are in urgent need of funding so forward. Today Leader SCHUMER and I The result was announced—yeas 66, they can begin the rebuilding process, offered a substitute that would provide nays 33, as follows: and many of them have been waiting $2.5 billion in new funding to address [Rollcall Vote No. 62 Ex.] for months and months for relief. the needs of communities affected by YEAS—66 I hope we can come together and the 2019 disasters, such as flooding in Alexander Blunt Burr work this out in a deliberate and fact- the Midwest and tornadoes in Alabama. Barrasso Boozman Capito based manner. Until then, I will con- It would also accommodate the needs Blackburn Braun Cardin

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:11 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.006 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2250 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 Cassidy Hoeven Roberts The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there convinced that this decision by China Collins Hyde-Smith Romney Cornyn Inhofe Rosen any other Senators in the Chamber de- and its senior officials will save thou- Cortez Masto Isakson Rounds siring to vote? sands of American lives. Cotton Johnson Rubio The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 53, The reason for this, we were told by Cramer Jones Sasse nays 46, as follows: our Drug Enforcement Agency per- Crapo Kaine Scott (FL) Cruz Kennedy Scott (SC) [Rollcall Vote No. 63 Ex.] sonnel in China, is that, one way or the Daines Lankford Shaheen YEAS—53 other, almost every bit of fentanyl that Duckworth Lee Shelby makes its way into the United States Enzi Manchin Sinema Alexander Fischer Perdue Ernst McConnell Sullivan Barrasso Gardner Portman starts in China. These chemicals are Feinstein McSally Tester Blackburn Graham Risch made and mixed there. Then they come Fischer Moran Thune Blunt Grassley Roberts through the mail. They come through Boozman Hawley Gardner Murkowski Tillis Romney Mexico, through China, many different Graham Murphy Toomey Braun Hoeven Rounds Grassley Perdue Warner Burr Hyde-Smith Rubio ways, but the chemicals start in China. Hassan Portman Wicker Capito Inhofe Sasse Every time China has made some Cassidy Isakson Hawley Risch Young Scott (FL) Collins Johnson form of fentanyl illegal, the avail- Scott (SC) NAYS—33 Cornyn Kennedy ability of that form of fentanyl in the Shelby Baldwin Heinrich Reed Cotton Lankford United States has begun to go straight Cramer Lee Sullivan Bennet Hirono Sanders Thune down. Blumenthal King Schatz Crapo McConnell Tillis Booker Klobuchar Schumer Cruz McSally What President Trump and President Toomey Brown Leahy Smith Daines Moran Xi agreed to do on May 1 is to make all Wicker Cantwell Markey Stabenow Enzi Murkowski Ernst Paul Young forms of fentanyl illegal. This means Carper Menendez Udall that if some clever scientist in China Casey Merkley Van Hollen NAYS—46 Coons Murray Warren says: Well, this form of fentanyl is ille- Durbin Paul Whitehouse Baldwin Heinrich Sanders gal, so I will make a different form Gillibrand Peters Wyden Bennet Hirono Schatz that isn’t, that clever scientist will Blumenthal Jones Schumer NOT VOTING—1 Booker Kaine Shaheen now be out of business. Harris Brown King Sinema One thing the Chinese know very Cantwell Klobuchar Smith well how to do is to police their coun- The nomination was confirmed. Cardin Leahy Stabenow try. I would not want to be the Chinese The Senator from North Carolina. Carper Manchin Tester Casey Markey Mr. TILLIS. Thank you, Madam Udall person, after May 1, who is in violation Coons Menendez President. Van Hollen of Chinese law that says all forms of Cortez Masto Merkley Warner Madam President, I ask unanimous Duckworth Murphy fentanyl are controlled substances and consent to waive the mandatory Durbin Murray Warren illegal in China. quorum call. Feinstein Peters Whitehouse In October, I led a delegation of sen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Gillibrand Reed Wyden Hassan Rosen ior Members of the House of Represent- objection? atives and the Senate to meet with the Without objection, it is so ordered. NOT VOTING—1 Chinese senior delegation. One would Mr. TILLIS. Thank you, Madam Harris have thought that all we talked about President. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas was trade because trade was important f are 53, and the nays are 46. to all of our States, but at Governor CLOTURE MOTION The motion is agreed to. Branstad’s insistence, in every meeting The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- The Senator from Tennessee. we had with senior Chinese officials, we ture motion having been presented CHINA said: Fentanyl is our biggest problem, under rule XXII, the Chair directs the Mr. ALEXANDER. Thank you, and you can solve our biggest problem clerk to read the motion. Madam President. more than anybody else in the world. The senior assistant legislative clerk Today I received a letter from the Instead of being our problem, why read as follows: U.S. Ambassador to China, Terry don’t you be our solution? Why don’t CLOTURE MOTION Branstad. Governor Branstad’s letter you let the United States point to We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- said the following: China and say that you helped us solve ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the a problem that is killing thousands of I am delighted to inform you that China’s Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby Ministry of Public Security announced China Americans on a regular basis? move to bring to a close debate on the nomi- will make all forms of fentanyl a controlled China agreed to do that in December nation of Mark Anthony Calabria, of Vir- substance effective May 1, 2019. If imple- with President Trump. It has now been ginia, to be Director of the Federal Housing mented effectively, this will fulfill the com- Finance Agency for a term of five years. announced that on May 1, all forms of mitment President Xi made to the President Mitch McConnell, Shelley Moore Capito, fentanyl will be controlled and there- at the G–20 last December in Buenos Aires. Mike Crapo, Johnny Isakson, John Cor- fore illegal. That commitment and this key development nyn, Mike Rounds, Marco Rubio, John are direct results of your visit to Beijing We should watch and make sure it is Barrasso, Pat Roberts, John Thune, during which you highlighted China’s role in effectively done, but what we should John Boozman, James E. Risch, Rich- the global opioid crisis. Separately, I have say today is: President Trump, we ard C. Shelby, Roger F. Wicker, Rich- asked my staff to share diplomatic reporting thank you for putting fentanyl on top ard Burr, Thom Tillis, John Hoeven. with you that addresses China’s action in of a busy agenda in December, and, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The greater detail. President Xi, we are grateful to you for mandatory quorum call has been That is from Ambassador Terry a decision we believe will save thou- waived. Branstad, our Ambassador to China. sands of American lives. I might add, it The question is, Is it the sense of the is very helpful to have such an effec- Senate that debate on the nomination This is important news. It will save tive Ambassador as Terry Branstad in of Mark Anthony Calabria, of Virginia, thousands of American lives. President China because he knew how to focus to be Director of the Federal Housing Trump deserves great credit for per- the attention of many visiting delega- Finance Agency for a term of five suading President Xi at their meeting tions. years, shall be brought to a close? in Argentina in December to do this, The yeas and nays are mandatory the one thing that our drug enforce- Our delegation wasn’t the only one under the rule. ment agents have said will reduce the who carried this message; Senator The clerk will call the roll. flow of fentanyl into the United States PORTMAN and others have been there. The senior assistant legislative clerk more than any other single thing. But this is an example of China re- called the roll. President Xi, the President of China, sponding to an urgent American prob- Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the deserves the thanks of the American lem, and we ought to give both Presi- Senator from California (Ms. HARRIS) is people for making this decision be- dents much more than a pat on the necessarily absent. cause our Drug Enforcement Agency is back for this important step.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:38 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A04AP6.008 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2251 HEALTHCARE ing together on developing specific, bi- rect primary care practices. This is Madam President, I often suggest to partisan steps to help deal with the where a patient might pay $60 a month Tennesseans that we should look at startling fact—which has come by way for an adult, $25 for the first child, $10 Washington as if it were a split-screen of experts who come before our Health for each child after, and receive all television. For example, last October, Committee—that up to half of what their primary care—strep tests, vac- on one screen, you would have seen Americans spend on healthcare is un- cines, minor surgical procedures, and Senators throwing food at each other necessary. That is according to Dr. more. He calls it ‘‘NetFlix for all month long over the Kavanaugh de- Brent James of the National Acad- healthcare. After you pay your mem- bate, but in another part of the Cap- emies in testimony before our com- bership, you don’t have to pay for each itol, you had 72 Senators working to- mittee. episode of care.’’ gether—Democrats, Republicans, three Last December, in order to help focus Dr. Atul Gawande, who is leading the different committees from the Senate, on reducing healthcare costs, after the Amazon-Berkshire Hathaway- five from the House—working together Senate Health Committee held five JPMorgan healthcare venture, told me to enact what the President called the hearings on reducing the cost of recently in a conversation that direct single most important law to deal with healthcare, I wrote a letter to the primary care doctors are a powerful a public health epidemic ever passed, American Enterprise Institute, the group for driving improved outcomes in and that was the opioids bill. Brookings Institution, governors, healthcare because the doctors take re- While we are arguing—which we State insurance commissioners, doc- sponsibility for the outcomes, the know how to do—on such issues as the tors, patient groups, academic experts, risks, and the cost to the patient. border or the special counsel’s report, and the public asking them to submit I also hear that the place where med- on the other screen, you will see a lot specific recommendations to Congress ical procedures are performed can of work getting done if you take time to lower healthcare costs. As of the make healthcare more expensive. For to look. That means there are bipar- March 1 deadline for response, we have example, Michael from Johnson City tisan efforts. That means Republicans received over 400 recommendations, shared that he recently had an endos- and Democrats are working together. some as many as 50 pages long. copy of his esophagus—a fairly com- It takes 60 votes to get most things I want to talk about some of those mon, routine procedure. He had the done here. We are 53 to 47. So, as I today. Before I do, it is important to procedure at an outpatient facility, learned to count in the public schools know that the cost of healthcare, in ef- which typically is less expensive than a of Tennessee, I know I need to work fect, has become a tax on the budgets hospital; however, the procedure was with some Democrats to get up to 60. of families, employers, the Federal billed as being done at a hospital. Mi- Usually, we find that when we do that, Government, and State governments. chael is on Medicare, and he wrote to we get up to 70 or 80 or 85 because we Warren Buffett has called the bal- me saying: ‘‘Not only am I charged a can take even the most difficult issues looning cost of healthcare ‘‘a hungry higher ‘‘hospital’’ rate, but taxpayers and find our way through them. tapeworm on the American economy.’’ are charged a higher rate, as well.’’ Today, I want to talk about one of Almost every day, I hear from Ten- I imagine that every Senator has those efforts—a bipartisan effort to try nesseans who are concerned that heard similar stories from people in to reduce healthcare costs. Healthcare healthcare is too expensive. For exam- their States and wants to do something and health insurance are often ple, Sherry from Hermitage, TN, wrote about reducing the cost of healthcare. conflated. We often mix them up, both me about her daughter’s family and In addition to the more than 400 com- in Congress and in media stories. The said: ments we received, the American En- President sometimes does that too. I They are new parents now and spend al- terprise Institute and Brookings sent want to be very clear that what I am most as much on healthcare premiums as us a detailed list of 18 specific policy talking about is a bipartisan working they do on their mortgage payment. That recommendations. The Senate Health effort, that healthcare itself, not just doesn’t include the out-of-pocket expenses, Committee can work on some of these. health insurance, is too expensive. such as copays and deductibles. Some of these fall into the jurisdiction Health insurance has gotten a lot of Many people worry about a surprise of other committees, and some are attention lately. The President billing, which is when a patient re- steps the administration itself can tweeted earlier this week that ceives care at an in-network hospital, take without congressional action. ‘‘deductibles, in many cases [are] way but an out-of-network specialist—like My staff and I are still reviewing all over $7,000, mak[ing] it almost worth- an anesthesiologist, for instance—also of these recommendations, but I want less or unusable.’’ I agree. High treats the patient. to mention some of them today. deductibles tied to high premiums Todd is a father from Knoxville, TN, One reason healthcare is so expensive make healthcare inaccessible for too who recently took his son to an emer- is that the cost is in a black box. Pa- many Americans. I know the President gency room after a bicycle accident. tients just don’t know how much a par- is looking at ways to give Americans The son was treated. Todd paid a $150 ticular test and procedure will cost. more affordable health insurance and copay because the emergency room was That makes it nearly impossible to to protect patients with preexisting in-network for his health insurance, adequately plan for future healthcare conditions, and I look forward to hear- and they headed home. Todd was pret- expenses, and because of that, the ing his plan. But the truth is, the cost ty surprised when he received a bill healthcare system does not operate of health insurance will not come down later for $1,800 because even though the with the discipline and the cost-saving or even grow more slowly unless we emergency room was in-network, the benefits of a real market. lower the cost of healthcare. You can’t doctor who treated his son was not. Congress has already taken some have low-cost health insurance when I hear a lot about the high cost of steps to increase transparency. For ex- you have high-cost healthcare. prescription drugs. Shirley recently ample, last Congress, we passed and the My top healthcare priority this Con- wrote me from Franklin saying: President signed legislation by Senator gress is to enact legislation that will As a 71-year-old senior with arthritis, I COLLINS of Maine to ban the so-called give all Americans an opportunity for rely on Enbrel to keep my systems in check. gag clauses in pharmacy contracts that better health outcomes and better My copay has just been increased from $95 to prevented pharmacists from telling a health experiences at a lower cost. $170 every 90 days. At this rate, I will have to patient that a drug was cheaper if they Democrats and Republicans are work- begin limiting my usage in order to balance paid with cash instead of their insur- ing together on that to get a result. the monthly budget. ance. That is why Senator MURRAY, the I hear from doctors about adminis- Now we have received recommenda- lead Democrat on the Senate’s Health trative burden. Dr. Lee Gross, a Flor- tions on how to build on that first step. Committee, and I are working with ida direct primary care doctor, testi- For example, patients shouldn’t be pro- Senator GRASSLEY and Senator WYDEN, fied at one of our hearings that insur- hibited from knowing the cost of a sur- the senior leaders on the Senate Fi- ance and government regulations were gery or a doctor’s visit in advance of nance Committee, which shares juris- making primary care too expensive. scheduling the procedure or appoint- diction over healthcare. We are work- Dr. Gross founded one of the first di- ment. Insurers and employers should

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:16 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.012 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2252 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 not be prohibited from providing pa- health savings accounts to pay for the are interoperable. Finally, there is the tients with information recommending monthly direct primary care fee. consolidation of healthcare. lower cost options or higher quality Then there is drug pricing. Many rec- We received comments on the de- providers. ommendations are focused on reducing creasing choices and competition in Another recommendation—this one what we spend on prescription drugs, the healthcare system, which is when from AEI and Brookings—is that em- which is about 17 percent of all hospitals merge with doctors’ offices or ployers contribute claims data—which healthcare spending. other hospitals, when insurers merge is information on how much a test or One way is reforming prescription with other insurers, or when hospitals service costs and how much insurance drug rebates, the discounts that phar- and insurers merge so that these hos- paid for it—to what is known as an all macy benefit managers negotiate with pitals or insurers have even more con- payer claims database. Eighteen States pharmaceutical companies. The Trump trol over the market. currently have these databases so em- administration has proposed a new rule Some argue that the consolidation in ployers and insurers can see trends in for the $29 billion rebates on prescrip- healthcare can benefit patients and healthcare spending. This would help tion drugs that the government pays lower costs. Others say that it gives break open the black box around the for through Medicare Part D. One rec- patients fewer options and that claims data for the 181 million Ameri- ommendation is to expand that to the healthcare prices increase. cans who get their healthcare on the estimated $40 billion of rebates nego- AEI and Brookings suggested that job. tiated in the private market. one way to address the potential nega- One of our new Health Committee Another way to lower drug prices is tive consequences of consolidation Members, Senator BRAUN of Indiana, to increase competition through ge- would be to improve oversight of the owns a manufacturing and distribution neric drugs, which can be up to 85 per- 340B drug discount program, which has company. He employed over 1,000 peo- cent less expensive than brand drugs been found to incentivize hospitals to ple before he became a Senator. He was when there are multiple approved purchase physician practices or to em- aggressive about helping his employees generics. I have heard concerns about ploy physicians directly in order to reduce healthcare costs. brand drug companies not providing ge- bring in additional revenue from the Healthcare Bluebook, a Tennessee neric companies the samples needed to 340B discounts. This echoes what we company that testified at one of our make generic drugs and other ways heard at our committee’s three hear- five hearings on how to reduce that brands delay drug competition. ings. healthcare costs, recommended that we It was recommended that we increase I am also asking for other Senators look at the clauses in contracts em- competition for the generic versions of to continue to come forward to Senator ployers sign with insurers that block biologic drugs, which are called MURRAY, to Senator WYDEN, to Senator the employer from accessing de-identi- biosimilars. One way to do that may be GRASSLEY, and to me with their spe- fied claims data that they could use with a bill Senator COLLINS introduced cific proposals as to how we can reduce ‘‘for purpose of price and quality trans- to ensure that biosimilar manufactur- healthcare costs. What I hope to do is parency.’’ ers have access to the information they to compile the proposals that fall The Trump administration is also fo- need to develop and bring to market under the jurisdiction of our Senate cused on transparency. For example, more biosimilars. HELP Committee into a package of Secretary Azar has proposed a regula- Then there is surprise billing. legislation that the committee will tion to start requiring that advertise- AEI and Brookings also rec- vote on early in the summer. We could ments for prescription drugs include ommended we focus on helping to then combine that with whatever the the list price, and he has asked for eliminate surprise medical billing, Senate Finance Committee passes and feedback on the idea of requiring that which is what happened when Todd, of ask the leader to put it on the Senate the prices patients pay for medical Knoxville, took his son to the emer- floor and work with the House to send services also be disclosed. gency room. AEI and Brookings said legislation to the President’s desk. Another strategy for achieving better the issue is not that insurance compa- This morning, in a hearing before the outcomes and better experiences at nies have limited doctors and hospitals Appropriations Committee, Secretary lower costs is to focus on the 300,000 in their networks but that emergency Azar reiterated his support and the primary care doctors in our country. departments and ancillary physicians, President’s support for this bipartisan Dr. Sapna Kripalani of Vanderbilt tes- as well as hospitalists and ambulance process to reduce health care costs. tified at one of our healthcare cost companies, have a lucrative out-of-net- My staff and I will continue to review hearings that primary care providers work billing arrangement that is un- recommendations and work with other are the ‘‘quarterbacks’’ of healthcare. available to other providers, which en- Members to incorporate ways so that By coordinating patients’ care, man- courages doctors to go out of network Americans like Sherry, Todd, Shirley, aging their chronic diseases, and pro- and send patients high bills. Senator and Michael will have better outcomes viding other preventive care, primary CASSIDY and Senator HASSAN are lead- and better experiences at lower costs. care doctors are able to help patients ing the way to help eliminate surprise I yield the floor. stay healthy and out of the emergency billing. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. room. We received comments about the im- YOUNG). The Senator from Virginia. Adam Boehler, who leads the Center portance of the seamless exchange of Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, information between electronic health unanimous consent to speak as in told me that while primary care ac- records, which includes stopping infor- morning business. counts for only 3 to 7 percent of mation blocking. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without healthcare spending, it can affect as A goal of the 21st Century Cures Act, objection, it is so ordered. much as half of all healthcare spend- which is a bipartisan bill that Senator MUELLER REPORT ing. MCCONNELL said was the most impor- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, 2 weeks One recommendation we received tant bill that Congress, was to make it ago, after almost 2 years, Special Coun- came from Dr. Gilliam, a primary care easier for patients to access their sel Mueller filed his report with the At- doctor in West Tennessee who runs a health records and for doctors and hos- torney General. The Attorney General direct primary care practice—the same pitals to get the information they need sent us a short letter that summarized type of practice I mentioned earlier to treat patients. Last month, the De- the major findings of the report. that Dr. Gross runs. Dr. Gilliam said: partment of Health and Human Serv- A summary is not going to cut it. ‘‘[Direct primary care] is the only ices released two proposed rules re- The Attorney General’s own letter dis- model that is able to offer affordable quired by the Cures Act to lead to bet- cusses the vast extent of the special healthcare with complete price trans- ter coordinated care and to less unnec- counsel’s investigation. It mentions parency.’’ essary health care. We held a hearing over 500 witness interviews, 2,800 sub- One suggestion we have heard is to on those last week. We heard a story of poenas, 500 search warrants, 230 orders change Internal Revenue Service rules the better experiences and outcomes for communications records, almost 50 that block Americans from using their that can happen when health records orders for pen registers, and actually 13

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:16 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.013 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2253 requests to foreign governments. This Some observers have said that the re- agencies and other spy agencies to get was an extraordinarily extensive inves- port cannot be released without its them to do his dirty work. tigation that yielded a rich collection jeopardizing sources and methods. Let We do know now that John Brennan, of facts about Russia’s attack on our me be clear. As vice chair of the Senate who had the power to listen to every democracy. The American people de- Intelligence Committee, no one is more American’s phone call and who had the serve to see the results so that they sensitive to those concerns than am I, power to listen to every person’s phone can judge the facts for themselves. but the resolution that we have specifi- call in the entire world, is a rank par- We know from court filings, news re- cally states that the report should be tisan. We now know that John Brennan ports, and the Senate Intelligence released to the public in accordance has called the President a traitor, es- Committee’s own investigations that with the law. Clearly, sources and sentially saying the President should the Russians attempted to influence methods would not be released under be put to death. This is the guy who the Trump campaign in many ways. At this standard, nor would grand jury in- was in charge of this investigation. least 17 individuals in the Trump orbit formation. This isn’t an objective person. We need had over 100 publicly released contacts What we are talking about here is to know about all of the communica- with Russian officials or inter- basic transparency. Let’s make sure tions. mediaries. Yet, with all of those 100 the full Mueller report is released to So I ask unanimous consent that we contacts during the midst of a cam- Congress, including the underlying doc- modify this resolution and that we find paign, somehow not one of those indi- uments and intelligence. Then let’s out about and gain access to all of the viduals—even those contacted with ex- make sure the American people see as communications between Comey, Bren- plicit offers of assistance from a hos- much of this report as possible and as nan, Clapper, the White House, and tile government—called the FBI to re- soon as possible. Let’s do it in a bipar- President Obama, because I don’t want port those offers. tisan way to protect sources and meth- to ruin this great country with politi- The Attorney General’s four-page ods. cally motivated investigations year in summary of this sprawling investiga- UNANIMOUS CONSENT REQUEST—H. CON. RES. 24 and year out. tion—a summary that according to Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- This had to do with placing spies and press reports may not even accurately sent that as in legislative session, the infiltrating the Trump campaign. Do reflect the Mueller report—focuses al- Senate proceed to the immediate con- you really think that our intelligence most exclusively on the criminal por- sideration of H. Con. Res. 24, expressing Agencies should be infiltrating each tion of the Mueller probe and barely the sense of Congress that the report of other’s campaigns? mentions the special counsel’s counter- Special Counsel Mueller should be I don’t want this to happen to a Dem- intelligence investigation into these made available to the public and to ocrat. When President Trump came to contacts. Congress, and which is at the desk; fur- the Hill a week ago, he said that this The Senate Intelligence Committee— shouldn’t happen to the next Demo- with the only bipartisan counterintel- ther, that the concurrent resolution be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to, cratic President. We should not misuse ligence investigation still standing— the power of our intelligence Agencies has documented extensive efforts by and the motions to reconsider be con- sidered made and laid upon the table to have one party go after another. the Russians to reach out to those How can we get on with the people’s around then-Candidate Trump. Here with no intervening action or debate. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there business if we are allowing the govern- are a few examples: ment to be consumed with this kind of We have documented in the public objection? stuff? domain Candidate Trump’s efforts to The Senator from Kentucky. Mr. PAUL. Mr. President, in reserv- I ask unanimous consent that we negotiate a business deal to build what ing the right to object, I am all for amend the resolution and look at the was going to be called the largest transparency. I think we should know entire story—not just at the investiga- building in all of Russia. He negotiated as much about this investigation into tion but at how we got here. The media that deal throughout the whole pri- wouldn’t even print this fake dossier mary process. According to his attor- the President as we possibly can. We do because it was so scandalous and so ney Mr. Giuliani, it may have been ne- know that we only know part of the unverified and has turned out to be un- gotiated all the way through the elec- story and that the Mueller report is true. Yet this was the basis for begin- tion. The deal itself may not have vio- only part of the story. What we also lated any laws. Yet, frankly, I think, if need to know is how this originated be- ning the investigation. This was the I were a Republican primary voter, I cause I think it is very important that basis for doing something extraor- would have liked to have known that we not turn our country into this back- dinary—implanting spies and inform- my potential Presidential candidate and-forth where each successive party ants into the Trump campaign. was still trying to do a deal with Vladi- tries to use the apparatus of govern- UNANIMOUS CONSENT REQUEST MODIFICATION— mir Putin’s government. ment to investigate the previous Presi- H. CON. RES. 24 In our investigation, we also had ex- dent. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- posed ongoing communications be- We do know now that the investiga- sent that we amend the resolution and tween the President’s campaign chair- tion of the Trump campaign reached to that as the Mueller report comes for- man, Mr. Manafort, and Konstantin the highest levels of the White House, ward, we also come forward with all of Kilimnik, who has ties with both Rus- all the way up to President Obama. the communications between the peo- sian intelligence and oligarch Oleg What we don’t know is, was President ple who got this started and we dis- Deripaska. Obama told that the evidence to get cover once and for all whether or not Our committee has made multiple this investigation started was paid for these people have misused their offices criminal referrals to the special pros- by the Hillary Clinton campaign? We in starting this investigation. ecutor based on what we have learned need to know that. That is not part of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the and witnesses’ efforts to lie to us and the Mueller report, but that is some- Senator from Virginia wish to modify to obstruct our investigation. thing that I am asking that we should his request? This is what a counterintelligence in- attach to this resolution. We need to Mr. WARNER. In reserving the right vestigation is all about. We need to know, was President Obama told that to object, I would simply point out to fully understand what the Russians this information came from the Hillary my colleague from Kentucky that the were trying to do, and we need to be Clinton campaign? intelligence community, in its January able to warn future campaigns and can- We do not yet know whether John 2017 report, reached a unanimous con- didates about the lengths to which hos- Brennan was involved and to what de- clusion. That conclusion was that Rus- tile governments will go and the new gree. We do not know whether John sia massively interfered in our elec- tools they will use to undermine our Brennan colluded with British spy tions. Russia did it in the form of hack- democracy. I believe we cannot make agencies to spy on Americans. It is ille- ing into personal information and re- that full guidance to future campaigns gal for our CIA to spy on Americans. leasing it subjectively, and Russia did without there being a full release of We don’t yet know whether John Bren- it in terms of at least touching the this report. nan was colluding with British spy electoral systems in 21 of our States in

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:16 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.015 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2254 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 ways that, frankly, found a great deal These allies are our friends in times of to fight alongside U.S. forces on the of vulnerabilities. Russia also did it in peace, they are our partners in times of frontlines of the war on terror. NATO ways that manipulated social media turmoil, and they are our defenders in supported U.S. sanctions against Rus- that, quite honestly, caught our Intel- times of war. sia and insisted on Russia’s compliance ligence Committee and the social In armed conflicts around the world, with international law. Without a media companies off guard. NATO serves as a force multiplier for doubt, NATO is the most successful se- Our Intelligence Committee spent a all of its members. After the Sep- curity alliance in our Nation’s history. year in its review of the conclusions of tember 11, 2001, attacks, NATO allies The United States remains as com- the intelligence community, and in sent tens of thousands of troops to mitted to NATO’s mission today as January of 2018, it unanimously agreed fight alongside our U.S. forces in Af- when it was founded 70 years ago. We that the intelligence community’s ghanistan. NATO is helping the United want a strong NATO serving as a cor- findings were correct—that the Rus- States defeat ISIS in Iraq and in Syria, nerstone of international freedom, sians interfered and that they did it on and its role in the global war on ter- peace, and security for another 70 behalf of one candidate, Mr. Trump, rorism continues to expand. years. against another candidate, Mrs. Clin- At the same time, NATO members I yield the floor. ton. are working together in Eastern Eu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- For those reasons, I respectfully ob- rope to deter Russian aggression. ator from Pennsylvania. ject to the request of my colleague NATO isn’t just protecting Europe NOMINATION OF MARK ANTHONY CALABRIA from Kentucky. from Russian interference; it is serving Mr. TOOMEY. Mr. President, earlier The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there U.S. security interests in the region. today, the Senate invoked cloture on objection to the original request? Given the emerging threats around the nomination for the next Director of The Senator from Kentucky. the globe, NATO must have the tools the Federal Housing Finance Agency. Mr. PAUL. Mr. President, I object. and the resources it needs to deter our The nominee is named Mark Calabria, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- enemies. This means that all members and I just want to say he is an extraor- tion is heard. need to recommit themselves to dinarily qualified and capable man. I Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, in clos- NATO’s mission and fully meet their hope this body will overwhelmingly ing, I hope we can move past this. The pledges. confirm him. President himself has called for the re- Secretary Stoltenberg has focused on He is a Ph.D. economist. He has tre- lease of the report. In a rare stroke of meeting alliance targets through mendous work experience in the field unanimity, the House voted 420 to 0. I ‘‘cash, capabilities, and contributions.’’ of housing finance, which of course is think many in this body would like to That is what we discussed in Belgium, the domain of the Federal Housing move beyond this issue. The only way it is what he discussed yesterday, and Agency. He has worked at HUD, the we are going to be able to move beyond that has been his focus—cash, capabili- Banking Committee, and now he is the this is to get this report released, to ties and contributions. chief economist to Vice President get it out to the American public, and At the Wales summit in 2014, every PENCE. to let those of us who are charged with I am certainly looking forward to NATO country agreed to spend a min- the intelligence community’s respon- working with Dr. Calabria on housing imum of 2 percent of their GDP on de- sibilities see all of the report, includ- finance reform, the great unfinished fense. The United States continues to ing the underlying documents. I hope work of the financial crisis, and I urge pay more than its fair share—about 22 we can get to that point. my colleagues to vote to confirm him percent of NATO’s entire budget and I yield the floor. later today. more than 3 percent of our Nation’s The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- UNREALIZED GAIN PROPOSAL GDP. ator from Wyoming. Mr. President, I also wanted to say a President Trump, to his credit, has NATO few words about an idea that has been pressed NATO and our allies to bear Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, yes- floated by one of our colleagues. The the full share of their burden, both fi- terday NATO Secretary General Jens idea has been floated by my friend—he nancially and militarily. NATO’s Sec- Stoltenberg addressed a joint session of is my friend, and he is a good man— retary General projects that the alli- Congress—the first Secretary General Senator WYDEN from Oregon. He is the ance will spend $100 billion more on de- ever to do so. ranking member of the Senate Finance fense by the year 2020. The Secretary General is in Wash- Committee, and he is a very good man Now, 22 NATO nations have already ington this week marking NATO’s 70th with a very bad idea, and I want to ex- increased their defense spending since anniversary. Created after World War plain why I believe the idea that he has the 2014 summit in Wales. In 2014, only II, NATO is a political and military al- floated is so mistaken. liance of European and North Amer- three allies met the Wales summit Fundamentally, his proposal is that ican democracies. spending target; seven met that target we change our Tax Code so that we Since its founding in 1949, NATO has in 2018. Still, 22 allies are falling short would impose taxes on unrealized in- been a bulwark for freedom, for peace, of the 2 percent target. They must con- vestment gains every year. and for security around the world. For tribute more if the alliance is to meet Currently, we impose taxes on invest- 70 years—70 years—NATO has been a its financial goals and provide a capa- ments only when the asset is sold. If an bedrock of U.S. security. ble and credible deterrent. asset is purchased, it is later sold at a The United States stands firmly be- This is especially important as NATO higher price. The difference is the gain, hind NATO’s collective defense out- faces more formidable foes. It is crit- and we impose what we call a capital lined in article 5 of its founding treaty. ical for their contributions to fund gains tax on that gain—but only when As a member of the Senate Foreign military readiness, to develop new ca- the gain is actually realized. Relations Committee and the Senate pabilities, and to improve alliance co- Under Senator WYDEN’s proposal, if NATO Observer Group, I recently trav- hesion. an asset goes up in value, even though eled to Brussels, Belgium, for meetings NATO allies and partners are increas- it hasn’t been sold, the fact that it has at NATO headquarters. ingly involved in terms of doing more gone up in value would require that in- I met with Ambassador Hutchison with their troop contributions as well. crease in value to be taxed. The inves- and NATO officials to discuss ways to Allies and partners now contribute tor would have to pay a tax. strengthen the alliance. more than half the troops in NATO There is another element of his pro- These briefings reaffirmed for me missions. posal, which is that these taxes that he that now, more than ever, America We have made real progress on bur- wants to impose on these phantom needs a strong NATO alliance. For our den sharing, and today we celebrate 70 gains would not be at the capital gains safety, for the safety of our allies, we years of NATO achievements. NATO tax rate that is currently enforced but must support and we must strengthen has helped bring about the democratic rather at personal income tax rates in- NATO. and economic transformation of Cen- stead. The alliance has expanded from an tral and Eastern Europe. NATO has en- The current capital gains rate is 23.8 original 12 to now 29 member nations. abled European and Canadian soldiers percent. That is the top. That is the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:16 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.016 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2255 highest capital gains rate that is paid. have on ordinary income, other sources In 2018, our economy grew at 3 per- The highest personal income tax rate of incomes? Well, there are several rea- cent—the best since 2005. With a in our Tax Code is 37 percent. So in sons for that, as well—good reasons. strong, growing economy, we have seen some circumstances, this would be a One is we don’t exclude from our cal- terrific results for the people we all huge tax increase. culation of an investor’s gain the com- represent. Unemployment is at its low- Let me explain why I think both of ponent of that gain that is attributable est rate in 50 years. African-American these are very bad ideas—taxing unre- only to inflation. Think about it. If unemployment is the lowest that has alized gains and taxing all gains at or- you make an investment in something ever been recorded; Hispanic unem- dinary income rates. and the inflation rate is just 2 percent ployment, the lowest ever recorded; First of all, let’s take the idea of a year, well, 10 years later, that is youth unemployment, the lowest rate taxes on unrealized gains. These are going to nominally be worth like 25 in many decades. Wages are now grow- the paper gains. This is a market-to- percent more than it was when you ing more rapidly than they have in market appreciation that is unrealized bought it, but you don’t have any real over 10 years, and they are accel- if the investor doesn’t actually sell the gain; that is just a reflection of the erating, and the wage growth is strong- asset. Well, there is a good reason that fact that dollars are worth less. est among lower income workers. our system has never imposed taxes on So as a sort of rough justice for the Clearly, the reforms we implemented unrealized gains; there are several, but fact that you nevertheless get taxed on have been an incentive for more invest- one is the value of the asset could go the full gain, even the nominal gain, ment, and that has led to more growth. back down. the gain that is not real, the gain that I sure wouldn’t want to see us do any- One very widely held asset in Amer- is just inflation, at least it is taxed at thing that would disrupt the fact that ica is stocks—stocks that you can buy a lower rate to make up for that. we have created an environment where on an exchange, a share of a company— There is another factor, and that is there is now so much opportunity and and stocks famously go up and down. most investments are in an asset that where work is paying so much more So I think it strikes most people as un- itself generates income, and that in- than it has before. come is taxed. So, for instance, a reasonable to force people to pay a tax As I said, Senator WYDEN is a good stock—a stock is a share of a company; on this notional gain on a stock with- man, but this is a bad idea. I certainly a company has to pay tax. So imagine out having sold it when that stock hope we don’t move in this direction. an investor who invests in a company could go back down. The gain could be I yield the floor. and that company makes $100 of in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- completely lost, but you would still come. That is the profit for the busi- ator from North Carolina. pay the tax. ness. Well, the first thing that business There is another problem with this; NATO has to do is pay 21 percent of that to that is, the tax would be imposed with- Mr. TILLIS. Mr. President, I want to Uncle Sam. That is the tax on cor- out a liquidity event for the investor. speak briefly about a historic day, porate income. Well, that leaves $79 In other words, the investor hasn’t sold April 4. It was the day the agreement left over for the investors, and the in- the asset, doesn’t have the cash. What in Washington was signed to create the vestor has to pay 23.8 percent on that. if the investor doesn’t have enough NATO alliance after the Second World That works out to about $19. So at the cash to pay the tax bill on it? This risk War. end of the day, on a $100 hundred gain, I want to start by repeating what alone would have a chilling effect on the investor is able to go home with President Truman said on that day. He investment. It would discourage people only $60. That is a 40-percent effective said: from making the investment in the tax rate to the investor, despite the We hope to create a shield against aggres- first place because they would have to fact that the nominal rate applied on sion and the fear of aggression—all bulwark wonder and worry about what kind of the investor’s gain is only 23.8 percent. which will permit us to get on with the real tax bill they will incur even if they The combination—and that is what you business of government and society, the don’t sell the asset. really have to look at—is more like 40 business of achieving a fuller and happier life for all of our citizens. Yet another problem with this is the percent. That is higher than any indi- complexity and difficulty of actually vidual income tax rate that we have in That agreement was signed on April implementing this. It is pretty easy to our entire code. 4, 1949. Since the 70 years that have fol- determine the value of a stock, but Of course, a gain on such an asset oc- lowed, the alliance has gotten stronger. there are other categories of invest- curs only when investors generally be- The alliance has grown. In fact, there ment that are much more difficult to lieve that the after-tax value has gone are a number of countries that hope value, like real estate or a small busi- up. someday to also be a member of the ness. So I think it would be a big mistake NATO alliance. It has been important So imagine an entrepreneur buys a to go down this road. I think it would and what I believe is the most impor- small building and builds it out and be a big mistake to tax unrealized tant alliance in the history of man- creates a restaurant, and that is his gains. As it is now, gains are taxed. kind. business. He is operating a restaurant. They are taxed at the time in which This week is NATO Week. Yesterday It may be profitable; it may not be. they are actually earned—they are ac- we had the Secretary General speak to But what if real estate values in that tually realized—and it would be a mis- us before a joint session of Congress. neighborhood happen to go up? Well, take to raise the tax on this. Both of The Secretary General was actually here you might have a struggling en- these ideas, and certainly in combina- very optimistic about the future of trepreneur trying to make ends meet tion, would absolutely, certainly have NATO, and I am as well. in his restaurant, and the IRS is going a chilling effect on investment. They I was with a group a couple of weeks to come along and say: Oh, you owe us would diminish the willingness of peo- ago who were wondering about NATO a whole lot of money because we think ple to invest in new businesses, in and some of the discussions or dis- the land on which you are operating growing business, in startup business, agreements we have among our NATO has gone up in value. and a chilling effect on investment allies. I liken it to the kind of disagree- What good does that do for the res- means a chilling effect on economic ments I have with family. I grew up in taurant operator or the people working growth. a family of six kids. It is a big family. for him, the jobs being created? It is So this proposal, I think, is mis- All of us have very different views, are not a good idea at all. guided. It comes at a time when the of very different ages and life experi- There is another aspect to Senator tax reform that we have recently ences. I really believe the disagree- WYDEN’s proposal, and that is that he passed, which actually encourages in- ments we have among our allies are would use a higher rate. He would like vestment, is clearly working. Our tax like the disagreements you have among the top rate of 37 percent to be im- reform has generated a tremendous your family members, but at the end of posed, at least in some cases, on these surge in investment in equipment, in the day, make no mistake about it, an capital gains, whether or not realized. technology, in new business. We have attack on any one of us is viewed as an So the question is, Why do we have a seen tremendous growth in our overall attack on every one of us, and every lower tax rate on capital gains than we economy as a result. country takes that seriously.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:16 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.018 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2256 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 In fact, in the 70 years since NATO bulwark against aggression and threats being nominated for the Federal Hous- was created—there is an obligation to freedom. ing Finance Agency. It is a critical job. within article 5 of the agreement that I look forward to continuing to serve We know we have a housing afford- if there is an attack on any one of us, with Co-Chair SHAHEEN to make sure ability crisis in this country. Think then we consider it an attack on every our partners know this Congress is pre- about this. One-fourth of all renters one of us. It happened on 9/11. The only pared to support them and to make pay at least half of their income in time in the history of the alliance that sure the alliance grows and remains housing costs. That is one-fourth of the article 5 obligation under the trea- strong. people who rent. I assume it may be ty has been exercised is when NATO Thank you. higher in Indiana, as it is in Appa- countries joined with the United States The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- lachia, OH, or it may be higher in East in the War on Terror. ator from Ohio. Cleveland or in Gary than it is in some Many people may not realize it, but NOMINATION OF MARK ANTHONY CALABRIA other places, but whatever the number, there was a huge human toll for living Mr. BROWN. Thank you, Mr. Presi- overall, one-quarter of renters in this up to their commitment. Many nations dent. country pay 50 percent of their income sent their men and women into harm’s I rise in opposition to the nomination in housing. Do you know what that way, and over 1,000 of them have died of Mark Calabria. He is the wrong man means? It means that if your car since 9/11. Many others have been for this job. breaks down, you have to borrow gravely wounded, but they lived up to Sometimes I kind of can’t believe money from a payday lender so you can their commitment. It was the first test this place. I see these people. I see the go to work so you can keep making $12 of the treaty. That happened only less President of the United States, who or $14 an hour. It eventually means you than 20 years ago. never really experienced any of these may get evicted because you can’t Senator SHAHEEN and I are now co- challenges that homeowners in Cleve- meet your monthly rent. chairs of the Senate NATO Observer land, OH, or in Muncie, IN, face. He The homeownership rate among Afri- Group. I want to compliment Senator can’t even get a loan from a local bank; can Americans is at the same dismal SHAHEEN for actually coming up with he has to go to Germany to go to Deut- level it was before Congress put those the idea to reconstitute the group be- sche Bank. That is really beside the open housing, anti-discrimination laws cause we need to make sure our part- point. in place, and now this administration ners, our allies, understand that Con- I just don’t understand, when we is not even enforcing those laws. gress believes NATO is a very impor- have these academicians or people who Mr. Calabria doesn’t think we need tant alliance to ensure our mutual work in government for a while, and the current affordable housing goals. safety and security. then they go out and they do these He thinks we should eliminate the There was another interesting point writings, and over time—I look at GSEs, and—my favorite—he called that the Secretary General made in his someone like Mark Calabria. He seems homeowners who are underwater in speech yesterday before Congress. like a genuinely nice fellow and an their mortgages deadbeats. Some people have criticized President honorable guy, but some of the things I don’t know if he has ever actually Trump for telling our partners that he said and has written in his career— been to Ohio. He might have. He might they need to pay their agreed-to fair let me start with this. He questions the have ties there, for all I know. I don’t share. The Secretary General said the need for the 30-year mortgage. A lot of know that he does, but 8 years ago in President’s call has actually been an- Members of Congress, a lot of people Ohio, one out of five homeowners was swered and that it was a positive step voting on this nomination, and a lot of underwater. You know what that that he took to make these other na- people in the White House—the White means. It means they owed more for tions recognize we must invest in our House looks like a retreat for Wall their house than their home was worth. mutual defense and our mutual secu- Street executives. The majority lead- It wasn’t their fault. It is not their rity. That can only come through inno- er’s office down the hall has a stream fault that in their community the vating technologies that will defend of lobbyists going in and out from the worth of their home was dropping. It is the regions within the NATO alliance, banks and the oil companies and the not because they didn’t keep it up, but making sure our troops are working to- gun lobbyists and all that. it is because people were foreclosed on gether and working very well on a mili- Mr. Calabria has said he questions or homes were abandoned or they were tary-to-military basis, and we are the need for a 30-year mortgage. Many evicted from those homes, and the doing that, but without that sustained of my colleagues here and in the White value kept dropping so they actually commitment from our NATO allies, we House don’t really have to worry about owed more than their home was worth. could lose ground, and it is in their paying their mortgage. They don’t He calls those people deadbeats. best interest to do it. have to think about saving for retire- Somebody who loses their job and As I said earlier, NATO is growing. ment and planning for retirement and can’t pay their mortgage, does that We have a long list of countries that thinking: I have 7 years until I want to make them a deadbeat? Somebody who hope they can meet the requirements retire; I have 14 years to save money gets hurt on a construction project, he to someday come into NATO. Many of for my children to go on to college, to or she is a carpenter or a boilermaker, them were within the sphere of influ- go to Lorain Community College, or to and they can’t work—he calls them ence for the Soviet Union before the go to Dennis Center, or to Ohio State, deadbeats? This is the person we want end of the Cold War. or to go to Bloomington, or to go the in charge of housing? We all know Russia is the greatest University of Indiana. He questioned the need for the Hard- threat to Europe. We all know Russia Mr. Calabria’s questioning of 30-year est Hit Fund. I know, in the Presiding has done things that are illegal, ac- mortgages—most people can’t afford to Officer’s State and in my State, that cording to international law. They buy a house if they don’t have a long- the Hardest Hit Fund really has have annexed the Crimean region of term 25- or 30-year mortgage. They mattered in helping clean up some the Ukraine. Every week, Ukrainians can’t put 50 percent down, like it was neighborhoods and trying to get a floor are dying in a war that very few people before Franklin Roosevelt, and then under prices so they start going up know about. We have to make sure pay it off in 5 years. That is how we did again. that we actually confront Russian ag- homeownership in this country 70, 80, He said: Just let prices fall. It is easy gression, and the best way to do that is or 90 years ago. That is why there for him to say to just let prices fall. to have a strong NATO alliance. wasn’t much homeownership then, and How about the people who are affected On this historic day, April 4, 70 years then we figured out how to do it. by this? later, I believe the alliance is strong. I Mark Calabria just wants to blow all My colleagues who support his nomi- believe that is what the Secretary Gen- that up and say: I don’t really like the nation today shouldn’t act surprised eral talked about yesterday, and I be- idea of a 30-year mortgage. when he raises costs for borrowers, lieve every Member of Congress shares He is not being nominated for the when he makes it more difficult to de- the view that the NATO treaty, the Secretary of the Interior. He is not velop affordable housing, and when he NATO alliance, is the most important being nominated for the EPA. He is cuts off access to homeownership for

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:16 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.019 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2257 American families, especially people of He and his wife Stacy are the parents each year to honor the dedicated men color. of two little girls, Kaylee, age 7, and and women of the Illinois State Police. That is what he has advocated his en- Zoe, age 5. As Brendan Kelly, now the acting di- tire career. We should reject Dr. Chris Lambert, in fact, was the first rector of the Illinois State Police said: Calabria’s nomination. We should tell Illinois State trooper killed this year. ‘‘In 97 years, 69 men and women of the the President of the United States to It was January 12. He had just finished Illinois State Police bravely put on send us a new nominee who will take his shift and was on his way home their uniforms to serve the citizens of this job seriously and a nominee who when he stopped during a snowstorm to this State and never returned home.’’ will make it easier, not harder, for help at the scene of a three-car acci- But this is the first time in 66 years Americans to afford housing. dent on Interstate 294 in Northbrook. that the Illinois State Police have lost I ask for a ‘‘no’’ vote for the nomina- Another driver, apparently trying to three state troopers in 1 year, and the tion of Mark Calabria to head the Fed- avoid the pileup, swerved onto the left year is only a few months over. eral Housing Finance Agency. shoulder of the highway, where Troop- State police are uncertain what is I yield the floor. er Lambert was standing, and hit him driving this deadly trend, but Lucy I suggest the absence of a quorum. and killed him. Kuelper—and I would like to show you The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Trooper Lambert was 34 years old. her photograph here. clerk will call the roll. He, too, was an Army veteran. He Mr. SCHUMER. I will hold it up. The bill clerk proceeded to call the served in Iraq and Haiti. He had been Mr. DURBIN. Lucy Kuelper, a sixth grader from rural Rio, IL, hopes that roll. with the Illinois State Police since Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask 2013. she may have a way to stop the terrible losses. unanimous consent that the order for He and his wife Halley were parents I thank the Senator from New York. the quorum call be rescinded. of a 14-month-old daughter, Delaney. The driver who hit him has been Lucy is just 12 years old, but she The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without knows the fear of watching someone objection, it is so ordered. charged with felony reckless homicide. What makes the deaths of these three you love go to work and the worry that ‘‘MOVE OVER’’ LAW public servants—these three heroes— you might never see them again. Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, yester- even harder to bear is that our State of Lucy’s dad, her hero, John Kuelper, is day in Warren, IL, a small town on the Illinois passed a law nearly 20 years also a State trooper. Illinois-Wisconsin border, mourners When Lucy learned about the number ago that was supposed to make roads from near and far lined the streets and of State troopers who had been hit and safer for police and other emergency packed the town’s high school to say killed recently, she asked her dad: responders. good-bye to a local hero. They came to It is called the ‘‘Move Over’’ Law or What can I do? Together, they came up with an idea. honor and bid farewell to an Illinois Scott’s Law. It was named after the With help from her mom, Jessica, Lucy State trooper, Brooke Jones-Story, Chicago Fire Department lieutenant, created a Facebook page to raise who was killed in the line of duty last Scott Gillen, who was killed in 2000 by awareness about Scott’s Law. She calls Thursday. a drunken driver while working on a Trooper Jones-Story had pulled over her page the Move Over Project. crash scene on the Chicago freeway. She posted the photo, shown here, of a truck a little after noon and was in- Scott’s Law requires motorists to herself standing next to her dad, hold- specting it on the shoulder of U.S. slow down, and, if possible, move over ing up a sign that says hashtag ‘‘move Highway 20 in Freeport, just west of when they see a parked squad car, fire over . . . for my DAD.’’ Rockford, IL, when a semitrailer engine, or ambulance with flashing crashed into her squad car and the She asked other loved ones in the po- lights. If you can’t change lanes, slow lice force and other emergency services truck she had stopped. The squad car down and proceed cautiously. That is and truck she had pulled over burst to post similar photos with hashtag what Scott’s Law says. ‘‘move over for . . .’’ and fill in the into flames. Trooper Jones-Story, a de- It was expanded in 2017 to include all blank. voted public servant, 11-year veteran of vehicles stopped with hazard lights on, the Illinois State police, wife, step- In 5 days, Lucy’s Facebook page re- including tow trucks. Violators can ceived more than 14,000 ‘‘likes.’’ People mother, daughter, sister, lifelong fan of lose their license and face stiff fines— have sent in photos from all over the the Chicago Cubs, fan of Disney mov- up to $10,000. country. They want people to move ies, animal rescuer, and a CrossFit Every State has some form of Scott’s over for their dads, moms, sisters, workout enthusiast, died instantly. Law. Police and other first responders brothers, uncles, and friends. There are She was 34 years old. No one else was in many States are working to draw at- photos of firefighters, police officers, injured. tention to these laws and to enforce EMTs, and tow truck drivers standing Sadly and unbelievably, Trooper them. next to spouses, children, infants, par- Jones-Story was the second of three Il- I believe the Federal Government ents, friends, and pets. linois State troopers who have died needs to do more. In the upcoming sur- This week, the State of Illinois Com- this year after being struck by vehicles face transportation reauthorization mission on Volunteerism and Commu- on the sides of roads and highways. bill, I will be working not only to in- nity Service honored Lucy with its Three State troopers in Illinois were crease funding for highway safety Volunteer of the Week Award. She de- killed in less than 3 months. All told, grants to provide States with the re- served it, but Lucy says the only re- 16 Illinois State Troopers have been sources they need to better enforce ward she wants is for people to follow struck by vehicles so far this year, sev- these laws but also to encourage people the law and move over, so her dad and eral suffering serious injuries. all across America to be sensitive to others like him who do dangerous jobs Let me tell you about the other two the men and women who are serving us will be able to come home to their fam- heroes we lost. in public capacities in law enforcement ilies at the end of the day. Just 2 days after Trooper Jones- and other responsibilities. They de- I want to thank Lucy for her efforts Story died, Trooper Jerry Ellis was serve our respect and our caution. in starting the Move Over Project. killed by a wrong-way driver near Despite these measures, Illinois Look at the faces and the families in- Libertyville, IL. State Police have seen a troubling in- volved. Remember them the next time It happened at 3:25 in the morning. crease in incidents in which a squad you see an emergency vehicle on a The driver was headed in the wrong di- car with its lights flashing has been hit highway with its lights flashing parked rection on Interstate 94 in Green Oaks by a passing car. In 2016, there were 5 along a roadway. Move over and save when he hit Trooper Ellis’s squad car such incidents; in 2017, 12; and last lives. head-on. The driver who caused the year, 8. Just a little over 3 months into I yield the floor. crash was also killed. this year, already there have been 16 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Jerry Ellis was 36 years old. He had such incidents, with 3 young troopers Democratic leader. been an Illinois State Trooper for 11 dead. Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, first, years. Before that he had served his Two days ago, April 1, was Illinois let me thank my good friend the Sen- country in the U.S. Army in Iraq. State Trooper Day—a day set aside ator from Illinois for those great

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:16 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.020 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2258 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 words. We have had police officers in I yield the floor. that the motions to reconsider be con- New York hit the same way. There is a I suggest the absence of a quorum. sidered made and laid upon the table bridge in New York on Southern State The PRESIDING OFFICER. The and that the President be immediately Parkway that we named after an offi- clerk will call the roll. notified of the Senate’s action on the cer who died a few years ago in the The senior assistant legislative clerk Calabria and Altman nominations. same situation, and I thank Lucy for proceeded to call the roll. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there caring and pushing hard. Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, I ask an objection? unanimous consent that the order for NOMINATION OF MARK ANTHONY CALABRIA Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. President, I rise in strong opposi- the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without f tion to the nomination of Mark objection, it is so ordered. LEGLISLATIVE SESSION Calabria to become the Director of Mr. BARRASSO. I ask unanimous FHFA. I hope every Senator who has consent that all time expires. homeowners in their districts will pay The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without MORNING BUSINESS attention here. objection, it is so ordered. Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask For decades we have had Fannie Mae All postcloture time is expired. and Freddie Mac providing mortgages unanimous consent that the Senate re- The question is, Will the Senate ad- sume legislative session and be in a pe- at lower rates for people because there vise and consent to the Calabria nomi- is a Federal guarantee. Because hous- riod of morning business, with Sen- nation? ators permitted to speak therein for up ing is such an important part of our Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, I ask economy, it stimulates jobs and the to 10 minutes each. for the yeas and nays. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without growth in the economy. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a objection, it is so ordered. It is utterly amazing that, once sufficient second? again, we are in a sort of ‘‘Alice in There appears to be a sufficient sec- Mr. GRASSLEY. Since I made that Wonderland.’’ The nominations from ond. unanimous consent motion, and I am this administration go directly in the The clerk will call the roll. going to be speaking for longer than 10 face of what I bet almost every Member The senior assistant legislative clerk minutes, I ask unanimous consent to on the other side believes—that inter- called the roll. speak for whatever time I may con- est rates should be low for mortgages Mr. THUNE. The following Senator is sume, which will probably be in the and that there should be some kind of necessarily absent: the Senator from neighborhood of 20 minutes. Federal guarantee. Utah (Mr. LEE). The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Well, here is what Dr. Calabria be- Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the objection, it is so ordered. lieves. First, he believes that the 30- Senator from New Jersey (Mr. BOOKER), f the Senator from California (Ms. HAR- year mortgage is not necessarily part PRESIDENTIAL TAX RETURNS of our Federal housing finance system. RIS), and the Senator from Vermont He believes that Fannie and Freddie (Mr. SANDERS) are necessarily absent. Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, yes- guarantees should be no higher than The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. terday the Ways and Means Committee $200,000. BRAUN). Are there any other Senators sent a letter to the IRS requesting the I would ask Dr. Calabria to visit in the Chamber desiring to vote? President’s tax returns. Last night, I some of the middle-class neighborhoods The result was announced—yeas 52, had a chance to read that letter, and I of New York—policemen, firemen, nays 44, as follows: have to say that if you take it at its teachers, construction workers. Their [Rollcall Vote No. 64 Ex.] face value, it doesn’t make a whole lot homes would be put in jeopardy by YEAS—52 of sense. Consider the reasons that are this, and a home is the middle class’s Alexander Fischer Portman stated in that letter from the Ways and piece of the rock. Barrasso Gardner Risch Means Committee for requesting the What the heck are we doing around Blackburn Graham Roberts President’s tax returns. It states that Blunt Grassley Romney the committee is conducting oversight here? Boozman Hawley Rounds President Trump doesn’t pay atten- Braun Hoeven Rubio of the audit process that the IRS uses tion to who the nominees are. They are Burr Hyde-Smith Sasse to evaluate Presidential tax returns. Capito Inhofe Scott (FL) Currently, the IRS examines the put forward by Mick Mulvaney, who Cassidy Isakson Scott (SC) believes in no government involvement Collins Johnson President’s tax returns as a matter of Shelby Cornyn Kennedy policy—simple policy—but a review in anything, and people get hurt. Sullivan What about the young couple with a Cotton Lankford isn’t required by law. Democrats of the Cramer McConnell Thune new job, a new baby? They want to buy Crapo McSally Tillis Ways and Means Committee have said their first home. What about the per- Cruz Moran Toomey they are now looking into whether the son of color? Finally, when zoning laws Daines Murkowski Wicker current IRS policies of auditing the Enzi Paul Young President is enough or if congressional and other things have changed, they Ernst Perdue can get a home. What about parents action may be needed. Democrats have who are about to retire and want to NAYS—44 even been talking about making IRS sell their home so that they can move Baldwin Heinrich Rosen audits of the President’s returns man- Bennet Hirono Schatz datory every year, even though—now, I to smaller quarters and have a little Blumenthal Jones Schumer bit of extra money? What about grand- Brown Kaine Shaheen understand that—even though the IRS parents? To put in somebody who Cantwell King Sinema does that every year, and they have wants to undo the FHFA and undo our Cardin Klobuchar Smith been doing it for a long period of time. Carper Leahy rock solid housing system would be ri- Stabenow In a press release, a Democratic Casey Manchin Tester Coons Markey member of the Ways and Means Com- diculous. Udall Cortez Masto Menendez I hope my colleagues will listen. If Van Hollen mittee said he has a duty to examine Duckworth Merkley Warner whether congressional action is needed you believe in homeownership, if you Durbin Murphy believe the middle class ought to have Feinstein Murray Warren to require Presidential audits and to homeownership, you can’t support Gillibrand Peters Whitehouse oversee that they are done correctly. Wyden somebody who wants to eliminate Fed- Hassan Reed Ask yourself why that member would eral guarantees, who wants to lower NOT VOTING—4 be saying that. the amount, and who wants to say that Booker Lee I, for one, haven’t seen any evidence the 30-year mortgage, which has had Harris Sanders that the IRS has suddenly changed its such a success in America, should no The nomination was confirmed. policy under this President, meaning longer be the bedrock of our system. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- President Trump, or that it is con- I hope people will look at who this ator from Iowa. ducting a less thorough review of nominee is and vote no. I certainly Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, be- President Trump’s taxes than it did of will. fore I speak, I ask unanimous consent previous Presidents or that it hasn’t

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:38 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.023 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2259 conducted a review at all. So why are general to conduct a review of the IRS plaints about the President’s refusal to the Democrats considering these audit process? Well, I want to tell you release his tax returns, none of which changes to the Tax Code now? Why why they might not do that. It is be- ever mentioned reviewing IRS audits didn’t they raise the issue under Presi- cause they are not concerned about or even inquiring about IRS audit pro- dent Obama or President Bush or oversight of the IRS enforcement proc- cedures. President Clinton? The answer of ess at all. What they are interested in In that report, Democrats say that course is that nothing has changed. is using their oversight responsibilities the President has ‘‘rebuked over 40 There is no reason to believe the IRS to collect as much information about years of tradition’’ by refusing to re- is doing any less due diligence in its re- this President’s finances as they can lease his tax returns. They say that the view of President Trump’s taxes than get their hands on, and that is really President’s tax returns should be re- it has for any other President in our the bottom line, isn’t it? leased because he has a vast domestic memory. The letter also states the This letter from the House Demo- and international business empire. committee needs to know the scope of crats doesn’t make sense when taken They say they should be released be- the audit that the IRS conducts when at face value because you can’t take it cause he is ‘‘not the average Amer- it looks at a President’s tax returns; at face value. Democrats say they are ican.’’ They say they should be re- that it needs to know whether there is interested in the tax returns of all leased because he is President of the a review of underlying business activi- Presidents when they are really just United States and has the power to ties reported by the President. If interested in one—President Trump’s. sign bills into law, and that is supposed Democrats are truly interested in find- If the effort to get the President’s to serve as some kind of justification ing out the level of scrutiny given to a tax returns isn’t part of a grand reform for demanding and releasing his tax re- President’s tax returns, why not sim- effort, as they would have us believe, turns. I can tell you that the law does ply just ask the IRS to describe its then what is it motivated by? I want to not support that argument. audit procedure? That is a very tell you what it is motivated by. It is Under section 6103 of the Federal Tax straightforward question, and I am motivated by the Democrats’ intense Code, the tax returns of all Americans, sure Commissioner Rettig would be dislike of this President. It is moti- including even the President of the happy to oblige with a straightforward vated by their frustration over losing United States, are considered to be pri- answer. Why is there a need to seek an election they thought they would vate information. President Trump’s tax returns in order easily win. It is motivated by their de- Without an individual’s permission, to get an answer to those questions? I sire to use all of the resources at their tax information can’t be released ex- want to give you a hint: There isn’t disposal to find something—anything— cept under the most limited cir- one. to bring this President down. cumstances. Let’s not forget that our The letter also states that the com- Just take a look at how this whole Tax Code reads that way for a very mittee is looking into how the IRS is effort to request the President’s tax re- good reason. doing its job of enforcing tax laws in a turn has unfolded. That will tell you a Congress reformed the modern IRS fair and impartial manner. In a state- real story. Democrats started making privacy law in 1976, not long after ment yesterday, the Ways and Means calls for President Trump to release his President Nixon left office. Nixon had Committee said it especially wants to tax returns while he was still a can- used his power over the IRS to target know whether or not audits of Presi- didate during the 2016 election. At the his political enemies. By passing that dential tax returns are fully and appro- time, Democratic calls for the release law in 1976, Congress wanted to make priately being conducted. of his tax returns were clearly just a sure that never happened again. Con- Along those lines, in addition to ask- political attack, not a policy issue as gress was determined to put protec- ing for President Trump’s tax returns they now want us to believe. tions in place that would prevent any and those of his businesses for the last Secretary Clinton said: ‘‘There must kind of abuse of that IRS power in the 6 years, the Democrats have asked for be something really terrible in those future. Congress wanted to ensure pri- information on the status of all audits tax returns.’’ vate tax information was never used of those tax returns that have been Her communications director used for political purposes again. But if you conducted. It sounds like they are the issue to chide then-candidate strip away all of the pretense and trace planning to conduct their own review Trump for ‘‘hiding behind fake excuses this current effort back to its roots, of the President’s tax returns to see and backtracking on . . . previous that sounds an awful like what is hap- whether the IRS has been doing its job. promises.’’ pening right now with the efforts of the Now, there is a problem with that. In his speech before the Democratic members of the Ways and Means Com- The IRS audits more than 1 million National Convention, Mrs. Clinton’s mittee. tax returns every year. While audits of running mate questioned then whether I stopped listing them, but Demo- the President and Vice President might then-Candidate Trump had been paying crats have had plenty of other reasons happen automatically, the audit proc- his fair share, at once calling for him in the past for claiming to need Presi- ess that is followed for them ought to to release his tax returns and asking: dent Trump’s tax returns. be the same as it is for everyone else. ‘‘Donald, what are you hiding?’’ In 2017, Democrats also said the Every member of the Ways and Means Since the election, these calls have President’s taxes should be released be- Committee knows that as well. continued, as you see yesterday. Demo- cause he stood to benefit from the tax In members’ remarks yesterday, they crats have just come up with more in- reform that Congress passed and the said the committee has a responsibility ventive excuses for making these calls, President then signed into law. Appar- to conduct oversight of the tax system although I suspect the underlying po- ently, because the President is wealthy to determine how Americans, including litical reasons are the same today as and successful, they figured he must those in elected office, are complying they were in 2016. Consider how those have had a self-interest in supporting with the law. In other words, the Presi- reasons have changed over time. that reform. dent and the Vice President ought to Not long after the election, at the be- A more recent effort to get the Presi- be held to the same high standards as ginning of the last Congress, 93 House dent’s returns is contained in a bill the every other American—not a different Democrats signed a resolution of in- House Democrats recently sent to the standard but the same standard. There quiry directing the Secretary of Treas- Senate, known as H.R. 1. That bill con- is no reason to believe this isn’t al- ury to turn over the President’s tax re- tains a provision requiring that can- ready happening. Democrats haven’t turns. That request to turn over his tax didates for President and Vice Presi- offered a shred of evidence to suggest returns was to be provided to the full dent, as well as the sitting President the IRS hasn’t done its job auditing House of Representatives and not to and Vice President, release their last 10 President Trump, his taxes, or anybody the Committee on Ways and Means. years of individual tax returns. Assum- else’s for that matter. The House Democrats’ portion of ing the proposal lives on, even if the By the way, if Democrats are really that resolution committee report, bill doesn’t, I wonder if that is one of so concerned about enforcement, then signed by the ranking member and cur- the items they were hoping to evaluate why not ask the Treasury inspector rent chairman, is filled with com- through their current oversight efforts.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:16 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.025 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2260 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 Maybe they want to see the Presi- As Members of Congress, we owe it to debt, which stands today at $22 trillion, dent’s tax returns in order to evaluate the people we represent to preserve and or more than $65,000 per person. That is their proposal to see the President’s protect its use as a tool for carrying regardless of age—the baby who was tax returns. That sounds like a lot of out our legitimate constitutional re- born this morning owes $65,000. By 2029, circular logic to me. sponsibilities. I don’t believe for a if nothing is done, the national debt Democrats have also made a big deal minute that when the Framers created will grow to more than $33 trillion, or out of the fact that under section 6103, article I—the power of Congress to leg- more than $94,000 per person. the Secretary of the Treasury ‘‘shall’’ islate—what they had in mind was Adding urgency to this situation is turn over relevant tax records to the Members using these powers to collect the surge in autopilot spending, which chairman of the Ways and Means Com- personal information on their political now represents more than two-thirds of mittee if he requests it. That is exactly opponents in an effort to destroy those what the Federal Government spends right, as long as the committee has a political opponents. each year. Two-thirds of what we spend legitimate legislative purpose in ask- In all my years of conducting over- is not actually voted on; it happens ing for them, as opposed to this per- sight, I have never started with an end automatically. ceived political reason for why they result and then worked backward in As our population ages, rising want to do it. search of a reason for making it hap- healthcare and interest costs will com- For decades, the courts have been pen. That is not how oversight is done. pound our fiscal problems. In 10 years, clear that congressional requests for Oversight is about advocating for nearly 80 cents of every dollar the gov- information, like those tax returns or transparency, and with transparency ernment spends will be on mandatory anything else we are trying to do, must comes accountability in order to fix programs and interest on the debt. We have a legitimate legislative purpose. problems and to improve government. need to do everything we can to im- That is where the Democrats come up It is not about searching for ways to prove our fiscal situation, and that in- very, very short. sow division and tear down your polit- cludes improving the way we provide See, they don’t have a purpose. All ical opponents. What Democrats are disaster relief. they have are a lot of excuses. Let me doing now looks a lot more like the Some of my colleagues may not real- tell you something. Introducing legis- latter than the former. If that is what ize that since the passage of the Budget lation that would essentially require Control Act in 2011, Congress has spent they are up to, it is not oversight at the President to release his tax returns $250 billion outside of the discretionary all. and then using that to somehow justify caps responding to natural disasters When you strip away all of their pre- requesting the President’s tax returns and other emergencies. texts and when you strip out their cir- is one of the worst excuses I have ever This spending has received special cular logic, all you have are Democrats heard of. designations under the law that ex- You would think, considering the who want to go after the President in empt it from discretionary spending amount of time and practice they have any way they can. They dislike him limits, but such spending still has the had trying to rationalize all of this and with a passion, and they want his tax very real effect of further increasing make it sound so very good, they would returns to destroy him. That is all this the Federal budget deficit—and the be able to come up with something a whole process is about, and it is Federal debt. One designation that is little bit better than that. Apparently Nixonian to the core. often used is the ‘‘emergency’’ designa- not, and that really speaks volumes, I yield. tion, which implies it is for something doesn’t it? I suggest the absence of a quorum. Congress did not anticipate. But as we The fact is, the reasons the Demo- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The all know, natural disasters happen on crats have offered for wanting Presi- clerk will call the roll. an annual basis, and in recent years we dent Trump’s tax returns back in 2016 The senior assistant bill clerk pro- have had multiple natural disasters in and 2017 don’t pass muster any better ceeded to call the roll. a fiscal year. than the ones they are trying to peddle The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I want to applaud my friend from right now. That is because they are not ator from Wyoming. Utah, Senator ROMNEY, for offering an requesting the tax returns in order to Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, I ask that amendment that recognizes the chal- investigate a problem in need of over- the order for the quorum call be re- lenge of budgeting for disasters and sight at all. All they really care about scinded. emergencies. Disaster relief funding is finding a pretext to bring this Presi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without must be built into our base budgets, dent down. objection, it is so ordered. which is why I have incorporated these As a Member of Congress who knows f costs in recent budget resolutions, in- firsthand the importance of good over- H.R. 268 cluding the one that passed through sight, that is what concerns me the our Budget Committee last week. most about this whole campaign that Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, earlier this While there is no silver bullet to this is going on in the other body. week, the Senate debated a disaster re- problem, I am willing and eager to I happen to know a thing or two lief funding bill that would have pro- work with any of my colleagues who about oversight. Over my career, I have vided $131⁄2 billion in assistance to believe there is a better way to antici- conducted oversight of the last seven States and territories that have been pate these costs. Presidential administrations—Demo- touched by recent hurricanes, The Senate Budget Committee re- crat and Republican. I have called out wildfires, and other natural disasters. I cently held a hearing that partially both parties for doing things they share my colleagues’ commitment to touched on ideas to better budget for shouldn’t be doing. In that spirit, I provide necessary assistance to get af- disaster funding. One option is to offset have always said that every single fected Americans back on their feet. emergency spending increases with Member of Congress is dutybound to As chairman of the Budget Com- spending reductions in other areas. An- conduct oversight of the Federal Gov- mittee, I believe we should always con- other option could require a dedicated ernment. In fact, I remind every new sider the budgetary effects of any legis- fund for emergencies, similar to how Member that I run into in this body— lation pending before this body. Sup- some States budget for these events. I and the Presiding Officer has heard me plemental appropriations bills high- have also considered whether a new ac- tell him this—that if you want to get a light a real challenge in controlling tuarially sound insurance program bill passed, you have to have 51 votes Federal spending. How should we budg- could appropriately assess the risk for to get it passed, but if you want to do et for inevitable natural disasters and such disasters while maintaining af- oversight, you have to have one vote— emergencies? fordable premiums. Budgeting for your own decision to do that oversight. Answering this question is important emergencies and disasters is not a pre- The responsibility to conduct over- because the Federal Government con- cise science, but I believe Congress can sight is and ought to be regarded by tinues to spend more money than it do a lot better than just calling an each and every one of us as sacrosanct. takes in and will soon confront annual emergency and adding to the debt. The power to conduct oversight flows deficits exceeding $1 trillion a year. While we work to more honestly directly from the Constitution. These surging deficits add to our rising budget for these annual costs, there are

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:37 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.026 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2261 other ways we can lower the costs of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the largest voting bloc in the United natural disasters. The Federal Emer- clerk will call the roll. States, value our alliances, and 72 per- gency Management Agency has found The bill clerk proceeded to call the cent back the United States’ contribu- that every $1 spent mitigating against roll. tion to NATO. natural disasters saves an average of Mrs. SHAHEEN. Mr. President, I ask Boosted by these numbers, Congress $6. Last year, Congress passed the Dis- unanimous consent that the order for has been more active than at any time aster Recovery Reform Act, which I the quorum call be rescinded. in my memory in expressing its sup- was proud to support. This bill in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without port for NATO. In 2017 and 2018, Con- cluded programs that encouraged miti- objection, it is so ordered. gress took more votes in support of the gation activities. Congress should be f United States’ enduring commitment open to any idea that could help our NATO to article 5 and NATO than at any time country better plan for annual costs of since the fall of the Soviet Union. That Mrs. SHAHEEN. Mr. President, I these natural disasters. This would is why Senators TILLIS and I reestab- come to the floor today following our allow us to respond to natural disasters lished the Senate NATO Observer colleague Senator TILLIS to join him in more efficiently, while also reducing Group last year. Since then, we have talking about the importance of NATO the burden on American taxpayers. enjoyed a diverse and active member- and expressing our deep appreciation With our country more than $22 tril- ship across the Republican and Demo- for the North Atlantic Treaty Organi- lion in debt and quickly approaching $1 cratic Parties, as well as the enduring zation. trillion annual deficits, we must do ev- support of the Senate’s leadership— Senator TILLIS and I are the cochairs erything in our power to put our coun- both Senator MCCONNELL, the majority of the newly established Senate NATO try on a more fiscally sustainable path. leader, and Senator SCHUMER, the Observer Group, which builds on the ef- Better budgeting for natural disasters Democratic leader. will not fix all of our financial prob- fort that was started back in the 1990s, Further, Congress continues to put lems, but it is a good place to start. by Tom Daschle and Trent Lott, to ad- its word into action by allocating sig- Before I conclude, I want to touch on dress the expansion of NATO, following nificant levels of funding to help Eu- another area of concern, and that is the fall of the Berlin Wall. Our task is rope deter threats that emanate from the growing prevalence of directed not just to shepherd through the Sen- NATO’s eastern and southern borders, scorekeeping. That is a way of saying: ate any changes in NATO that require already having provided $6.5 billion in We are not going to count that, even Senate approval, but it is also to re- the last year alone for the European though we are going to spend it, and we mind all of us and to remind the Amer- Deterrence Initiative. can spend it more than once. ican public just how important NATO Congressional budget statutes have is. I have no doubt that as the Senate established scoring rules that are in- Over the last seven decades, the prepares to provide its advice and con- tended to provide standardized ac- NATO alliance has stood by its mem- sent to NATO’s 30th member, North counting to ensure that lawmakers bers in the darkest hours, including in Macedonia, Members of Congress will, have the best possible information Afghanistan, after the United States once again, rally to NATO’s side and upon which to base fiscal decisions. In was attacked on September 11. push forward on initiatives to further recent years, however, we have seen As Secretary General Stoltenberg re- strengthen NATO. more and more attempts to undermine minded us yesterday, the only time ar- I should just call out the Republic of that process and instead direct the ticle 5, the mutual aid clause of the North Macedonia, as well as the coun- scoring outcomes. NATO charter, has been invoked was try of Greece, for reaching an agree- Last week, the Senate Budget Com- after September 11, after the United ment around the name change for mittee, which I chair, approved a fiscal States was attacked by terrorists. North Macedonia that both countries year 2020 budget resolution that aims Our Transatlantic bond has been crit- have agreed to and that the Par- to crack down on this process by allow- ical to the United States and NATO, liaments of both countries have sup- ing a surgical point of order to be and, in particular, it has sustained a ported. raised against any such provision. period of unprecedented global security So as China and Russia struggle to What that means is that the offending and stability. While people may not maintain allies and resort to coercion provision can be stricken from the un- recognize it, every day the United and force to keep countries in their derlying measure unless 60 Senators States sees the benefit of NATO. sphere, NATO has proven to be an en- vote to retain it. Whether we need to use NATO bases to during American advantage in an un- Unfortunately, the disaster bill evacuate American troops from con- certain world. which was brought to the floor this flict or to ensure that American goods Our NATO allies continue to magnify week included a provision that would and people travel safely across the At- the strength of our military, and they essentially direct the appropriations lantic Ocean, NATO plays a critical stand ready to protect us and protect from the Harbor Maintenance Trust role. our shared interests and values world- Fund, up to a limit, to be scored as As NATO marks its 70th anniver- wide. For this reason, I thank our al- costing zero dollars. The effect of this sary—today, in fact—the fact is that lies for what they have done for the change would allow Congress to spend the alliance makes us stronger around United States and for the people of Eu- an additional $2 billion above the stat- the world and safer at home. So it is no rope who are part of our partner na- utory spending caps each year, while wonder that Americans are very sup- tions. obscuring the real budgetary impacts portive of this organization. Any impli- from the American people. I filed an cation that Americans don’t like or un- While we may have our differences, amendment that would solve that. derstand NATO is just simply wrong. we will always remain stronger with It is long past time for an honest This week the Pew Research Center allies. As the Secretary General said conversation about the fiscal chal- unveiled research to show that nearly 8 yesterday, ‘‘it is good to have friends.’’ lenges facing our country. In the Budg- in 10 Americans, or 77 percent of Amer- I yield the floor. et Committee, we tried to advance that icans, including large majorities in I suggest the absence of a quorum. conversation with the budget that was both the Democratic Party and the Re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The approved last week. Unfortunately, the publican Party, agree that being a clerk will call the roll. directed scorekeeping provision in the member of NATO is good for the United The bill clerk proceeded to call the disaster bill considered earlier this States. roll. week would set that effort back. I hope We have also seen that the Chicago that when Congress returns to consid- Council on Global Affairs has recorded Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I eration of disaster legislation, it aban- a steady increase in NATO favorability ask unanimous consent that the order dons that multiple-spending effort. across generations of Americans. Even for the quorum call be rescinded. I yield the floor. the millennials, the generation born The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without I suggest the absence of a quorum. between 1981 and 1996, which are now objection, it is so ordered.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:37 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.028 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2262 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 EXECUTIVE SESSION Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby The PRESIDING OFFICER. The move to bring to a close debate on the nomi- question is on agreeing to the motion. nation of Patrick R. Wyrick, of Oklahoma, The motion was agreed to. EXECUTIVE CALENDAR to be United States District Judge for the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Western District of Oklahoma. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Mitch McConnell, Johnny Isakson, Roger clerk will report the nomination. move to proceed to executive session to F. Wicker, John Boozman, John Cor- The bill clerk read the nomination of consider Calendar No. 21. nyn, Mike Crapo, Shelley Moore Cap- John P. Abizaid, of Nevada, to be Am- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ito, Pat Roberts, Roy Blunt, Deb Fisch- bassador Extraordinary and Pleni- question is on agreeing to the motion. er, David Perdue, Todd Young, John potentiary of the United States of The motion was agreed to. Thune, Mike Rounds, Steve Daines, America to the Kingdom of Saudi Ara- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The John Hoeven, Thom Tillis. bia. f clerk will report the nomination. f The bill clerk read the nomination of LEGISLATIVE SESSION Daniel Desmond Domenico, of Colo- CLOTURE MOTION Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I rado, to be United States District Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I move to proceed to legislative session. Judge for the District of Colorado. send a cloture motion to the desk. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The f The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- question is on agreeing to the motion. ture motion having been presented CLOTURE MOTION The motion was agreed to. under rule XXII, the Chair directs the Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I f clerk to read the motion. send a cloture motion to the desk. EXECUTIVE SESSION The bill clerk read as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- CLOTURE MOTION ture motion having been presented under rule XXII, the Chair directs the We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- EXECUTIVE CALENDAR ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the clerk to read the motion. Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby The bill clerk read as follows: Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I move to proceed to executive session to move to bring to a close debate on the nomi- CLOTURE MOTION consider Calendar No. 105. nation of John P. Abizaid, of Nevada, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni- We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ance with the provisions of Rule XXII of the potentiary of the United States of America Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby question is on agreeing to the motion. to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. move to bring to a close debate on the nomi- The motion was agreed to. Mitch McConnell, Mike Crapo, John nation of Daniel Desmond Domenico, of Col- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Thune, John Barrasso, Johnny Isakson, orado, to be United States District Judge for clerk will report the nomination. Pat Roberts, John Cornyn, Lindsey the District of Colorado. The bill clerk read the nomination of Graham, Thom Tillis, Roy Blunt, John Mitch McConnell, Johnny Isakson, Roger Cheryl Marie Stanton, of South Caro- Boozman, James E. Risch, Roger F. F. Wicker, John Boozman, John Cor- lina, to be Administrator of the Wage Wicker, John Hoeven, Mike Rounds, Steve Daines, Shelley Moore Capito. nyn, Mike Crapo, Shelley Moore Cap- and Hour Division, Department of ito, Pat Roberts, Roy Blunt, Deb Fisch- f er, David Perdue, Todd Young, John Labor. Thune, Mike Rounds, Steve Daines, f LEGISLATIVE SESSION John Hoeven, Thom Tillis. CLOTURE MOTION Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I f move to proceed to legislative session. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I LEGISLATIVE SESSION send a cloture motion to the desk. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the motion. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- The motion was agreed to. move to proceed to legislative session. ture motion having been presented The PRESIDING OFFICER. The under rule XXII, the Chair directs the f question is on agreeing to the motion. clerk to read the motion. EXECUTIVE SESSION The motion was agreed to. The bill clerk read as follows: f CLOTURE MOTION EXECUTIVE SESSION We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- EXECUTIVE CALENDAR ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby move to proceed to executive session to EXECUTIVE CALENDAR move to bring to a close debate on the nomi- nation of Cheryl Marie Stanton, of South consider Calendar No. 31. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Carolina, to be Administrator of the Wage The PRESIDING OFFICER. The move to proceed to executive session to and Hour Division, Department of Labor. question is on agreeing to the motion. consider Calendar No. 27. John Thune, Thom Tillis, Steve Daines, The motion was agreed to. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The James Lankford, John Boozman, John The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the motion. Cornyn, Mike Crapo, Roy Blunt, Mike clerk will report the nomination. The motion was agreed to. Rounds, John Hoeven, Pat Roberts, The bill clerk read the nomination of Richard Burr, David Perdue, Roger F. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Wicker, Lindsey Graham, James E. Holly A. Brady, of Indiana, to be clerk will report the nomination. Risch, Mitch McConnell. United States District Judge for the The bill clerk read the nomination of Northern District of Indiana. f Patrick R. Wyrick, of Oklahoma, to be f United States District Judge for the LEGISLATIVE SESSION CLOTURE MOTION Western District of Oklahoma. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I f move to proceed to legislative session. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I CLOTURE MOTION The PRESIDING OFFICER. The send a cloture motion to the desk. question is on agreeing to the motion. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I The motion was agreed to. ture motion having been presented send a cloture motion to the desk. f under rule XXII, the Chair directs the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- clerk to read the motion. ture motion having been presented EXECUTIVE SESSION The bill clerk read as follows: under rule XXII, the Chair directs the CLOTURE MOTION clerk to read the motion. EXECUTIVE CALENDAR We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- The bill clerk read as follows: ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the CLOTURE MOTION Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- move to proceed to executive session to move to bring to a close debate on the nomi- ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the consider Calendar No. 173. nation of Holly A. Brady, of Indiana, to be

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:36 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.030 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2263 United States District Judge for the North- made a difference in my State and in plan. He was going to go to college, get ern District of Indiana. the country sometimes. This one, by a degree in forestry, and then head Mitch McConnell, Johnny Isakson, Roger the way, is a big one. I think I am north to Alaska. That is what he did. F. Wicker, John Boozman, John Cor- being a little bit presumptuous, but the He stuck with the plan. nyn, Mike Crapo, Shelley Moore Cap- As soon as he finished his last exam ito, Pat Roberts, Roy Blunt, Deb Fisch- pages, I think, view this as kind of one er, David Perdue, Todd Young, John of their favorite speeches of the week in college, he put it on the professor’s Thune, Mike Rounds, Steve Daines, because you learn about Alaska, and I desk, and without even getting his di- John Hoeven, Thom Tillis. get to brag about my wonderful State. ploma, he jumped into his car and drove all the way out to Alaska. He f Now, I have been hearing a little bit back home that people like to watch didn’t even wait for graduation. LEGISLATIVE SESSION this sometimes, but the gentleman I So, initially, he moved to Wrangell in Southeast Alaska, and then he became Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I am going to talk about is John Stur- director of the division of forestry for move to proceed to legislative session. geon. That is him right there in front the State of Alaska—a great job, a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The of the U.S. Supreme Court, and that is really important job. It was a position question is on agreeing to the motion. him with his hovercraft in Alaska he held until 1986, and then he formed The motion was agreed to. when he is out moose hunting. This is an epic tale—epic, and it just hap- his own timber company, which he f pened. So I am going to be a little bit runs today with his son. EXECUTIVE SESSION more long-winded on this ‘‘Alaskan of Now, throughout all this time, John the Week’’ speech because it is actu- Sturgeon, like many Alaskans, loved to ally really important for Alaskans; it get out to see our great outdoors, to EXECUTIVE CALENDAR is really important for my colleagues; hunt, to fish. There was a particular area in the interior part of Alaska that Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I and it is really, really important for Federal judges who rule on things that he discovered that was particularly move to proceed to executive session to good for moose hunting. For those of consider Calendar No. 30. relate to Alaska. We had an epic, huge U.S. Supreme you who have been up to Alaska or The PRESIDING OFFICER. The haven’t, we have very large moose, and question is on agreeing to the motion. Court case that just came down last week relating to this heroic figure, we have a lot of them, a lot of moose. The motion was agreed to. To get to this area, however, he had John Sturgeon, related to the Alaska The PRESIDING OFFICER. The to cross a river—the Nation River, National Interest Lands Conservation clerk will report the nomination. within the Yukon-Charley National Act, ANILCA—that is a mouthful; that The bill clerk read the nomination of Preserve, which is a preserve that was is a huge statute that was passed by David Steven Morales, of Texas, to be actually created by Congress. I am this body in 1980—and how that has United States District Judge for the going to get to that. The Nation River, been interpreted over the years, over Southern District of Texas. in a lot of areas, is very shallow. It is the decades. The Supreme Court just very shallow, so the best way to tra- f last week interpreted this case in a verse the Nation River is via hover- way that we Alaskans think it should CLOTURE MOTION craft. You are looking at John Stur- have been interpreted, but unfortu- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I geon’s hovercraft right there. nately Federal Agencies for 40 years It was 2007, and John was in his send a cloture motion to the desk. have been interpreting it another way. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- hovercraft when the steering cable So I am going to talk a little bit about broke, and he and two friends lugged ture motion having been presented that. under rule XXII, the Chair directs the the hovercraft to a sandbar to fix the I will begin by talking about John cable—just like this. This is the sand- clerk to read the motion. Sturgeon and this battle he waged. Lit- The bill clerk read as follows: bar right here at the Nation River. erally, they are going to make a movie Three park rangers then showed up. CLOTURE MOTION out of this someday. Trust me. This is We love our park rangers up in Alaska, We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- an epic—an American classic—12-year but we also have a little more skep- ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the legal battle that he waged so he could Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby ticism than most States about Federal go hunt a moose off the Nation River, agencies saying they can control what move to bring to a close debate on the nomi- a river in Alaska, and the Feds were nation of David Steven Morales, of Texas, to we can and can’t do. John says that be United States District Judge for the saying he couldn’t. So he fought and he they were very cordial, asking all sorts Southern District of Texas. fought, and he went to the Supreme of questions about hunting in the area. Mitch McConnell, Johnny Isakson, Roger Court not once but twice. So are we He said: I just thought they were in- F. Wicker, John Boozman, John Cor- ready? This is one epic story that, terested in the hunting. Then one of nyn, Mike Crapo, Shelley Moore Cap- again, I guarantee you they are going them pulled out a thick rule book. ito, Steve Daines, Roy Blunt, Deb to make a movie out of someday. Uh-oh. They found and pointed to a Fischer, David Perdue, Todd Young, So let me begin by talking about section in the rule book in which John Thune, Mike Rounds, John John Sturgeon, the 74-year-old man Hoeven, Thom Tillis, Lindsey Graham. hovercrafts aren’t allowed in Federal right there and what brought him to parks or preserves. They told him they Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Alaska. Well, he is from Minnesota, were going to cite him for violating suggest the absence of a quorum. originally and, like so many Alaskans, this Federal regulation if he didn’t The PRESIDING OFFICER. The soon-to-be Alaskans—people watching, move his hovercraft. clerk will call the roll. we want you to come up and visit, by I talked earlier about this big law, a The bill clerk proceeded to call the the way. We want you to come up and giant law that passed in 1980. Most roll. live there. He felt the pull of Alaska Alaskans didn’t want it passed. Mr. SULLIVAN. Mr. President, I ask very early in life. Think about this. Unfortunately, this unanimous consent that the order for John says he remembers dreaming happens a fair amount to my State. the quorum call be rescinded. about Alaska as a child. When he was There are laws that come from the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without graduating from high school, he ap- Federal Government that we don’t objection, it is so ordered. plied for a few jobs as a hunting and want; yet Senators and Congressmen f fishing guide, but like many patriotic pass them anyway and tell Alaskans Americans—actually, many of my fel- how to live their lives. That is what TRIBUTE TO JOHN STURGEON low Alaskans—he joined the military ANILCA did. It is a huge law. Mr. SULLIVAN. Mr. President, it is instead. My State has more veterans Of course, back then, our Senators Thursday afternoon on the Senate per capita than any State in the coun- fought for provisions that protected floor, and it is one of my favorite times try. After he finished two tours in Alaskans’ interests, even though they of the week because I get to come down Vietnam in the Navy—so we are talk- didn’t really like the law. I will talk a and talk about an Alaskan who has ing a real heroic guy here—he formed a little later about what that law did.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:37 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.039 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2264 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 John Sturgeon knew ANILCA specifi- much it cost John Sturgeon to do this; manage in order to create a tax base. cally said that in Alaska—ANILCA is guess why people don’t do this. It took The Statehood Act also gave Alaska only about Alaska—navigable waters $1.2 million in legal fees to vindicate ‘‘title to an ownership of the lands be- and submerged lands within a park or the rights of the State of Alaska and neath the navigable waters,’’ such as reserve were governed by State laws his fellow Alaskans. Just for that rea- the Nation River, which is where John and regulations, not Federal laws and son, he should be Alaskan of the Week. Sturgeon was hunting. But statehood Federal regulations. It gets a little The final, unanimous decision by the didn’t resolve all of the land disputes complicated, but Senators like Ted Supreme Court that came down is a at all. Stevens and Congressman YOUNG historic—historic—decision for the The Alaska Native people rightfully fought this bill. They said: Look, if you State of Alaska in favor of John Stur- demanded jurisdiction over the lands are going to pass it, you have to make geon and completely against the Park that had been their ancestral lands and sure things are in there to protect our Service and the Federal Government’s that they had lived on for thousands of citizens. abuse of power. years. So in 1971, Congress, this body, So John Sturgeon looked at these This decision is celebrated across the passed the Alaska Native Claims Set- park rangers and said: Look, I am on great State of Alaska, and it also tlement Act, which resulted in the for- State land and State water. You can’t upheld a very important subsistence mation of Alaska Native corporations cite me. You shouldn’t even be on these provision for Alaska Natives as well. that were able to choose up to 40 mil- lands. Every argument that the Park Serv- lion acres of land for the Alaska Native They said that it didn’t matter, that ice made in holding up its aggressive people. That is roughly the size of they still had the authority, just as use of its authority over John Stur- Pennsylvania. they had the authority to ban geon ‘‘ran aground,’’ in Justice Kagan’s More land claims and disputes came hovercrafts on all parks and preserves words. She was the author of this very about, given the large size of Alaska across the country, and they showed important decision last week. and given the different land holdings. him this regulation book. Let’s talk a little bit about ANILCA All of this takes us to the very large John Sturgeon thought they were and Justice Kagan’s decision. By the statute, ANILCA, which passed here in wrong, but he moved his hovercraft way, it was a 9-to-0 decision. We always 1980, which was at the heart of the law- anyway without getting cited. But this hear about the Supreme Court being di- suit that we just heard about and that issue still really gnawed him. If you vided. It was 9-zip. This is the second the Supreme Court ruled on last week. are being told by a Federal official to time this went in front of the Ninth In 1980, after a very long and conten- do something and you think it is Circuit, and the U.S. Supreme Court tious battle—one that resulted in pro- wrong—well, he thought it was time to said: This is not hard, Ninth Circuit tests all across Alaska, which, as Jus- fight it. and Federal agents. tice Kagan noted in her opinion, in- John had personally seen when It was 9 to 0 in favor of John Stur- volved a modern-day Paul Revere gal- ANILCA passed—and a lot of people geon and the great State of Alaska. loping through crowds in Alaska, predicted it—this huge bill that gave so As I mentioned, ANILCA passed here shouting ‘‘The Feds are coming! The much of Alaska away to the Federal in 1980. It is a huge bill, several hun- Feds are coming!’’—104 million acres of Government. Little by little, Federal dred pages. Few—even the experts— land were set aside by Congress for agencies and Federal officials started have actually read the text of ANILCA preservation in Alaska. Think about telling Alaskans: Hey, you can’t do to understand why the provisions in it that. this. You can’t do that. We have au- are so important. But to their credit, I say to the Presiding Officer, you are thority over you on this. the members of the U.S. Supreme from the great State of Indiana. If the It was this creeping maneuver, which Court clearly read this statute. Federal Government, over your objec- we thought was ignoring provisions of As I mentioned, the decision written tion, came and said, ‘‘We are going to ANILCA and treating the public lands by Justice Kagan will serve as a guide take a huge chunk of Indiana, and we in Alaska as if they were in the lower on how lands are to be regulated by the are going to keep it and preserve it,’’ 48, but they are different. Most people Federal Government in Alaska accord- you probably wouldn’t have voted for who have been impacted over the years ing to Federal law. by this overreach of the Federal Gov- In the decision, Justice Kagan begins that. ernment, quietly but aggressively tell- with some history. By the way, I high- Our Senators didn’t like this, but the ing Alaskans what they can and can’t ly recommend that all of my fellow Congress overruled them. That happens do according to the law, couldn’t do Alaskans read the decision. Pages, you sometimes when your State is so big. It anything about it. Going against the guys should read it too. Anyone watch- is something we still have to focus on— Federal Government—a lawsuit, for ex- ing who cares about Alaska should read when people focus on my State and ample—is time-consuming. It is expen- this decision. It is quite a big one. want to lock it up. sive. As John said, ‘‘You just can’t Justice Kagan goes through great So here is what they did: 104 million fight the beast.’’ So most went away, pains to try to explain a very com- acres were set aside for preservation. and the Federal power kept creeping, plicated topic and writes in very plain Ten new national parks, monuments, creeping, and creeping. language. It is quite a good opinion. and preserves were created, and three After consulting with some lawyers She begins by talking about some Alas- existing ones were expanded. These about 12 years ago, John Sturgeon de- kan history. areas were called conservation units. It cided, you know what, I am going to The Federal Government, as most is essentially a national park. All of fight this. I am going to fight it. know, bought Alaska from Russia in this did not come without challenges So guess what. He did it. He filed a 1867—365 million acres of land. That is because, unlike in the lower 48, these suit. He lost in district court. He lost well over the size of Texas. new areas—103 million acres—that is in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sorry, Senator CRUZ and Senator bigger than California. It is huge. Ninth Circuit. Trust me, I am going to CORNYN. I know you guys like to talk These new preservation units, con- talk about that court of appeals, about the size of Texas, but we are servation units, had within them pri- which, unfortunately, has jurisdiction way, way bigger. vate land, Native land, and State land. over 40 percent of the entire country For the first 90 years, all of the land So it was very complicated. and one in five Americans. They very was owned and controlled by the Fed- These are what are called inholdings frequently get the cases wrong. This is eral Government, which completely ne- in Alaska—a patchwork of inholdings. another great example of their com- glected the land and the people in it, Our Senators did a great job of saying pletely blowing it. who were mostly Alaska Natives. that the inholdings can’t be regulated It went to the U.S. Supreme Court Justice Kagan wrote in her opinion: by the Federal agencies. They are pri- not once but, as I said, twice. We just ‘‘By the 1950s, Alaskans hankered for vate lands; they are Alaska Native cor- got the second case last week, and, both statehood and land—and Congress poration lands; they are State lands, so boy, was it a big decision for Alaska. decided to give them both.’’ the Feds can’t regulate them. We be- That was 12 years ago. He has been Along with statehood came 103 mil- lieve that was in ANILCA. That was fighting this for 12 years. Guess how lion acres for the State of Alaska to part of the deal, part of the settlement.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:37 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.044 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2265 Part of the reason is that, as one arises from Congress’s twofold ambi- Supreme Court do? They essentially writer put it, while many Americans tions [when they passed ANILCA in said: You can’t ignore us. So they took come to Alaska to view our parks—and 1980].’’ it again. They took it again, and they we are glad they do; they are beau- She described it as ‘‘a grand bar- came out with a 9-to-0 opinion. If you tiful—‘‘many Alaskans think of those gain,’’ the ‘‘Janus-faced nature in its are a Ninth Circuit judge, you have to same parks as some combination of statement of purpose, reflecting the be embarrassed—embarrassed—because home, office, grocery store, and source century-long struggle over federal reg- the U.S. Supreme Court took you to of renewal. They have known these ulation of Alaska’s resources.’’ task. They essentially said you cannot lands intimately, from one year to per- That is her quote. Here is how it was have Federal agents in Alaska who can haps ten thousand years.’’ supposed to work, the twofold ambi- do whatever they believe is in their As Justice Kagan also noted in her tions. It was supposed to balance the power with ignoring ANILCA. ANILCA opinion: ideas of preservation of Alaska’s lands says: ‘‘Alaskans have to be able to reg- [R]ivers function as the roads of Alaska. with also allowing the State, not the ulate, to use, and to control areas . . . Over three-quarters of Alaska’s 300 com- Federal Government, to regulate those within these Federal preserves if they munities live in regions unconnected to the inholdings I am talking about—private are inholdings, private land, State State’s road system. land, State of Alaska land, and Native land, or Alaska Native corporation Let me repeat that. We have over 200 corporation land. That is what this law land.’’ This is something the Federal communities, villages, that are not was reflected to do when it was writ- agencies have ignored and certainly connected by roads. We need a lot more ten. the Ninth Circuit has ignored. infrastructure in Alaska. So you either It can be confusing. It is a very big One of our jobs here, as you know, is have to get there by taking an airplane law, particularly for Federal employees to confirm judges who have been nomi- or, in the winter, a snow machine or a who see it as their job to preserve and nated. Any Ninth Circuit judge who is boat on a river, if the village is on a keep people out of these parks and not now coming before this body for con- river. to—remember, you have Alaskans who firmation, the first thing I am going to I am still quoting Justice Kagan. She have lived there for thousands of years do is hand them this Sturgeon opinion says: ‘‘Residents of these areas include or who had private property in there from the U.S. Supreme Court last week many of Alaska’s poorest citizens, who prior to this law being passed. and say: Read this. Read it and under- rely on rivers for access to necessities As Justice Kagan wrote—and here is stand it because the Ninth Circuit has like food and fuel.’’ a quote from her, which is a really im- been getting the issues of Federal You are starting to get the picture. portant one for Alaska. She said: power over Alaska wrong for decades, Our Senators fought to make sure the If [John] Sturgeon lived in any other and this U.S. Supreme Court decision Federal Government couldn’t regulate State, his [law]suit would not have a prayer finally sets them right—finally sets these areas because we need them for of success. . . . Except that Sturgeon lives in them right. This is a monumentally economic development, to get food, to Alaska. And as we— important decision for my State, and I hunt, and to get fuel. Slowly but sure- The Supreme Court— believe other States, but certainly for ly, the Federal Government, whether have said before, ‘‘Alaska is often the excep- my State. Democrats or Republicans, started to tion, not the rule’’ [when it comes to these So after a 12-year battle and after say: No, no, no. We control this. kind of Federal laws in Federal parks]. spending $1.2 million on legal fees, our We are going to tell you Alaskans Alaska, as the Justices say over and Alaskan of the Week for today, John how to live your life, despite the fact over in this monumental decision Sturgeon, right there in front of the that we thought ANILCA said they brought down from the Supreme Court U.S. Supreme Court, made history— can’t. last week, is different. John Sturgeon made history. A moose hunter said: I Congress, as I mentioned, particu- understood this. The Ninth Circuit U.S. am not going to be pushed around by larly Alaska’s delegation, understood Court of Appeals, which unfortunately the Federal Government. I think I have that this was something they had to handles all of the Federal appeals from the right to do this, and I think my balance. Yes, we need to protect the Alaska district courts, does not under- State, not the Feds, controls this area lands, but at the same time—and again stand this. They haven’t for decades, of Alaska. I am quoting Justice Kagan here—the unfortunately. He was right. Despite the Federal dis- law had to ‘‘provide adequate oppor- The first time John Sturgeon took trict court telling him he was wrong tunity for satisfaction of the economic this case up through the courts, he and despite the U.S. Court of Appeals and social needs of the State of Alaska went to the Ninth Circuit, and they, of for the Ninth Circuit telling him he and its people.’’ course, said: No. Sorry. Federal agents was wrong twice, he was right. He sim- You can’t just go to a State, over the win. John Sturgeon, you lose. You now ply wouldn’t give up. Because of John objections of their own representatives have the right to move your hovercraft Sturgeon, Alaskans will have firm in Congress, and say: We are going to on the Nation River because the Fed- ground to fight on the legal subject nationalize all of this, and all of you eral officials have all the power over that comes before the courts in my citizens who live there, we are going to that river. State all the time in the Ninth Circuit, tell you what to do with your lives. The U.S. Supreme Court—this is which is how much power the Federal Now, this body needs to understand about 3 years ago—actually said: No, Government has to control Alaskans, this because sometimes, even today, we we don’t think that is the case. We are our economy, and our future. still have issues where some of my col- going to reverse this and send it back As Justice Kagan wrote, in those leagues want to lock up and shut down to the Ninth Circuit. areas, like the Nation River, [ANILCA] the great State of Alaska, and they So what did the Ninth Circuit do? ‘‘makes clear, Park Service adminis- don’t take into account the people I ac- They held again that Sturgeon is going tration does not replace local [and tually represent. It is a frustration, but to lose. The Federal Government wins. State] control.’’ This body said that. it is something we will continue to They just came up with a different rea- Unfortunately, Federal agencies have guard against. son. I read that Ninth Circuit opinion. ignored it and so has the Ninth Circuit, Well, our Senators did a good job of It was one of the most remarkable but now the Supreme Court has spoken guarding us in the ANILCA Act, but opinions I have ever read of a court of and has spoken very, very definitively. the Federal Government kind of ig- appeals—Federal court of appeals ig- ‘‘It makes you feel patriotic,’’ John nored a lot of what was in there, and noring the U.S. Supreme Court. It is Sturgeon said recently when we con- certainly the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court breathtaking how they just ignored the tacted him. ‘‘One little guy from Alas- of Appeals did. U.S. Supreme Court in their second ka—a moose hunter—can be heard by So, as Justice Kagan put it, if you opinion. the U.S. Supreme Court [two times]. continue to read her opinion, she says: Now, sometimes the U.S. Supreme That just blew me away.’’ ‘‘So if . . . you see some tension within Court doesn’t like to be ignored. I was It does make you feel patriotic. It the [ANILCA] statute, you are not mis- a law clerk on the Ninth Circuit. I have does make you feel that if one man taken [when you see that tension]: It seen them do that a lot. What did the thinks he is right, he can fight and win

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:37 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.045 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2266 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 in the courts of the United States, al- LEGISLATIVE SESSION RECOGNIZING THE MASSACRE RIM though it took 12 years and over a mil- WILDERNESS STUDY AREA lion dollars—and again, he didn’t just Ms. CORTEZ MASTO. Mr. President, MORNING BUSINESS win. He won 9 to 0—9 to 0. That is as I come forward today to recognize the good as it gets in the U.S. Supreme Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Massacre Rim Wilderness Study Area’s Court. ask unanimous consent that the Sen- designation as an International Dark In Alaska, this man is a hero. He ate proceed to legislative session for a Sky Sanctuary. Located 150 miles doesn’t accept the label. He is too mod- period of morning business, with Sen- north of Reno in Washoe County, NV, est. He does acknowledge he wouldn’t ators permitted to speak therein for up Massacre Rim Wilderness Study Area have gotten as far as he did without to 10 minutes each. is a region with rolling hills, buttes, the help of some excellent attorneys, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without plateaus, and narrow canyons, covered all of whom I know and have had the objection, it is so ordered. in sagebrush and junipers. Massacre opportunity in my life to work with f Rim is a natural, undisturbed, and iso- and become friends with: Matt Findley, lated environment that offers visitors Ruth Botstein, and Jon Katchen, who REMEMBERING FRANK TREADWAY rare opportunities to enjoy scenic vis- wrote an amicus brief in both hearings, Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, tas of up to 60 miles, as well as solitude including one for the congressional del- today I would like to remember the life away from development and distrac- egation that the U.S. Supreme Court of Frank Treadway, who passed away tion. Thanks to the location’s remote- used a lot. He also had an amazing out- earlier this year at the age of 96. ness, Massacre Rim’s night views are pouring of support from the commu- Born in Bell County in southeast completely uninhibited by light pollu- nity all over the State. People across Kentucky, Frank was one of 12 chil- tion. These unique qualities allow for the State of Alaska, Democrats and dren, and much of his childhood was nearly unparalleled stargazing, which Republicans—it didn’t matter—they spent helping on the family farm in has attracted visitors from around the knew what he was fighting for. He also Noetown. During his teenage years, world. had an amazing of support from the Frank worked at the Middlesboro On March 30, 2019, the International community, groups and individuals Country Club as a golf caddy, devel- Dark-Sky Association designated the who stood with him throughout the oping a lifelong love for the game. Like Massacre Rim Wilderness Study Area years and who, all told, raised all but so many members of the Greatest Gen- as an International Dark Sky Sanc- $100,000 to pay for the legal bills. eration, Frank proudly answered his tuary, only the fourth location to Justice Kagan said this decision Nation’s call to service, and he enlisted achieve this distinction in the United means ‘‘Sturgeon can again rev up his in the U.S. Navy during World War II. States and the seventh in the entire hovercraft in search of moose.’’ That is Aboard the U.S.S. Kyne, Frank served world. The International Dark-Sky As- Justice Kagan in her opinion, and he is throughout the Pacific. For their meri- sociation deemed Massacre Rim worthy planning to do just that. He is ready. torious participation in combat, the of this honor due to its qualifications He has been working on the hovercraft. crew received multiple commenda- as ‘‘land that has an exceptional or dis- Again, there it is in the picture. It was tions. tinguished quality of starry nights and in his garage over the past few months. After Frank returned home from the a nocturnal environment that is pro- It has a new engine, and he recently war, Frank married the love of his life, tected for its scientific, natural, or fired it up just like Justice Kagan told Inez. They spent 70 years together and educational value, its cultural heritage him to do, and he says it is running raised seven children. Farming re- and/or public enjoyment.’’ fine. He can’t wait to get out and mained an enduring passion, and one of For most of human history, a night moose hunt. Frank’s proudest accomplishments was sky teeming with stars and shooting But this story, as you probably have the founding and continued success of comets was a regular occurrence for gathered, is bigger than one man and his local farm market, Treadway Gar- his moose. ‘‘Alaska is different,’’ John our ancestors. Prior to the Industrial said, and, by the way, that is what the dens. Throughout his life, Frank re- Revolution, one could look to the sky Supreme Court was saying throughout mained loyal to his childhood home and find awe-inspiring wonder, in- the entire opinion. ‘‘It’s special. And and always held the people of southeast trigue, and entertainment. For most of it’s meant to be that way and should be Kentucky in high regard. Elaine and I us, that is no longer the case. Accord- treated differently by the law. The peo- commend this hero for his service, and ing to a 2016 National Geographic arti- ple of Alaska truly won’’ in this very we send our condolences to Inez, their cle, 80 percent of Americans cannot see important case. children, family, and friends. the Milky Way due to light pollution. Thank you, John Sturgeon, for never f While light pollution is a necessary and small consequence to our growth and giving up. Thank you for your hard LIFESPAN RESPITE CARE development as a society, it is impera- work and your determination, and REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2019 thank you for being our Alaskan of the tive that we recognize the significant Week. I also want to give a big thanks Ms. COLLINS. Mr. President, today I value in our increasingly rare dark sky to our nine Justices on the Supreme wish to reaffirm my partnership on the places, such as Massacre Rim. Fortu- Court. Justice Kagan, who wrote an ex- Lifespan Respite Care Reauthorization nately, for visitors and residents of the ceptional decision, shows that she and Act of 2019 with my good friend, Sen- great State of Nevada, views of both the other eight Justices on the Court ator TAMMY BALDWIN, who I would like the Milky Way and our neighboring understand that Alaska is different, as the record to reflect is an original lead galaxy, Andromeda, are available at they say probably five times in their cosponsor of S. 995. As the long- Massacre Rim. opinion. We can love our lands, we can standing coauthors of this legislation, Our State’s booming outdoor recre- protect them fiercely, and we can live Senator BALDWIN and I have been ation economy is a testament to the and play and earn a living on them as working together to provide the nec- success of our public lands and high- well. So for her very well-reasoned de- essary resources to State respite agen- lights the importance of keeping our cision, maybe she should be an hon- cies to ensure that caregivers have ac- invaluable natural resources available orary Alaskan of the Week as well. I cess to the respite services they need. for all to utilize and enjoy. I commend don’t think Justice Kagan is from Following the introduction of the legis- the nonprofit organization, Friends of Alaska, though, but for today, all our lation earlier this week, we heard testi- Nevada Wilderness, for spearheading thanks and praise and gratitude goes mony in the Senate Special Committee the Massacre Rim Wilderness Study to John Sturgeon for really an incred- on Aging that reaffirmed the impor- Area’s Dark Sky Sanctuary designa- ible legal battle that is going to go tance of respite care for the millions of tion, and for continuing to educate down in the history books as a super- caregivers who are caring for loved others about the natural wonders duper important day for Alaska. ones with Alzheimer’s and other de- available in the Silver State. I yield the floor. mentias. I look forward to continuing From Massacre Rim, to the Lake The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. to work with Senator BALDWIN to ad- Tahoe Basin, to the Ruby Mountains, SCOTT of Florida). The majority leader. vance S. 995. residents and visitors can attest that

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:36 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G04AP6.047 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2267 our public lands allow us to connect great, because everyone can serve.’’ jing and Slovakia. These experiences with our collective past and preserve Today we honor Harris Wofford’s life of were the foundation of a strong back- our shared treasures for future genera- service which will continue to inspire ground that prepared her for a success- tions. Americans to serve one another and ful career in military intelligence. f our Nation. As of January 2018, Lieutenant Kientz has been the chemical officer REMEMBERING HARRIS f and S4 in charge of logistics in the 1st LLEWELLYN WOFFORD, JR. ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS Squadron, 89th Cavalry Regiment. She Mr. CASEY. Mr. President, today I arrived in Kosovo in October of 2018 wish to remember and pay tribute to RECOGNIZING THE UNIVERSITY OF and plans to then finish her time as a former Senator Harris Llewellyn MONTANA WESTERN WOMEN’S lieutenant at Fort Drum before Wofford, Jr. and his life of dedicated BASKETBALL TEAM transitioning into military intel- service to our country and the Com- ligence. ∑ monwealth of Pennsylvania. Mr. DAINES. Mr. President, this Meeting Lieutenant Kientz in Kosovo Harris lived a life of service, com- week I have the honor of recognizing had an impact on me and reassured me mitted to advancing civil rights and the University of Montana Western that the next generation is in great ending injustice. Early in his career, women’s basketball team for their first hands with leaders such as herself. On Harris went to India to study non- ever NAIA Division I national cham- behalf of Congress and the United violence and the teachings of Gandhi. pionship. States of America, I thank 1LT Kate The lessons he learned during that The University of Montana Western M. Kientz and her family for their com- time would become indispensable as women’s basketball team won the mitment, sacrifice, and contribution to Harris got to know Dr. Martin Luther NAIA Division I national championship our great Nation. I join my colleagues King, Jr., and became involved in the game 75–59 over Oklahoma City Univer- in wishing her future success in all as- civil rights movement, helping to pass sity and finished their season with 30 pects of life as she continues to serve the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first wins and only 4 losses. These ladies as a role model for service, sacrifice, civil rights legislation since recon- have done an incredible job exem- and leadership.∑ struction. plifying the hard work that all Mon- When John F. Kennedy was running tanans are known for. f for President in 1960, Harris was an ad- The team also received several indi- viser on his campaign. Days before the vidual awards for coaches and players. REMEMBERING LILLA election, Dr. King was unjustly impris- Their head coach, Lindsay Woolley, WEINBERGER oned, and Wofford urged Kennedy and was awarded the NAIA Coach of the his team to call Coretta Scott King to Year. The Montana Western Bulldogs ∑ Mr. MARKEY. Mr. President, I wish comfort her and demonstrate his com- also had the NAIA Player of the Year, today to recognize the life of Lilla mitments to civil rights. Once Kennedy Brianna King. Ms. King set a Univer- Weinberger, a beloved daughter, friend, was elected, Harris Wofford served as sity of Montana Western single-season and activist who devoted her life to the Special Assistant to the President for scoring record with 771 points. causes of democracy and the literary Civil Rights and chairman of the Sub- Congratulations to the University of arts. cabinet Group on Civil Rights. He Montana Western women’s basketball Lilla Weinberger was born in 1941 in urged the President and Attorney Gen- team on an incredible season and a Pasadena, CA. She became involved in eral Robert F. Kennedy to pursue civil memorable outcome as the NAIA Divi- the women’s movement while at rights legislation. Wofford would join sion I National Champions.∑ CalArts. After college, she worked at Martin Luther King and others in the f the Library of Congress and carried out Selma to Montgomery Civil Rights research and worked on speeches for TRIBUTE TO FIRST LIEUTENANT marches in 1965 in support of voting President Lyndon Johnson’s landmark KATIE KIENTZ rights for African-Americans. education legislation. She moved to While serving in the Kennedy admin- ∑ Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, today I Lenox, MA, and there, she was integral istration, Wofford worked with R. Sar- wish to recognize and pay tribute to to the building of the first-ever domes- gent Shriver on the creation of the United States Army 1LT Kate M. tic violence shelter in the Common- Peace Corps, eventually leaving the Kientz, a proud Oklahoman who is cur- wealth. White House to serve as the Peace rently serving her country in Kosovo. I In 1991, Lilla moved to Sonoma, CA, Corps’ special representative to Africa had the pleasure of meeting and speak- and founded Readers’ Books, which be- and director of operations in Ethiopia, ing with Lieutenant Kientz back in came a cherished institution. She be- as well as associate director. He would February during a congressional dele- came deeply involved in the inde- also play a role in the creation of Vol- gation trip to the region, and I was pendent bookstore community and unteers in Service to America, a do- proud to see a strong Oklahoman such served on the board of the Northern mestic version of the Peace Corps. as herself representing our State and California Independent Booksellers As- In 1991, when former Pennsylvania our country so well. I would like to ex- sociation from 1997–2003. Senator H. John Heinz was killed in a press my sincere thanks for the excel- Lila was a strong believer in political plane crash, my father, Governor Rob- lent work of Lieutenant Kientz in ad- participation and grassroots democ- ert P. Casey, turned to Harris Wofford vancing the mission in Europe. Her racy. She was an active member of the to fill the vacancy. Harris went on to dedication to duty is instrumental to Barack Obama Presidential campaigns win a special election and served until prepare ready forces, ensure strategic in 2008 and 2012. She became the north- 1994 when he narrowly lost reelection. access, deter conflict, enable the NATO ern California regional head of the While in office, he worked to pass the alliance, strengthen partnerships, and Obama campaign in 2012 and later be- National and Community Service Act, counter transnational threats in order came Obama’s field director in Mary- creating AmeriCorps, the Senior Corps to protect and defend the United land. In 2013, Lilla returned to Massa- and Learn and Serve America. Harris States. chusetts and became the regional field would go on to serve as the head of Lieutenant Kientz was raised in my director for my first U.S. Senate cam- AmeriCorps. home city of Tulsa, OK, and attended paign. She was our warrior in western If one tried to sum up Harris Bishop Kelley High School. She contin- Massachusetts and became an indispen- Wofford’s life in one word, it would be ued her education at the University of sable member of our campaign oper- service. He truly believed that through Oklahoma and graduated in 2017 with a ation. service every individual could con- degree in political science and letters. I am honored to commemorate the tribute to the betterment of his or her Following graduation, she interned at remarkable achievements of Lilla community, State, country, and the the Oklahoma House of Representa- Weinberger, a distinguished leader, our world. Harris Wofford’s friend, Martin tives and participated in Reserve Offi- dear friend, and a truly great Amer- Luther King, Jr., said ‘‘everyone can be cers’ Training Corps exchanges in Bei- ican.∑

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:36 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A04AP6.014 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2268 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 TRIBUTE TO CAPTAIN JOHN into his practice has strengthened our His extensive experience in business ‘‘JACK’’ FREDERICK WILSON State’s economy and helped shape the and civic life, along with his seasoned ∑ Mr. ROMNEY. Mr. President, it is Las Vegas Valley that we know and judgment and knowledge of the Ala- my honor to pay tribute to Captain love today. In fact, it was Sam who bama Power Company, have provided John ‘‘Jack’’ Frederick Wilson, who played a key role in the conception and great value to Alabama Power’s board celebrated his 100th birthday this past development of many of the hotels and of directors. Tuesday, April 2. casinos on the Las Vegas Strip, setting What is truly remarkable are Whit Born on April 2, 1919, and raised in the stage for Nevada’s unprecedented Armstrong’s many accomplishments Park City, UT, Jack is one of only a growth and its booming entertainment and contributions to the State. I am scene. small handful of pilots trained at proud to take this time to recognize Sam is known for his philanthropic Brigham Young University. He joined him for his service on the Alabama heart. He remains particularly active Power Company board of directors, the Army Air Corps on December 11, in Jewish philanthropy, and we share a 1941, just 4 days after the Japanese sur- which has benefitted the customers of long history of working together in our Alabama Power, the people of Ala- prise attack on Pearl Harbor. synagogue, Congregation Ner Tamid. After training in the B–24 Liberator bama, and the State. His achievements Sam has also been a central benefactor and dedication to advancing the indus- bomber, he was made a pilot in the 90th of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Bombing Group in the Fifth Air Force try have not gone unnoticed. I join endowing the namesake Samuel S. Lio- Whit Armstrong’s friends, family, and of the Army Air Corps and was de- nel Professor of Intellectual Property ployed to New Guinea. He and his crew colleagues in wishing him the best of Law position at the William S. Boyd luck as he transitions into a new chap- were eventually assigned to reconnais- School of Law in 2016. I know firsthand sance missions in the North China Sea ter of his life, and I thank him for his the wonderful leader Sam is, and his commitment to Alabama.∑ tracking the Japanese fleet, and his B– philanthropic work has distinguished f 24 was stripped of all bombs, machine- him in the Jewish and legal commu- guns, and defensive measures to be re- nities not only in Nevada but also 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF SIGMA NU placed with extra fuel tanks. Jack said throughout the United States. Sam’s FRATERNITY of that time, ‘‘My career as a B–24 pilot name is and will always remain syn- ∑ Mr. WICKER. Mr. President, I am basically consisted of long periods of onymous with his professional and pleased to advise the Senate of the boredom punctuated with moments of philanthropic dedication to the Silver 150th anniversary of Sigma Nu Frater- terror.’’ State. nity, a principles-based men’s fraternal He was a member of the Jolly Rogers Happy birthday to Sam, a loving hus- organization with more than 160 chap- and has carried his membership card band, father, grandfather, great-grand- ters on college campuses in the United his entire life, which says, ‘‘Having father, servant leader, and loyal States, approximately 12,000 current been assigned to the best damned friend.∑ collegiate members, and more than heavy bomb group, and having paid his f 250,000 initiates in its history. This dues, Captain Jack F. Wilson is hereby TRIBUTE TO WHIT ARMSTRONG year, Sigma Nu celebrates the 150th an- considered a member in good standing niversary of its public founding on Jan- ∑ Mr. SHELBY. Mr. President, today I of the Jolly Rogers.’’ uary 1, 1869, at the Virginia Military wish to honor the retirement of Whit As a typhoon threatened the island Institute in Lexington, VA. Cadets Armstrong, a native of Montgomery, airstrip where he was stationed, locals James Frank Hopkins, James AL, from the Alabama Power Company from Okinawa showed him a cave that McIlvaine Riley, and Greenfield board of directors, effective on April 26, he and his B–24 crew sheltered in, sav- Quarles joined together to form Sigma ing their lives. Despite popular opinion 2019. Whit is an acknowledged leader in the financial and investment arena Nu as a brotherhood committed to the at the time, Jack never demonized the principles of love, honor, and truth and Japanese people. He believed ‘‘there with over 30 years in the banking in- dustry, including service as a member in firm opposition to hazing. Sigma Nu are good people everywhere’’ and Fraternity remains the only men’s col- taught his children and grandchildren of the Alabama State Banking Board. He has provided decades of service to lege fraternity founded in direct oppo- the same. sition to hazing. Its history and its After the war, Jack used his flying improve the quality of life in his com- munity and across the State of Ala- mission to develop ethical leaders for skills to help locate wildfires and pio- today’s society are worthy of the high- neered the ‘‘interagency’’ concept, es- bama with numerous civic, economic development, educational, and business est esteem. tablishing the National Interagency Originally founded as the Legion of Fire Center in Boise, ID. The main organizations. Mr. Whit Armstrong previously Honor, Sigma Nu’s central founding headquarters building bears his name. value is honor, and the concept that a In honor of a native Utahn and one of served as president, chief executive of- ficer, and chairman of the board of The man’s character and conduct should al- the last remaining B–24 pilots from ways be governed by a high sense of World War II, the U.S. Congress ex- Citizens Bank in Enterprise, AL, and of its holding company, Enterprise Cap- honor guides all its work. This value is tends warm greetings to Mr. Wilson on as relevant 150 years later as it was April 2, 2019, his 100th birthday. We ital Corporation, Inc. He currently serves as managing member of Creeke then. commend him for his life of service and For 150 years, members of Sigma Nu his valor in defense of his country.∑ Capital Investments, LLC, also located in Enterprise, AL. have led in their respective commu- f Whit has earned many recognitions nities, professions, and families. From NASA to the Pentagon, from the arts TRIBUTE TO SAMUEL S. LIONEL for his contributions, among them a Silver Beaver Award for Outstanding to the sciences, and from business to ∑ Ms. ROSEN. Mr. President, it is my Service to the Boy Scouts and the 1975 public service, there are few facets of distinct honor to recognize Samuel S. Alabama Jaycees’ Outstanding Young American life and history in which a Lionel, who is celebrating his 100th Man of Alabama Award. He earned his Sigma Nu initiate has not made his birthday. Considered the ‘‘Dean’’ of the bachelor’s degree and master of science mark. Nevada Bar, Sam’s defense of Nevada in finance with a focus in banking from When this Nation has called upon its values stands as a strong reminder of the University of Alabama. citizen-soldiers, Sigma Nu initiates the tremendous work he has done for At home in the Wiregrass, Whit is have answered that call. They have our State. married to Dr. Rebecca Brown Arm- fought and died in every major conflict For decades, Sam has represented strong. They have a son, Whit Junior, since the Civil War. Its members are one of the largest law firms in Nevada, and four grandchildren, Whit III, Char- veterans of every branch of the Armed fighting for critically important issues lotte, James, and Katrina Armstrong. Forces, including two Medal of Honor such as our thriving tourism industry An engaged resident in his community, recipients. Sigma Nus have understood and defending Nevada’s unique western Whit is an active member of First the price of freedom and been willing heritage. The dedication he has placed United Methodist Church of Enterprise. to make the ultimate sacrifice for it.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:37 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A04AP6.018 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2269 The 12,000 collegiate members on Parental Child Abduction Month and ex- INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND campuses across the country today pressing the sense of the Senate that Con- JOINT RESOLUTIONS gress should raise awareness of the harm serve their communities in student The following bills and joint resolu- government, interfraternity councils, caused by international parental child ab- duction. tions were introduced, read the first athletic teams, and other student orga- By Mr. RISCH, from the Committee on and second times by unanimous con- nizations. Last year, these young fu- Foreign Relations, without amendment and sent, and referred as indicated: ture leaders of our Nation performed with a preamble: By Mr. CASEY (for himself, Mr. WHITE- over 375,000 hours of community serv- S. Res. 27. A resolution calling for a HOUSE, Ms. SMITH, Ms. STABENOW, Mr. ice and raised over $2 million for phil- prompt multinational freedom of navigation MENENDEZ, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. BROWN, anthropic causes. operation in the Black Sea and urging the Ms. CORTEZ MASTO, Mrs. GILLIBRAND, cancellation of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline. Whether it is through its award-win- Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. CARDIN, Ms. KLO- By Mr. RISCH, from the Committee on ning ethical leadership development BUCHAR, and Mr. MERKLEY): Foreign Relations, without amendment and program, LEAD, or through the S. 1026. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- with an amended preamble: enue Code of 1986 to allow workers an above- mentorship of more than 2,000 volun- S. Res. 35. A resolution supporting demo- teer advisors, Sigma Nu continues to the-line deduction for union dues and ex- cratic principles and standards in Bolivia penses and to allow a miscellaneous itemized be at the forefront of developing the and throughout Latin America. deduction for workers for all unreimbursed minds, hearts, and character of its ini- S. Res. 67. A resolution expressing the expenses incurred in the trade or business of tiates, inspiring them to excel with the sense of the Senate on the importance and being an employee; to the Committee on Fi- timeless value of honor. vitality of the United States alliances with nance. Today, in its 150th year, Sigma Nu Japan and the Republic of Korea, and our By Ms. BALDWIN (for herself, Mr. trilateral cooperation in the pursuit of Fraternity calls upon its initiates to BLUMENTHAL, Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. MAR- shared interests. KEY, Mr. MURPHY, and Ms. STABE- renew that legacy, to reflect on the By Mr. RISCH, from the Committee on principles of its founders, and to com- NOW): Foreign Relations, without amendment and S. 1027. A bill to clarify the status of the mit to a strong future for this es- with a preamble: North Country, Ice Age, and New England teemed brotherhood. As a proud ini- S. Res. 95. A resolution recognizing the National Scenic Trails as units of the Na- tiate of Sigma Nu Fraternity, I would 198th anniversary of the independence of tional Park System, and for other purposes; like to congratulate the fraternity on Greece and celebrating democracy in Greece to the Committee on Energy and Natural Re- achieving 150 years of love, honor, and and the United States. sources. S. Res. 96. A resolution commending the By Ms. WARREN (for herself, Mr. truth and to wish it many more years Government of Canada for upholding the rule to come.∑ GARDNER, Mr. BENNET, Ms. CORTEZ of law and expressing concern over actions MASTO, Mr. CRAMER, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, f by the Government of the People’s Republic Ms. MURKOWSKI, Mr. PAUL, Mr. SUL- of China in response to a request from the MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT LIVAN, and Mr. WYDEN): United States Government to the Govern- S. 1028. A bill to amend the Controlled Sub- Messages from the President of the ment of Canada for the extradition of a stances Act to provide for a new rule regard- United States were communicated to Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. executive. ing the application of the Act to marihuana, and for other purposes; to the Committee on the Senate by Ms. Ridgway, one of his f secretaries. the Judiciary. By Mr. CORNYN (for himself and Mrs. EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF f FEINSTEIN): COMMITTEES EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED S. 1029. A bill to allow the use of certified The following executive reports of facility dogs in criminal proceedings in Fed- As in executive session the Presiding nominations were submitted: eral courts, and for other purposes; to the Officer laid before the Senate messages Committee on the Judiciary. By Ms. MURKOWSKI for the Committee on By Mr. CRUZ (for himself, Mr. PAUL, from the President of the United Energy and Natural Resources. States submitting sundry nominations and Mr. LEE): *Susan Combs, of Texas, to be an Assistant S. 1030. A bill to allow individuals to and a withdrawal which were referred Secretary of the Interior. to the appropriate committees. choose to opt out of the Medicare part A ben- *Aimee Kathryn Jorjani, of Wisconsin, to efit; to the Committee on Finance. (The messages received today are be Chairman of the Advisory Council on His- By Mr. HAWLEY: printed at the end of the Senate pro- toric Preservation for a term expiring Janu- S. 1031. A bill to implement recommenda- ceedings.) ary 19, 2021. tions related to the safety of amphibious *David Bernhardt, of Virginia, to be Sec- f passenger vessels, and for other purposes; to retary of the Interior. the Committee on Commerce, Science, and MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE By Mr. GRAHAM for the Committee on the Transportation. Judiciary. By Mr. PORTMAN (for himself and Ms. ENROLLED BILL SIGNED Daniel P. Collins, of California, to be SMITH): At 11:03 a.m., a message from the United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth S. 1032. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- House of Representatives, delivered by Circuit. enue Code of 1986 to modify the definition of Mrs. Cole, one of its reading clerks, an- Kenneth Kiyul Lee, of California, to be income for purposes of determining the tax- nounced that the Speaker has signed United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth exempt status of certain corporations; to the Circuit. the following enrolled bill: Committee on Finance. James Wesley Hendrix, of Texas, to be By Mr. WHITEHOUSE (for himself, Mr. H.R. 276. An act to direct the Secretary of United States District Judge for the North- BROWN, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. DURBIN, Education to establish the Recognizing In- ern District of Texas. spiring School Employees (RISE) Award Pro- Mr. MENENDEZ, and Ms. HARRIS): Sean D. Jordan, of Texas, to be United S. 1033. A bill to amend the Public Health gram recognizing excellence exhibited by States District Judge for the Eastern Dis- Service Act to establish a public health in- classified school employees providing serv- trict of Texas. surance option, and for other purposes; to ices to students in prekindergarten through Mark T. Pittman, of Texas, to be United the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, high school. States District Judge for the Northern Dis- and Pensions. trict of Texas. The enrolled bill was subsequently By Mr. BROWN (for himself, Ms. BALD- Nick Edward Proffitt, of Virginia, to be signed by the President pro tempore WIN, Mr. TESTER, Mr. BLUMENTHAL, United States Marshal for the Eastern Dis- (Mr. GRASSLEY). Mr. REED, Mrs. MURRAY, Ms. STABE- trict of Virginia for the term of four years. NOW, Mrs. GILLIBRAND, Mr. MURPHY, f *Nomination was reported with rec- Mr. SANDERS, and Mr. DURBIN): REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ommendation that it be confirmed sub- S. 1034. A bill to amend title 38, United ject to the nominee’s commitment to States Code, to increase the maximum age The following reports of committees for children eligible for medical care under were submitted: respond to requests to appear and tes- tify before any duly constituted com- the CHAMPVA program, and for other pur- By Mr. RISCH, from the Committee on poses; to the Committee on Veterans’ Af- Foreign Relations, without amendment and mittee of the Senate. fairs. with an amended preamble: (Nominations without an asterisk By Mr. ROUNDS (for himself, Mr. S. Res. 23. A resolution supporting the were reported with the recommenda- LANKFORD, Mr. CRAMER, Mr. INHOFE, goals and ideals of Countering International tion that they be confirmed.) Mr. HAWLEY, Mrs. HYDE-SMITH, Mr.

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RISCH, Mr. DAINES, Mrs. BLACKBURN, S. 1044. A bill to impose sanctions with re- covery of rare earth elements and minerals Ms. ERNST, Mr. ENZI, Mr. THUNE, Mr. spect to foreign traffickers of illicit opioids, from coal and coal byproducts, and for other MORAN, and Mr. SCOTT of South Caro- and for other purposes; to the Committee on purposes; to the Committee on Energy and lina): Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Natural Resources. S. 1035. A bill to amend title 18, United By Mr. YOUNG (for himself and Mr. By Mr. COONS (for himself and Ms. States Code, to prohibit dismemberment JONES): KLOBUCHAR): abortions, and for other purposes; to the S. 1045. A bill to amend the Public Health S. 1053. A bill to establish a universal per- Committee on the Judiciary. Service Act to expand the authority of the sonal savings program, and for other pur- By Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Mr. KING, Secretary of Health and Human Services to poses; to the Committee on Finance. Ms. SMITH, and Ms. SINEMA): permit nurses to practice in health care fa- By Mr. CORNYN (for himself, Mr. SUL- S. 1036. A bill to expand the use of open cilities with critical shortages of nurses LIVAN, Mr. CRUZ, and Ms. MUR- textbooks in order to achieve savings for stu- through programs for loan repayment and KOWSKI): dents and improve textbook price informa- scholarships for nurses; to the Committee on S. 1054. A bill to amend title 54, United tion; to the Committee on Health, Edu- Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. States Code, to establish a program to allow cation, Labor, and Pensions. By Ms. CORTEZ MASTO (for herself, States to assume certain Federal respon- By Mr. BARRASSO (for himself and Mr. GARDNER, Mr. JONES, Mr. JOHN- sibilities under that title with respect to Ms. SMITH): SON, Ms. BALDWIN, and Mrs. BLACK- agency actions applicable to highway S. 1037. A bill to amend title XVIII of the BURN): projects within the States, and for other pur- Social Security Act to modernize provisions S. 1046. A bill to establish the Office of poses; to the Committee on Environment and relating to rural health clinics under Medi- Internet Connectivity and Growth, and for Public Works. care; to the Committee on Finance. other purposes; to the Committee on Com- By Mrs. SHAHEEN (for herself and Mr. By Mrs. FISCHER: merce, Science, and Transportation. MURPHY): S. 1038. A bill to strengthen highway fund- By Mr. TESTER (for himself, Ms. S. 1055. A bill to amend the Homeland Se- ing in the near term, to offer States addi- HIRONO, and Mr. BLUMENTHAL): curity Act of 2002 regarding the procurement tional financing tools, and for other pur- S. 1047. A bill to amend title 38, United of certain items related to national security poses; to the Committee on Homeland Secu- States Code, to create a dependency and in- interests for Department of Homeland Secu- rity and Governmental Affairs. demnity compensation allowance for sur- rity frontline operational components, and By Mr. UDALL (for himself, Mr. PAUL, viving spouses receiving dependency and in- for other purposes; to the Committee on Mr. DURBIN, Mr. LEAHY, Mrs. FEIN- demnity compensation from the Department Homeland Security and Governmental Af- STEIN, Mr. SANDERS, Mr. MERKLEY, of Veterans Affairs, and for other purposes; fairs. Mr. HEINRICH, Mr. MURPHY, Mr. MAR- to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. By Mrs. HYDE–SMITH: KEY, Mr. SCHATZ, and Ms. HIRONO): By Mr. BLUMENTHAL (for himself, S. 1039. A bill to limit the use of funds for S. 1056. A bill to clarify oversight and ju- kinetic military operations in or against Mr. WYDEN, Mr. MERKLEY, Mr. REED, risdiction over the regulation, inspection, Iran; to the Committee on Foreign Rela- Mr. DURBIN, Mr. BROWN, and Mr. and labeling of cell-cultured meat and poul- tions. MARKEY): try, and for other purposes; to the Com- S. 1048. A bill to amend the Public Health By Ms. DUCKWORTH (for herself, Ms. mittee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and For- Service Act to provide for a Reducing Youth CORTEZ MASTO, Ms. HIRONO, Mr. estry. Use of E-Cigarettes Initiative; to the Com- BLUMENTHAL, Mr. WYDEN, Mr. By Mr. TESTER (for himself, Mr. mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and ANCHIN INEMA MERKLEY, and Mrs. GILLIBRAND): M , and Ms. S ): S. 1040. A bill to require the Secretary of Pensions. S.J. Res. 18. A joint resolution proposing a Homeland Security to identify each alien By Mrs. SHAHEEN (for herself, Ms. balanced budget amendment to the Constitu- who is serving, or has served, in the Armed BALDWIN, Mr. BENNET, Mr. tion of the United States; to the Committee Forces of the United States on the applica- BLUMENTHAL, Mr. BOOKER, Mr. on the Judiciary. tion of any such alien for an immigration BROWN, Mr. COONS, Ms. CORTEZ f benefit or the placement of any such alien in MASTO, Ms. DUCKWORTH, Mrs. GILLI- an immigration enforcement proceeding, and BRAND, Ms. HIRONO, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND for other purposes; to the Committee on the Mr. LEAHY, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. MENEN- SENATE RESOLUTIONS Judiciary. DEZ, Mr. REED, Mr. SANDERS, Ms. The following concurrent resolutions STABENOW, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, Mr. By Ms. DUCKWORTH (for herself, Ms. and Senate resolutions were read, and WHITEHOUSE, Mr. WYDEN, Mr. KAINE, HIRONO, Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Mr. referred (or acted upon), as indicated: MERKLEY, and Mr. WYDEN): Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. CARDIN, Mr. DUR- S. 1041. A bill to require the Secretary of BIN, Ms. HARRIS, Mr. MERKLEY, Mr. By Mr. CARDIN (for himself and Mr. Homeland Security to establish a veterans MURPHY, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. PETERS, WICKER): visa program to permit veterans who have Ms. ROSEN, Mr. TESTER, and Ms. S. Res. 141. A resolution celebrating the been removed from the United States to re- WARREN): heritage of Romani Americans; to the Com- turn as immigrants, and for other purposes; S. 1049. A bill to amend title 10, United mittee on Foreign Relations. to the Committee on the Judiciary. States Code, to ensure that members of the By Mr. MARKEY (for himself, Mr. By Ms. DUCKWORTH (for herself, Ms. Armed Forces and their families have access RUBIO, Mr. DURBIN, Mrs. BLACKBURN, HIRONO, Mr. BLUMENTHAL, and Mr. to the contraception they need in order to and Mr. COONS): WYDEN): promote the health and readiness of all S. Res. 142. A resolution condemning the S. 1042. A bill to amend the Immigration members of the Armed Forces, and for other Government of the Philippines for its contin- and Nationality Act to allow certain alien purposes; to the Committee on Armed Serv- ued detention of Senator Leila De Lima, veterans to be paroled into the United States ices. calling for her immediate release, and for to receive health care furnished by the Sec- By Mr. CORNYN (for himself, Mr. SUL- other purposes; to the Committee on Foreign retary of Veterans Affairs; to the Committee LIVAN, Mr. CRUZ, Ms. MURKOWSKI, and Relations. on the Judiciary. Mrs. FISCHER): By Mr. CRAMER (for himself, Mr. By Mr. LEE (for himself, Mr. BAR- S. 1050. A bill to amend the Federal Water RUBIO, and Mr. CRUZ): RASSO, Mr. CRUZ, Mr. CRAPO, Mr. Pollution Control Act to increase the ability S. Res. 143. A resolution recognizing BOOZMAN, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. RUBIO, of a State to administer a permit program Israeli-American culture and heritage and Mr. PERDUE, Mr. THUNE, Mr. RISCH, under that Act, and for other purposes; to the contributions of the Israeli-American Mr. MCCONNELL, Mr. COTTON, Ms. the Committee on Environment and Public community to the United States; to the MCSALLY, Mr. TOOMEY, Mr. SCOTT of Works. Committee on the Judiciary. South Carolina, Mr. WICKER, Mr. By Mr. CORNYN (for himself, Mr. SUL- By Mr. DAINES (for himself, Mr. ENZI, Mrs. HYDE-SMITH, Mr. BRAUN, LIVAN, Mr. CRUZ, and Ms. MUR- TESTER, Mr. HOEVEN, Mr. ROUNDS, Mr. ROUNDS, Mrs. BLACKBURN, Mr. KOWSKI): Ms. WARREN, Mr. GARDNER, Mr. BLUNT, Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. HAWLEY, S. 1051. A bill to amend the Endangered CRAPO, Mr. LANKFORD, and Ms. MUR- Mr. ROBERTS, Mr. CRAMER, Mr. JOHN- Species Act of 1973 to establish a program to KOWSKI): SON, Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. ROMNEY, Mr. allow States to assume certain Federal re- S. Res. 144. A resolution designating May 5, MORAN, and Mrs. CAPITO): sponsibilities under that Act with respect to 2019, as the ‘‘National Day of Awareness for S. 1043. A bill to amend the Fair Labor agency actions applicable to highway Missing and Murdered Native Women and Standards Act of 1938 to provide compen- projects within the States, and for other pur- Girls’’; to the Committee on the Judiciary. satory time for employees in the private sec- poses; to the Committee on Environment and By Mr. BROWN (for himself and Mr. tor; to the Committee on Health, Education, Public Works. PORTMAN): Labor, and Pensions. By Mr. MANCHIN (for himself, Mrs. S. Res. 145. A resolution commemorating By Mr. SCHUMER (for himself, Mr. CAPITO, and Ms. MURKOWSKI): the bicentennial of the birth of Rabbi Isaac COTTON, Mr. BROWN, Mr. RUBIO, Mr. S. 1052. A bill to authorize the Office of Mayer Wise and the 130th anniversary of the MENENDEZ, Mrs. SHAHEEN, and Mr. Fossil Energy to develop advanced separa- founding of the Central Conference of Amer- TOOMEY): tion technologies for the extraction and re- ican Rabbis; considered and agreed to.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:37 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A04AP6.024 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2271 By Mr. WICKER (for himself and Mr. kota (Mr. CRAMER), the Senator from BRAUN) was added as a cosponsor of S. LEAHY): Maine (Ms. COLLINS) and the Senator 692, a bill to amend the Internal Rev- S. Res. 146. A resolution recognizing the from Massachusetts (Ms. WARREN) were enue Code of 1986 to repeal the excise centennial of the Institute of International Education; considered and agreed to. added as cosponsors of S. 286, a bill to tax on medical devices. By Mr. GARDNER (for himself, Mr. amend title XVIII of the Social Secu- S. 729 MARKEY, Mr. INHOFE, Mr. MENENDEZ, rity Act to provide for the coverage of At the request of Mr. SCHUMER, the and Mr. RISCH): marriage and family therapist services name of the Senator from California S. Con. Res. 13. A concurrent resolution re- and mental health counselor services (Ms. HARRIS) was added as a cosponsor affirming the United States commitment to under part B of the Medicare program, of S. 729, a bill to prohibit the use of Taiwan and to the implementation of the Taiwan Relations Act; to the Committee on and for other purposes. funds to Federal agencies to establish a Foreign Relations. S. 431 panel, task force, advisory committee, f At the request of Ms. BALDWIN, the or other effort to challenge the sci- name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. entific consensus on climate change, ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS BROWN) was added as a cosponsor of S. and for other purposes. S. 16 431, a bill to promote registered ap- S. 792 At the request of Mr. RUBIO, the prenticeships and on-the-job training At the request of Ms. BALDWIN, the name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr. for small and medium-sized businesses name of the Senator from Minnesota PERDUE) was added as a cosponsor of S. within in-demand industry sectors, (Ms. SMITH) was added as a cosponsor 16, a bill to amend title VII of the Tar- through the establishment and support of S. 792, a bill to require enforcement iff Act of 1930 to provide for the treat- of eligible partnerships. against misbranded milk alternatives. ment of core seasonal industries af- S. 517 S. 851 fected by antidumping or counter- At the request of Mr. CRUZ, the name At the request of Ms. BALDWIN, the vailing duty investigations, and for of the Senator from South Dakota (Mr. name of the Senator from Maryland other purposes. ROUNDS) was added as a cosponsor of S. (Mr. CARDIN) was added as a cosponsor S. 66 517, a bill to establish a tiered hiring of S. 851, a bill to direct the Secretary At the request of Mrs. FEINSTEIN, the preference for members of the reserve of Labor to issue an occupational safe- name of the Senator from Nevada (Ms. components of the Armed Forces. ty and health standard that requires OSEN R ) was added as a cosponsor of S. S. 567 covered employers within the health 66, a bill to regulate assault weapons, At the request of Mr. CRUZ, the care and social service industries to de- to ensure that the right to keep and names of the Senator from Indiana velop and implement a comprehensive bear arms is not unlimited, and for (Mr. BRAUN), the Senator from Okla- workplace violence prevention plan, other purposes. homa (Mr. INHOFE), the Senator from and for other purposes. S. 151 Kentucky (Mr. MCCONNELL), the Sen- S. 874 At the request of Mr. THUNE, the ator from Tennessee (Mrs. BLACKBURN), At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the names of the Senator from Nevada (Ms. the Senator from South Dakota (Mr. names of the Senator from Alaska (Ms. CORTEZ MASTO), the Senator from THUNE), the Senator from North Caro- MURKOWSKI), the Senator from New Maryland (Mr. VAN HOLLEN) and the lina (Mr. BURR), the Senator from Ohio York (Mr. SCHUMER), the Senator from Senator from Wyoming (Mr. BARRASSO) (Mr. PORTMAN), the Senator from Idaho Colorado (Mr. GARDNER) and the Sen- were added as cosponsors of S. 151, a (Mr. RISCH), the Senator from Wis- bill to deter criminal robocall viola- ator from Nevada (Ms. CORTEZ MASTO) consin (Mr. JOHNSON), the Senator from tions and improve enforcement of sec- were added as cosponsors of S. 874, a North Carolina (Mr. TILLIS), the Sen- tion 227(b) of the Communications Act bill to authorize the cancellation of re- ator from Montana (Mr. DAINES) and of 1934, and for other purposes. moval and adjustment of status of cer- the Senator from Kansas (Mr. ROB- tain individuals who are long-term S. 169 ERTS) were added as cosponsors of S. United States residents and who en- At the request of Mr. CORNYN, the 567, a bill clarifying that it is United name of the Senator from Mississippi tered the United States as children, States policy to recognize Israel’s sov- and for other purposes. (Mr. WICKER) was added as a cosponsor ereignty over the Golan Heights. of S. 169, a bill to amend the Internal S. 879 Revenue Code of 1986 to provide an ex- S. 596 At the request of Mr. VAN HOLLEN, emption from gross income for civil At the request of Mr. BARRASSO, the the name of the Senator from Massa- damages as recompense for trafficking name of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. chusetts (Mr. MARKEY) was added as a in persons. ROBERTS) was added as a cosponsor of cosponsor of S. 879, a bill to provide a S. 596, a bill to amend title XVIII of the S. 246 process for granting lawful permanent Social Security Act to provide for di- At the request of Mr. MURPHY, the resident status to aliens from certain name of the Senator from Minnesota rect payment to physician assistants countries who meet specified eligibility under the Medicare program for certain (Ms. SMITH) was added as a cosponsor requirements, and for other purposes. of S. 246, a bill to block the implemen- services furnished by such physician S. 880 tation of certain presidential actions assistants. At the request of Ms. STABENOW, the that restrict individuals from certain S. 598 names of the Senator from Alabama countries from entering the United At the request of Mr. PETERS, the (Mr. JONES) and the Senator from States. name of the Senator from Idaho (Mr. Idaho (Mr. CRAPO) were added as co- S. 260 RISCH) was added as a cosponsor of S. sponsors of S. 880, a bill to provide out- At the request of Mr. CASEY, the 598, a bill to amend title 38, United reach and reporting on comprehensive name of the Senator from New York States Code, to increase certain funeral Alzheimer’s disease care planning serv- (Mrs. GILLIBRAND) was added as a co- benefits for veterans, and for other pur- ices furnished under the Medicare pro- sponsor of S. 260, a bill to assist em- poses. gram. ployers providing employment under S. 684 S. 950 special certificates issued under sec- At the request of Mr. HEINRICH, the At the request of Ms. STABENOW, the tion 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards names of the Senator from Arizona name of the Senator from New Hamp- Act of 1938 to transform their business (Ms. MCSALLY) and the Senator from shire (Ms. HASSAN) was added as a co- and program models, to support indi- Arizona (Ms. SINEMA) were added as co- sponsor of S. 950, a bill to require the viduals with disabilities to transition sponsors of S. 684, a bill to amend the Director of the United States Geologi- to competitive integrated employment, Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to repeal cal Survey to perform a nationwide to phase out the use of such special the excise tax on high-cost employer- survey of perfluorinated compounds, certificates, and for other purposes. sponsored health coverage. and for other purposes. S. 286 S. 692 S. 952 At the request of Mr. BARRASSO, the At the request of Mr. TOOMEY, the At the request of Mr. COTTON, the names of the Senator from North Da- name of the Senator from Indiana (Mr. name of the Senator from Arkansas

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:37 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A04AP6.027 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2272 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 (Mr. BOOZMAN) was added as a cospon- ERNST) and the Senator from Pennsyl- (2) According to the College Board, during sor of S. 952, a bill to provide that the vania (Mr. CASEY) were added as co- the 2017–2018 academic year, the average stu- Federal Communications Commission sponsors of S. Res. 123, a resolution dent budget for college books and supplies at 4-year public institutions of higher edu- may not prevent a State or Federal supporting the North Atlantic Treaty cation was $1,240. correctional facility from utilizing Organization and recognizing its 70 (3) The Government Accountability Office jamming equipment, and for other pur- years of accomplishments. found that new textbook prices increased 82 poses. S. RES. 135 percent between 2002 and 2012 and that al- S. 962 At the request of Mr. BOOZMAN, the though Federal efforts to increase price transparency have provided students and At the request of Mr. SANDERS, the names of the Senator from Oklahoma families with more and better information, name of the Senator from Massachu- (Mr. INHOFE), the Senator from Ten- more must be done to address rising costs. setts (Mr. MARKEY) was added as a co- nessee (Mrs. BLACKBURN), the Senator (4) The growth of the internet has enabled sponsor of S. 962, a bill to provide fund- from Missouri (Mr. BLUNT), the Senator the creation and sharing of digital content, ing for Federally qualified health cen- from New Hampshire (Mrs. SHAHEEN), including open educational resources that ters and the National Health Service the Senator from California (Ms. HAR- can be freely used by students, teachers, and Corps. RIS), the Senator from Alabama (Mr. members of the public. (5) According to the Student PIRGs, ex- S. 995 JONES), the Senator from Washington panded use of open educational resources has (Ms. CANTWELL), the Senator from New At the request of Ms. COLLINS, the the potential to save students more than a name of the Senator from Wisconsin Mexico (Mr. UDALL), the Senator from billion dollars annually. (Ms. BALDWIN) was added as a cospon- Maryland (Mr. VAN HOLLEN), the Sen- (6) Federal investment in expanding the sor of S. 995, a bill to amend title XXIX ator from Maine (Ms. COLLINS), the use of open educational resources could sig- of the Public Health Service Act to re- Senator from Indiana (Mr. BRAUN), the nificantly lower college textbook costs and authorize the program under such title Senator from Alaska (Ms. MURKOWSKI), reduce financial barriers to higher edu- relating to lifespan respite care. the Senator from Wyoming (Mr. BAR- cation, while making efficient use of tax- RASSO), the Senator from Connecticut payer funds. S. 1022 (7) Educational materials, including open (Mr. MURPHY), the Senator from Illi- At the request of Mr. MARKEY, the educational resources, must be accessible to name of the Senator from Maryland nois (Mr. DURBIN) and the Senator from the widest possible range of individuals, in- Mississippi (Mr. WICKER) were added as (Mr. CARDIN) was added as a cosponsor cluding those with disabilities. of S. 1022, a bill to clarify the effect of cosponsors of S. Res. 135, a resolution SEC. 3. OPEN TEXTBOOK GRANT PROGRAM. certain final rules and determinations expressing the gratitude and apprecia- (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: (1) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The of the Environmental Protection Agen- tion of the Senate for the acts of her- oism and valor by the members of the term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has cy relating to greenhouse gas emis- the meaning given the term in section 101 of sions standards for light-duty vehicles. United States Armed Forces who par- ticipated in the June 6, 1944, amphib- the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. S.J. RES. 13 1001). ious landing at Normandy, France, and (2) OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE.—The At the request of Mr. KAINE, the commending those individuals for lead- name of the Senator from Utah (Mr. term ‘‘open educational resource’’ has the ership and bravery in an operation that meaning given the term in section 133 of the LEE) was added as a cosponsor of S.J. helped bring an end to World War II. Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. Res. 13, a joint resolution to repeal the AMENDMENT NO. 246 1015b). authorizations for use of military force (3) OPEN TEXTBOOK.—The term ‘‘open text- At the request of Mr. LEAHY, the against Iraq, and for other purposes. book’’ means an open educational resource names of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. S. CON. RES. 9 or set of open educational resources that ei- DURBIN) and the Senator from West At the request of Mr. ROBERTS, the ther is a textbook or can be used in place of Virginia (Mr. MANCHIN) were added as names of the Senator from Minnesota a textbook for a postsecondary course at an cosponsors of amendment No. 246 in- institution of higher education. (Ms. SMITH) and the Senator from Ohio tended to be proposed to H.R. 268, a bill (4) RELEVANT FACULTY.—The term ‘‘rel- (Mr. PORTMAN) were added as cospon- making supplemental appropriations evant faculty’’ means both tenure track and sors of S. Con. Res. 9, a concurrent res- for the fiscal year ending September 30, contingent faculty members who may be in- olution expressing the sense of Con- 2019, and for other purposes. volved in the creation or use of open text- gress that tax-exempt fraternal benefit books created as part of an application under societies have historically provided f subsection (d). and continue to provide critical bene- STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED (5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ fits to the people and communities of BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS means the Secretary of Education. (6) SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL.—The term the United States. By Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Mr. ‘‘supplemental material’’ has the meaning S. RES. 98 KING, Ms. SMITH, and Ms. given the term in section 133 of the Higher At the request of Mrs. BLACKBURN, SINEMA): Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1015b). the name of the Senator from Arizona S. 1036. A bill to expand the use of (b) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.—From the amounts appropriated under subsection (k), (Ms. SINEMA) was added as a cosponsor open textbooks in order to achieve sav- the Secretary shall make grants, on a com- of S. Res. 98, a resolution establishing ings for students and improve textbook petitive basis, to eligible entities to support the Congressional Gold Star Family price information; to the Committee projects that expand the use of open text- Fellowship Program for the placement on Health, Education, Labor, and Pen- books in order to achieve savings for stu- in offices of Senators of children, sions. dents while maintaining or improving in- spouses, and siblings of members of the Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask struction and student learning outcomes. Armed Forces who are hostile casual- unanimous consent that the text of the (c) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—In this section, the term ‘‘eligible entity’’ means an institution ties or who have died from a training- bill be printed in the RECORD. of higher education, a group of institutions related injury. There being no objection, the text of of higher education, or States on behalf of S. RES. 120 the bill was ordered to be printed in institutions of higher education. At the request of Mr. CARDIN, the the RECORD, as follows: (d) APPLICATIONS.— name of the Senator from Mississippi S. 1036 (1) IN GENERAL.—Each eligible entity desir- ing a grant under this section, after con- (Mr. WICKER) was added as a cosponsor Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- sultation with relevant faculty, shall submit of S. Res. 120, a resolution opposing ef- resentatives of the United States of America in an application to the Secretary at such time, forts to delegitimize the State of Israel Congress assembled, in such manner, and accompanied by such in- and the Global Boycott, Divestment, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. formation as the Secretary may reasonably and Sanctions Movement targeting This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Affordable require. Israel. College Textbook Act’’. (2) CONTENTS.—Each application submitted SEC. 2. FINDINGS. under paragraph (1) shall include a descrip- S. RES. 123 Congress finds the following: tion of the project to be completed with At the request of Mr. RISCH, the (1) The high cost of college textbooks con- grant funds and— names of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. tinues to be a barrier for many students in (A) a plan for promoting and tracking the PORTMAN), the Senator from Iowa (Ms. achieving higher education. use of open textbooks in postsecondary

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:37 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A04AP6.030 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2273 courses offered by the eligible entity, includ- in part under this section shall be made ‘‘(E) Whether the college textbook or sup- ing an estimate of the projected savings that available free of charge to the public— plemental material is an open educational will be achieved for students; (1) on an easily accessible and interoper- resource.’’; (B) a plan for evaluating, before creating able website, which shall be identified to the (3) in subsection (d)— new open textbooks, whether existing open Secretary by the eligible entity; (A) in the subsection heading, by striking textbooks could be used or adapted for the (2) in a machine readable, digital format ‘‘ISBN’’; and same purpose; that anyone can directly download, edit with (B) in paragraph (1)— (C) a plan for quality review and review of attribution, and redistribute; and (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph accuracy of any open textbooks to be created (3) in a format that conforms to accessi- (A)— or adapted through the grant; bility standards under section 508 of the Re- (I) by striking ‘‘disclose, on the institu- (D) a plan for assessing the impact of open habilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794d), tion’s Internet course schedule and in a man- textbooks on instruction and student learn- where feasible. ner of the institution’s choosing, the Inter- ing outcomes at the eligible entity; (i) REPORT.—Upon an eligible entity’s com- national Standard Book Number and retail (E) a plan for disseminating information pletion of a project supported under this sec- price information’’ and inserting ‘‘verify and about the results of the project to institu- tion, the eligible entity shall prepare and disclose (on, or through a link from, the in- tions of higher education outside of the eligi- submit a report to the Secretary regarding— stitution’s Internet course schedule and in a ble entity, including promoting the adoption (1) the effectiveness of the project in ex- manner of the institution’s choosing) the of any open textbooks created or adapted panding the use of open textbooks and in International Standard Book Number and re- through the grant; and achieving savings for students; tail price information’’; (F) a statement on consultation with rel- (2) the impact of the project on expanding (II) by striking ‘‘and retail price’’ and in- serting ‘‘, retail price, and any applicable evant faculty, including those engaged in the the use of open textbooks at institutions of fee’’; creation of open textbooks, in the develop- higher education outside of the eligible enti- (III) by inserting ‘‘, and whether each re- ment of the application. ty; quired and recommended textbook and sup- (e) SPECIAL CONSIDERATION.—In awarding (3) open textbooks, supplemental mate- plemental material is an open educational grants under this section, the Secretary rials, and informational resources created or resource,’’ after ‘‘supplemental materials’’; shall give special consideration to applica- adapted wholly or in part under the grant, and tions that demonstrate the greatest poten- including instructions on where the public (IV) by striking ‘‘used for preregistration tial to— can access each educational resource under and registration purposes’’; and (1) achieve the highest level of savings for the terms of subsection (h); (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘for a students through sustainable expanded use (4) the impact of the project on instruction of open textbooks in postsecondary courses college textbook or supplemental material, and student learning outcomes; and then the institution shall so indicate by offered by the eligible entity; (5) all project costs, including the value of (2) expand the use of open textbooks at in- placing the designation ‘To Be Determined’ ’’ any volunteer labor and institutional capital and inserting ‘‘or available for a college stitutions of higher education outside of the used for the project. eligible entity; and textbook or supplemental material, then the (3) produce— (j) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 2 institution shall indicate the status of such (A) the highest quality open textbooks; years after the date of enactment of this information’’; (B) open textbooks that can be most easily Act, the Secretary shall prepare and submit (4) by striking subsection (e) and inserting utilized and adapted by faculty members at a report to the Committee on Health, Edu- the following: institutions of higher education; cation, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate ‘‘(e) AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION FOR (C) open textbooks that correspond to the and the Committee on Education and Labor COLLEGE BOOKSTORES.— highest enrollment courses at institutions of of the House of Representatives detailing— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—An institution of higher higher education; (1) the open textbooks, supplemental mate- education receiving Federal financial assist- (D) open textbooks created or adapted in rials, and informational resources created or ance shall assist a college bookstore that is partnership with entities within institutions adapted wholly or in part under this section; operated by, or in a contractual relationship of higher education, including campus book- (2) the adoption of such open textbooks, in- or otherwise affiliated with, the institution, stores, that will assist in marketing and dis- cluding outside of the eligible entity; in obtaining required and recommended tribution of the open textbook; and (3) the savings generated for students, course materials information and such (E) open textbooks that are accessible to States, and the Federal Government through course schedule and enrollment information students with disabilities. projects supported under this section; and as is reasonably required to implement this (f) USE OF FUNDS.—An eligible entity that (4) the impact of projects supported under section so that such bookstore may— receives a grant under this section shall use this section on instruction and student ‘‘(A) verify availability of such materials; the grant funds to carry out any of the fol- learning outcomes. ‘‘(B) source lower cost options, including lowing activities to expand the use of open (k) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— presenting lower cost alternatives to faculty textbooks: There are authorized to be appropriated to for faculty to consider, when practicable; (1) Professional development for any fac- carry out this section such sums as are nec- and ulty and staff members at institutions of essary. ‘‘(C) maximize the availability of format options for students. higher education, including the search for SEC. 4. TEXTBOOK PRICE INFORMATION. and review of open textbooks. ‘‘(2) DUE DATES.—In carrying out paragraph (2) Creation or adaptation of open text- Section 133 of the Higher Education Act of (1), an institution of higher education may books. 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1015b) is amended— establish due dates for faculty or depart- (3) Development or improvement of supple- (1) in subsection (b)— ments to notify the campus bookstore of re- mental materials and informational re- (A) by striking paragraph (6) and inserting quired and recommended course materials.’’; sources that are necessary to support the use the following: (5) in subsection (f)— of open textbooks, including accessible in- ‘‘(6) OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE.—The (A) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) structional materials for students with dis- term ‘open educational resource’ means a as paragraphs (4) and (5); and abilities. teaching, learning, or research resource that (B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the fol- (4) Research evaluating the efficacy of the is offered freely to users in at least one form lowing: use of open textbooks for achieving savings and that resides in the public domain or has ‘‘(3) available open educational re- for students and the impact on instruction been released under an open copyright li- sources;’’; and and student learning outcomes. cense that allows for its free use, reuse, (6) by striking subsection (g) and redesig- (g) LICENSE.—For each open textbook, sup- modification, and sharing with attribution.’’; nating subsections (h) and (i) as subsections plemental material, or informational re- and (g) and (h), respectively. source created or adapted wholly or in part (B) in paragraph (9), by striking ‘‘textbook SEC. 5. SENSE OF CONGRESS. under this section that constitutes a new that’’ and all that follows through the period It is the sense of Congress that institutions copyrightable work, the eligible entity re- at the end and inserting ‘‘textbook that may of higher education should encourage the ceiving the grant shall release such text- include printed materials, computer disks, consideration of open textbooks by faculty book, material, or resource to the public website access, and electronically distrib- within the generally accepted principles of under a non-exclusive, royalty-free, per- uted materials.’’; academic freedom that establishes the right petual, and irrevocable license to exercise (2) in subsection (c)(1)— and responsibility of faculty members, indi- any of the rights under copyright condi- (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph vidually and collectively, to select course tioned only on the requirement that attribu- (A), by striking ‘‘or other person or adopting materials that are pedagogically most appro- tion be given as directed by the copyright entity in charge of selecting course mate- priate for their classes. owner. rials’’ and inserting ‘‘or other person or enti- SEC. 6. GAO REPORT. (h) ACCESS AND DISTRIBUTION.—The full and ty in charge of selecting or aiding in the dis- Not later than 3 years after the date of en- complete digital content of each open text- covery and procurement of course mate- actment of this Act, the Comptroller General book, supplemental material, or informa- rials’’; and of the United States shall prepare and sub- tional resource created or adapted wholly or (B) by adding at the end the following: mit a report to the Committee on Health,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:37 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A04AP6.034 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2274 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Sen- (1) The Centers for Disease Control and tions, the Committee on Homeland Security ate and the Committee on Education and Prevention estimate that from June 2017 and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Labor of the House of Representatives on the through June 2018 more than 48,000 people in the Judiciary, the Select Committee on In- cost of textbooks to students at institutions the United States died from an opioid over- telligence, and the majority leader and the of higher education. The report shall par- dose, with synthetic opioids (excluding minority leader of the Senate; and ticularly examine— methadone), contributing to a record 31,500 (B) the Committee on Armed Services, the (1) the implementation of section 133 of the overdose deaths. While drug overdose deaths Committee on Financial Services, the Com- Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. from methadone, semi-synthetic opioids, and mittee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on 1015b), as amended by section 4, including— heroin have decreased in recent months, Homeland Security, the Committee on the (A) the availability of college textbook and overdose deaths from synthetic opioids have Judiciary, the Permanent Select Committee open educational resource information on continued to increase. on Intelligence, and the Speaker and the mi- course schedules; (2) The objective of preventing the pro- nority leader of the House of Representa- (B) the compliance of publishers with ap- liferation of synthetic opioids though exist- tives. plicable requirements under such section; ing multilateral and bilateral initiatives re- (3) CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE; LISTED CHEM- and quires additional efforts to deny illicit ac- ICAL.—The terms ‘‘controlled substance’’, (C) the costs and benefits to institutions of tors the financial means to sustain their ‘‘listed chemical’’, ‘‘narcotic drug’’, and higher education and to students; markets and distribution networks. ‘‘opioid’’ have the meanings given those (2) the change in the cost of textbooks; (3) The People’s Republic of China is the terms in section 102 of the Controlled Sub- (3) the factors, including open textbooks, world’s largest producer of illicit fentanyl, stances Act (21 U.S.C. 802). that have contributed to the change of the fentanyl analogues, and their immediate pre- (4) ENTITY.—The term ‘‘entity’’ means a cost of textbooks; cursors. From the People’s Republic of partnership, joint venture, association, cor- (4) the extent to which open textbooks are China, those substances are shipped pri- poration, organization, network, group, or used at institutions of higher education; and marily through express consignment carriers subgroup, or any form of business collabora- (5) how institutions are tracking the im- or international mail directly to the United tion. pact of open textbooks on instruction and States, or, alternatively, shipped directly to (5) FOREIGN OPIOID TRAFFICKER.—The term student learning outcomes. transnational criminal organizations in Mex- ‘‘foreign opioid trafficker’’ means any for- ico, Canada, and the Caribbean. eign person that the President determines By Mr. SCHUMER (for himself, (4) In 2015, Mexican heroin accounted for 93 plays a significant role in opioid trafficking. Mr. COTTON, Mr. BROWN, Mr. percent of the total weight of heroin seized (6) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign RUBIO, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mrs. in the United States, transported to the person’’— SHAHEEN, and Mr. TOOMEY): United States by transnational criminal or- (A) means— S. 1044. A bill to impose sanctions ganizations that maintain territorial influ- (i) any citizen or national of a foreign with respect to foreign traffickers of il- ence over large regions in Mexico and remain country; or the greatest criminal drug threat to the (ii) any entity not organized under the licit opioids, and for other purposes; to United States. laws of the United States or a jurisdiction the Committee on Banking, Housing, (5) The United States and the People’s Re- within the United States; and and Urban Affairs. public of China, Mexico, and Canada have (B) does not include the government of a Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I ask made important strides in combating the il- foreign country. unanimous consent that the text of the licit flow of opioids through bilateral efforts (7) KNOWINGLY.—The term ‘‘knowingly’’, bill be printed in the RECORD. of their respective law enforcement agencies. with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a There being no objection, the text of (6) Insufficient regulation of synthetic result, means that a person has actual the bill was ordered to be printed in opioid production and export and insufficient knowledge, or should have known, of the law enforcement efforts to combat opioid conduct, the circumstance, or the result. the RECORD, as follows: trafficking in the People’s Republic of China (8) OPIOID TRAFFICKING.—The term ‘‘opioid S. 1044 and Mexico continue to contribute to a flood trafficking’’ means any illicit activity— Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- of opioids into the United States. (A) to cultivate, produce, manufacture, dis- resentatives of the United States of America in (7) While the Department of the Treasury tribute, sell, or knowingly finance or trans- Congress assembled, used the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designa- port illicit opioids, controlled substances SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. tion Act (21 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.) to sanction that are opioids, listed chemicals that are (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the first synthetic opioid trafficking entity opioids, or active pharmaceutical ingredi- the ‘‘Fentanyl Sanctions Act’’. in April 2018, precision economic and finan- ents or chemicals that are used in the pro- (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of con- cial sanctions policy tools are needed to ad- duction of controlled substances that are tents for this Act is as follows: dress the flow of synthetic opioids. opioids; Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. (B) to attempt to carry out an activity de- Sec. 2. Findings. It is the sense of Congress that— scribed in subparagraph (A); or Sec. 3. Sense of Congress. (1) the United States should apply eco- (C) to assist, abet, conspire, or collude with Sec. 4. Definitions. nomic and other financial sanctions to for- other persons to carry out such an activity. TITLE I—SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO eign traffickers of illicit opioids to protect (9) PERSON.—The term ‘‘person’’ means an FOREIGN OPIOID TRAFFICKERS the national security, foreign policy, and individual or entity. Sec. 101. Identification of foreign opioid economy of the United States; and (10) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term traffickers. (2) it is imperative that the People’s Re- ‘‘United States person’’ means— Sec. 102. Sense of Congress and reporting on public of China follow through on the com- (A) any citizen or national of the United international opioid control re- mitments it made to the United States on States; gime. December 6, 2018, through the Group of (B) any alien lawfully admitted for perma- Sec. 103. Imposition of sanctions. Twenty— nent residence in the United States; Sec. 104. Description of sanctions. (A) to schedule the entire category of (C) any entity organized under the laws of Sec. 105. Waivers. fentanyl-type substances as controlled sub- the United States or any jurisdiction within Sec. 106. Procedures for judicial review of stances; and the United States (including a foreign classified information. (B) to change its national and provincial branch of such an entity); or Sec. 107. Briefings on implementation. laws and increase provincial law enforce- (D) any person located in the United TITLE II—COMMISSION ON COMBATING ment efforts to prosecute traffickers of States. SYNTHETIC OPIOID TRAFFICKING fentanyl substances. TITLE I—SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO Sec. 201. Commission on combating syn- SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS. FOREIGN OPIOID TRAFFICKERS thetic opioid trafficking. In this Act: SEC. 101. IDENTIFICATION OF FOREIGN OPIOID TITLE III—OTHER MATTERS (1) ALIEN; NATIONAL; NATIONAL OF THE TRAFFICKERS. Sec. 301. Director of National Intelligence UNITED STATES.—The terms ‘‘alien’’, ‘‘na- (a) PUBLIC REPORT.— program on use of intelligence tional’’, and ‘‘national of the United States’’ (1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall sub- resources in efforts to sanction have the meanings given those terms in sec- mit to the appropriate congressional com- foreign opioid traffickers. tion 101 of the Immigration and Nationality mittees and leadership, in accordance with Sec. 302. Department of Defense funding. Act (8 U.S.C. 1101). subsection (c), a report— Sec. 303. Department of State funding. (2) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- (A) identifying the foreign persons that the Sec. 304. Department of the Treasury fund- TEES AND LEADERSHIP.—The term ‘‘appro- President determines are foreign opioid traf- ing. priate congressional committees and leader- fickers; Sec. 305. Appropriate committees of Con- ship’’ means— (B) detailing progress the President has gress defined. (A) the Committee on Armed Services, the made in implementing this title; and SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban (C) providing an update on cooperative ef- Congress makes the following findings: Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Rela- forts with the Governments of Mexico and

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:37 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A04AP6.034 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE April 4, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2275 the People’s Republic of China with respect (B) to jeopardize the integrity or success of (2) the President determines is owned, con- to combating foreign opioid traffickers. an ongoing criminal investigation or pros- trolled, directed by, supplying or sourcing (2) IDENTIFICATION OF ADDITIONAL PER- ecution; precursors for, or acting for or on behalf of, SONS.—If, at any time after submitting a re- (C) to endanger the life or physical safety such a foreign opioid trafficker. port required by paragraph (1) and before the of any person; or SEC. 104. DESCRIPTION OF SANCTIONS. submission of the next such report, the (D) to cause substantial harm to physical (a) IN GENERAL.—The sanctions that may President determines that a foreign person property. be imposed with respect to a foreign person not identified in the report is a foreign (3) NOTIFICATION REQUIRED.—If the Director under section 103 are the following: opioid trafficker, the President shall submit of National Intelligence makes a determina- (1) LOANS FROM UNITED STATES FINANCIAL to the appropriate congressional committees tion under paragraph (1) or the Attorney INSTITUTIONS.—The United States Govern- and leadership an additional report con- General makes a determination under para- ment may prohibit any United States finan- taining the information required by para- graph (2), the Director or the Attorney Gen- cial institution from making loans or pro- graph (1) with respect to the foreign person. eral, as the case may be, shall notify the ap- viding credits to the foreign person. (3) EXCLUSION.—The President shall not be propriate congressional committees and (2) PROHIBITIONS ON FINANCIAL INSTITU- required to include in a report under para- leadership of the determination and the rea- TIONS.—The following prohibitions may be graph (1) or (2) any persons with respect to sons for the determination. imposed with respect to a foreign person which the United States has imposed sanc- (e) PROVISION OF INFORMATION REQUIRED that is a financial institution: tions before the date of the report under this FOR REPORTS.—The Secretary of the Treas- (A) PROHIBITION ON DESIGNATION AS PRI- title or any other provision of law with re- ury, the Attorney General, the Secretary of MARY DEALER.—Neither the Board of Gov- spect to opioid trafficking. Defense, the Secretary of State, the Sec- ernors of the Federal Reserve System nor (4) FORM OF REPORT.— retary of Homeland Security, and the Direc- the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may (A) IN GENERAL.—Each report required by tor of National Intelligence shall consult designate, or permit the continuation of any paragraph (1) or (2) shall be submitted in un- among themselves and provide to the Presi- prior designation of, the financial institution classified form but may include a classified dent and the Director of the Office of Na- as a primary dealer in United States Govern- annex. tional Drug Control Policy the appropriate ment debt instruments. (B) AVAILABILITY TO PUBLIC.—The unclassi- and necessary information to enable the (B) PROHIBITION ON SERVICE AS A REPOSI- fied portion of a report required by para- President to submit the reports required by TORY OF GOVERNMENT FUNDS.—The financial graph (1) or (2) shall be made available to the subsection (a). institution may not serve as agent of the public. SEC. 102. SENSE OF CONGRESS AND REPORTING United States Government or serve as repos- (b) CLASSIFIED REPORT.— ON INTERNATIONAL OPIOID CON- itory for United States Government funds. (1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall sub- TROL REGIME. mit to the appropriate congressional com- (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of The imposition of either sanction under sub- mittees and leadership, in accordance with Congress that, in order to apply economic paragraph (A) or (B) shall be treated as one subsection (c), a report, in classified form— and other financial sanctions to foreign traf- sanction for purposes of section 103, and the (A) describing in detail the status of sanc- fickers of illicit opioids to protect the na- imposition of both such sanctions shall be tions imposed under this title, including the tional security, foreign policy, and economy treated as 2 sanctions for purposes of that personnel and resources directed toward the of the United States— section. imposition of such sanctions during the pre- (1) the President should instruct the Sec- (3) PROCUREMENT BAN.—The United States ceding fiscal year; retary of State to commence immediately Government may not procure, or enter into (B) providing background information with diplomatic efforts, both in appropriate inter- any contract for the procurement of, any respect to persons newly identified as foreign national fora such as the United Nations, the goods or services from the foreign person. opioid traffickers and their illicit activities; Group of Seven, the Group of Twenty, tri- (4) FOREIGN EXCHANGE.—The President (C) describing actions the President in- laterally and bilaterally with partners of the may, pursuant to such regulations as the tends to undertake or has undertaken to im- United States, to establish a multilateral President may prescribe, prohibit any trans- plement this title; and sanctions regime against foreign opioid traf- actions in foreign exchange that are subject (D) providing a strategy for identifying ad- fickers; and to the jurisdiction of the United States and ditional foreign opioid traffickers. (2) the Secretary of State, in consultation in which the foreign person has any interest. (5) BANKING TRANSACTIONS.—The President (2) EFFECT ON OTHER REPORTING REQUIRE- with the Secretary of the Treasury, may may, pursuant to such regulations as the MENTS.—The report required by paragraph (1) consider forming a new coalition of coun- is in addition to the obligations of the Presi- tries to establish a multilateral sanctions re- President may prescribe, prohibit any trans- dent to keep Congress fully and currently in- gime against foreign opioid traffickers if cer- fers of credit or payments between financial formed pursuant to the provisions of the Na- tain countries in existing multilateral fora institutions or by, through, or to any finan- tional Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3001 et fail to cooperate with respect to establishing cial institution, to the extent that such seq.). such a regime. transfers or payments are subject to the ju- (c) SUBMISSION OF REPORTS.—Not later (b) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.— risdiction of the United States and involve than 180 days after the date of the enactment (1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall in- any interest of the foreign person. of this Act, and annually thereafter until the clude, in each report required by section (6) PROPERTY TRANSACTIONS.—The Presi- date that is 5 years after such date of enact- 101(b), an assessment conducted by the Sec- dent may, pursuant to such regulations as ment, the President shall submit the reports retary of State, in consultation with the the President may prescribe, prohibit any required by subsections (a) and (b) to the ap- Secretary of the Treasury, of the extent to person from— propriate congressional committees and which any diplomatic efforts described in (A) acquiring, holding, withholding, using, leadership. subsection (a) have been successful. transferring, withdrawing, transporting, im- (d) EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION.— (2) ELEMENTS.—Each assessment required porting, or exporting any property that is (1) INTELLIGENCE.—Notwithstanding any by paragraph (1) shall include an identifica- subject to the jurisdiction of the United other provision of this section, a report re- tion of— States and with respect to which the foreign quired by subsection (a) or (b) shall not dis- (A) the countries the governments of which person has any interest; close the identity of any person if the Direc- have agreed to undertake measures to apply (B) dealing in or exercising any right, tor of National Intelligence determines that economic or other financial sanctions to for- power, or privilege with respect to such prop- such disclosure could compromise an intel- eign traffickers of illicit opioids and a de- erty; or ligence operation, activity, source, or meth- scription of those measures; and (C) conducting any transaction involving od of the United States. (B) the countries the governments of which such property. (2) LAW ENFORCEMENT.—Notwithstanding have not agreed to measures described in (7) BAN ON INVESTMENT IN EQUITY OR DEBT any other provision of this section, a report subparagraph (A), and, with respect to those OF SANCTIONED PERSON.—The President may, required by subsection (a) or (b) shall not countries, other measures the Secretary of pursuant to such regulations or guidelines as disclose the identity of any person if the At- State recommends that the United States the President may prescribe, prohibit any torney General, in coordination, as appro- take to apply economic and other financial United States person from investing in or priate, with the Director of the Federal Bu- sanctions to foreign traffickers of illicit purchasing significant amounts of equity or reau of Investigation, the Administrator of opioids. debt instruments of the foreign person. the Drug Enforcement Administration, the SEC. 103. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS. (8) EXCLUSION OF CORPORATE OFFICERS.— head of any other appropriate Federal law The President shall impose 5 or more of The President may direct the Secretary of enforcement agency, and the Secretary of the sanctions described in section 104 with State to deny a visa to, and the Secretary of the Treasury, determines that such disclo- respect to each foreign person that is an en- Homeland Security to exclude from the sure could reasonably be expected— tity, and 4 or more of such sanctions with re- United States, any alien that the President (A) to compromise the identity of a con- spect to each foreign person that is an indi- determines is a corporate officer or principal fidential source, including a State, local, or vidual, that— of, or a shareholder with a controlling inter- foreign agency or authority or any private (1) is identified as a foreign opioid traf- est in, the foreign person. institution that furnished information on a ficker in a report submitted under section (9) SANCTIONS ON PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFI- confidential basis; 101(a); or CERS.—The President may impose on the

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principal executive officer or officers of the transnational criminal organizations that (2) DESIGNATION.—The commission estab- foreign person, or on individuals performing traffic opioids. lished under paragraph (1) shall be known as similar functions and with similar authori- (iii) Increasing efforts to prosecute foreign the ‘‘Commission on Synthetic Opioid Traf- ties as such officer or officers, any of the opioid traffickers. ficking’’ (in this section referred to as the sanctions described in paragraphs (1) (iv) Increasing intelligence sharing and law ‘‘Commission’’). through (8) that are applicable. enforcement cooperation with the United (b) MEMBERSHIP.— (b) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at- States with respect to opioid trafficking. (1) COMPOSITION.— tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or (3) SUBSEQUENT RENEWAL OF WAIVER.—The (A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph causes a violation of any regulation, license, President may renew a waiver under para- (B), the Commission shall be composed of the or order issued to carry out subsection (a) graph (1) for subsequent periods of not more following members: shall be subject to the penalties set forth in than 6 months each if, not less than 30 days (i) The Administrator of the Drug Enforce- subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the before the renewal is to take effect, the Di- ment Administration. International Emergency Economic Powers rector of National Intelligence certifies to (ii) The Secretary of Homeland Security. Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a the appropriate congressional committees (iii) The Secretary of Defense. person that commits an unlawful act de- and leadership that the government of the (iv) The Secretary of the Treasury. scribed in subsection (a) of that section. country to which the waiver applies has ef- (v) The Secretary of State. (c) EXCEPTIONS.— fectively implemented and is effectively en- (vi) Two members appointed by the major- (1) INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES.—Sanctions forcing the measures that formed the basis ity leader of the Senate, one of whom shall under this section shall not apply with re- for the certification under paragraph (2). be a Member of the Senate and one of whom spect to any activity subject to the reporting (b) WAIVERS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AND shall not be. requirements under title V of the National ACCESS TO PRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS.— (vii) Two members appointed by the minor- Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or (1) IN GENERAL.—The President may waive ity leader of the Senate, one of whom shall to any authorized intelligence activities of the application of sanctions under this title be a Member of the Senate and one of whom the United States. with respect to a person if the President de- shall not be. (viii) Two members appointed by the (2) EXCEPTION RELATING TO IMPORTATION OF termines that the application of such sanc- Speaker of the House of Representatives, one GOODS.—The authority to impose sanctions tions with respect to that person would sig- under subsection (a)(6) shall not include the nificantly harm— of whom shall be a Member of the House of authority to impose sanctions on the impor- (A) the national security of the United Representatives and one of whom shall not tation of goods. States; or be. (ix) Two members appointed by the minor- (3) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED NA- (B) subject to paragraph (2), the access of ity leader of the House of Representatives, TIONS HEADQUARTERS AGREEMENT.—Sanctions United States persons to prescription medi- one of whom shall be a Member of the House under subsection (a)(8) shall not apply to an cations. of Representatives and one of whom shall alien if admitting the alien into the United (2) MONITORING.—The President shall es- not be. States is necessary to permit the United tablish a monitoring program to verify that (B)(i) The members of the Commission who States to comply with the Agreement re- a person receiving a waiver under paragraph are not Members of Congress and who are ap- garding the Headquarters of the United Na- (1)(B) is not trafficking illicit opioids. pointed under clauses (vi) through (ix) of tions, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, (3) NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 21 days subparagraph (A) shall be individuals who and entered into force November 21, 1947, be- after making a determination under para- graph (1) with respect to a person, the Presi- are nationally recognized for expertise, tween the United Nations and the United knowledge, or experience in— dent shall notify the appropriate congres- States, the Convention on Consular Rela- (I) transnational criminal organizations sional committees and leadership of the de- tions, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and en- conducting synthetic opioid trafficking; termination and the reasons for the deter- tered into force March 19, 1967, or other ap- (II) the production, manufacturing, dis- mination. plicable international obligations. tribution, sale, or transportation of syn- (d) IMPLEMENTATION; REGULATORY AUTHOR- (c) HUMANITARIAN WAIVER.—The President may waive, for renewable periods of 180 days, thetic opioids; or ITY.— (III) relations between— (1) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may the application of the sanctions under this title if the President certifies to the appro- (aa) the United States; and exercise all authorities provided under sec- (bb) the People’s Republic of China, Mex- tions 203 and 205 of the International Emer- priate congressional committees and leader- ship that the waiver is necessary for the pro- ico, or any other country of concern with re- gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 spect to trafficking in synthetic opioids. and 1704) to carry out this section. vision of humanitarian assistance. SEC. 106. PROCEDURES FOR JUDICIAL REVIEW (ii) An official who appoints members of (2) REGULATORY AUTHORITY.—The President the Commission may not appoint an indi- shall issue such regulations, licenses, and or- OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION. (a) IN GENERAL.—If a finding under this vidual as a member of the Commission if the ders as are necessary to carry out this sec- title, or a prohibition, condition, or penalty individual possesses any personal or finan- tion. imposed as a result of any such finding, is cial interest in the discharge of any of the SEC. 105. WAIVERS. based on classified information (as defined in duties of the Commission. (a) WAIVER FOR STATE-OWNED FINANCIAL IN- section 1(a) of the Classified Information (iii)(I) All members of the Commission de- STITUTIONS IN COUNTRIES THAT COOPERATE IN Procedures Act (18 U.S.C. App.)) and a court scribed in clause (i) shall possess an appro- MULTILATERAL ANTI-TRAFFICKING EFFORTS.— reviews the finding or the imposition of the priate security clearance in accordance with (1) IN GENERAL.—The President may, on a prohibition, condition, or penalty, the Presi- applicable provisions of law concerning the case-by-case basis, waive for a period of not dent may submit such information to the handling of classified information. more than 12 months the application of sanc- court ex parte and in camera. (II) For the purpose of facilitating the ac- tions under this title with respect to a finan- (b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in tivities of the Commission, the Director of cial institution that is owned or controlled, this section shall be construed to confer or National Intelligence shall expedite to the directly or indirectly, by a foreign govern- imply any right to judicial review of any fullest degree possible the processing of secu- ment or any political subdivision, agency, or finding under this title, or any prohibition, rity clearances that are necessary for mem- instrumentality of a foreign government, if condition, or penalty imposed as a result of bers of the Commission. the President, not less than 30 days before any such finding. (2) CO-CHAIRS.— the waiver is to take effect, certifies to the SEC. 107. BRIEFINGS ON IMPLEMENTATION. (A) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall appropriate congressional committees and Not later than 90 days after the date of the have 2 co-chairs, selected from among the leadership that the foreign government is enactment of the Fentanyl Sanctions Act, members of the Commission, one of whom closely cooperating with the United States and every 180 days thereafter until the date shall be a member of the majority party and in efforts to prevent opioid trafficking. that is 5 years after such date of enactment, one of whom shall be a member of the minor- (2) CERTIFICATION.—The President may cer- the President, acting through the Secretary ity party. tify under paragraph (1) that a foreign gov- of State, in coordination with the Secretary (B) SELECTION.—The individuals who serve ernment is closely cooperating with the of the Treasury, shall provide to the appro- as the co-chairs of the Commission shall be United States in efforts to prevent opioid priate congressional committees and leader- jointly agreed upon by the President, the trafficking if that government is— ship a comprehensive briefing on efforts to majority leader of the Senate, the minority (A) implementing domestic laws to sched- implement this title. leader of the Senate, the Speaker of the ule all fentanyl analogues as controlled sub- TITLE II—COMMISSION ON COMBATING House of Representatives, and the minority stances; and SYNTHETIC OPIOID TRAFFICKING leader of the House of Representatives. (B) doing 2 or more of the following: SEC. 201. COMMISSION ON COMBATING SYN- (c) DUTIES.—The duties of the Commission (i) Implementing substantial improve- THETIC OPIOID TRAFFICKING. are as follows: ments in regulations involving the chemical (a) ESTABLISHMENT.— (1) To define the core objectives and prior- and pharmaceutical production and export of (1) IN GENERAL.—There is established a ities of the strategic approach described in illicit opioids. commission to develop a consensus on a stra- subsection (a)(1). (ii) Implementing substantial improve- tegic approach to combating the flow of syn- (2) To weigh the costs and benefits of var- ments in judicial regulations to combat thetic opioids into the United States. ious strategic options to combat the flow of

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synthetic opioids from the People’s Republic of law, after the termination of the Commis- (c) REPORTS.— of China, Mexico, and other countries. sion under subsection (h), only the members (1) QUARTERLY REPORTS ON PROGRAM.—Not (3) To evaluate whether the options de- and designated staff of the appropriate con- later than 90 days after the date of the enact- scribed in paragraph (2) are exclusive or gressional committees and leadership, the ment of this Act, and every 90 days there- complementary, the best means for exe- Director of National Intelligence (and the after, the Director of National Intelligence cuting such options, and how the United designees of the Director), and such other of- and the Director of the Office of National States should incorporate and implement ficials of the executive branch as the Presi- Drug Control Policy shall jointly submit to such options within the strategic approach dent may designate shall have access to in- the appropriate congressional committees described in subsection (a)(1). formation related to the national security of and leadership a report on the status and ac- (4) To review and make determinations on the United States that is received, consid- complishments of the program required by the difficult choices present within such op- ered, or used by the Commission. subsection (a) during the 90-day period end- tions, among them what norms-based re- (f) REPORTS.—The Commission shall sub- ing on the date of the report. The first report gimes the United States should seek to es- mit to the appropriate congressional com- under this paragraph shall also include a de- tablish to encourage the effective regulation mittees and leadership— scription of the amount of funds devoted by of dangerous synthetic opioids. (1) not later than 270 days after the date of the intelligence community to the efforts de- (5) To report on efforts by actors in the the enactment of this Act, an initial report scribed in subsection (a) during each of fiscal People’s Republic of China to subvert United on the activities and recommendations of years 2017 and 2018. States laws and to supply illicit synthetic the Commission under this section; and (2) REPORT ON REVIEW.—Not later than 120 opioids to persons in the United States, in- (2) not later than 270 days after the submis- days after the date of the enactment of this cluding up-to-date estimates of the scale of sion of the initial report under paragraph (1), Act, the Director of National Intelligence illicit synthetic opioids flows from the Peo- a final report on the activities and rec- and the Director of the Office of National ple’s Republic of China. ommendations of the Commission under this Drug Control Policy shall jointly submit to (6) To report on the deficiencies in the reg- section. the appropriate congressional committees ulation of pharmaceutical and chemical pro- (g) LIMITATION ON FUNDING.—Of amounts and leadership a comprehensive description duction of controlled substances and export made available under sections 302, 303, and of the results of the review required by sub- controls with respect to such substances in 304 to carry out this Act, not more than section (b), including whether the priorities the People’s Republic of China and other $5,000,000 shall be available to the Commis- described in that subsection are appropriate countries that allow opioid traffickers to sion in any of fiscal years 2020 through 2025. and sufficient in light of the number of lives subvert such regulations and controls to (h) TERMINATION.— lost in the United States each year due to traffic illicit opioids into the United States. (1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission, and all use of illegal drugs. If the report concludes (7) To report on the scale of contaminated the authorities of this section, shall termi- that such priorities are not so appropriate or counterfeit drugs originating from the nate at the end of the 120-day period begin- and sufficient, the report shall also include a People’s Republic of China and India. ning on the date on which the final report re- description of the actions to be taken to (8) To report on how the United States quired by subsection (f)(2) is submitted to modify such priorities in order to assure could work more effectively with provincial the appropriate congressional committees than such priorities are so appropriate and and local officials in the People’s Republic of and leadership. sufficient. (2) WINDING UP OF AFFAIRS.—The Commis- China and other countries to combat the il- (d) INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY DEFINED.—In licit production of synthetic opioids. sion may use the 120-day period described in this section, the term ‘‘intelligence commu- (9) In weighing the options for defending paragraph (1) for the purposes of concluding nity’’ has the meaning given that term in the United States against the dangers of its activities, including providing testimony section 3(4) of the National Security Act of trafficking in synthetic opioids, to consider to Congress concerning the final report re- 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003(4)). possible structures and authorities that need quired by subsection (f)(2) and disseminating SEC. 302. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FUNDING. to be established, revised, or augmented the report. (a) SOURCE OF FUNDS.—Subject to sub- within the Federal Government. TITLE III—OTHER MATTERS UNCTIONING OF OMMISSION section (b), amounts authorized to be appro- (d) F C .—The pro- SEC. 301. DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTEL- visions of subsections (c), (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), priated for each of fiscal years 2020 through LIGENCE PROGRAM ON USE OF IN- 2025 for the Department of Defense for oper- and (m) of section 1652 of the John S. McCain TELLIGENCE RESOURCES IN EF- National Defense Authorization Act for Fis- FORTS TO SANCTION FOREIGN ation and maintenance shall be available for cal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232) shall apply OPIOID TRAFFICKERS. operations and activities described in sub- to the Commission to the same extent and in (a) PROGRAM REQUIRED.— section (c). the same manner as such provisions apply to (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of National (b) LIMITATION ON AMOUNT AVAILABLE.— the commission established under that sec- Intelligence shall, with the concurrence of (1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), tion, except that— the Director of the Office of National Drug the amount available under subsection (a) in (1) subsection (c)(1) of that section shall be Control Policy, carry out a program to allo- a fiscal year to carry out operations and ac- applied and administered by substituting ‘‘30 cate and enhance use of resources of the in- tivities described in subsection (c) may not days’’ for ‘‘45 days’’; telligence community, including intelligence exceed the following: (2) subsection (g)(4)(A) of that section shall collection and analysis, to assist the Sec- (A) In fiscal year 2020, $25,000,000. be applied and administered by inserting retary of the Treasury and the Adminis- (B) In each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025, ‘‘and the Attorney General’’ after ‘‘Sec- trator of the Drug Enforcement Administra- $35,000,000. retary of Defense’’; and tion in efforts to identify and impose sanc- (2) EXCLUSION OF FUNDS FOR US SOUTHCOM (3) subsections (h)(2)(A) and (i)(1)(A) of tions with respect to foreign opioid traf- FROM LIMITATION.—Amounts authorized to be that section shall be applied and adminis- fickers under title I. appropriated for a fiscal year for operation tered by substituting ‘‘level V of the Execu- (2) FOCUS ON ILLICIT FINANCE.—To the ex- and maintenance and available for such fis- tive Schedule under section 5316’’ for ‘‘level tent practicable, efforts described in para- cal year for the United States Southern IV of the Executive Schedule under section graph (1) shall— Command for operations and activities de- 5315’’. (A) take into account specific illicit fi- scribed in subsection (c)(2) shall not count (e) TREATMENT OF INFORMATION RELATING nance risks related to narcotics trafficking; toward the limitation applicable to such fis- TO NATIONAL SECURITY.— and cal year under paragraph (1). (1) RESPONSIBILITY OF DIRECTOR OF NA- (B) be developed in consultation with the (c) OPERATIONS AND ACTIVITIES.—The oper- TIONAL INTELLIGENCE.—The Director of Na- Undersecretary of the Treasury for Ter- ations and activities described in this sub- tional Intelligence shall assume responsi- rorism and Financial Crimes, appropriate of- section are the following: bility for the handling and disposition of any ficials of the Office of Intelligence and Anal- (1) The operations and activities of any de- information related to the national security ysis of the Department of the Treasury, the partment or agency of the United States of the United States that is received, consid- Director of the Financial Crimes Enforce- Government (other than the Department of ered, or used by the Commission under this ment Network, and appropriate Federal law Defense) in carrying out this Act. section. enforcement agencies. (2) The operations and activities of the De- (2) INFORMATION PROVIDED BY CONGRESS.— (b) REVIEW OF COUNTERNARCOTICS EFFORTS partment of Defense in support of any other Any information related to the national se- OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.—The Di- department or agency of the United States curity of the United States that is provided rector of National Intelligence shall, in co- Government in carrying out this Act. to the Commission by the appropriate con- ordination with the Director of the Office of (d) TRANSFER AUTHORITY.— gressional committees and leadership may National Drug Control Policy, carry out a (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense not be further provided or released without comprehensive review of the current intel- may transfer funds authorized to be appro- the approval of the chairperson of the com- ligence collection priorities of the intel- priated for the Department of Defense as de- mittee, or the Member of Congress, as the ligence community for counternarcotics pur- scribed in subsection (a) to any other depart- case may be, that provided the information poses in order to identify whether such prior- ment or agency of the United States Govern- to the Commission. ities are appropriate and sufficient in light ment to carry out this Act. (3) ACCESS AFTER TERMINATION OF COMMIS- of the number of lives lost in the United (2) NOTICE REQUIREMENTS.—Any transfer SION.—Notwithstanding any other provision States each year due to use of illegal drugs. under this subsection shall not be subject to

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(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in combating social marginalization and build- (3) INAPPLICABILITY OF TRANSFER LIMITA- paragraph (2), amounts authorized to be ap- ing a positive future for Roma everywhere; TIONS.—Any transfer under this subsection in propriated by subsection (a) may not be obli- Whereas April 8 is therefore celebrated a fiscal year shall not count toward or apply gated until 15 days after the date on which globally as International Roma Day; against any limitation on amounts the President notifies the appropriate com- Whereas Roma were victims of genocide transferrable by the Department of Defense mittees of Congress of the President’s inten- carried out by Nazi Germany and its Axis in such fiscal year, including any limitation tion to obligate such funds. partners, and an estimated 200,000 to 500,000 specified in an annual defense authorization (2) WAIVER.— Romani people were killed by Nazis and their Act for such fiscal year. (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the allies across Europe during World War II; SEC. 303. DEPARTMENT OF STATE FUNDING. Treasury may waive the notification require- Whereas, on the night of August 2–3, 1944, (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— ment under paragraph (1) if the Secretary de- the so-called ‘‘Gypsy Family Camp’’ where There are authorized to be appropriated to termines that such a waiver is in the na- Romani people were interned at Auschwitz- the Secretary of State to carry out the oper- tional security interests of the United Birkenau was liquidated, and in a single ations and activities described in subsection States. night, between 4,200 and 4,300 Romani men, (b)— (B) NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT.—If the Sec- women, and children were killed in gas (1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2020; and retary exercises the authority provided chambers; (2) $35,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 under subparagraph (A) to waive the notifi- Whereas 2019 is the 75th anniversary of through 2025. cation requirement under paragraph (1), the that tragic event; (b) OPERATIONS AND ACTIVITIES DE- Secretary shall notify the appropriate com- Whereas many countries are taking posi- SCRIBED.—The operations and activities de- mittees of Congress of the President’s inten- tive steps to remember and teach about the scribed in this subsection are the following: tion to obligate amounts authorized to be genocide of Roma by Nazi Germany and its (1) The operations and activities of any de- appropriated by subsection (a) as soon as Axis partners; and partment or agency of the United States practicable, but not later than 3 days after Whereas the United States Congress held Government (other than the Department of obligating such funds. its first hearing to examine the situation of State) in carrying out this Act. (d) TRANSFER AUTHORITY.— Roma in 1994: Now, therefore, be it (2) The operations and activities of the De- (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Resolved, That the Senate— partment of State in support of any other de- Treasury may transfer funds authorized to (1) remembers the genocide of Roma by partment or agency of the United States be appropriated by subsection (a) to any Nazi Germany and its Axis partners and Government in carrying out this Act. other department or agency of the United commemorates the 75th anniversary of the (c) NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT.— States Government to carry out this Act. destruction of the ‘‘Gypsy Family Camp’’ (1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in (2) NOTICE REQUIREMENTS.—Any transfer where Romani people were interned at paragraph (2), amounts authorized to be ap- under this subsection shall not be subject to Auschwitz; propriated by subsection (a) may not be obli- any reprogramming requirements under law. (2) commends the United States Holocaust gated until 15 days after the date on which However, a notice on any such transfer shall Memorial Museum for its role in promoting the President notifies the appropriate com- be provided to the appropriate committees of remembrance of the Holocaust and educating mittees of Congress of the President’s inten- Congress. about the genocide of Roma; tion to obligate such funds. SEC. 305. APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CON- (3) supports International Roma Day as an (2) WAIVER.— GRESS DEFINED. opportunity to honor the culture, history, (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State In this title, the term ‘‘appropriate com- and heritage of the Romani people in the may waive the notification requirement mittees of Congress’’ means— United States as part of the larger Romani under paragraph (1) if the Secretary deter- (1) the Committee on Armed Services, the global diaspora; and mines that such a waiver is in the national Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban (4) welcomes the Department of State’s security interests of the United States. Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Rela- participation in ceremonies and events cele- (B) NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT.—If the Sec- tions, the Select Committee on Intelligence, brating International Roma Day and similar retary exercises the authority provided and the Committee on Appropriations of the engagement by the United States Govern- under subparagraph (A) to waive the notifi- Senate; and ment. cation requirement under paragraph (1), the (2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Secretary shall notify the appropriate com- Committee on Financial Services, the Com- f mittees of Congress of the President’s inten- mittee on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent tion to obligate amounts authorized to be Select Committee on Intelligence, and the SENATE RESOLUTION 142—CON- appropriated by subsection (a) as soon as Committee on Appropriations of the House DEMNING THE GOVERNMENT OF practicable, but not later than 3 days after of Representatives. THE PHILIPPINES FOR ITS CON- obligating such funds. f TINUED DETENTION OF SENATOR (d) TRANSFER AUTHORITY.— LEILA DE LIMA, CALLING FOR (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS HER IMMEDIATE RELEASE, AND may transfer funds authorized to be appro- FOR OTHER PURPOSES priated by subsection (a) to any other de- partment or agency of the United States SENATE RESOLUTION 141—CELE- Mr. MARKEY (for himself, Mr. Government to carry out this Act. BRATING THE HERITAGE OF RUBIO, Mr. DURBIN, Mrs. BLACKBURN, (2) NOTICE REQUIREMENTS.—Any transfer ROMANI AMERICANS and Mr. COONS) submitted the fol- under this subsection shall not be subject to lowing resolution; which was referred any reprogramming requirements under law. Mr. CARDIN (for himself and Mr. to the Committee on Foreign Rela- However, a notice on any such transfer shall WICKER) submitted the following reso- tions: be provided to the appropriate committees of lution; which was referred to the Com- Congress. S. RES. 142 mittee on Foreign Relations: SEC. 304. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FUND- Whereas extrajudicial killings perpetrated ING. S. RES. 141 by the Government of the Philippines as part (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— Whereas the Romani people trace their an- of a Government-directed antidrug campaign There are authorized to be appropriated to cestry to the Indian subcontinent; present the foremost human rights challenge the Secretary of the Treasury to carry out Whereas Roma have been a part of Euro- in the Philippines; the operations and activities described in pean immigration to the United States since Whereas the Department of State’s 2017 subsection (b)— the colonial period and particularly fol- Human Rights Report notes numerous (1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2020; and lowing the abolition of the enslavement of human rights concerns, including the perse- (2) $35,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 Roma in the historic Romanian principal- cution of human rights defenders and the de- through 2025. ities; tention of political prisoners in the Phil- (b) OPERATIONS AND ACTIVITIES DE- Whereas Roma live across the world and ippines, stating, ‘‘The most significant SCRIBED.—The operations and activities de- throughout the United States; human rights issues included: killings by se- scribed in this subsection are the following: Whereas the Romani people have made dis- curity forces, vigilantes and others allegedly (1) The operations and activities of any de- tinct and important contributions in many connected to the government, and by insur- partment or agency of the United States fields, including agriculture, art, crafts, lit- gents; torture and abuse of prisoners and de- Government (other than the Department of erature, medicine, military service, music, tainees by security forces; often harsh and the Treasury) in carrying out this Act. sports, and science; life threatening prison conditions; (2) The operations and activities of the De- Whereas, on April 8, 1971, the First World warrantless arrests by security forces and partment of the Treasury in support of any Romani Congress met in London, bringing cases of apparent government disregard for

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legal rights and due process; political pris- Whereas, on July 20, 2017, the Tom Lantos S. RES. 143 oners; killings of and threats against jour- Human Rights Commission of the United Whereas Israeli-Americans are a vibrant nalists; official corruption and abuse of States Congress held a hearing on The immigrant community contributing to the power; threats of violence against human Human Rights Consequences of the War on diversity of the United States; rights activists; violence against women; and Drugs in the Philippines, during which Whereas Israeli-Americans, including forced labor.’’; Human Rights Watch testified about the ‘‘re- those on college campuses in the United Whereas, on February 23, 2017, an arrest lentless government campaign’’ against Sen- States, have been subject to forms of dis- warrant was issued for Philippine Senator ator De Lima ‘‘in evident response to her crimination and desire to connect with their Leila De Lima for allegations related to drug outspoken criticism of Duterte’s ‘war on culture and celebrate their heritage free trafficking, and as of April 4, 2019, Senator drugs’ and her calls for accountability’’; from bigotry and bias; de Lima had been detained for 770 days; Whereas Amnesty International finds Sen- Whereas the United States is a nation of Whereas the charges brought against Sen- ator De Lima’s detention to be based solely immigrants, and Israeli-Americans con- ator De Lima followed a history of criti- on her criticism of the Government of the tribute invaluable skills that promote the cizing extrajudicial killings in the Phil- Philippines, her political beliefs, and her economy and protect the national security of ippines and the Rodrigo R. Duterte adminis- peaceful defense of human rights, and con- the United States; tration’s antidrug campaign, including— siders her a Prisoner of Conscience; and Whereas the contributions of Israeli-Amer- (1) in 2009, in her capacity as Chair of the Whereas the immediate release of Senator icans in the fields of astrophysics, mathe- Commission on Human Rights, Senator De De Lima has been called for by nongovern- matics, chemistry, aerospace engineering, Lima investigated the alleged involvement mental organizations, human rights groups, biotech, agriculture, and Internet tech- of then-Mayor of Davao City Rodrigo R. parliamentary bodies, and individuals in- nologies have been invaluable to the United Duterte in the extrajudicial killings exe- cluding the European Parliament, the Aus- States; cuted by the so-called ‘‘Davao Death Squad’’; tralian Parliament, the Inter-Parliamentary Whereas Israeli-Americans have helped to (2) on December 15, 2014, then-Secretary of Union, Amnesty International, Human form a strong bond between the people of the Justice De Lima led a raid of the national Rights Watch, Liberal International, ASEAN United States and the people of Israel, rein- penitentiary which resulted in the confisca- Parliamentarians for Human Rights, and forcing the shared values and interests be- tion of drugs, firearms, and contraband many of Senator De Lima’s colleagues in the tween the two countries; and items and the extraction of 19 drug lords and Senate minority bloc; Whereas countless Israeli-Americans have high-profile inmates involved in the facili- Whereas Maria Ressa, an investigative enriched the society of the United States: ty’s drug network; journalist who founded the online news plat- Now, therefore, be it (3) on July 13, 2016, Senator De Lima, in form Rappler, has been arrested several times Resolved, That the Senate— her capacity as Chair of the Senate Com- on charges against her and her news organi- (1) affirms that the Israeli-American com- mittee on Justice and Human Rights, filed zation widely viewed by human rights ob- munity has contributed immensely to the so- Senate Resolution No. 9 calling for an inves- servers and a number of governments as part ciety and culture of the United States; and tigation into extrajudicial killings and sum- of a pattern of ‘‘weaponizing the rule of law’’ (2) condemns all forms of discrimination mary executions of suspected drug offenders to repress independent media; and that aim to marginalize or disenfranchise arising from President Duterte’s ‘‘War on Whereas Ms. Ressa has been released on members of the Israeli-American commu- Drugs’’; bail, but she and Rappler still face charges nity. (4) on August 22, 2016, Senator De Lima and will soon be standing trial: Now, there- f conducted Senate hearings during which al- fore, be it leged former death squad members detailed Resolved, That the Senate— SENATE RESOLUTION 144—DESIG- extrajudicial killings executed as part of the (1) condemns— NATING MAY 5, 2019, AS THE antidrug campaign and one member testified (A) the Government of the Philippines for ‘‘NATIONAL DAY OF AWARENESS that Duterte participated in extrajudicial its role in state-sanctioned extrajudicial FOR MISSING AND MURDERED killings as mayor of Davao City; and killings by police and other armed individ- NATIVE WOMEN AND GIRLS’’ (5) on August 2, 2016, and September 19, uals as part of the ‘‘War on Drugs’’; 2016, Senator De Lima delivered two privi- Mr. DAINES (for himself, Mr. (B) the arrest and detention of human leged speeches on the Senate floor calling on ESTER OEVEN OUNDS rights defenders and political leaders who ex- T , Mr. H , Mr. R , Ms. President Duterte to end the killings; ercise their rights to freedom of expression; WARREN, Mr. GARDNER, Mr. CRAPO, Mr. Whereas President Duterte vowed to pub- (C) the harassment, arrest, and unjustified LANKFORD, and Ms. MURKOWSKI) sub- licly destroy Senator De Lima; judicial proceedings against the media and mitted the following resolution; which Whereas the charges against Senator De journalists, in particular, the proceeding was referred to the Committee on the Lima were supported by testimony from in- against Rappler and Maria Ressa; and Judiciary: mates whose illegal activities were disrupted (D) the continued detention of Senator by her 2014 raid; S. RES. 144 Leila De Lima; Whereas the United Nations Human Rights Whereas, according to a study commis- (2) considers Senator De Lima to be a pris- Council’s Working Group on Arbitrary De- sioned by the Department of Justice, in some oner of conscience, detained solely on ac- tention adopted an Opinion on August 24, Tribal communities, American Indian count of her political views and the legiti- 2018, finding several categories of arbitrary women face murder rates that are more than mate exercise of her freedom of expression; detention and concluding, ‘‘Ms. De Lima’s 10 times the national average murder rate; (3) calls on the Government of the Phil- political views and convictions are clearly at Whereas, according to the most recently ippines to immediately release Senator De the centre of the present case and that the available data from the Centers for Disease Lima, drop all charges against her, remove authorities have displayed an attitude to- Control and Prevention, in 2017, homicide restrictions on her personal and work condi- wards her that can only be characterized as was the sixth leading cause of death for tions, and allow her to fully discharge her targeted and discriminatory. Indeed, she has American Indian and Alaska Native females legislative mandate, especially as Chair of been the target of partisan persecution and between 1 and 44 years of age; the Committee on Social Justice; there is no explanation for this other than Whereas little data exist on the number of (4) urges the Government of the Phil- her exercise of the right to express such missing American Indian and Alaska Native ippines to recognize the importance of views and convictions as a human rights de- women in the United States; human rights defenders and their work and fender.’’; Whereas, on July 5, 2013, Hanna Harris, a allow them to operate freely without fear of Whereas the Department of State’s 2017 member of the Northern Cheyenne Tribe, reprisal; and Human Rights Report highlighted due proc- was reported missing by her family in Lame (5) urges the Government of the Phil- ess obstructions in the case of Senator De Deer, Montana; ippines to guarantee the right to the freedom Lima, stating, ‘‘During the year prosecutors Whereas the body of Hanna Harris was of the press, and to drop all the charges used a variety of legal tactics, including fil- found 5 days after she went missing; against Maria Ressa and Rappler. ing new and amending previous charges, to Whereas Hanna Harris was determined to delay arraignment.’’; f have been raped and murdered, and the indi- Whereas the United Nations Working SENATE RESOLUTION 143—RECOG- viduals accused of committing those crimes Group on Arbitrary Detention recommended were convicted; NIZING ISRAELI-AMERICAN CUL- Whereas the case of Hanna Harris is an ex- that the Government of the Philippines TURE AND HERITAGE AND THE adopt certain measures, including— ample of many similar cases; and (1) the immediate release of Senator De CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE Whereas Hanna Harris was born on May 5, Lima; ISRAELI-AMERICAN COMMUNITY 1992: Now, therefore, be it (2) an independent investigation of the cir- TO THE UNITED STATES Resolved, That the Senate— cumstances surrounding the arbitrary deten- (1) designates May 5, 2019, as the ‘‘National Mr. CRAMER (for himself, Mr. RUBIO, tion; and Day of Awareness for Missing and Murdered (3) the provision of compensation and other and Mr. CRUZ) submitted the following Native Women and Girls’’; and reparations, including reinstatement to the resolution; which was referred to the (2) calls on the people of the United States positions from which she was ousted; Committee on the Judiciary: and interested groups—

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RES. 146 PORTMAN) submitted the following res- (3) placing the scholars at host institu- olution; which was considered and Whereas 2019 marks the 100th anniversary tions; agreed to: of the founding of the Institute of Inter- Whereas, since the endowment of the IIE- national Education (referred to in this pre- S. RES. 145 SRF in 2002, the IIE-SRF has— amble as the ‘‘IIE’’), the oldest educational (1) placed 793 scholars from 59 countries at Whereas March 29, 2019, marks the bicen- exchange organization in the United States; 393 host institutions in 44 countries; and tennial of the birth of Rabbi Isaac Mayer Whereas the trustees of the IIE and the (2) saved entire national academies; Wise (referred to in this preamble as ‘‘Rabbi students and scholars associated with the Whereas building economies, helping gov- Wise’’) on March 29, 1819; IIE have contributed to their societies in nu- ernments and corporations develop an edu- Whereas Rabbi Wise— merous ways and have been recognized with cated workforce, and preparing students and (1) moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1854; and 108 Nobel Prizes; professionals for success in the global econ- (2) resided in Cincinnati, Ohio, until his Whereas the IIE was founded by former omy is fundamental to the work of the IIE; death in 1900; Secretary of State Elihu Root, President Whereas there are more than 27,000 annual Whereas Rabbi Wise is widely recognized Nicholas Murray Butler of Columbia Univer- participants in programs developed, man- as— sity, and Professor Stephen Duggan, Sr., of aged, and implemented by the IIE; and (1) the pioneering architect of Reform Ju- the College of the City of New York, with Whereas the IIE is at the foundation of a daism in the United States; and support from the Carnegie Corporation of network of colleges, universities, and com- (2) the founding organizer of Reform Jew- New York; munities that host over 1,000,000 inter- ish institutions in the United States; Whereas the IIE was established to dem- national students annually, at a benefit of Whereas the United States is home to the onstrate that the international exchange of over $42,000,000,000 to the economy of the largest Reform Jewish community in the people and ideas can transcend borders and United States: Now, therefore, be it world, which considers Rabbi Wise to be 1 of promote greater understanding and peace; Resolved, That the Senate recognizes— the preeminent founders; Whereas the IIE is privileged to administer (1) on the 100th anniversary of the estab- Whereas in 1873, Rabbi Wise founded the 200 programs that promote mutual under- lishment of the Institute of International Union of American Hebrew Congregations, standing and enhance the national security Education (referred to in this resolution as now known as the Union for Reform Juda- and economic competitiveness of the United the ‘‘IIE’’) the many accomplishments of— ism; States, including— (A) the members and staff of the IIE; and Whereas in 1875, Rabbi Wise founded He- (1) the Fulbright Program, the flagship (B) the participants in programs adminis- brew Union College, now known as Hebrew international exchange program sponsored tered by the IIE; Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion, by the United States Government; (2) the contributions of the members and which, as of March 2019— (2) the Benjamin A. Gilman International staff of the IIE to— (1) has campuses in— Scholarship Program, which enables high- (A) national security; (A) Cincinnati, Ohio; performing United States undergraduate stu- (B) economic development; (B) Los Angeles, California; dents of limited financial means to study or (C) advancement of cultural awareness; (C) New York, New York; and intern abroad; and (D) Jerusalem; (3) the Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship (D) cooperation among nations; (2) is the premier Jewish seminary in Program, which provides a year of enrich- (3) the effectiveness of the IIE at pro- North America; and ment in the United States for experienced moting opportunity by— (3) is the academic, spiritual, and profes- professionals from designated countries un- (A) providing scholarships and admin- sional leadership development center of Re- dergoing development or political transition; istering programs that benefit underserved form Judaism; (4) Open Doors, the comprehensive infor- populations; Whereas in 1889, Rabbi Wise founded the mation resource on— (B) rescuing and assisting threatened and Central Conference of American Rabbis; (A) international students and scholars displaced scholars, students, and artists; and Whereas in 2019— studying or teaching at higher education (C) encouraging teaching and learning (1) the annual convention of the Central institutions in the United States; and across cultures into the future; and Conference of American Rabbis shall be held (B) students from the United States (4) the important role of the IIE as a dis- in Cincinnati, Ohio; and studying abroad for academic credit at tinguished partner with the— (2) the Central Conference of American their home colleges or universities; (A) United States Government; Rabbis shall celebrate the 130th anniversary (5) EducationUSA, the network of over 425 (B) private sector; and of the founding of the Central Conference of international student advising centers in 178 (C) nonprofit and philanthropic commu- American Rabbis at that convention; countries that promotes higher education in nities. Whereas the Senate congratulates the Cen- the United States to students around the tral Conference of American Rabbis for world; f reaching the significant milestone of 130 (6) the International Visitor Leadership SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLU- years as an organization; and Program, the premier professional exchange TION 13—REAFFIRMING THE Whereas, for 130 years, the Central Con- program of the Department of State; UNITED STATES COMMITMENT ference of American Rabbis has made invalu- (7) TechWomen, a mentorship and ex- able contributions to the cultural and reli- change program pairing emerging inter- TO TAIWAN AND TO THE IMPLE- gious fabric of the United States: Now, national women leaders in science, tech- MENTATION OF THE TAIWAN RE- therefore, be it nology, engineering, and mathematics with LATIONS ACT Resolved, That the Senate— women professionals in the United States; Mr. GARDNER (for himself, Mr. (1) recognizes March 29, 2019, as the bicen- (8) the Boren Awards and The Language MARKEY, Mr. INHOFE, Mr. MENENDEZ, tennial of the birth of Rabbi Isaac Mayer Flagship, initiatives of the National Secu- Wise (referred to in this resolving clause as rity Education Program that invests in the and Mr. RISCH) submitted the following ‘‘Rabbi Wise’’); next generation of leaders in the United concurrent resolution; which was re- (2) recognizes the outstanding accomplish- States by supporting United States under- ferred to the Committee on Foreign ments of Rabbi Wise, which have had an en- graduate and graduate students in learning Relations:

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S. CON. RES. 13 the World Health Organization’s World and grantee exchanges between the United Whereas the Taiwan Relations Act (re- Health Assembly as an observer; States and Taiwan for 60 years; ferred to in this resolution as the ‘‘TRA’’), Whereas communication on bilateral secu- (8) welcomes the inclusion of Taiwan into which was signed into law on April 10, 1979, rity, cultural, and commercial interests the United States visa waiver program and codified into law the basis for continued would be greatly enhanced with the full im- U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s Global commercial, cultural, and other relations be- plementation of the Taiwan Travel Act (Pub- Entry Program to make it easier for those tween the people of the United States and lic Law 115–135), which was signed into law traveling from Taiwan to visit the United the people of Taiwan, and serves as the foun- on March 16, 2018, and which states ‘‘the States; and dation to preserve and promote continued bi- United States Government should encourage (9) acknowledges the important work done lateral bonds; visits between officials from the United by the American Institute in Taiwan and the Whereas the TRA enshrines the United States and Taiwan at all levels’’; Taipei Economic and Cultural Representa- States commitment to make available to Whereas the United States and Taiwan tive Office in support of United States-Tai- Taiwan such defense articles and defense have built a strong economic partnership in wan interests. services in such quantity as may be nec- which— f essary to enable Taiwan to maintain a suffi- (1) the United States is Taiwan’s third cient self-defense capability; largest trading partner; and AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO (2) Taiwan is the 11th largest trading part- Whereas pursuant to section 1206 of the MEET ner of the United States and a key destina- Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal tion for United States agricultural exports; Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I have 6 Year 2003 (Public Law 107–228; 22 U.S.C. 2321k Whereas strong United States-Taiwan eco- requests for committees to meet during note.), Taiwan is to be treated as though it nomic relations have been a positive factor today’s session of the Senate. They were designated a major non-NATO ally for in stimulating economic growth and job cre- have the approval of the Majority and transfers of defense articles or defense serv- ation for the people of the United States and Minority leaders. ices; of Taiwan; and Whereas in 1982, President Ronald Reagan Pursuant to rule XXVI, paragraph Whereas successive Congresses have pub- further clarified the importance and resil- 5(a), of the Standing Rules of the Sen- licly reaffirmed United States commitments ience of the United States-Taiwan relation- ate, the following committees are au- to Taiwan under the Taiwan Relations Act ship by agreeing to the Six Assurances; thorized to meet during today’s session and Six Assurances, including most recently Whereas the TRA and the Six Assurances of the Senate: on December 31, 2018, with the enactment are cornerstones of United States policy into law of the Asia Reassurance Initiative COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES with respect to Taiwan, as was reaffirmed— Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–409), which states The Committee on Armed Services is (1) by the House of Representatives with that— authorized to meet during the session the adoption of H. Con. Res. 88 on May 16, (1) it is United States policy ‘‘to support of the Senate on Thursday, April 4, 2016; and the close economic, political, and security 2019, at 9:30 a.m., to conduct a hearing. (2) by the Senate with the adoption of S. relationship between Taiwan and the United Con. Res. 38 on July 6, 2016; COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL States’’; and RESOURCES Whereas the TRA and the Six Assurances (2) the President should— have been essential components in helping to (A) ‘‘conduct regular transfers of defense The Committee on Energy and Nat- maintain peace, security, and stability in articles to Taiwan that are tailored to ural Resources is authorized to meet the Western Pacific, thereby furthering the meet the existing and likely future threats during the session of the Senate on political, security, and economic interests of from the People’s Republic of China, in- Thursday, April 4, 2019, at 10 a.m., to the United States and Taiwan; cluding supporting the efforts of Taiwan to conduct a hearing on the following Whereas the United States and Taiwan develop and integrate asymmetric capa- nominations: David Bernhardt, of Vir- have forged ever closer economic and secu- bilities, as appropriate, including mobile, ginia, to be Secretary, and Susan rity relations during the last 4 decades based survivable, and cost-effective capabilities, Combs, of Texas, to be an Assistant on— into its military forces’’; and (1) their shared commitment to democ- (B) ‘‘encourage the travel of high-level Secretary, both of the Department of racy, human rights, the rule of law, and free United States officials to Taiwan, in ac- the Interior, and Aimee Kathryn market principles; and cordance with the Taiwan Travel Act’’: Jorjani, of Wisconsin, to be Chairman (2) their willingness to partner in efforts to Now, therefore, be it of the Advisory Council on Historic combat global terrorism and to address other Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep- Preservation. global challenges, such as challenges related resentatives concurring), That Congress— COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND to the environment, public health, energy se- (1) reaffirms that the Taiwan Relations GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS curity, education, women’s empowerment, Act and the Six Assurances are, and will re- The Committee on Homeland Secu- digital economy, poverty, and natural disas- main, cornerstones of United States rela- ters; tions with Taiwan; rity and Governmental Affairs is au- Whereas the United States-Taiwan global (2) encourages United States officials at all thorized to meet during the session of partnership was further strengthened in levels to travel to meet with their counter- the Senate on Thursday, April 4, 2019, June 2015, with a memorandum of under- parts in Taiwan, and for high-level Taiwan at 9:30 a.m., to conduct a hearing. standing between the American Institute in officials to enter the United States and meet COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY Taiwan and the Taipei Economic and Cul- with United States officials, in accordance The Committee on the Judiciary is tural Representative Office in the United with the Taiwan Travel Act; authorized to meet during the session States, which established the Global Co- (3) reiterates that the President should of the Senate on Wednesday, April 3, operation and Training Framework, and has conduct regular transfers of defense articles allowed the 2 parties to cohost many work- to Taiwan consistent with Taiwan’s national 2019, at 2:45 p.m., to conduct a hearing shops on critical topics, including a Decem- security requirements in accordance with ex- on the following nominations: Daniel ber 2018 workshop on humanitarian assist- isting law, including the Asia Reassurance P. Collins, and Kenneth Kiyul Lee, ance and disaster relief that was attended by Initiative Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–409); both of California, both to be a United 10 regional governments; (4) calls upon the Secretary of State to ac- States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Cir- Whereas Taiwan has the expertise, willing- tively engage internationally in support of cuit, James Wesley Hendrix, and Mark ness, and capability to engage in inter- Taiwan’s meaningful participation in inter- T. Pittman, both to be a United States national efforts to mitigate global chal- national organizations engaged in addressing District Judge for the Northern Dis- lenges related to such issues as public transnational threats and challenges such as trict of Texas, Sean D. Jordan, to be health, aviation safety, crime, and ter- those related to health, aviation security, rorism, but its participation in such efforts and crime and terrorism; United States District Judge for the has been constrained by conditions imposed (5) recognizes Taiwan’s partnership in com- Eastern District of Texas, Ronald D. by the People’s Republic of China; bating global terrorism, including as a full Vitiello, of Illinois, to be an Assistant Whereas successive Congresses have called partner in the Global Coalition to Defeat Secretary of Homeland Security, Virgil upon the executive branch to develop strate- ISIS, and in addressing other global chal- Madden, of Indiana, to be a Commis- gies to obtain meaningful participation for lenges through the Global Cooperation and sioner of the United States Parole Taiwan in international organizations, such Training Framework and similar initiatives; Commission, and Nick Edward Proffitt, as the World Health Organization, the Inter- (6) urges the President to explore opportu- of Virginia, to be United States Mar- national Civil Aviation Organization, and nities to expand and deepen bilateral eco- shal for the Eastern District of Vir- the International Criminal Police Organiza- nomic and trade relations with Taiwan; tion (commonly known as ‘‘INTERPOL’’); (7) underscores the importance of the close ginia, Department of Justice. Whereas the House of Representatives people-to-people ties cultivated through ini- SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE passed H.R. 353 on January 22, 2019, which ex- tiatives such as the Fulbright Program, The Select Committee on Intel- presses support for Taiwan’s participation at which has supported thousands of scholar ligence is authorized to meet during

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:36 Apr 05, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A04AP6.040 S04APPT1 lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with SENATE S2282 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 the session of the Senate on Wednes- lution be agreed to, the preamble be NOMINATIONS day, April 3, 2019, at 2.45 p.m., to con- agreed to, and the motions to recon- Executive nominations received by duct a closed hearing. sider be considered made and laid upon the Senate: the table with no intervening action or SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION, OPERATIONS, THE JUDICIARY SAFETY, AND SECURITY debate. FRANK WILLIAM VOLK, OF WEST VIRGINIA, TO BE The Subcommittee on Aviation, Op- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE SOUTHERN erations, Safety, and Security of the objection, it is so ordered. DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA, VICE JOHN T. COPENHAVER, JR., RETIRED. Committee on Commerce, Science, and The resolution (S. Res. 145) was DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Transportation is authorized to meet agreed to. The preamble was agreed to. SCOTT SOLES, OF TEXAS, TO BE CHIEF FINANCIAL OF- during the session of the Senate on FICER, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, VICE JON M. Thursday, April 4, 2019, at 10:15 a.m., to (The resolution, with its preamble, is HOLLADAY. conduct a hearing. printed in today’s RECORD under ‘‘Sub- FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM mitted Resolutions.’’) f MICHELLE BOWMAN, OF KANSAS, TO BE A MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE f SYSTEM FOR A TERM OF FOURTEEN YEARS FROM FEB- SUPPORTING THE NORTH ATLAN- RUARY 1, 2020. (REAPPOINTMENT) RECOGNIZING THE CENTENNIAL TIC TREATY ORGANIZATION AND SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION RECOGNIZING ITS 70 YEARS OF OF THE INSTITUTE OF INTER- ALLISON HERREN LEE, OF COLORADO, TO BE A MEM- ACCOMPLISHMENTS NATIONAL EDUCATION BER OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION FOR A TERM EXPIRING JUNE 5, 2022, VICE KARA MAR- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I LENE STEIN, TERM EXPIRED. ask unanimous consent that the Sen- ask unanimous consent that the Sen- EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT ate proceed to consideration of S. Res. ate proceed to the consideration of Cal- MICHAEL J.K. KRATSIOS, OF SOUTH CAROLINA, TO BE endar No. 5, S. Res. 123. 146, submitted earlier today. AN ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE The PRESIDING OFFICER. The AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY, VICE PATRICIA K. FALCONE, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The RESIGNED. clerk will report the resolution by clerk will report the resolution by title. UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL title. DEVELOPMENT The bill clerk read as follows: The bill clerk read as follows: ALMA L. GOLDEN, OF TEXAS, TO BE AN ASSISTANT AD- A resolution (S. Res. 123) supporting the A resolution (S. Res. 146) recognizing the MINISTRATOR OF THE UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR North Atlantic Treaty Organization and rec- centennial of the Institute of International INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, VICE ARIEL PABLOS– MENDEZ. ognizing its 70 years of accomplishments. Education. DEPARTMENT OF STATE There being no objection, the Senate There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the resolution. RICHARD B. NORLAND, OF IOWA, A CAREER MEMBER OF proceeded to consider the resolution. THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, CLASS OF MINISTER– Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR EXTRAORDINARY AND ask unanimous consent that the reso- PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA know of no further debate on the meas- TO LIBYA. lution be agreed to, the preamble be ure. THE JUDICIARY The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there agreed to, and the motions to recon- STEVEN D. GRIMBERG, OF GEORGIA, TO BE UNITED further debate? sider be considered made and laid upon STATES DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT Hearing none, the question is on the table with no intervening action or OF GEORGIA, VICE RICHARD W. STORY, RETIRED. agreeing to the resolution. debate. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE The resolution (S. Res. 123) was The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without RANDALL P. HUFF, OF WYOMING, TO BE UNITED objection, it is so ordered. STATES MARSHAL FOR THE DISTRICT OF WYOMING FOR agreed to. THE TERM OF FOUR YEARS, VICE JOSEPH CAMPBELL Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I The resolution (S. Res. 146) was MOORE, TERM EXPIRED. ask unanimous consent that the mo- agreed to. IN THE AIR FORCE tions to reconsider be considered made The preamble was agreed to. THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT and laid upon the table with no inter- (The resolution, with its preamble, is AS SENIOR MILITARY ACQUISITION ADVISOR IN THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION vening action or debate. printed in today’s RECORD under ‘‘Sub- 1725(A): The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without mitted Resolutions.’’) To be colonel objection, it is so ordered. f CHRISTOPHER B. ATHEARN (The resolution is printed in the ORDERS FOR MONDAY, APRIL 8, IN THE ARMY RECORD of March 27, 2019, under ‘‘Sub- 2019 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT mitted Resolutions.’’) TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: f Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that when the To be colonel COMMEMORATING THE BICENTEN- Senate completes its business today, it THEODORE W. KLEISNER NIAL OF THE BIRTH OF RABBI adjourn until 4 p.m., Monday, April 8, THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT ISAAC MAYER WISE AND THE TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE 2019, and that following the prayer and ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: 130TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE pledge, the morning hour be deemed To be colonel FOUNDING OF THE CENTRAL expired, the Journal of proceedings be CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN approved to date, the time for the two ROBERT W. HUGHES THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT RABBIS leaders be reserved for their use later TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I in the day, and the Senate be in a pe- To be colonel ask unanimous consent that the Sen- riod of morning business, with Sen- ate proceed to the immediate consider- ators permitted to speak therein for up LARRY R. JORDAN, JR. to 10 minutes each. THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT ation of S. Res. 145, submitted earlier TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY today. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SEC- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The objection, it is so ordered. TIONS 624 AND 7064: To be major clerk will report the resolution by f title. KONTRINA S. PARK The bill clerk read as follows: ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY, THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT APRIL 8, 2019, AT 4 P.M. TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY A resolution (S. Res. 145) commemorating UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: the bicentennial of the birth of Rabbi Isaac Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, if To be lieutenant colonel Mayer Wise and the 130th anniversary of the there is no further business to come be- MARCUS L. JORDAN founding of the Central Conference of Amer- fore the Senate, I ask unanimous con- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT ican Rabbis. sent that it stand adjourned under the TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE There being no objection, the Senate previous order. ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: proceeded to consider the resolution. There being no objection, the Senate, To be colonel Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I at 6:39 p.m., adjourned until Monday, ROBERT M. HUDSON TERRY W. PARTIN ask unanimous consent that the reso- April 8, 2019, at 4 p.m. JAMES D. SIZEMORE

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CHRISTOPHER MINOR THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT To be colonel CHARLES S. MOLINETS TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE TRACY G. MONTEITH TIMOTHY B. ALEXANDER ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: MICHAEL A. NAPOLITANO MICHAEL J. BANKS To be colonel DAVID S. NASH DAVID C. BARKUS CHRISTOPHER J. NIEWIND AARON H. BAUGHER JOHN E. CALLIHAN II DAVID A. OKIMOTO JOSEPH A. BAULDRY MICHAEL A. HOFFMAN RODERICK J. PAGE HUNTER L. BELCHER JOHN A. MEYER JAMES E. PATRICK JASON P. BENSON JEFFREY F. RYAN STEPHEN M. PAZAK ANDREW M. BISHOP THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT MATTHEW W. PETERSON BRIAN L. BLANKENSHIP TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE JEAN P. PLAMONDON ALVIN P. BOLTON ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: RONNIE H. PRESTON, JR. JOHN B. BOWLIN MOHAMMED Z. RAHMAN RODNEY W. BOWMAN To be colonel ANDREW L. RAMOS SEAN A. BRADY BOGUSLAW A. AUGUSTYN BRIAN J. REGAN DONALD R. BRAUGHT DIANE M. RICHBURG SHILOH P. BRIGGS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MATT F. RIESENBERG MARK E. BRODERICK TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE CHRISTOPHER B. RILEY TIMOTHY A. BROOKS ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: DEAN B. ROBERTS JEFFERY P. BURKE To be colonel DEVON D. ROBERTS SCOTT L. BUSH JANET E. ROSS KENDRICK L. CAGER JAMES R. ACHENBACH STEPHEN B. RUBRIGHT MIRIAM D. CARLISLEWESTFALL DERRIL J. ALBERT THERESA J. RUSIN BRYAN M. CARR ALLAN D. BARALL NICHOLAS M. SANCHEZ MAXIME C. CASTELEYN JEREMY BARAN RUDOLPH P. SANTACROCE ERICA M. CHRISTIE LOUISA R. BARGERON WESLEY B. SARGENT SHAWN C. CODY RYAN W. BARNES GREGORY M. SAWMELLE JOSEPH A. COOKE, JR. FRANK A. BART MATTHEW T. SCILLIA BRETT A. COOPER ERIK S. V. BENSON JOHN A. SHULLI GREGORY S. COOPER JULIE M. BIRCH CHRISTOPHER S. SIMCOX JUNE S. COPELAND ROBERT G. BLAIR III BETH A. SISSON VIRGINIA C. CORDERY JIMMY W. BOAN DARRIN L. SMITH KEVIN P. CRAWFORD DEREK R. BOLZ EDDIE J. SMITH JAMEY L. CREEK GARY H. BOUTELLE GREGORY M. SMITH DAVID E. CRENSHAW KACEY C. BRASHEAR MICHAEL D. SMITH PAUL F. CRIGLER PATRICIA L. BREWER MICHAEL J. SMITH ROBERT S. CROCKEM, JR. DANIEL M. BROWN TRAVIS A. SMITH JAMES C. CROWLEY JOHN F. BRUNETT JONATHAN D. SOLTZ HENRY J. CUDNEY WILLIAM D. BUNDY DARREN A. SPAULDING JAMES T. CULVER DUANE A. BURK THERON C. SPURGEON MICHAEL B. DAAKE CHRISTINA L. BURTON GEORGE M. STATHAM III ROBERT C. DAVIS ANTHONY C. BUSILLO III BENJAMIN L. STEVENS BRIAN K. DEAN CHRISTOPHER J. BUZARD BRYAN L. STOVER MARC D. DEFREYN MATTHEW M. CAIN FRANCIS C. SUYAK SCOTT J. DESORMEAUX MARK D. CAMPBELL ELIZABETH K. SWEET MICHAEL G. DYKES ARCHER R. CARR MICHAEL L. TANG ANDREW R. DZIENGELESKI ABIGAIL A. CATHELINEAUD HENRY L. TENNANT, JR. MICHAEL W. ECKER JOHN A. CHAVEZ JOSEPH C. THAMES, JR. CARL E. ENGSTROM BRAD A. CLAWSON KATHERINE J. TOWNSEND JEFFREY A. ERICKSON BRIAN A. COPE JOHN H. TUCKWILLER MICHAEL D. EVANS MICHAEL J. CREEDON SIEGFRIED J. ULLRICH EVAN C. EWACHIW ANGEL R. DAVILALOPEZ ANDREW B. ULMER JAMES A. FALEAFINE DAVID J. DAVIS CHRISTOPHER M. UPCHURCH BRIAN S. FALLON MARK P. DEDRICK TIMOTHY J. VERSPRILLE GREGORY T. FARR ANDREW S. DEJESSE STEPHEN D. VILE, JR. TOD M. FENNER CECILIA A. DIAZ GERARD D. WALSH ROBERT B. FISK ROBERT J. DINAN ALLISON E. WATKINS DEAN J. FIX ROSA A. DRAKE KEITH B. WEBER ANTHONY D. FORD OBUN J. DUFFY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT RENEE M. FORD REX A. EISERER TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE DOUGLAS J. FORTIER GREGORY H. FAIRBANK ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: CRAIG A. FOURNIER DAVID M. FARABAUGH To be colonel ARTHUR J. GARFFER, JR. SUZANNE M. FIELD RANDALL K. GATES GAIL A. FISHER KEITH A. ARCHIBALD FRANCIS E. GERMANESE PHILLIP A. FLEMING JASON M. ARNDT DAVID L. GIBBONS III WALTER L. FLINN BETTINA K. AVENT DANIEL E. GILBERT MARTIN R. FLYNN JERRY A. BROWN THOMAS W. GOLDEN JEFFREY W. FOREST ANTHONY M. CALLANDRILLO LINDA S. GRAY DAVID M. FOSTER JOHN G. CASEY LOUIS D. GRAY KAREN D. R. FRICKE DANIEL L. CEDERMAN MARVIN R. GREEN III JAMES H. GORMLY MARCUS A. CHEATHAM BRYANT L. HAAS JASON A. GRIDER JOHN J. COIRO JOHN C. HALL JOHN C. HAAS, JR. BETTY S. CUMMISKEY DAVID S. HAMILTON THOMAS J. HARZEWSKI VERNON R. DAVIS CHARLES A. HANCOCK NANCY L. HENDERSON ERIC R. FRIEBIS MICHAEL D. HANSON LEE A. HERRING LEAF S. HALES LANCE D. HARGRAVE JAY A. HINES SHAWN T. HUBBELL MICHAEL S. HATFIELD PHILLIP L. HIRSCH DAVID M. JENKINS CRAIG S. HEATHSCOTT PATRICK E. HUGHES ELAINE J. JOHNSON BILLIE W. HEISER II MILTON V. HUMPHREY VALERIA G. JOHNSON BRIAN P. HENNESSEY GREGORY P. HUTCHINS BRET D. JONES JAVID D. HERAVI MICHAEL A. JACOBSON DOUGLAS R. KISSELL MICHAEL K. HERRINGTON GEOFFREY J. JERAM MARITZA LAGARES MICHAEL W. HICKS MARK L. JOHNSTON, JR. STEVEN E. LAMPKINS JAMES R. HIGGINBOTHAM HEIDI A. JONES JAMES M. LEWIS ARVID R. HILL CHARLES C. JORDAN ANDREW T. LOVE DEREK J. HOLLAND LAWRENCE J. KAPP THOMAS MANION SCOTT E. HOUSE OK K. KIM JABAR M. MARKS TURON M. HUMPHREY CHAD E. KIRCHNER MARY P. MARTINEZ SARAH E. HURLEY ADRIAN I. KOBRYN RHONDA R. MCCULLEY JOHN M. INSETTA REGINALD J. KORNEGAY DANIEL C. MCTIGUE BARRY C. JACKSON ERIC C. KOTOUC MATTHEW N. METZEL JOSE B. JAQUES GERALD J. KRIEGER CASEY J. MINER CHARLES K. JAWORSKI, JR. MICHAEL R. LAFONTAINE WILLIAM G. MORRIS PETER J. JERZAK RODERICK F. LAUGHMAN CHARLES N. MOULTON JEFFARY L. JIANNONI HARRY M. LAWSON JEFFREY C. MOZINGO BARRY L. JOHNSON MATTHEW J. LAWSON GARY L. OLIVER CHRISTOPHER M. JOHNSON RICHARD R. LEACH JOSEPH R. PARNELL ROBERT C. JORGENSEN, JR. SCOTT A. LEIDIGH AARON P. RADTKE MARK E. KALIN JOHN W. LEWIS KIP R. REITZ DENNIS E. KEENER ANTHONY M. LEYVA JOSEPH C. RICKER AARON P. KEIRN CHRISTOPHER G. LIBERTINI JOHN A. SALO JARED D. LAKE RUSSELL J. LOFQUIST NICHOLAS J. SCHAPPER DAVID R. LAYDON PAUL V. LOHMANN TERRANCE L. SCHOOLER BOBBY J. LEE, JR. GEORGE N. MAY DARRELL S. SCHUSTER NATALIE L. LEWELLEN JAMES F. MAZZEI THOMAS L. SHARRATT HEATH M. LEWIS CARLUS U. MCCONNELL TROY N. SHEARER PATRICK L. LEWIS WILLIAM S. MCDANIEL TY S. SHORT DANIEL J. LONG EDWARD A. MCGOLDRICK MICKIE J. SKAGGS WILLIAM B. LONG JOHN M. MCGOWAN TRENT A. SMITH JOHN G. LOWE KEVIN O. MCKENZIE JOSEPH L. THOMAS MATTHEW A. LUTZ CLINTON MEAD MARK A. WATERS REECE J. LUTZ MICHAEL C. MELANCON FRANK L. WITSBERGER CHRIS M. MABIS CARLOS J. MELENDEZ THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT JASON P. MAHFOUZ ROBERT W. METCALFE TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE JUSTIN L. MANN JOSEPH S. MILLER ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: MICHAEL J. MANUCY, JR.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:05 Jul 01, 2019 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 9801 E:\RECORD19\APRIL\S04AP9.REC S04AP9 S2284 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 4, 2019 TIMOTHY R. MAPLES AARON R. SCHUH To be lieutenant commander MICHAEL P. MARCINIAK JAMES D. SEWARD GREGORY MARCUSON WILLIAM M. SHARP MARISSA A. MAYOR WILLARD B. MARLOW FRED B. SHIRAH, JR. THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT CHARLES B. MARTIN, JR. JOSHUA M. SIMER TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY ROBERT M. MARTINEZ JOHN D. SIVLEY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: MICHAEL D. MCCOY NATHANIEL R. SKELLY ERIC D. MCELWAIN JAMES S. SLAVEN To be captain GARY S. MCLEOD STEPHEN G. SMITH SARAH M. MCLEVY TIFFANY M. SNEED ADAM C. HANCOCK JAMES L. MCNAIR III RAGNAR P. SORENSEN THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT ROBERT H. MEDINA WILLIAM G. START TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY CARL C. MEREDITH JONATHAN S. STEINBACH UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: TIMOTHY M. METCALF TOMMIE D. STEVENS CHRISTOPHER S. MOENSTER ERIC M. STILLER To be commander CHAD E. STONE DAVID A. MOORE JOHN J. EASTMAN ANTHONY MOSCATO JEFFREY D. STOWELL JASON P. NELSON JOHN W. STRAIN II ROBERT D. NESBIT, JR. SHANE P. STRICKLAND f RODNEY D. NEWTON TIMOTHY A. STROHMAN ERIC W. NORRIS STEPHEN M. STROUD JAMES M. PALEMBAS, JR. CRAIG A. SWANK CONFIRMATIONS ROBERT J. PAYNE PAUL W. TAPPEN DEXTER T. THORNTON WILLY F. PEGUES IV Executive nominations confirmed by KENDRICK D. TRAYLOR JUSTIN D. PERRYMAN PHILLIP G. TREVINO the Senate April 4, 2019: NATHANIEL W. PETERS DANA L. TUCKER THOMAS C. PETERSON TODD J. VERRILL THE JUDICIARY SALLY F. PETTY WALTER E. VONHOVEN IRA J. PHILLIPS, JR. ROY KALMAN ALTMAN, OF FLORIDA, TO BE UNITED ROBERT S. WALKER JOHN E. PITT STATES DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT PAUL A. WATERS DAVID C. POLKINGHORN OF FLORIDA. BRIAN E. WATSON MATTHEW N. PORTER RAY P. WATSON FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY PAMELA L. PRINCE MATTHEW E. WEAR JOSHUA B. QUANTZ DAVID E. WEST, JR. MARK ANTHONY CALABRIA, OF VIRGINIA, TO BE DIREC- JAMES C. RAE, JR. JONATHAN C. WILLIAMS TOR OF THE FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY FOR A KENNETH J. RATLIFF JASON L. WISEHART TERM OF FIVE YEARS. DARREN REAM KENNETH P. WISNIEWSKI III CASEY D. REED MATTHEW S. WOODRUFF f RANDY N. REMIKER ROBERT J. YENCHA EDMUND M. RIELY WING Y. YU RAYMOND J. RIPBERGER FELIX A. RODRIGUEZ, JR. IN THE NAVY WITHDRAWAL GREGORY W. ROGERS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT CARLOS R. ROQUE Executive Message transmitted by IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY STEPHAN J. RUPPELLEE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: the President to the Senate on April 4, ARON T. SACCHETTI CHRISTOPHER J. SAMULSKI To be lieutenant commander 2019 withdrawing from further Senate DEMIAN W. SANMIGUEL consideration the following nomina- CLEMENT V. SAWIN GUY W. JENSEN SEAN W. SAWYER DAVID L. RHOINEY tion: STEPHEN E. SAWYER VENITA M. SIMPSON RONALD D. VITIELLO, OF ILLINOIS, TO BE AN ASSIST- MICHAEL T. SCATES THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT ANT SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY, VICE SARAH LORI R. SCHANHALS IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY R. SALDANA, WHICH WAS SENT TO THE SENATE ON JANU- JOHN A. SCHOTT UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: ARY 16, 2019.

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