De L'appliqué Et Du Quilting

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De L'appliqué Et Du Quilting Linda Clements Guide pratique du PATCHORK de l’appliqué et du quilting Techniques et modèles © 2013 Groupe Eyrolles pour l’édition en langue française SOMMAIRE Préface 5 Patchwork 36 Quilting 184 Introduction 6 Composition 38 Préparer le quilting 186 Les blocs 42 Choisir un motif de quilting 189 Principes généraux 8 Scrap 46 Tracer le motif 194 Matériel 10 Sampler 48 Quilting à la main 196 Fournitures 14 Assemblage à la main 50 Quilting à grands points 200 Travailler avec les tissus 18 Assemblage sur patron 51 Piqué marseillais 202 Utiliser des gabarits 26 Assemblage à la machine 54 Quilting celtique 204 Tracer et couper les pièces 29 Patchwork de carrés Sashiko 206 Apports du numérique 34 et de rectangles 60 Motifs kantha 211 Patchwork de bandes 66 Quilting à la machine 212 Patchwork séminole 70 Piqué libre 218 Patchwork Bargello 74 Machines à quilter 220 Bandes sur support 76 Quilting progressif 222 Patchwork de triangles 78 Quilting noué 223 Patchwork de losanges Trapunto 224 et de fi gures complexes 84 Quilting à motifs rembourrés 226 Patchwork de pièces courbes 88 Quilting fantaisie 228 Patchwork fi guratif 95 Assemblage sur support 96 Finitions 232 Crazy 100 Finition des bords 234 Patchwork biscuit 106 Touches fi nales 243 Patchwork plié 109 Points utiles 245 Eff ets spéciaux 118 Ouvrages 248 Art textile 125 Informations pratiques 250 Bandes intercalaires 126 Modèles 251 Bordures 130 Bibliographie 252 Appliqué 136 Adresses 253 Tissus et fi ls pour l’appliqué 138 Remerciements 253 Motifs et gabarits 141 Crédits 2 54 Appliqué avec rentré 144 À propos de l’auteur 254 Reliefs et volumes 148 Index 255 Papier de congélation 151 Voile thermocollant double face 152 Les contours 156 Broderie perse 161 Appliqué hawaïen 162 Appliqué inversé 166 Appliqué d’ombre 170 Appliqué incrusté 174 Appliqué avec du biais 176 Shishadur 183 Principes généraux 29 TRACER ET COUPER LES PIÈCES Pour réussir un pa tchwork ou un ouvr age en appliqué , il est essentiel de sa voir tracer et c ouper les pièc es. Dans ce chapitre, nous allons voir comment tracer les formes les plus courantes et les découper à l’aide d’un cutter rotatif. Pour plus de détails et de c onseils, reportez- vous à la sec tion Patchwork. Il est bien sûr possible de couper le tissu à l’aide d’une paire de ciseaux, mais le moyen le plus simple, le plus rapide et le plus précis est de loin le cutter rotatif. Un tapis de découpe autocicatrisant, une règle à patchwork (aussi grande que possible) et un cutter rotatif à grande lame : voilà tout l’équipement nécessaire aux travaux courants. Vous n’êtes pas obligé de suivre systé- matiquement des formes précises. Vous pouvez aussi découper des pièces à main levée, avec un cutter rotatif ou une paire de ciseaux, pour obtenir des formes originales et esthétiques aux contours arrondis. L’abandon de la règle peut être très libérateur ! L’un des aspects les plus passionnants du patchwork réside dans la combinaison habile des pièces. La précision du traçage et de la coupe est essentielle. Ce quilt de Christine Porter, inspiré par un carrelage de la fi n du XIXe siècle, repose sur des carrés, des rectangles et des triangles associés de façon originale. COUPE AU CUTTER ROTATIF Pour réussir votre coupe au cutter, suivez les conseils ci- après (voir aussi l’encadré Règles de sécurité, page suivante). • Repassez les tissus avant la coupe pour les défroisser. • Nettoyez régulièrement le tapis pour éviter l’accumulation de • Coupez sur un support robuste ou un tapis de découpe peluches. En utilisant les graduations de la règle plutôt que autocicatrisant. Le plan de travail ne doit pas être trop bas pour celle du tapis, vous éviterez de couper toujours au même éviter de se faire mal au dos. endroit et prolongerez d’autant la durée de vie du tapis. • Une lame de 45 mm de diamètre convient dans presque tous Rangez ce dernier à plat ou suspendu, à l’abri du soleil. les cas, mais une lame de 28 mm est plus facile à manœuvrer • Utilisez la même règle tout au long du projet, car il peut y avoir autour des courbes et des gabarits. de légères diff érences de graduations d’un modèle à l’autre. • Tenez fermement le manche du cutter à 45 °, la lame perpen- • Lorsque vous vous servez d’un gabarit, plaquez la lame du cutter diculaire au plan de travail. Maintenez la règle avec l’autre main, contre lui, en prenant toutefois soin de ne pas l’entamer. en éloignant vos doigts du bord. Utilisez une règle épaisse en • Les courbes douces peuvent être coupées au cutter rotatif, acrylique, pas une règle de bureau ordinaire. Travailler debout mais il est plus simple d’employer un cutter circulaire pour les permet habituellement de mieux contrôler ses gestes. courbes prononcées. • Guidez fermement la lame du cutter contre la règle – sur le • Lorsque vous découpez du tissu plié en deux, vérifi ez sur les côté droit de cette dernière si vous êtes droitier, sur le côté premières pièces que celles du dessous sont bien droites. Si ce gauche si vous êtes gaucher. La pièce de tissu que vous voulez n’est pas le cas, repliez le tissu correctement. obtenir doit se trouver sous la règle. • N’exagérez pas le nombre d’épaisseurs de tissu que vous cou- • Lorsque vous faites une longue coupe, déplacez la main le long pez à la fois, car il peut se produire un décalage qui nuirait à la de la règle au fur et à mesure : ne soulevez jamais les doigts, précision. Au préalable, repassez les tissus en vaporisant dessus mais faites- les progresser les uns après les autres. un peu d’amidon. Superposez- les de façon à former une pile • Ne passez pas le cutter sur des épingles : elles abîmeraient la compacte. Placez- la avec précaution sur le tapis et égalisez ses lame et dévieraient la coupe. bords. 30 Principes généraux RÈGLES DE SÉCURITÉ Les cutters rotatifs ont des lames extrêmement tranchantes et il est facile de se blesser ou de blesser les autres. Vous devez donc toujours les manipuler avec beaucoup de précautions et suivre les conseils ci- dessous. • Placez le tapis de découpe sur une surface stable, par exemple le plan de travail de la cuisine ou une table robuste, et travaillez debout dans la mesure du possible. Portez des chaussures fermées, au cas où le cutter tomberait. • Ne coupez jamais vers vous et tenez les doigts éloignés du bord de la règle. • Une fois le travail terminé, remettez le cutter dans son étui de protection. Certains cutters sont dotés de lames rétractables. • Utilisez toujours une lame bien aff ûtée, sans entailles. Si elle est émoussée, vous devez appuyer davantage et risquez de déraper. Lorsqu’une lame commence à laisser derrière elle quelques fi ls intacts, il est temps de la remplacer. • Conservez les instruments de coupe hors de portée des enfants et des animaux domestiques. Ne laissez jamais les enfants s’en servir. • Pour jeter les lames usagées, remettez- les dans leur emballage plastique d’origine ou emballez- les dans du papier fort. BANDES Bandes dans la longueur – Les bandes coupées dans la longueur Les bandes de tissu sont très utilisées, notamment pour les sont plus stables, car la chaîne est moins extensible que la trame. ouvrages de type séminole. Elles constituent la première étape En outre, les imprimés suivent le droit- fi l, ce qui fait qu‘ils risquent dans l’apprentissage de la coupe de pièces. Les bandes peuvent moins d’être déformés. On peut empiler plusieurs tissus sans les être coupées dans la largeur du tissu, perpendiculairement aux plier, en général quatre, et les couper comme illustré ci- dessous. lisières, ou dans la longueur, parallèlement aux lisières (A). De Commencez par supprimer une lisière (C), puis coupez des nombreuses personnes ont l’habitude de les couper dans la bandes de la largeur désirée (D). T largeur, mais il y a des avantages à les couper dans la longueur. T lisière bande dans la longueur bande dans la largeur A lisière B Tissu plié en deux Alignez le pli sur Bandes dans la largeur – Pliez le tissu en un repère horizontal. deux, envers contre envers, en alignant les g lisières l’une sur l’autre. Placez- le sur le tapis, en alignant le pli sur un repère horizontal, et coupez une mince bande verticale pour Faites glisser la règle vers le haut égaliser le bord droit (B). Faites pivoter le tapis pour compléter ou le tissu de façon à placer le bord égalisé à la coupe. votre gauche. Positionnez la règle selon la lar- geur de bande voulue et coupez. Si vous êtes gaucher, inversez les instructions : la bande à couper doit toujours être située sous la règle. Vous pouvez plier plusieurs fois le tissu pour couper plus de bandes à la fois. X C D 42 Patchwork LES BLOCS La plupar t des blocs sont c onçus à par tir de principes géométriques et peuvent donc être regroupés en catégories (comportant elles- mêmes des sous- catégories). I l existe des milliers de noms de blocs et c ertains en por tent même plusieurs. Ce qui est r assurant, c ’est qu’il n’est pas néc essaire de les c onnaître pour cr éer de magnifiques pa tchworks. Vous trouverez dans c e livre plus de c ent blocs illustr és. De quoi expérimenter de multiples combinaisons ! Les blocs constitués de petites pièces, comme ces triangles équilatéraux, off rent de nombreuses possibilités d’association de tissus. Certains noms de blocs décrivent la forme représentée, par exemple Étoile à huit branches, Toile d’araignée ou Éclair.
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