November 2010 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 502 - 1

CLASS 502, CATALYST, SOLID SORBENT, OR SUPPORT THEREFOR: PRODUCT OR Alkali metals: Lithium(Li), Sodium(Na), Potassium(K), PROCESS OF MAKING Rubidium(Rb), Cesium(Cs), and Francium(Fr)

SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION Actinides: Elements with atomic numbers 89 and above inclusive, Actinium(Ac), (Th), Protactin- This class provides for (1) a mixture of materials ium(Pa), (U), Neptunium(Np), Plutonium(Pu), intended to catalyze a reaction or to sorb a component of Americium(Am), Curium(Cm), Berkelium(Bk), Cali- a fluid or (2) certain single materials specifically struc- fornium(Cf), Einsteinium(Es), Fermium(Fm), Men- tured to catalyze a reaction or sorb a component. delevium(Md), Nobelium(No), Lawrencium(Lr)*

In this class, many subclasses are based on the - : Fluorine(F), Chlorine(Cl), Bromine(Br) ings of elements in the periodic chart. Below are listed Iodine(I), and Astatine(At) elements in the group as used in the class. Lithium(Li), Sodium(Na), Potassium(K), Rubid- Group I metals: Lithium(Li), Sodium(Na), Potas- ium(Rb), Cesium(Cs), and Francium(Fr) sium(K), Rubidium(Rb), Cesium(Ca), Francium(Fr), Copper(Cu), Silver(Ag), and Gold(Au) Rare earth: Scandium(Sc), Yttrium(Y), and Lanthanide group Group II metals: (Be), Magnesium(Mg), Cal- cium(Ca), Strontium(Sr), Barium(Ba), Radium(Ra), * La is grouped with the Lanthanides and Ac with the Zinc(Zn), Cadmium(Cd), and Mercury(Hg) Actinides.

Group III: Scandium(Sc), Ttrium(Y), Aluminum(Al), Gallium(Ga), Indium(In), and Thallium(Tl)* SECTION II - NOTES TO THE CLASS DEFINI- TION Group IV: (Ti), (Zr), Hafnium(Hf), Germanium(Ge), Tin(Sn), and Lead(Pd) (1) Note. Except as indicated in the title and definition, the subclasses in this class pro- Group V metals: (V), Niobium(Nb), Tanta- vide for both a product and a process of lum(Ta), Arsenic(As), Antimony(Sb), and Bismuth(Bi) making the product.

Group VI metals: (Cr), Molybdenum(Mo), Wolfram(W), Tungsten(T), and Polonium(Po) SECTION III - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS Group VII metals: (Mn), Technetium(To), and Rhenium(Re) Lines Within This Class

Group VIII: group metals, Iron(Fe), (Co), In this schedule some subclasses, namely 6, 8+, 104+ (Ni), and the metals, Ruthe- and 151 provide for methods only and a claim to a prod- nium(Ru), Rhodium(Rh), Palladium(Pd), (Os), uct must be classified in another subclass, while other Iridium(In), and Platinum(Pt) subclasses, e.g., 11+, 20+, and 418+ although developed on a process theme, provide also for the products of the Lanthanides: Elements with atomic numbers 57-71 process. Except for those situations in which a subclass inclusive, Lanthanum(La), (Ce), Praseody- for a specific process is provided, a method of making a mium(Pr), Neodymium(Nd), Promethium(Pm), Samar- composition of this class is classified with the composi- ium(Sm), Europium(Eu), Gadolinium(Gd), tion, per se. Terbium(Tb), Dysprosium(Dy), Holmium(Ho), Erbium(Er), Thulium(Th), Ytterbium(Yb), and Lute- Lines With Other Classes tium(Lu) (1) Classes directed to element or compound Alkaline earth metals: Calcium(Ca), Strontium(Sr), Bar- ium(Ba), and Radium(Ra) Superiority is dependent on comprehensiveness. A patent claiming a new compound and a composition of

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this class including such compound is placed here as an otherwise affixed to another zeolite or other original and cross referenced to the compound class. A solid sorbent composition or to a support mate- patent claiming a new compound or process of making rial. Class 96 takes apparatus having (a) an it, and a composition of this class which is used in mak- inlet for the fluid mixture to be treated, (b) a ing the compound is placed in the compound class as an means effective to cause separation into con- original and cross-referenced here. stituent parts, and (c) an outlet for at least one constituent separate and distinct from an outlet (2) Chemical Composition Placement for another constituent or a single outlet used at different times to remove the separated constit- The rules for determining Class placement of the Origi- uents. The means causing separation into con- nal Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions stituent parts confines the zeolite or other solid are set forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the sorbent composition inside an enclosure that section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND contains the fluid mixture being separated. WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION Class 96 also takes filter elements having zeo- CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical lite or other solid sorbent compositions held in ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION an open structure or rim that encases, holds, or CLASSES. borders the zeolite or other solid sorbent com- position or held on a skeletal structure. (Class References to Other Classes, below, are directed to the Providing for Related Matter.) following: Classes Providing for Related Matter; or 119, Animal Husbandry, particularly subclasses Classes Which May Have Catalytic or Sorbent Func- 171+ for material used for absorbing moisture tions. from an animal waste product, i.e., excrement or urine. (Class Providing for Related Matter.) 127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, for a pro- SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER cess using a sorbent in refining. (Class Provid- CLASSES ing for Related Matter.) 149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Charges, for a composition of that class which 8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and may include a catalyst or sorbent. (Class Pro- Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, viding for Related Matter.) for a process of dyeing, bleaching or cleaning a 201, Distillation: Processes Thermolytic, for a pro- textile which may utilize a catalyst or sorbent. cess producing char or a carbon residue which (Class Providing for Related Matter.) may have catalytic or sorbent properties. (Class 44, Fuel and Related Compositions, for a composi- Providing for Related Matter.) tion designed to initiate or sustain a flame and 204, : Electrical and Wave Energy, for an which may include a catalyst or sorbent. (Class electrode of that class which may be catalytic Providing for Related Matter.) or a process of treating an electrolyte of that 73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 23.2+ for class which may include sorbing. (Class Pro- gas analysis by use of a sorbent. (Class Which viding for Related Matter.) May Have Catalytic or Sorbent Functions.) 206, Special Receptacles or Package, subclass 0.7 95, Gas Separation: Processes, subclasses 90+ for and 204 for a container of that class including a processes of gas separation using solid sor- sorbent. (Class Which May Have Catalytic or bents. Class 95 will take the combination of Sorbent Functions.) gas separation using a solid sorbent and regen- 208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, for a erating the solid sorbent. (Class Providing for process which may employ a catalyst or sor- Related Matter.) bent in treating petroleum. (Class Providing for 96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, subclasses 108+ Related Matter.) for solid sorbent apparatus for gas separation. 210, Liquid Purification or Separation, for a pro- Class 502 will take zeolite or other solid sor- cess which may utilize a catalyst or sorbent in bent compositions having details of the physi- treating water or liquids in general. (Class Pro- cal characteristics of the composition itself viding for Related Matter.) (e.g., porosity, particle size, etc.). Class 502 252, Compositions, for a composition of general or will also take zeolite or other solid sorbent of some specific utilities and the relative posi- compositions that are layered, laminated, or tion of this class (502) with the various uses

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and functions provided for in that class. (Class 518, Chemistry: Fischer-Tropsch Processes; or Puri- Providing for Related Matter.) fication or Recovery of Products Thereof, for a 260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, (or the 520 process of that class using a catalyst and see and 530-570 series of classes incorporated especially subclass 701, 707, 709, 713, to 721 therein) for either an organic compound which and subclass 722 for a process using a sorbent. may be used as a catalyst or sorbent or a pro- (Class Providing for Related Matter.) cess using a catalyst or sorbent in making or 585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, for a purifying an organic compound. (Class Provid- process in which a catalyst or sorbent may be ing for Related Matter.) used to produce a hydrocarbon. (Class Provid- 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, subclass 900 ing for Related Matter.) for an alloy which may sorb hydrogen. (Class Which May Have Catalytic or Sorbent Func- tions.) SECTION V - GLOSSARY 422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, sub- SYNONYMS OF THE ELEMENTS classes 30, 69+, 88+, 122, 177+, 631-638, 211+, and 312 for a process using, or apparatus Alabamine = astatine, Aldebaranium = ytterbium including, a catalyst or sorbent. (Class Which May Have Catalytic or Sorbent Functions) Argentum = silver, Aurum = gold 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, Digest 13 and 16 for specific techniques which may be Austrium = impure gallium, Cassiopeium = Iutecium useful in using or regenerating a catalyst or sor- bent. (Class Which May Have Catalytic or Sor- Celtium = lutecium, Columbium = niobium bent Functions.) 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for either Demonium = dysprosium, Deuterium = hydrogen an inorganic compound which may be used as a catalyst or sorbent and especially subclasses Didymium = neodymium and praseodymium 700+ for a zeolite or a process using a catalyst to make an inorganic compound. (Class Pro- Dwi-manganese = rheniu, Eka-aluminum = gallium viding for Related Matter.) 426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Composi- Eka-boron = scandium, Eka-cesium = virginium tions, and Products, for a food which may include a sorbent. (Class Providing for Related Eka-iodine = alabamine, Eka-manganese = masurium Matter.) 430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Com- Eka-silicon = germanium, Eka-tantalum= protactinium positions, or Product Thereof, for a light sensi- tive composition which may include a catalyst. Erythronium= vanadium, Ferrum = iron (Class Providing for Related Matter.) 435, Chemistry Molecular Biology and Microbiol- Florentium = illinium, Glucinum = beryllium ogy, for an enzyme or a method using an enzyme. (Class Providing for Related Matter.) Hydrargyrum = mercury, Illinium = promethium 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, appropriate subclasses for chemical Kalium = potassium, Masurium = technetium analysis or testing processes involving the use of a sorbent. (Class Which May Have Catalytic Natrium = sodium, Neoytterbium = ytterbium or Sorbent Functions.) 506, Combinatorial Chemistry Technology: Niobium = Columbium, Niton = radon Method, Library, Apparatus, for a catalyst library or a method of making said library. Plumbum = lead, Radium emanation = radon

Stannum = tin, Stibium = antimony

Tritiumum = hydrogen, Virginium = francium

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Wolfram = tungsten Affecting, effecting, promoting, or initiating a reaction by being present-generally by presenting a contact sur- The meaning to be given to the various “art” terms face and usually recoverable from the product in essen- appearing in this class, but which have not been tially unchanged form and operating other than by included in the glossary below, is the same as that gener- merely acting as a solvent. The strict classical concept ally accepted or in common usage. However, certain of a catalyst is not rigidly adhered to now and the cata- terms employed in this class, which are included below, lyst may disappear, change or be included as an inciden- have been assigned definitions tailored to meet the tal moiety in the final product. A catalyst may inhibit needs of this class and therefore those may be more one reaction while promoting or allowing another reac- restricted or less limited or even altogether different tion but an agent strictly preventing or retarding a reac- from those in common usage. tion is a preservative for Class 252 Compositions, subclasses 380+. Examples of these retardants or inhibi- ACTIVATED tors are anti-oxidant and anti-knock compositions. An agent that encourages a reaction by dispersing the reac- The state or condition of a material which has been tants such as a more effective solvent is not a catalyst. A treated or acted upon to enable it to function as intended. catalyst may be gaseous, liquid or solid. In general a change is effected which is discernible often only in the ability to perform such function. For CHAR instance, activated charcoal. Carbonaceous reside from pyrolysis of organic material ACTIVE CARBON generally of a hard burned pitch appearance.

Sorbent form compressing carbon with either additive CLAY or porous structure enhancing sorbability. A naturally occurring hydrated aluminum silicate origi- ANIMAL CHARCOAL nally derived from the earth, having physical properties due at least in part to the size and distribution of colloi- See Bone Black dal particles, and properties including plasticity. Thirty or more percent of the particles are under 0.002 mm in BONE BLACK diameter.

Solid residue from chafing bones - @10%carbon, 80% (1) Note. The use of the term clay in a docu- Ca3(PO4), used particularly in decolorizing sugar solu- ment is considered to meet the above defi- tions. nition.

CATALYST (2) Note. Terms recognized as clay: attapulgite, bentonite, fuller"s earth, halloysite, illite An agent which affects or effects a chemical reaction by kaolin, montmorillonite, mullite. its presence in the reaction mass (other than by dissolv- ing or dispersing the reactants) generally being recover- (3) Note. Some earthy silicon compounds that able from the products as if it did not enter into the are not clay or zeolite include Asbestos, reaction and merely provided the impetus for reaction of Diaspore, Diatomaceous earth, Diatomite, other materials. While it was originally thought that a Feldspar, Guhr, Kieselgahr, Mica, Quartz, catalyst did not enter the reaction and instead provided Sand, and Silica. sites at which the reactants, per se, interacted, it is understood now that at least some transitory intermedi- METAL ates may involve the catalyst. The catalyst, however does not contribute substance to the desired final prod- An element that is not designated a nonmetal as listed uct even though it may remain inseparable from such infra. Nonmetals are H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, product. Halogens (F, Cl, Br, I, At,) and noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn). The various types or groups of metals are CATALYZE as set out at the beginning of the schedule.

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Mordenite, Natrolite, Offretite, Paulingite, ORGANIC Phillipsite, Ptilolite, Scolecite, Thomsonite, ZSM, and ZK. A compound in which carbon is bonded to (1) a second carbon; (2) at least one atom of hydrogen or ; or (2) Note. See the list in (3) Note of the defini- (3) nitrogen by a single or double bond; except cyanic tion of Clay, supra, for some silicon com- and (HOCN) cyanogen (NCCN), cyanamide (H2NCN), pounds not treated as clays or zeolites in cyanogen halide (HalCN), hydrocyanic (HCN) iso- this class (502). cyanic acid (HNCO) fulminic acid (HCNO) and metal carbides (MeCCMe). See class definition of Class 260. SUBCLASSES

SORB 1 HAVING FOREIGN OR DIVERSE FUNC- TION (E.G., PREVENT CORROSION, The attracting and holding of a constituent of a contact- ETC.): ing fluid, on the surface, within pores, or throughout its This subclass is indented under the class defini- mass by a material of solid character. The sorbing is tion. Composition having utility in addition to often selective, preferentially attracting a component catalysis or sorbency. and not attracting another but it may apply to a complete fluid. The sorbent may comprise a solid impregnated (1) Note. The diverse function may compre- with a normally liquid material in which the mixture has hend myriad uses, e.g., impart color, etc., a solid property but does not encompass a solution of a but a claimed function provided for in solid in a liquid. Class 252, Compositions in the schedule higher than subclass 478 is superior and SPECIFICALLY STRUCTURED will govern classification.

Having shape or size designed or calculated to increase (2) Note. Some wick compositions may be the catalysis or sorbency of a material, generally by pre- classified here on the basis of a heat con- senting a greater surface area per unit volume or a pore ductivity in addition to sorbency, but the size of critical dimensions. Examples of specifically bulk of wick compositions are classified structured single materials are Raney nickel and acti- in subclasses 400+. vated carbon. Since porosity and specific pore size are inherent in zeolites, critical dimensions of the pores of a (3) Note. A composition intended to func- Zeolite alone are not considered to constitute specific tion as an ignitor by catalytic and incan- structure. descing action is proper for this subclass.

ZEOLITE SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 252, Compositions, subclass 1 for a generi- A hydrous alumino silicate characterized by a three cally claimed composition having dimensional framework of Si04 and Al04 tetrahedra, several disclosed uses and the appro- cross-linked by the sharing of oxygen atoms being priate subclass for a composition hav- chemically balanced by a cation, usually sodium or cal- ing a claimed utility provided for in cium and of crystalline structure such that openings or that class schedule down to subclass pores allow access to a relatively large absorption area 194, inclusive. The rules for determin- inside the crystal. The cation may be ion exchanged for ing Class placement of the Original other metal ions, , an amine or hydrogen. Zeo- Reference (OR) for claimed chemical lites may be activated for sorption by driving off the compositions are set forth in the Class water of hydration. Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES (1) Note. Terms Recognized as being Zeolite AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, sub- include Analcite, Cancrinite, Chabazite, section COMPOSITION CLASS Clinotilolite, Cordierite, Edingtonite, Eri- SUPERIORITY, which includes a onite, Faujasite, Ferrierite, Gmelinite, Heu- hierarchical ORDER OF SUPERIOR- landite, Laumontite, Levynite, Mesolite, ITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.

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2 With structure having utility in addition to 5 IRRADIATION BY, OR APPLICATION support or carrier: OF, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC OR This subclass is indented under subclass 1. WAVE ENERGY: Composition having a shape or dimension This subclass is indented under the class defini- serving a purpose other than as a carrier for or tion. Process of preparing or perfecting a com- to enhance the surface contact area of catalytic position under the ... by subjecting it to a flow or sorbent material. or current of electrons, a sonic, magnetic, or electromotive field, or bombardment by sub (1) Note. This subclass provides for a nomi- atomic particles or radiant energy (e.g., ion nally claimed (a) self cleaning oven wall implantation, ultra sonic vibration, actinic or (b) exhaust muffler with catalytic light, X-rays, etc.). activity. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (2) Note. The foreign or diverse function is CLASS: usually provided by the physical form of 522, for a cross-reference art collection of the composition in this subclass, while compositions of this class, activated the other function in subclass 1 is usually for use, by radiant energy. due to the chemical nature of the compo- sition. 6 CONTROL RESPONSIVE TO SENSED CONDITION: 3 TO BE USED AS A MELT: This subclass is indented under the class defini- This subclass is indented under the class defini- tion. Processes involving a process control tion. Composition intended to function in the which is responsive to a sensed condition, (e.g., liquid phase, and which at standard tempera- temperature, pressure, etc.). ture and pressure would be solid. (1) Note. A process of regenerating a com- (1) Note. To be classified here, a patent must position of this class with automatic con- include a claim reciting the liquid phase, trol of temperature is classifiable here. or molten feature. 7 BIOSPECIFIC MATERIAL, OR PRO- (2) Note. A sorbent which would normally DUCED BY ENZYME OR MICROOR- be solid at room temperature but is GANISM: claimed as a liquid or melt is classifiable This subclass is indented under the class defini- here. tion. Composition peculiarly adapted to affect or bind a unique or very narrow spectrum of 4 IN FORM OF A MEMBRANE: biological material, or produced by a living This subclass is indented under the class defini- plant or animal of a size normally visible only tion. Composition claimed in terms designat- through a microscope. ing a relatively thin, flexible film. (1) Note. Microorganism includes bacte- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: rium, yeast, fungus, virus and unicellular 210, Liquid Purification or Separation, alga. subclass 500.21 for a membrane for treating liquids, in general, and water, (2) Note. A composition in which a catalytic in particular, by selective diffusion function is supplied only by an enzyme therethrough of components of the is classifiable in Class 435, Chemistry: liquid. Molecular Biology and Microbiology.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, appropriate subclasses especially 183+, for an enzyme (also known as a biological catalyst), per

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se, or a process using an enzyme, and polarity is captured, effecting a reversible see the definition of that class (435) chemical replacement reaction. for lines with other classes involving enzymes, and subclass 815 for a (1) Note. While an ion exchange process for cross-reference art collection for a a zeolite for this class is not classifiable process of separating enzymes. here, such a process involving a clay is classifiable here. 8 FORMING OR TREATING A SPHERE, PROCESS ONLY: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under the class defini- CLASS: tion. Method in which catalytic, sorbent, or 60+, for a process of making a catalytic or carrier material is shaped as an orb or ball, or sorbent zeolite composition which such material so shaped, is processed to perfect may include an ion exchange step. it for a utility of this class. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: (1) Note. The material may be a catalyst pre- 252, Compositions, subclass 179 and 184 cursor or a carrier, per se, claimed or dis- for an ion exchanging composition. closed solely for use in a composition of 521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, this class. subclass 25 for an ion exchange syn- thetic resin. (2) Note. This and the indented subclass provide for process only, and a claim to a 12 For regenerating or rehabilitating catalyst sphere of a composition of this class or sorbent: must be classified in this schedule on This subclass is indented under subclass 11. some other basis, generally being Process, , of treating a composition which has crossed down to the appropriate class been in use, to restore it to a state of intended providing for the composition. function.

9 Forming other than by liquid immersion: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 8. 34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact Method in which the spherical shape is With Solids, for processes of regener- imparted by solid or gaseous means. ating catalysts or adsorbents by drying only. (1) Note. Some examples of methods pro- 201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, vided for in this subclass are cutting, appropriate subclasses for a process of rolling, spraying, or atomizing, shot carbonizing by thermolytic distilla- tower dropping, etc. tion. 202, Distillation: Apparatus, for apparatus 10 Treating preformed sphere only: for making or reactivating bone black This subclass is indented under subclass 8. and other carbonaceous adsorbents by Process in which a previously made sphere is destructive distillation. subjected to the action of an agent which per- 208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, fects it for use as a catalyst or sorbent. for processes of converting or refining mineral oils which also includes the (1) Note. The agent may be chemical or steps of reactivating the catalyst or physical. adsorbent used in the process.

11 INCLUDING ION EXCHANGING, 20 REGENERATING OR REHABILITATING EXCEPT ZEOLITES OR PRODUCT CATALYST OR SORBENT: THEREOF: This subclass is indented under the class defini- This subclass is indented under the class defini- tion. Process of treating a composition , which tion. Process in which a dissociably charged has been in use, to restore it to a state of chemical moiety is released by the composition intended function by (a) removing accumulated and a different charged moiety of the same extraneous material, (b) replacing a lost essen-

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tial or perfecting component, (c) rearranging disturbed elements into a former functionally SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: useful configuration, or (d) subjecting spent 209, Classifying, Separating, and Assort- material to a force or environment serving to ing Solids, for methods of segregation make it again active for its intended function. of particles of general utility.

(1) Note. A steam treatment which is 22 Treating with a liquid or treating in a liquid claimed to activate spent carbon sorbent phase, including dissolved or suspended: is provided for in this or an indented sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 20. class even though there is no disclosure Process in which the catalyst or sorbent is con- of removal of contaminant or addition of tacted with a liquid or wherein treatment is material. effected in a liquid medium.

(2) Note. Combinations of regeneration or (1) Note. In a liquid medium includes either reactivation of an adsorbent and the dissolved or suspended catalyst or sor- recovery of the adsorbed material are bents. classified on the basis of the material recovered. (2) Note. The treating reagent is itself a liq- uid, is dissolved or suspended in a liquid SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: or is added to a catalyst or sorbent which 34, Drying and Gas Vapor Contact With is dissolved or suspended in a liquid car- Solids, for processes of regenerating rier, or is itself a liquid, including mol- catalysts or adsorbents by drying only. ten. 201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, appropriate subclasses for a process of SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- carbonizing by thermolytic distilla- CLASS: tion. 3, for a catalyst which functions in a 202, Distillation: Apparatus, for apparatus molten state. for making or reactivating bone black and other carbonaceous adsorbents by 23 “Wet air combustion” oxidation of material destructive distillation. submerged in liquid: 208, Mineral oils: Processes and Products, This subclass is indented under subclass 22. for processes of converting or refining Process in which the catalyst or sorbent is sub- mineral oils which also includes the jected to dissolved oxygen under pressure and steps of reactivating the catalyst or heat, below the critical temperature, such that adsorbent used in the process. autogenic oxidation is effected.

21 Including segregation of diverse particles: (1) Note. Generally undesired extraneous This subclass is indented under subclass 20. carbonaceous material is converted to Process wherein components of the catalyst or water and carbon oxides. sorbent are separated on the basis of specific gravity, density, size, shape, or other property (2) Note. The process is also known by sev- of differing discrete small bodies of the compo- eral terms such as “flameless combus- sition. tion”, “submerged combustion”, etc.

(1) Note. This subclass includes abrasion SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: with segregation of the catalyst or sor- 210, Liquid Purification or Separation, bent from abraded particles. It also subclass 761 for a similar process in includes segregation of catalyst and for- which liquid is treated by oxidation of eign particles such as dust. components in the liquid phase.

(2) Note. Flotation separation is an example of a process classifiable here.

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24 Including intended dissolution or precipita- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tion of a substantial amount of an ingredient CLASS: of the ultimate composition: 35, for a process using a halogen acid in This subclass is indented under subclass 22. the gaseous state. Process in which an essential component of the composition is (1) dissolved in a solvent or by 28 Organic: reaction, or (2) caused to come out of solution This subclass is indented under subclass 27. in a solid phase, permitting separation from Process in which the acid contains carbon as reaction products and/or extraneous material or set out in the term “organic” in the glossary. providing such component in an effective form. 29 Organic liquid: This subclass is indented under subclass 22. (1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass Process in which the treating agent is a liquid requires an intentional dissolution of a carbon compound as set out in the term organic component of the composition and does in the glossary. not include incidental etching of an active material during an acid treating to (1) Note. The bulk of the disclosures in this clean the metal surface. subclass are directed to solvent washing or extracting. (2) Note. A process in which additional active material may be added by precipi- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tation is not proper for this subclass. The CLASS: material precipitated must have been 21, for a flotation separating of particles present in the original catalyst composi- process which may include an organic tion, though possibly in a different form. liquid.

25 Using salt or alkaline substance: 30 And gas addition thereto: This subclass is indented under subclass 22. This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Process in which the material utilized is capa- Process which includes the step of subjecting ble of supplying a nonprotonic positive ion. the composition to the action of a gas.

(1) Note. The treating material of the sub- (1) Note. The gas treatment may be concur- class generally gives a basic or neutral rent with the liquid treatment. pH, but may include soaps (salts of car- boxylic ) and acid salts (e.g., 31 Hydrocarbon: NaHSO4, CaHPO4). This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Process in which the liquid used comprises a (2) Note. The use of a base to neutralize a compound composed of only hydrogen and previous acid treatment is provided for carbon. in this subclass. 32 Halogen containing: 26 Ammonia or derivative thereof: This subclass is indented under subclass 29. This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Process in which the organic material contains Process in which the alkaline material or salt a nonmetallic element from GP. VII. comprises NH3 or a derivative thereof e.g., amine, amide, or quaternary ammonium salt. 33 Oxygen containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 29. 27 Using acid: Process in which the organic material contains This subclass is indented under subclass 22. element number 8. Process in which a proton donor is utilized.

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 38 Treating with free oxygen containing gas: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 34. 28, for a process utilizing an organic acid Process in which the gas includes uncombined which may contain oxygen. element number 8.

34 Gas or vapor treating: 39 And forming useful by-product: This subclass is indented under subclass 20. This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Process in which the treating material is a Process in which a second material or energy readily diffusive fluid, tending to expand indef- of value, apart from the catalyst or sorbent initely and with molecules in free movement. composition is obtained.

(1) Note. This subclass provides for the use (1) Note. The by-product forming does not of normally liquid material which include recovering or separating of a becomes gaseous under the prevailing reaction product or a sorbed component conditions (e.g., temperature above its resulting from the process in which the boiling point). composition of this class became spent. See (2) Note of subclass 20. The by- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- product includes e.g., collected carbon CLASS: oxide gas from combustion of carbon- 30, for the use of a gas in conjunction aceous material fouling a catalyst or heat with an organic liquid to regenerate a of oxidation used to provide a source of catalyst or sorbent. power. The use of heat generated in a process of rehabilitation to preheat the 35 Using halogen containing substance includ- treating agent, sorbent, or catalyst is not ing liquids vaporizable upon contacting considered to be forming a by-product. spent catalyst or sorbent: This subclass is indented under subclass 34. 40 And adding heat by admixing solid heat car- Process in which the treating material includes rier: a nonmetallic element of GP. VII, free or in a This subclass is indented under subclass 38. compound, in gaseous form or as a liquid Process in which a transfer of heat is effected vaporizable upon contacting the spent material by intimately contacting the spent material and/ being regenerated. or treating gas with extraneous material having a higher temperature. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, (1) Note. Extraneous solid material includes for a catalytic or sorbent process of recycled regenerated material which that class which may include regener- may be mixed with incoming spent ation of the catalyst or sorbent and see material to cool such regenerated mate- especially subclass 140. rial and preheat the spent material.

36 Fluorine containing: 41 In gaseous suspension, (e.g., fluidized bed, This subclass is indented under subclass 35. etc.): Process in which the halogen is element num- This subclass is indented under subclass 38. ber 9. Process wherein particles of material are con- tacted by a column of gas rising at a velocity 37 Simultaneously or subsequently adding free which supports them in a state of turbulence. oxygen or use of oxyhalogen compound: This subclass is indented under subclass 35. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Process in which uncombined element number 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 8 is introduced with or after the halogen mate- Dig. 16 for a collection of fluidization rial, or a halogen compound including element techniques. number 8 is a treating agent.

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42 And substantially complete oxidation of car- 45 Moving bed (e.g., vertically or horizontally, bon monoxide to carbon dioxide within etc., moving bulk material): regeneration zone: This subclass is indented under subclass 38. This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Process in which the spent material is con- Process in which is recited a positive step or tacted by the gas while progressing or being condition serving to ensure that any carbon carried as a relatively compact mass. monoxide produced is further reacted to form carbon dioxide before leaving the site of the (1) Note. The moving bed may be supported regeneration process. on a belt or be a continuous flow of material through a zone and includes a (1) Note. A process which is claimed to rising column of material supported by meet legally acceptable emission stan- sequentially added catalyst or sorbent. dards for carbon monoxide is classifiable Additionally rotary motion is included, here. as in a rotary kiln or screw conveyor.

43 Plural distinct serial combustion stages: (2) Note. Disclosures for this subclass will This subclass is indented under subclass 41. either be silent as to relative movement Process including two or more sequential steps of gas and spent material or indicate all of energetic oxidation. such relative movement to be equivalent. Specified relative movement between (1) Note. The serial combustion stages may gas and material is provided for in an occur in the same or different reaction indented subclass. zones by, in the first case, utilizing dis- tinctly differing combustion conditions 46 Generally concurrent flow of oxygen con- or, in the second case, causing a continu- taining gas and material: ous flow of material through different This subclass is indented under subclass 45. reaction zones. Process in which the treating fluid and the cata- lyst or sorbent move along the same path and 44 Indirectly heating or cooling spent material in the same direction. within regeneration zone or prior to entry into regeneration zone: 47 Generally countercurrent flow of oxygen This subclass is indented under subclass 41. containing gas and material: Process employing a heat exchanger to change This subclass is indented under subclass 45. the temperature of the sorbent or catalyst Process in which the treating fluid and the cata- before or during contact with the treating gas. lyst or sorbent are fed in opposite directions.

(1) Note. Heating of the treating gas, autog- 48 Generally transverse (i.e., lateral) flow of enous heating and directly contacting the oxygen containing gas relative to material: material with a heating or cooling This subclass is indented under subclass 45. medium do not satisfy the requirement Process in which the treating fluid travel is nor- of indirectly heating the spent material. mal (at a right angle) to the direction of catalyst or sorbent feed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. The gas may contact the material 40, for a similar process in which heat is from above, below or a side. added by use of an admixed solid heat carrier. 49 Plural distinct oxidation stages: This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Process including a second treatment of the spent material with an oxidizing agent differing in either location or reaction condition.

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(1) Note. Recitation of two or more stages 55 Steam: differing in temperature, pressure, or This subclass is indented under subclass 34. oxygen content is considered to indicate Process in which the treating fluid consists plural distinct stages. essentially of vaporized water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: CLASS: 41+, for a similar plural stage oxidation 51, for a similar process using steam process using a fluidized bed. added to air or other free oxygen con- 50, for a second reactive gas treatment taining gas. other than oxidation (e.g., reduction, replacement etc.). 56 By heat: This subclass is indented under subclass 20. 50 Reactive gas treating after oxidation: Process in which regeneration or rehabilitation This subclass is indented under subclass 38. is effected by an increase in temperature. Process in which, subsequent to the gaseous oxidation, the spent material is subjected to (1) Note. The processes of this subclass may reaction with a nonoxidizing gas. include the use of a solid treating agent, but the use of a liquid or gas treating 51 Oxidation gas comprises essentially steam agent is provided for in subclasses and oxygen: higher in the schedule. This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Process in which water vapor is intentionally SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- added to the free oxygen containing gas. CLASS: 22+, for a liquid treating process which 52 With control of oxygen content in oxidation may include heating. gas: This subclass is indented under subclass 38. 60 ZEOLITE OR CLAY, INCLUDING GAL- Process in which the concentration of oxygen LIUM ANALOGS: is maintained at or adjusted to a predetermined This subclass is indented under the class defini- parameter. tion. Composition which contains a naturally occurring earthy aluminum silicate having the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- characteristics set out in the glossary term CLASS: “clay” or “zeolite” or a synthetic replica of the 6, for a process in which the oxygen is natural material, or similar materials which automatically controlled. contain gallium rather than aluminum. 42, for a fluidized process in which suffi- cient oxygen is maintained to ensure (1) Note. A synthetic zeolite, per se, is pro- elimination of carbon monoxide. vided for in Class 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, and subclass 700 53 Elemental hydrogen: definition explains the distinction This subclass is indented under subclass 34. between what is considered a zeolite Process in which the treating fluid includes free compound and a mixture. For placement element number one. in this class (502) a zeolite must be admixed with something or be claimed 54 Ammonia or derivative thereof: in terms of structure, sufficient to cause This subclass is indented under subclass 34. classification in Class 428 rather than in Process in which the treating fluid comprises Class 423. A simple ion exchange opera- the compound of nitrogen and three atoms of tion is considered to give a different zeo- hydrogen or its substituted or additive forms lite compound still proper for Class 423. including ammonium salts, amines and salts A subsequent reduction of an exchanged thereof, amides, and quaternary compounds. ion is considered to comprise a mixture, proper for a composition class. Because

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particular pore size and/or shape is an inherent property of a zeolite, recitation 64 Zeolite: of pore structure peculiar to catalysis or This subclass is indented under subclass 63. sorption, by itself, is not sufficient for Composition in which a component comprises placement in this class (502). This con- zeolite. trasts with classification of Raney-type catalysts and activated carbon sorbents. 65 And rare earth metal (Sc, Y or Lanthanide) containing: (2) Note. See section V, Glossary, of the This subclass is indented under subclass 64. class definition for this class (502) for Composition which includes scandium, definitions of clay and zeolite. yttrium, or a lanthanide.

(3) Note. A better understanding of zeolites 66 And Group VIII (Iron Group or Platinum may be had by consulting such literature Group) metal containing: as Zeolite Molecular Sieves, O. W. This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Breck, John Wiley and Sons, 1974. Composition containing an iron group or plati- num group metal. (4) Note. Some earthly silicon compounds that are not clay or zeolite include 67 Mixed zeolites: Asbestos, Diaspore, Diatomaceous, This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Diatomite, Feldspar, Guhr, Kieselguhr, Composition which the additional Al or Si is in Mica earth, Quartz, and Sand. the form of a second zeolite.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 68 Mixed with clay: 252, Compositions, subclass 179 and 184 This subclass is indented under subclass 64. for a zeolite composition used in ion- Composition , in which the additional Al or Si exchange. is in the form of clay.

61 Gallium containing: (1) Note. The zeolite may be synthesized This subclass is indented under subclass 60. from a clay which is positively recited as Composition which includes element 31. remaining in excess.

(1) Note. The gallium may be elemental or 69 Heterogeneous arrangement: in a compound and either in addition to This subclass is indented under subclass 64. the clay or zeolite or may replace some Composition in which components are claimed or all of the aluminum in clay or zeolite. as occupying spatially distinct areas.

62 Including organic component: (1) Note. Such terms as layered, coated par- This subclass is indented under subclass 60. ticles, discrete areas etc., are considered Composition which includes a carbon com- to describe a heterogeneous arrange- pound as set out in the glossary term “organic”. ment.

63 And additional Al or Si containing compo- 70 Gelling in presence of zeolite: nent: This subclass is indented under subclass 64. This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Process in which a lyophilic sol containing Composition including along with either a clay zeolite is partially coagulated or a product of or a zeolite, element 13 or 14 or a compound of such process. such element. 71 ZSM type: (1) Note. The additional Al or Si component This subclass is indented under subclass 64. may include a clay or zeolite of a differ- Composition in which the zeolite is synthetic, ent source but does not include a natu- analogous to a product originally produced by rally occurring clay of mixed Aluminum using an organic template. silicates.

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crystal axis to give a tubular configuration 72 Mixed clays: without intersections allowing access to the This subclass is indented under subclass 63. cavities in only one direction. Composition containing different earthy mate- rials as encompassed by the glossary term (1) Note. Mordenite generally has a silica to “clay” alumina ratio of about 8 to about 12.

(1) Note. This subclass requires a deliberate 79 Faujasite type (e.g., X or Y, etc.): admixture of clays and does not encom- This subclass is indented under subclass 60. pass a naturally occurring mixture of Composition in which a zeolite is characterized clays. by having a silica to alumina ratio of about 2.5 to about 7 and a very open framework, com- 73 And Group III or rare earth metal (Al, Ga, prising truncated octahedra (B cages) charac- In, Ti, Sc, Y) or Lanthanide containing: teristic of sodalite linked by hexagonal prisms This subclass is indented under subclass 60. forming super cages, and a pore size of approx- Composition including aluminum, gallium, imately 60 to 15° A. scandium, yttrium, indium, thallium or a lan- thanide. (1) Note. The type of zeolite is generally determined by X-ray diffraction and the 74 And Group VIII (Iron Group or Platinum patterns may be found in the literature Group) containing: cited in the notes to subclass 60. Faujas- This subclass is indented under subclass 60. ite type includes X, Y, Z 14 and H S. Composition including an iron group or a plati- num group metal. 80 Clay: This subclass is indented under subclass 60. 75 Including chemical reduction of exchanged Composition containing the earthy hydrous cation: aluminum silicate as set out in the Glossary This subclass is indented under subclass 60. term “clay”. Process in which a positive ion which has replaced an original ion gains electrons or SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: product of such process. 119, Animal Husbandry, particularly sub- class 173 for material used for absorb- (1) Note. The bulk of art in this subclass is ing moisture from an animal waste concerned with exchanging product, i.e., excrement or urine, and ions in zeolite and reducing the new ion having a clay component. to the free metal. 81 Acid treating: 76 Coprecipitation: This subclass is indented under subclass 80. This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Process in which the clay is contacted with an Process in which different solutes are simulta- acid or the product of such process. neously thrown out of solution. 82 Plural acid treatment: 77 ZSM type: This subclass is indented under subclass 81. This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Process in which the clay is treated with a sec- Composition containing a synthetic zeolite of ond acid or product of such process. the type originally produced using an organic template or a zeolite analogous thereto. (1) Note. The treatment may involve the use of the same acid more than once or dif- 78 Mordenite type: ferent acids either simultaneously or This subclass is indented under subclass 60. sequentially. Composition in which a zeolite comprises 4 or 5 membered rings of SiO4 and AlO4 tetahedra, so arranged that the crystal lattice comprises pores and channels running parallel along the

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sor for another catalyst, it is classified in 83 Sulfuric or hydrochloric acid: the first appearing subclass providing for This subclass is indented under subclass 81. any complete catalyst composition. In Process in which the treatment is effected by this regard, a composition comprising a either hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. Group VIII metal compound claimed or disclosed for use solely as a Ziegler cata- 84 And metal, metal oxide, or metal : lyst is classifiable in subclass 103, rather This subclass is indented under subclass 80. than in subclass 100. Composition in which the clay is associated with an element listed as one of the metals of (2) Note. Included hereunder as catalysts are Group I to VIII, lanthanides or actinides in the compositions employed to modify the table at the top of the class schedule, free or as course of a reaction so as to yield a dif- the oxide or hydroxide. ferent product than that which would be otherwise obtained, even though the 85 Activating treatment: modifying composition will not, per se, This subclass is indented under subclass 60. cause the reaction to take place. (c.f. pat. Process in which a zeolite is subjected to an no. 4,125,481 to a molecular weight reg- agent which prepares it for a sorbent or cata- ulating mixture of mercaptan and emul- lytic function. sifier).

(1) Note. The agent may be a chemical sub- (3) Note. This and indented subclasses stance or a physical treatment. include inventions directed to negative catalysts, and also known as inhibitors, 86 Utilizing ammonium ions: except preservatives (e.g., octane This subclass is indented under subclass 85. improvers of antioxidants etc.). Process in which a compound containing the dissociable moiety comprising nitrogen and SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- four hydrogen atoms contacts the Zeolite. CLASS: 520, for a collection of art directed to con- 87 Support per se: trolling production of various possible This subclass is indented under subclass 60. products. Composition in which a zeolite has no catalytic or sorbent property and is intended only to sup- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: port other material which has such property. 106, Composition: Coating or Plastic, sub- class 1.11 for a sensitizing composi- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tion for activating a substrate to be CLASS: subsequently electrolessly metal 439, for other materials within the purview plated and which may have a catalytic of Class 502 which serve as carriers or function. supports, per se. 252, Compositions, for a composition intended to preserve a material, e.g., 100 CATALYST OR PRECURSOR THERE- an anti-oxidant or for an octane FOR: improver composition which controls This subclass is indented under the class defini- the rate of combustion in an internal tion. Composition which is a catalyst* or combustion engine. which is claimed or disclosed to be useful 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, solely as an essential component of a catalyst appropriate subclasses for inorganic composition or method of making such a com- compounds, per se, which may be position. (* See glossary for definition.) useful as catalysts.

(1) Note. A precursor is classified with the complete disclosed catalyst composition. If a composition is disclosed or claimed as both a catalyst, per se, and as a precur-

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101 Making catalytic electrode, process only: (2) Note. The metal hydride or organometal- This subclass is indented under subclass 100. lic compound includes a metal of Groups Method or process for manufacturing an elec- I to IV and the other metal compound trode having catalytic properties, generally for includes a metal of groups IV to VIII, an use in an electrolytic or fuel cell. actinide or lanthanide as set out in the list preceding the schedule. (1) Note. This subclass does not provide for the catalytic composition, per se, and a 103 Component A metal is Group IA, IIA or copy of a patent containing a claim to a IIIA and component B metal is Group IVB catalytic electrode composition must be to VIIB or VIII (i.e., alkali metal, alkaline placed in the appropriate subclass, e.g., earth Metal, Be, Mg, Al, Ga, In or Tl and Ti, 300. Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, the iron Group or Platinum group) (e.g., Ziegler SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Catalyst, etc.): 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Energy subclass 280 for an electrode Composition wherein the metal hydride or the of that class which may be catalytic. organometallic compound contains Li, Na, K, 429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Produc- Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al, Ga, In, ing Apparatus, Product, and Process, or Tl bonded directly to hydrogen or carbon subclasses 523 through 534 for fuel atom of an organic compound combined with a cell electrodes and subclass 535 for compound of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, process of making a fuel cell or sub- Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, combination thereof including meth- and a process of making same. ods of making an electrode therefor. (1) Note. These catalyst are often referred to 102 Plural component system comprising A - in the art as “Ziegler” catalysts and are Group I to IV metal hydride or organome- commonly employed to ploymerize ole- tallic compound - and B - Group IV to VIII fins to form resins. metal, lanthanide or actinide compound - (i.e., alkali metal, Ag, Au, Cu, alkaline earth 104 Preparing catalyst or precursor: metal, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd, Hg, Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In, This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Tl, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn or Pb hydride or orga- Methods, claimed for preparing a catalyst or nometallic compound and Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, precursor, . Pb, V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb, Bi, Cr, Mo, W, Po, Mn, Tc, Re, Iron group, Platinum group, atomic (1) Note. To be originally classified hereun- number 57 to 71 inclusive or der, a patent must contain a claim to a 89 or higher compound): process of preparing a catalyst or precur- This subclass is indented under subclass 100. sor. Composition which contains (1) a metal hydride or a compound in which a carbon atom (2) Note. The method for preparing the pre- of an organic compound is bonded directly to a cursor is classifiable with the intended metal atom combined with (2) a compound of a complete catalyst, see definition of 100 Group IV to Group VIII metal or a metal of (1) Note. atomic number 57 to 71 inclusive or 89 to 103 inclusive or process of making same. 105 Including comminuting (e.g., milling, grind- ing, etc.): (1) Note. Compounds in which a metal is This subclass is indented under subclass 104. completed with the electrons of an Process which includes a step of mechanically organic carbon to carbon multiple bond breaking up a solid ingredient of the catalyst. are considered to have carbon bonded directly to metal e.g., Bi-allyl or cyclo- (1) Note. This process generally employs pentadienyl complexes etc. such apparatus as rod or ball mills, etc.

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106 Fluidized bed feature: 113 Containing two or more different compo- This subclass is indented under subclass 104. nent b metals: Process wherein either (a) a fluidized bed is This subclass is indented under subclass 103. employed in the manufacture of a catalyst or Composition which contains two or more dif- (b) a catalyst is made which is disclosed or ferent Group IVb to Group VIIb or Group VIII claimed as useful when employed in a fluidized metals which may be in different compounds bed process. or part of a single complex compound.

107 Including heating to higher temperature: 114 Containing hydrides or organometallic of This subclass is indented under subclass 104. two or more different component A metals: Process wherein after an initial mixing or react- This subclass is indented under subclass 103. ing of ingredients, the temperature of the sys- Composition which contains two or more dif- tem is increased by the application of outside ferent Group Ia to Group IIIa metals bonded heat, with or without the addition of additional directly to hydrogen or organic carbon. These materials. metals may be in different compounds or in the same complex compound e.g., LiAlH4 etc. 108 Utilizing hydrocarbon containing unsatura- tion not part of benzene ring: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 104. CLASS: Process wherein during the manufacture of the 110, for a process of adding different Com- catalyst a compound containing only carbon ponent A metals in separate steps to and hydrogen and which contains unsaturation make a catalyst. which is not part of a benzene ring is added. 115 Magnesium containing: 109 Utilizing high molecular weight synthetic This subclass is indented under subclass 114. polymer: Composition in which one of the Group Ia to This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Group IIIa metals bonded to hydrogen or Process wherein a high molecular weight syn- organic carbon is magnesium. thetic polymer made up of numerous smaller molecules is added to the catalyst system. 116 And compound containing silicon-hydrogen or silicon-carbon bond: 110 Including plural additions of component A: This subclass is indented under subclass 115. This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Composition which additionally contains a Process wherein two or more separate addi- compound in which silicon is bonded directly tions of a Group Ia to Group IIIa metal hydride to hydrogen or carbon. or organometallic compound are made at sepa- rate times. 117 Component B metal is other than titanium or vanadium: (1) Note. The Group Ia to Group IIIa com- This subclass is indented under subclass 103. pounds added at the separate additions Composition which does not contain either ele- may be the same or different substances. ment 22 or element 23 in the component B.

111 Utilizing water or compound containing 118 And a third component C (i.e., an additive hydroxyl bonded to carbon: other then a saturated hydrocarbon or an This subclass is indented under subclass 104. aromatic hydrocarbon free of aliphatic or Process including a step of adding a compound cycloaliphatic unsaturation): which contains a hydroxyl group bonded to This subclass is indented under subclass 103. carbon e.g., alcohol, phenol, carboxylic acid, Catalyst composition which contains an added etc. or water to the catalytic composition. substance not provided for specifically by sub- class 103 other than a saturated compound of 112 Containing iodine: carbon and hydrogen only, or other than a ben- This subclass is indented under subclass 103. zene ring containing compound containing no Composition containing an atom of iodine.

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other unsaturation and containing only carbon and hydrogen. 123 Nonmetallic organic nitrogen containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 118. (1) Note. Exemplary additives include ole- Composition in which nitrogen is combined fins, cycloalkenes, alkeneylaromatics, with a metal-free moiety including carbon dihdro naphthlene, substituted hydrocar- bonded to a second carbon, hydrogen, halogen bons and inorganic compounds etc. The or nitrogen by single or double bond. composition may include an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aromatic compound in 124 Including element in addition to carbon, addition to the unsaturated compound hydrogen, and nitrogen (e.g., nitro, etc.): but these latter do not alone qualify as This subclass is indented under subclass 123. additives for this subclass. Composition in which the nitrogen compound additionally includes an element other than 119 Nonmetallic inorganic halogen containing: hydrogen. Composition under 118 in which the additive is halogen, elemental or combined with a non- 125 Nonmetallic organic oxygen containing: metal other than carbon. This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition in which oxygen is combined SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- with a metal-free moiety including carbon CLASS: bonded to a second carbon, hydrogen, halogen 112, for an iodine containing Ziegler cata- or nitrogen by a single or double bond. lyst. 126 Ether: 120 Elemental oxygen or nonmetallic inorganic This subclass is indented under subclass 125. oxygen-containing material, other than Composition in which the oxygen is bonded to water: two noncarbonylic carbons. This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition in which the additive is oxygen, 127 Ester: elemental or combined with a nonmetal other This subclass is indented under subclass 125. than organic carbon and excluding water. Composition in which the oxygen is bonded to two carbon atoms, one of which is carbonylic. (1) Note. Organic has the same meaning as defined in Class 260 and does not 128 Nonmetallic organic halide: include carbonate, carbon monoxide or This subclass is indented under subclass 118. carbon dioxide which are provided for in Composition in which a nonmetallic Group VII this subclass. element is bonded to a metal free moiety including carbon. 121 Nonmetallic organic phosphorous contain- ing: 129 Metal compound other than that which This subclass is indented under subclass 118. could be produced in situ by reaction of a Composition in which phosphorous combined Group IA, IIA, or Group IIIA metal com- with a metal-free moiety including carbon- pound present with a titanium or vanadium bonded to a second carbon, hydrogen, halogen compound present: or nitrogen by a single or double bond. This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition wherein the additive is a metal 122 Nonmetallic organic sulfur containing: compound excluding any compound which This subclass is indented under subclass 118. could be made by reaction of a Group Ia to IIIa Composition in which sulfur is combined with metal compound present as required by sub- a metal-free moiety including carbon bonded to class 103 with a titanium or vanadium com- a second carbon, hydrogen, halogen or nitrogen pound present. by a single or double bond. (1) Note. It must be noted that in many instances when the basic catalyst ingre- dients required by subclass 103 are com-

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bined, some reaction takes place, generally, with reduction of the Group (1) Note. See “organic” in the glossary for a IVb to Group VIIb or Group VIII metal complete definition. compound to a lower valence state with elimination of hydride or organo groups (2) Note. To be classified in this or an from the Group Ia to IIIa metal com- indented subclass, a composition must pound and their replacement with the contain an organic compound as defined anionic group removed from the Group above or a method which produces a IVb or Group VIIb or Group VIII metal composition in which an organic com- compound. Thus, for example, TiCl4 + pound is present. A method of making a AlClE+2 TiCl3 + AlCl3 In this circum- catalyst in which an organic compound is employed, which organic compound is stance, the external addition of AlCl3 removed or destroyed later in the process would not be provided for hereunder, but leaving a composition with no organic the addition of AlBr or NaCl would be 3 constituent, or the composition with no classified hereunder, since these sub- organic constituent, or the composition stances could not possibly be made by so produced, is placed below in the the above reaction. appropriate subclass based on the mate- rial remaining. A cross-reference art col- 130 Lead compound: lection appears at the end of the schedule This subclass is indented under subclass 129. for a process of this type. Composition in which the metal has atomic number 82. (3) Note. The term “calcining” in a process or “calcined” in a product shall be inter- 131 Tin compound: preted as meaning that any organic sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 129. stances that were present are either Composition in which the metal has atomic removed or destroyed in the absence of number 50. any specific indication to the contrary.

132 Aluminum compound: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 129. CLASS: Composition in which the metal has atomic 506+, for a process of making an inorganic number 13. catalyst by a method which employs a fugitive organic substance, removed 133 Magnesium compound: or destroyed later in the process. This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Composition in which the metal has atomic 151 Method of making including comminuting number 12. of solid material (e.g., grinding, crushing, etc.): 134 Halogen containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 150. This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Process wherein solid starting material or prod- Composition in which the Mg compound uct is reduced in size by physical means. includes a nonmetal of Group VII. (1) Note. When a reaction or mixing process 150 Organic compound containing: involving a solid starting material or pro- This subclass is indented under subclass 100. ducing a solid product is carried out in a Composition which contains a compound con- device wherein the starting material or taining two atoms of carbon bonded together, product is impacted by solid media, e.g., an atom of carbon bonded to at least one atom ball or rod mill etc., it will be conclu- of hydrogen or halogen, or an atom of carbon sively presumed that comminution takes bonded to an atom of nitrogen by a single or place and the patent placed in this sub- double bond. class.

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152 Organic compound including carbon-metal 158 Compound with silicon-hydrogen bond or bond: organic compound with silicon-carbon This subclass is indented under subclass 150. bond: Composition containing an organic compound This subclass is indented under subclass 150. having a metal atom bonded to a carbon atom Composition containing element number 14 of the compound. chemically attached to element number one or to an atom of element number 6 in a compound (1) Note. Complexes of metal atoms with which meets the Glossary term organic. the pi-electrons of a carbon to carbon double bond, e.g., pi-allyl or cyclopeta- 159 Resin, natural or synthetic, polysaccharide dienyl complexes etc., are included or polypeptide: within the scope of this subclass. This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition containing macromolecules of 153 Diverse metals bonded to carbon: recurring units of carbohydrates, -amino acids, This subclass is indented under subclass 152. condensed interactive molecules or unsaturated Composition which contains either a single addition polymers or solid or semi-solid vis- organic compound containing two or more dif- cous secretions of plants. ferent metals bonded to carbon, or two or more organic compounds having different metals 160 Peroxygen compound containing: bonded to carbon. This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition in which a compound includes a 154 Including metal compound containing dif- linked pair of oxygen atoms. ferent metal than that bonded to carbon: This subclass is indented under subclass 153. 161 With metal carbonyl or carbon monoxide Composition including a second metal chemi- complex: cally bound to an element other than carbon This subclass is indented under subclass 150. (e.g., as in a salt, alcoholate, oxide, etc.). Composition including the partially oxidized carbon-monoxide or a metal compound includ- 155 Including phosphorus or sulfur or com- ing the C=O moiety. pound containing nitrogen or phosphorus or sulfur: 162 Organic phosphorus or nitrogen, except the This subclass is indented under subclass 152. ammonium ion: Composition including element 15 or 16, free This subclass is indented under subclass 150. or chemically bound or a compound containing Composition in which an organic compound element number 7. contains elements number 7 or 15 with the pro- viso that no more than three of the valences of 156 Including alcohol, phenol, or ether: element 7 are occupied by hydrogen. This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Composition including a constituent which has (1) Note. Quaternary ammonium com- oxygen bonded to a non carbonylic carbon, the pounds are provided herein, see subclass other valence being occupied by hydrogen or a 164, but the ammonium ion (NH4)+ is similar carbon or which has been produced by excluded. use of such oxygen containing compound. 163 Phthalocyanine: 157 Alkali metal bonded to carbon: This subclass is indented under subclass 162. This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Composition including the porphine formed by Composition in which the metal is alkali. isoindole.

164 Quaternary ammonium or phosphonium: This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Composition in which the nitrogen or phospho- rus has four valence satisfied by organic moi- eties.

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165 Copper containing: 172 Alcohol, phenol, ether, aldehyde or ketone: This subclass is indented under subclass 162. This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition which includes element number Composition in which an organic compound 29. has oxygen singly bonded to a carbon and hydrogen or a second carbon or doubly bonded 166 Rhodium containing: to a carbon. This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Composition which includes element number 173 Elemental metal in organic dispersing 45. medium: This subclass is indented under subclass 150. 167 Organic nitrogen containing: Composition in which a metal, as set out at the This subclass is indented under subclass 162. top of the schedule, in the free state is distrib- Composition in which an organic compound, uted throughout the organic material. as set out in the Glossary, includes element number 7. 174 Inorganic carbon containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 100. 168 Organic sulfur compound: Composition which contains element 6, in the This subclass is indented under subclass 150. free state or combined with elements such that Compound in which an organic compound, as the compound does not meet the definition of set out in the Glossary includes element num- organic in the Glossary. ber 16. 175 Cyanide: 169 With metal halide: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition in which the carbon is bound to Composition including a compound compris- nitrogen by a triple bond. ing a metal and halogen, each as set out in the table at the beginning of the schedule. 176 Hydroxycarbonate: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. 170 With metal carboxylate or metal compound Composition in which a compound includes and carboxylic acid or anhydride: both a hydroxyl and a carbonate ion e.g., CO3- This subclass is indented under subclass 150. M-OH. Composition in which a compound contains the RCOOX group where R is a radical or an (1) Note. These compounds are sometimes organic compound, X is a metal, hydrogen or referred to as basic carbonates. acyl group of an acid and in which there is a metal compound when X is not a metal. 177 Carbide: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. 171 Organic compound contains metal (e.g., Na- Composition including binary compound of O-Ethyl, etc.): carbon and a metal or metalloid. This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition in which an organic compound 178 Silicon carbide: contains metal as set out in the list at the top of This subclass is indented under subclass 177. the schedule. Composition in which the carbide is of element number 14. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 179 Group Va (N, P, As, Sb, Bi) containing: 152+, for a composition including a carbon- This subclass is indented under subclass 178. metal bond. Composition including one of elements num- 161, for a metal carbonyl containing com- ber 7, 15, 33, 51, or 83. position. 170, for a composition containing a metal carboxylate.

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180 Elemental carbon: 200 Nitrogen compound containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition in which the carbon is in the free Composition containing chemically combined state. element number 7.

(1) Note. Bone black, generally considered 201 Nitrate: to be a form of carbon, includes approxi- This subclass is indented under subclass 200. mately 80% calcium phosphate. Composition in which the nitrogen is part of a radical comprising three oxygen atoms. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 202 Boron or compound containing same: 416+, for a free carbon containing sorbent This subclass is indented under subclass 100. composition. Composition which contains element number 5. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 203 Boron halide: for a process of producing carbon by This subclass is indented under subclass 202. destructive distillation. Composition in which the boron is chemically 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, united to a halogen as set out in the list at the subclass 445 for elemental carbon, per beginning of the schedule. se, and processes of producing car- bon. 204 And Group VI metal containing (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po): 181 And halogen containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 202. This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Composition in which there is a Group VI Composition which includes a halogen as set metal free or chemically combined. out in the list at the beginning of the schedule. 205 And bismuth containing: 182 And metal, metal oxide, or metal hydroxide: This subclass is indented under subclass 204. This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Composition which also includes element Composition which includes a metal as set out number 83. in the list at the beginning of the schedule, free or combined with oxygen or with hydrogen and (1) Note. The Bismuth may be combined oxygen. with either or both the boron or group VI metal. 183 Of Group II (i.e., alkaline Earth, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd or Hg): 206 Molybdenum containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 182. This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Composition in which the metal is an alkaline Composition in Which the group VI metal is earth, Beryllium, Magnesium, Zinc, Cadmium element number 42. or Mercury. 207 And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron 184 Of Group I (i.e., alkali, Ag, Au or Cu): or platinum group): This subclass is indented under subclass 182. This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Composition in which the metal is an alkali, Composition in which there is an iron or plati- copper, gold or silver. num group metal.

185 Of Group VIII (i.e., iron or platinum 208 Phosphorous or compound containing same: group): This subclass is indented under subclass 100. This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Composition including element number 15. Composition in which the metal is from the iron or platinum group.

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209 And vanadium containing: 219 And Group VI metal containing (i.e., Cr, This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Mo, W or Po): Composition additionally including element This subclass is indented under subclass 216. number 23, free or chemically combined. Composition including a group VI metal as listed at the beginning of the schedule, free or 210 And Group VI metal (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po): chemically combined. This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Composition additionally including a group VI 220 Molybdenum containing: metal as set out in the list at the beginning of This subclass is indented under subclass 219. the schedule. Composition in which the metal is element number 42. 211 Molybdenum: This subclass is indented under subclass 210. 221 And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., or Composition in which the metal is element iron or platinum group): number 42. This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Composition additionally including an iron 212 And bismuth containing: group or platinum group metal, free or chemi- This subclass is indented under subclass 211. cally combined. Composition which also includes element number 83, free or chemically combined. 222 And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron or platinum group): 213 And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron This subclass is indented under subclass 216. or platinum group): Composition additionally including an iron This subclass is indented under subclass 208. group or platinum group metal, free or chemi- Composition additionally including an iron or cally combined. platinum group metal. 223 Platinum group (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt): 214 And silicon containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 222. This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Composition in which the metal is element Composition which includes element number number 44, 45, 46, 76, 77, or 78. 14, free or combined. 224 Halogen or compound containing same: 215 Selenium or tellurium or compound con- This subclass is indented under subclass 100. taining same: Composition including a halogen as listed at This subclass is indented under subclass 100. the beginning of the schedule, free or chemi- Composition including either element 34 or 52, cally combined. free or chemically combined. 225 Copper halide: 216 Sulfur or compound containing same: This subclass is indented under subclass 224. This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition in which the halogen is combined Composition including element 16, either free with element number 29. or chemically combined. 226 And Group II metal (i.e., alkaline earth, Be, 217 Sulfate: Mg, Zn, Cd or Hg): This subclass is indented under subclass 216. This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Composition in which the sulfur is combined Composition including a metal of group II as with four oxygen atoms to form a divalent ion. listed at the beginning of the schedule, free or chemically combined. 218 And Group I metal containing (i.e., alkali, Ag, Au or Cu): This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Composition including a alkali metal, copper, gold or silver, free or chemically combined.

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magnesium silicate is classified as SiO2 227 Any Group IV metal (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn and MgO and will be found in subclass or Pb): 251. This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Composition including a metal of group IV as SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- listed in the beginning of the schedule, free or CLASS: chemically combined. 60+, for a composition including a clay of zeolite. 228 And Group VI metal (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po): This subclass is indented under subclass 224. 233 Forming silica gel: Composition including a metal of Group VI as This subclass is indented under subclass 232. listed at the beginning of the schedule, free or Process in which an amorphous form of chemically combined. hydrate silica is produced; generally by precip- itation or coagulation of a silica sol or decom- 229 And Group VIII metal (i.e., iron or platinum position of a silicate. group): This subclass is indented under subclass 24. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Composition containing a metal of the iron CLASS: group or the platinum group, free or chemically 8+, for a process of making or treating a combined. sphere which may include formation of a silica gel. 230 Platinum group (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir or 400+, especially 407+ for a sorbent compo- Pt): sition in which silica gel is a constitu- This subclass is indented under subclass 229. ent. Composition in which the metal is element number 44, 45, 46, 76, 77, or 78. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 231 And Group III metal (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In subclass 335 for silica gel, per se, in or Te): the dried state. This subclass is indented under subclass 224. 516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Composition including a metal of Group III as Subcombinations Thereof; Processes listed at the beginning of the schedule, free or of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or chemically combined. Inhibiting, subclass 34 for colloid sys- tems of colloid-sized silica dispersed (1) Note. Metal silicates are classified as a in primarily organic continuous liq- mixture of silicon dioxide and a metal uid phase (organosilica sols), sub- oxide. Illustration: magnesium silicate is classes 79+ for colloid systems of classified as SiO2 and MgO and will be colloid-sized silica dispersed in aque- found in subclass 251. ous continuous liquid phase (aquasil- ica sols), subclass 111 for colloid SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- systems of continuous or semicontin- CLASS: uous solid phase with discontinuous 60+, for a composition including a clay or liquid phase (silica gel); or agents for zeolite. such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents; in each 232 Silicon containing or processing of making: instance, when generically claimed or This subclass is indented under subclass 100. when there is no hierarchically supe- Composition containing element number 14 rior provision in the USPC for the free or chemically combined. specifically claimed art.

(1) Note. Metal silicates are classified as a mixture of silicon dioxide and a metal oxide. Illustration: a composition with

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234 Coprecipitating: 239 Of Group IV metal (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn or This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Pb): Process which includes the simultaneous pre- This subclass is indented under subclass 237. cipitation of another material with the precipi- Process including a Group IV metal, metal tation of the silica gel. oxide or hydroxide.

235 Group III or rare earth metal, metal oxide, 240 With metal, metal oxide, or metal hydrox- or metal hydroxide containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, ide: Ga, In, Tl or lanthanide): This subclass is indented under subclass 232. This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Composition including a metal, metal oxide or Process which includes the precipitation of a hydroxide. Group III or Rare Earth Metal, Metal Oxide or Hydroxide simultaneously with the precipita- (1) Note. This and indented subclasses tion of the silica gel. include compositions comprising syn- thetically produced silicates and pro- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- cesses of making such compositions CLASS: except those processes involving the for- 263, for a catalyst which is a mixture of sil- mation of silica gel, for which, see sub- ica gel and a group III metal, oxide or classes 233+. hydroxide. 241 Of Group VII (i.e., Mn, Tc, or Re): 236 Group IV metal, metal oxide, or metal This subclass is indented under subclass 240. hydroxide (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, Pb): Composition including a group VII metal, This subclass is indented under subclass 234. metal oxide or Hydroxide. Process which includes the precipitation of a Group IV metal, metal oxide or hydroxide 242 Of Group IV (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn or Pb): simultaneously with precipitation of the silica This subclass is indented under subclass 240. gel. Composition including a group IV metal, metal oxide or hydroxide. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 242, for a catalyst which is a mixture of sil- CLASS: ica gel and a group IV metal, metal 236, for a mixtures of silica gel and a group oxide or hydroxide. IV metal oxide produced by coprecip- itation process. 237 Metal, metal oxide, or metal hydroxide con- 239, for mixtures of silica gel and a group taining: IV metal, metal oxide or hydroxide This subclass is indented under subclass 233. added after formation of the silica gel. Process wherein the precipitation is effected in the presence of a metal, metal oxide or hydrox- 243 Of Group I (i.e., Alkali, Ag, Au or Cu): ide or the metal or metal compound is added This subclass is indented under subclass 240. subsequently to the precipitation. Composition including a group I metal, metal oxide or hydroxide. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 244 Of copper: 240, for a particular metal, metal oxide or This subclass is indented under subclass 243. hydroxide with silica, per se. Composition which contains copper, copper oxide or hydroxide. 238 Of Group III metal (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or Tl): This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Process including a Group III or rare earth metal, metal oxide or hydroxide.

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245 And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron 255 Molybdenum: or platinum group): This subclass is indented under subclass 254. This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Composition which contains molybdenum, Composition which also includes a group VIII molybdenum oxide or hydroxide. metal, metal oxide or hydroxide. 256 Chromium: 246 Of Group V (i.e., V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb or Bi): This subclass is indented under subclass 254. This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Composition which contains chromium, chro- Composition including a group V metal, metal mium oxide or hydroxide. oxide or hydroxide. 257 And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron 247 Of vanadium: or platinum group): This subclass is indented under subclass 246. This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Composition which contains vanadium, vana- Composition which also includes a group VIII dium oxide or hydroxide. metal, metal oxide or hydroxide.

248 And Group VI metal (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po): 258 Of Group VIII (i.e., iron or platinum This subclass is indented under subclass 247. group): Composition which also includes a group VI This subclass is indented under subclass 240. metal, metal oxide or Hydroxide. Composition including a group VIII metal, metal oxide or hydroxide. 249 Of antimony or bismuth: This subclass is indented under subclass 246. 259 Nickel: Composition in which the metal or compound This subclass is indented under subclass 258. thereof is antimony or bismuth. Composition in which the metal or metal com- pound comprises nickel. 250 Of Group II (i.e., alkaline earth, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd or Hg): 260 Cobalt: This subclass is indented under subclass 240. This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Composition including a group II metal, metal Composition in which the metal or metal com- oxide or hydroxide. pound comprises cobalt.

251 Magnesium: 261 Platinum Group (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir or This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Pt): Composition which contains magnesium, mag- This subclass is indented under subclass 258. nesium oxide or hydroxide. Composition which contains a platinum group metal, metal oxide or hydroxide. 252 And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron or platinum group): 262 Platinum or palladium: This subclass is indented under subclass 251. This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Composition which also includes a group VIII Composition in which the free metal or com- metal, metal oxide or hydroxide. pound comprises element 46 or 78.

253 Of zinc, cadmium, or mercury: 263 Of Group III or lanthanide group (i.e., Sc, Y, This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Al, Ga, In, Te, or atomic number 57 to 71 Composition which contains zinc, cadmium or inclusive): mercury or the oxide or hydroxide thereof. This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Composition including a group III or lan- 254 Of Group VI (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po): thanide metal, free or combined with oxygen or This subclass is indented under subclass 240. hydrogen and oxygen. Composition including a group VI metal, metal oxide or hydroxide.

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plated and which may have a catalytic SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- function. CLASS: 420, Alloys or Metallic Composition, for 235, mixture of silica gel and group III or an alloy of general utility. rare earth metal oxide produced by 429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Produc- coprecipitation process. ing Apparatus, Product, and Process, subclasses 484 through 489 and 523- 300 Metal, metal oxide or metal hydroxide: 534 for fuel cell electrode structure or This subclass is indented under subclass 100. composition. Composition which contains a metal* either as the free element or combined with oxygen or 301 Raney type: with hydrogen and oxygen. This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition prepared by removing a metal (1) Note. A metal metallate is considered to from an alloy, leaving the remaining metal be a mixture of a metal oxide with a behind as the catalyst. metal or other metal oxide. For example, a composition comprising nickel chro- (1) Note. The remaining catalytic metal is mate is considered to include nickel generally in a highly active porous or oxide and chromium oxide. finely divided state.

(2) Note. This and indented subclasses do (2) Note. The metal may be removed by any not provide for a metal hydride, per se, method, e.g., dissolving out by chemical unless mixed with a metal, or oxide or means or by volatilization, etc. hydroxide thereof. (3) Note. If a metal catalyst is named a (3) Note. See Glossary under metal for syn- “Raney” catalyst, it will be presumed to onyms or archaic terms for elements pro- be proper for this subclass unless it is vided in this or an indented subclass. positively disclosed to be made by a method not within the scope of the defi- (4) Note. This subclass is residual for a cata- nition of this subclass. lyst composition comprising an actinic or group VII (other than manganese) 302 Of lanthanide series (i.e., atomic number 57 metal, oxide or hydroxide not containing to 71 inclusive): a metal provided for in an indent. This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition in which the metal is selected SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- from those with atomic numbers 57 to 71 (La, CLASS: Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, 100+, for a catalyst comprising a metal Tm, Yb, Lu). hydride and 102+ for a metal hydride in combination with a compound of a (1) Note. The metals Lanthanum and Actin- metal from Group IV to Group VIII, a ium are not included in Group III for lanathanide or an actinide. purposes of this class (502) but are con- sidered with the lanthanides and SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: actinides respectively. 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Con- 303 Lanthanum: solidated Metal Powder Composi- This subclass is indented under subclass 302. tions, and Loose Metal Particulate Composition in which the lanthanide is the first Mixtures, for ferrous alloy of struc- of the series - element number 57. tural or general utility. 106, Composition: Coating or Plastic, sub- 304 Cerium: class 1.11 for a sensitizing composi- This subclass is indented under subclass 302. tion for activating a substrate to be Composition in which the lanthanide is the sec- subsequently electrolessly metal ond of the series - element number 58.

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305 Of Group VI (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po): 314 Iron group metal and Group III metal con- This subclass is indented under subclass 300. taining (i.e., Fe, Co or Ni and Sc, Y, Al, Ga, Composition in which the metal is one of Cr, In or Tl): Mo, W, or Po. This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Composition in which the Group VIII metal is 306 And Group II metal containing (i.e., alkaline Fe, Co, or Ni and additionally includes one of earth, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd or Hg): Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or Tl. This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Composition which additionally includes an 315 Nickel containing: , Be, Mg, Zn, Cd, or Hg. This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Composition in which the Group VIII metal is 307 Zinc: element number 28. This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Composition in which the additional metal is 316 Iron containing: element number 30. This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Composition in which the Group VIII metal is 308 And Group IV metal containing (i.e., Ti, Zr, element number 26. Hf, Ge, Sn or Pb): This subclass is indented under subclass 305. 317 And Group I containing (i.e., alkali, Ag, Au Composition which additionally includes one or Cu): of Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, or Pb. This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Composition which additionally includes an 309 Titanium containing: alkali metal, Cu, Ag, or Au. This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Composition in which the additional metal is 318 Copper containing: element number 22. This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Composition in which the Group I metal is ele- 310 Tin containing: ment number 29. This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Composition in which the additional element is 319 Of chromium: element number 50. This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Composition in which the Group VI metal is 311 And Group V metal containing (i.e., V, Nb, element number 24. Ta, As, Sb or Bi): This subclass is indented under subclass 305. 320 And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Composition which additionally includes one Al, Ga, In or Tl): of V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb, or Bi. This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Composition which additionally includes Sc, 312 Vanadium containing: Y, Al, Ga, In, or Tl. This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Composition in which the additional metal is 321 Of molybdenum: element number 23. This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Composition in which the Group VI metal is 313 And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron element number 42. or platinum group): This subclass is indented under subclass 305. 322 And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Composition which additionally contains an Al, Ga, In or Tl): iron group or a platinum group metal. This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Composition which additionally includes Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or Tl.

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323 And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, 330 And Group I metal containing (i.e., alkali, Al, Ga, In or Tl): Ag, Au or Cu): This subclass is indented under subclass 305. This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Composition which additionally includes Sc, Composition additionally including a metal of Y, Al, Ga, In, or Tl. Group I as listed at the beginning of the sched- ule, free or as the oxide or hydroxide. 324 Of manganese: This subclass is indented under subclass 300. 331 Copper containing: Composition in which the metal, oxide or This subclass is indented under subclass 330. hydroxide is element number 25. Composition in which the metal is element number 29. 325 Of Group VIII (i.e., iron or platinum group): 332 And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Al, Ga, In or Tl): Composition in which the metal, oxide or This subclass is indented under subclass 325. hydroxide is of the iron group or of the plati- Composition additionally containing a metal of num group. Group III as listed at the beginning of the schedule, free or as the oxide or hydroxide. 326 Of platinum group metal and of iron group (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, or Pt and Fe, Co or 333 Of palladium: Ni): This subclass is indented under subclass 332. This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Composition in which the additional metal is Composition in which there is at least one element number 46. metal, oxide, or hydroxide from each of the iron group and the platinum group. 334 Of platinum: This subclass is indented under subclass 332. (1) Note. To be classifiable here, a patent Composition in which the additional metal is must claim for example iron oxide and element number 78. platinum; a mixture of iron and nickel or a mixture of rhodium and palladium are 335 Of nickel: not proper for this subclass. This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Composition in which the additional metal is 327 And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, element number 28. Al, Ga, In or Te): This subclass is indented under subclass 326. 336 Of iron: Composition which additionally includes Sc, This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Y, Al, Ga, In, or Tl. Composition in which the additional metal is element number 26. 328 And Group II metal containing (i.e., alkaline earth, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd or Hg): 337 Of nickel: This subclass is indented under subclass 325. This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Composition which additionally includes an Composition in which the additional metal is alkaline earth metal Be, Mg, Zn, Cd, or Hg. element number 28.

329 Zinc containing: 338 Of iron: This subclass is indented under subclass 328. This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Composition in which the additional metal is Composition in which the additional metal is element number 30. element number 26.

339 Of palladium or platinum: This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Composition in which the additional metal is element number 46 or 78.

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340 Of Group II (i.e., alkaline earth, Be, Mg, Zn, 349 Of Group IV (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, or Pb): Cd or Hg): This subclass is indented under subclass 300. This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition including a metal of Group IV as Composition in which the additional metal is listed at the beginning of the schedule. from Group II as listed at the beginning of the schedule. 350 Of titanium: This subclass is indented under subclass 349. 341 And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Composition in which the metal is element Al, Ga, In or Tl): number 22. This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Composition in which there is also a metal 351 And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, from Group III as listed at the beginning of the Al, Ga, In or Tl): schedule. This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Composition additionally including a metal of 342 Of zinc: Group III as listed at the beginning of the This subclass is indented under subclass 341. schedule. Composition in which the additional metal is element number 30. 352 Of tin: This subclass is indented under subclass 349. 343 Of zinc: Composition in which the additional metal is This subclass is indented under subclass 340. element number 50. Composition in which the additional metal is element number 30. 353 Of Group V (i.e., V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb or Bi): This subclass is indented under subclass 300. 344 Of Group I (i.e., alkali, Ag, Au or Cu): Composition in which the metal is from Group This subclass is indented under subclass 300. V as listed at the beginning of the schedule. Composition containing a metal of Group I as listed in the beginning of the schedule. 354 And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In, or Tl): 345 Of copper: This subclass is indented under subclass 353. This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Composition additionally including a metal of Composition in which the additional metal is Group III as listed at the beginning of the element number 29. schedule.

346 And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, 355 Of Group III (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or Ti): Al, Ga, In or Tl): This subclass is indented under subclass 300. This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Composition in which the metal is from Group Composition additionally containing a metal or III as listed at the beginning of the schedule. compound thereof from Group III as listed at the beginning of the schedule. 400 SOLID SORBENT: This subclass is indented under the class defini- 347 Of silver: tion. Composition in nonfluent phase which This subclass is indented under subclass 34. serves to attract and hold on its surface, within Composition in which the additional metal is its pores, or throughout its mass a material element number 47. which is generally fluent.

348 And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, (1) Note. The material is reversibly held and Al, Ga, In or Tl): does not react with the sorbent. This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Composition additionally containing a metal SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: from Group III as listed at the beginning of the 119, Animal Husbandry, particularly sub- schedule. classes 171+ for material used for absorbing moisture from an animal

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waste product, i.e., excrement or urine. (1) Note. A true gel is considered a compo- sition, but a completely dried gel is no 401 Organic: more than a compound and classifiable This subclass is indented under subclass 400. in Class 423. Composition in which a constituent is a com- pound in which an atom of carbon is bonded to SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: hydrogen, a halogen, a second atom of carbon 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, or to nitrogen by a single or double bond as set appropriate subclass for a completely out in the Glossary term “organic”. dried inorganic gel. 516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; 402 Synthetic resin: Subcombinations Thereof; Processes This subclass is indented under subclass 401. of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Composition in which the organic material is Inhibiting, subclasses 98+ for colloid polymeric, derived by the addition across eth- systems of continuous or semicontin- ylenic unsaturation or the condensation of reac- uous solid phase with discontinuous tive components, or a polymer which could be liquid phase (gels, pastes, flocs, coag- made by such addition or condensation reac- ulates) or agents for such systems or tion. making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when generically claimed or (1) Note. These compositions include essen- when there is no hierarchically supe- tially material which, per se, is classifi- rior provision in the USPC for the able in the Class 520 series of classes. specifically claimed art.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 406 Having specifically intended extraneously 520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, added iron group (i.e., Fe, Co, Ni) compo- for a material, per se, of that class nent: which is cellular form could inher- This subclass is indented under subclass 400. ently be sorbent. Composition in which the free metal or a com- pound of element number 26, 27 or 28 is delib- 403 Protein: erately included and not incidentally present as This subclass is indented under subclass 401. an impurity or part of another ingredient. Composition in which the organic material comprises a chain of acylyated alpha-amino 407 Silicon containing: acids. This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Composition in which there is element number 404 Carbohydrate: 14, free or chemically combined. This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Composition in which the organic material is a SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- poly hydroxy mono-aldehyde or mono-ketone CLASS: generally of the empirical formula Cn (H2O)m 60+, for a clay or zeolite composition. or a polymeric anhydride hydrolyzable to such 405, for a silica gel sorbent. aldehyde or ketone and wherein n is at least 5. 408 Acid treated: 405 Inorganic gel containing (e.g., silicagel): This subclass is indented under subclass 407. This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Composition in which the silicon material is Composition in which an inorganic material, contacted with a proton donor. usually a metal or silicon oxide in relatively minor amount is distributed in suspension in 409 Quartz: water, appearing to be solid while the water This subclass is indented under subclass 407. constitutes as much as 95 to 99% of the mix- Composition containing crystalline silicon ture. dioxide.

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410 Magnesium silicate (e.g., asbestos, vermicu- (1) Note. While relatively pure carbon is lite, etc.): provided for in Class 423, subclass 445, This subclass is indented under subclass 407. the term “activated” will be construed as Composition in which the silicon is chemically indicating a composition comprising car- combined with magnesium and oxygen. bon and unidentified components, func- tioning as a sorbent for this class. (1) Note. The silicate may include an other element e.g., Magnesium Aluminum sili- (2) Note. Charred, coked, pyrolyzed, or cate. incompletely combusted organic mate- rial, which may retain some chemically 411 Having extraneously added alkali metal or bound carbon will be considered as alkaline earth metal: being in substantially elemental form for This subclass is indented under subclass 407. this subclass. Composition to which an alkali or alkaline earth metal as listed in the schedule has been SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: added. 516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or CLASS: Inhibiting, subclass 32 for colloid sys- 410, for a magnesium silicate sorbent com- tems of colloid-sized carbon (e.g., position. diamond, graphite) dispersed in pri- marily organic continuous liquid 412 Diatomaceous earth: phase, subclasses 38+ for colloid sys- This subclass is indented under subclass 407. tems of colloid-sized bituminous, Composition wherein the silicon containing coal, or Carbon phase dispersed in material is a diatomaceous earth. aqueous continuous liquid phase, cross-reference 901 for colloid sys- 413 Free carbon containing: tems of substantially pure elemental This subclass is indented under subclass 407. carbon (graphite, lamp black, carbon Composition additionally, containing carbon in black, fullerenes); or agents for such elemental form. systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents; in each instance, 414 Aluminum containing: when generically claimed or when This subclass is indented under subclass 400. there is no hierarchically superior pro- Composition including element number 13, vision in the USPC for the specifically free or chemically combined. claimed art.

415 Alumina (i.e., dialuminum trioxide): 417 And specified added active sorbent mate- This subclass is indented under subclass 414. rial: Composition containing the compound dialu- This subclass is indented under subclass 416. minum trioxide. Composition to which a material, not found in the original source or carbon, has been added SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- to enhance sorbability by its presence. CLASS: 405, for an alumina gel sorbent composi- (1) Note. This subclass requires a named tion. additive intended to contribute to the function by its presence and not by its 416 Free carbon containing: action on carbon and does not include an This subclass is indented under subclass 400. activating agent such as nitric acid added Composition comprising “activated” carbon or during an activating process. containing the element with atomic number 6 in substantially elemental form.

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in an upstream phase is considered to (2) Note. Animal or bone black is 80% Ca3 give a diverse by product. (PO4)2, and a patent claiming a mixture of its with another source of carbon is SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: proper for this subclass. 201, Distillation: Processes Thermolytic appropriate subclasses for a process of 418 Process utilizing solid or liquid source car- coking which may also produce a bonizable material, or product thereof: byproduct fuel gas. This subclass is indented under subclass 416. 208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products Process in which the sorbent is produced by (a) appropriate, subclasses for produc- chemically reacting to a nongaseous carbon tion of tar or pitch from mineral oil. compound to produce elemental carbon or (b) adding to or removing from elemental carbon, 420 Temperature vs. time factor: some other material or chemically or physi- This subclass is indented under subclass 418. cally treating such carbon to enhance its sorb- Process in which a relationship between the ability. amount and the duration of heat is positively recited e.g., rise from x to x1 in y hours. (1) Note. A disclosure of material which may be shaped or pelletized is an indica- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tion of solid or viscous material. An oil CLASS: is not considered solid or viscous, how- 436, for a process including 2 distinct heat- ever a process including spraying an acid ing stages. sludge on cake particles is considered to utilize solid or viscous material. 421 Including recycling product or intermediate thereof to prior stage of process: (2) Note. Such processes as destructive dis- This subclass is indented under subclass 418. tillation, charring, pyrolysis etc. to pro- Processes wherein at least a portion of a prod- duce a sorbent (e.g., activated) carbon uct is used in an earlier stage of the process. are provided for in this or an indented subclass. (1) Note. This subclass does not include the use of products or intermediates as fuel SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: in the process. See subclass 422. 201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, for destructive distillation in general. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 202, Distillation: Apparatus, for apparatus CLASS: in which a process of this subclass 422, for use of part of source as fuel. may be carried out. 264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shap- 422 Including diverting part of source to provid- ing or Treating Processes, subclasses ing fuel for process: 29.1+ for carbonizing and Shaping. This subclass is indented under subclass 418. 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, Process in which the starting material is physi- subclass 455 for carbonizing to pure cally divided, one part being burned, thereby carbon. providing heat or treating agents used in con- verting the remainder of the material to the 419 Producing diverse useful byproduct: desired composition. This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Process in which the production or collection (1) Note. This subclass provides for a pro- of a different useful material or energy (e.g., cess in which fines are screened and heat) is positively claimed. burned to carbonize the layer of particles of starting material. (1) Note. The positive recitation of collec- tion of volatiles and use of these as fuel

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hold together particles of the material in bri- 423 Adding nongaseous inorganic, or inorganic quettes. yielding component prior to or during pro- cess: (1) Note. Aqueous solutions of sugar or This subclass is indented under subclass 418. starch or pitch are examples of carbon- Process including by admixing a liquid or solid aceous binders. material, which is, per se, inorganic or which yields an inorganic constituent such as by 430 Treating with gas: decomposition, with the carbonable material This subclass is indented under subclass 418. before or while the latter material is being con- Process in which the material is contacted with verted to carbon. a specified fluid above its fluid boiling point at the conditions of the treatment. 424 Zinc containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 423. 431 Fluidized bed having specified parameter: Subject matter in which the inorganic compo- This subclass is indented under subclass 430. nent includes element number 30. Process in which a column of gas rises at a velocity to support particles of material in a 425 Phosphorus containing: state of turbulence and a rate, distance, temper- This subclass is indented under subclass 423. ature, or other condition is positively recited. Subject matter in which the inorganic compo- nent includes element number 15. (1) Note. A specified composition is not considered a parameter for a fluidized 426 Acid: bed. This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter in which the inorganic compo- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- nent is a proton denor. CLASS: 41+, for a fluidized bed process of regener- 427 Alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or magne- ating a sorbent. sium containing: This subclass is indented under subclass 423. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Subject matter including element number 12, 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, as set out in Digest 16 for a collection of art on flu- the list at the beginning of the schedule, free or idized bed techniques. in the combined state. 432 Specified atmosphere: 428 Including pelletizing or briquetting and sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 430. sequently comminuting: Process in which the composition of the gas is This subclass is indented under subclass 418. recited. Process in which a material of indefinite or mixed size or shape is molded or agglomerated (1) Note. The claim may recite an upper into shaped pieces by compression or a similar limit or a range of percentages. operation and the pieces then subdivided. 433 Including free oxygen: (1) Note. A step or operation such as char- This subclass is indented under subclass 432. ring may be performed between the pel- Process in which uncombined element number letizing and the comminuting or the 8 is recited, either diatomic or as ozone. comminuting may immediately follow the pelletizing. 434 And subsequent diverse gas: This subclass is indented under subclass 433. 429 Using carbonaceous binder: Process in which after treatment with the oxy- This subclass is indented under subclass 428. gen containing gas, the carbon source material Process in which a carbon containing material is contacted with a different gas, which may is utilized in making a shapeable mass or to also contain oxygen.

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appearing subclass providing for the (1) Note. The treatment with diverse gas function and crossed in the other sub- may be in the same or a different zone classes providing for the other functions. and may employ the same constituents in a different mixture - i.e., other percent- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ages or ingredients. 252, Composition, subclass 1 for a patent having only generic claims(s) and plu- 435 Exposure to hot flue or exhaust gas: ral disclosures, e.g., support for cata- This subclass is indented under subclass 432. lyst or sorbent, filler, pigment, etc. Process in which the material is bathed in 422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Dis- (treated by contact with) the products of an infecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or adjacent and upstream combustion. Sterilizing, subclasses 310+ for an element for that class having a cata- 436 Diverse temperatures: lyst coated, laminated, etc. thereto. This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Process in which material is heated at two CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS clearly distinct temperatures or ranges of tem- peratures. 500 STABILIZED: This subclass is indented under the class defini- (1) Note. A process in which material is sub- tion. Collection of art disclosing some feature jected to heat which may increase or which functions to prolong or maintain a decrease during the treatment does not desired property of a composition of this class, suffice for placement here. The process such as activity or resistance to deterioration. must recite two heating stages which dif- fer unequivocally e.g., at 900° and 501 For multi-regenerability: 15000<°

438 Chemically reducing an oxide or product 503 Crush strength: thereof: This subclass is indented under subclass 500. This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Collection of art in which the composition is Process in which electrons are supplied to a enable to withstand weight and/or pressure and carbon atom bound to an oxygen atom, to give resists fracturing or being compacted. elemental carbon. 504 Abrasion resistance: 439 MISCELLANEOUS (E.G., CARRIER OR This subclass is indented under subclass 500. SUPPORT, PER SE, OR PROCESS OF Collection of art in which the desired property MAKING, ETC.): is an ability of the material to retain its integ- This subclass is indented under the class defini- rity under conditions usually contributing to tion. Product serving as a substrate for the cat- spalling or attrition. alyst or sorbent and the process of preparing the same. 506 METHOD OF MAKING INORGANIC COMPOSITION UTILIZING ORGANIC (1) Note. A patent claiming (disclosing) a COMPOUND (EXCEPT FORMIC, ACE- carrier or support acting as either a cata- lyst, or sorbent is placed in the first

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TIC, OR OXALIC ACID OR SALT THEREOF): 510 Also containing hydroxyl bonded to carbon, This subclass is indented under the class defini- e.g., carboxylic acid, etc: tion. Collection of art disclosing a process of This subclass is indented under subclass 509. making a composition of this class in which a Process in which the organic nitrogen com- transitory organic compound is used. pound also includes the -OH group which may form an alcohol, a phenol, hydroxamic acid or (1) Note. See Glossary for definition of carboxylic acid. organic. 511 Two or more nitrogen atoms bonded to dif- (2) Note. The organic compound may serve ferent carbon atoms: as a solvent which is physically sepa- This subclass is indented under subclass 509. rated from the final composition or may Collections of art in which a second nitrogen be an intermediate reactant, removed or atom is bonded to a different carbon atom than destroyed chemically, as by calcination, that to which the first nitrogen is bonded. precipitation, etc. 512 Carboxyl acid or salt thereof other than for- (3) Note. The use of an acetate, formate or mic, acetic, or oxalic acid: oxalate is so conventional that disclosure This subclass is indented under subclass 506. of the use of these materials is not col- Collection of art in which the organic material lected here. includes the moiety - COX in which X is hydrogen, a metal or the nitrogen of ammonia 507 Synthetic resin, natural resin, polysaccaride, or an amine radical. or polypeptide: This subclass is indented under subclass 506. 513 Alcohol, phenol, or ether or metallate Process in which the organic compound is thereof: macro-molecular film-or fiber-forming or This subclass is indented under subclass 506. moldable material, manmade or existing in Collection of art in which a carbon of the nature of a polymer of alpha-amino acids or of organic compound is singly bonded to an oxy- repeating carbohydrate units. gen atom, the other valence of which is satis- fied by hydrogen, carbon or a metal. (1) Note. These materials are sometimes used as binders and removed from the 514 PROCESS APPLICABLE EITHER TO shaped final material. PREPARING OR TO REGENERATING OR TO REHABILITATING CATALYST 508 Sulfur containing organic compound: OR SORBENT: This subclass is indented under subclass 506. This subclass is indented under the class defini- Process in which the organic material contains tion. Collection of art disclosing operations element number 16. which are claimed or shown to be useful in the original production or in the restoration of a 509 Nitrogen containing organic compound: composition having a utility of this class. This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Process in which the organic material includes (1) Note. A process of treating carbon with element number 7. steam which is disclosed as activating it abinitio or as reactivating a spent carbon SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- sorbent is classifiable here. CLASS: 159, for a process using a resin, natural, or 515 SPECIFIC CONTAMINANT REMOVAL: synthetic, polysaccharide or polypep- This subclass is indented under the class defini- tide. tion. Collection of art directed to regenerating 507, for a process using a polypeptide or a or rehabilitating a composition of this class and resin that may include nitrogen. concerned primarily with freeing the composi- tion of some specific material usually called a “poison”.

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516 Metal contaminant removal: 522 RADIANT OR WAVE ENERGY ACTI- This subclass is indented under subclass 515. VATED: Collection of art in which the poison or con- This subclass is indented under the class defini- taminant comprises an element (or compound tion. Collection of art disclosing a composi- thereof) which exhibits a positive ionic prop- tion of this sorbent under the influence of erty is set out in the Glossary as a metal. energy capable of being transmitted through space of which is transmitted in regular pulses 517 Sulfur or sulfur compound removal: (i.e., quanta). This subclass is indented under subclass 515. Collection of Art in which the element number 523 MISCELLANEOUS SPECIFIC TECH- 16 or a compound of such element is removed NIQUES OF GENERAL APPLICABIL- from the composition. ITY: This subclass is indented under the class defini- 518 Carbonaceous contaminant: tion. Collection of art disclosing steps or This subclass is indented under subclass 515. methods which effect a useful or desirable Collection of art in which the material removed property of function irrespective of the material comprises a substantial amount of element acted upon. number 6 in relatively free state, or partially oxidized organic material known as char. (1) Note. This subclass includes treatments of catalysts, sorbent and/or supports in 519 REAGENT GRADE (E.G., ULTRA PURE): general such as methods of coating, acti- Collection of art disclosing compositions of vating mixing, conditioning or increas- this class (generally sorbents) which are free of ing surface area. An example is patent any components which could contaminate or no. 513,109 disclosing a method of interfere in subsequent chemical reactions or applying a myriad of catalytic material analysis. on various supports.

(1) Note. An example of art to be found here 524 SPINEL: is an ash free sorbent used in chemical This subclass is indented under the class defini- analysis. tion. Collection of art disclosing the particular crystalline structure of mixed metal oxides of 520 SUPPRESSED SIDE REACTIONS: the formula AB2O4 in which A is a divalent This subclass is indented under the class defini- metal e.g., Mg, Zn, Mn or ferrous iron and B is tion. Collection of art disclosing a composi- a trivalent metal such as Al, Cr, or ferric iron. tion exhibiting selectivity from among several possibly sorbable materials or competing reac- 525 PEROVSKITE: tions normally expected under the conditions This subclass is indented under the class defini- of use of the composition. tion. Collection of art disclosing the particular crystalline structure of mixed metal oxides of (1) Note. Exemplary is a catalyst which ABO3 in which A is a divalent or rare earth inhibits the formation of butyne in a metal and B is a transition metal, generally of reaction to give butadiene from butane. cubic structure.

521 METAL CONTAMINANT PASSIVATION: 526 SORBENT FOR FLUID STORAGE, This subclass is indented under the class defini- OTHER THAN AN ALLOY FOR HYDRO- tion. Collection of art directed to a process of GEN STORAGE: counteracting the undesired effect of a metal in This subclass is indented under the class defini- a catalyst or sorbent, without removing said tion. Collection of art disclosing sorbent mate- metal. rial designed to retain a fluid (often a pressur- ized gas as acetylene) for release as a fluid at a desired time.

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 252, Compositions, subclass 194, for a 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- humidostatic composition. cles, especially subclasses 357+ for a 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, per- specifically shaped particle. tinent, subclass for an alloy claimed or disclosed as a hydrogen storing 527.17 Specified cross-section shape or area of elon- medium, whether by sorption or by gated support particles (e.g., tape, with area chemical reaction, i.e., hydride forma- of cross section stated): tion. See especially subclass 900. This subclass is indented under subclass 527.14. Collection of art wherein an elongated 527.11 MONOLITH OF PECULIAR STRUC- particle is described in terms of the shape or TURE OR PHYSICAL FORM, WITH area of its cross-section. SPECIFIED HEAT EXCHANGE CAPA- BILITY: 527.18 MONOLITH WITH SPECIFIED GAS This subclass is indented under the class defini- FLOW PATTERNS, (E.G., TURBULENT tion. Collection of art disclosing monoliths FLOW MONOLITH): wherein the material or composition of peculiar This subclass is indented under the class defini- or specific shape is disclosed to exhibit signifi- tion. Collection of art disclosing a monolith cant heat exchange capability. with a specified gas flow pattern.

527.12 PLURAL LAYERS ON A SUPPORT, 527.19 MONOLITH WITH SPECIFIC SHAPE EACH LAYER HAVING A DISTINCT OR DIMENSION OF CELL OPENING FUNCTION: (E.G., HONEYCOMB, RINGS, ETC.) This subclass is indented under the class defini- This subclass is indented under the class defini- tion. Collection of art disclosing a support tion. Collection of art disclosing a monolith having plural layers thereon, wherein each whose cell openings are of a specific shape or layer has a distinct function. dimension.

527.13 More than two overlapping layers: (1) Note. This subclass does not provide for This subclass is indented under subclass nominal honeycomb disclosure. Spe- 527.12. Collection of art wherein at least three cific disclosure of cell opening shape or overlapping layers are present on the support. dimension (e.g., octagon shape, noncir- cular opening, etc.) is intended for provi- 527.14 SPECIFIED SUPPORT PARTICLES OF sion herein. PECULIAR STRUCTURE OR PHYSI- CAL FORM E.G., WHISKERS, FIBER SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: PIECES, ETC.): 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- This subclass is indented under the class defini- cles, appropriate subclasses for spe- tion. Collection of art disclosing support parti- cific opening shape in material(s) or cles of a peculiar structure or physical form. article(s).

527.15 Layered deposition on support particle (i.e., 527.2 Cell opening shape and dimensions are on a carrier particle): determined by the intersection of the woof This subclass is indented under subclass and the warp of a woven structure, (e.g., of a 527.14. Collection of art directed to carrier fabric or gauze, etc.): (support) particles having a layer thereon. This subclass is indented under subclass 527.19. Collection of art wherein the intersec- 527.16 Specified shape of support particle (e.g., hol- tion of the woof and the warp of a woven struc- low-carrier particle): ture determines the shape and dimensions of This subclass is indented under subclass the cell opening. 527.14. Collection of art wherein the support particle is of a specified shape.

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527.21 Cell openings are quadrilateral or triangu- (b)Coating of no special description, lar (e.g., pie shaped): including nonuniform coating. This subclass is indented under subclass 527.19. Collection of art wherein the cell (c)Reactive complexes (particles on a openings are triangular or quadrilateral in surface, etc.) shape. (d)High specific surface area and/or high 527.22 Cell openings are spiral or corrugated: porosity. This subclass is indented under subclass 529.19. Collection of art wherein the cell (e)Particle diameter. openings are spiral or corrugated in shape. (f)Pores made by burning out a sub- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: stance. 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- cles, appropriate subclasses for spiral (g)Alloy. or corrugated material or articles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 527.23 SPECIFIED EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL CLASS: SHAPE OR CONFIGURATION OF CATA- 8+, for a process of forming or treating a LYST REACTOR OR OF SORBENT CON- sphere. VERTER: This subclass is indented under the class defini- END tion. Collection of art wherein a catalyst reac- tor or a sorbent converter is characterized by a specific external or internal shape or configura- tion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Dis- infecting, Deodorizing, Preserving or Sterilizing, for apparatus which may include a catalyst or sorbent of a spe- cific shape.

527.24 PECULIAR STRUCTURE OR PHYSI- CAL FORM (E.G., FOAM, SPONGES, FOIL, SACK, BAG, FIBER IN A MATRIX, MONOLITH, MICROSTRUTURE (MICROCRACKING), MICROAGGRE- GATES, ETC.): This subclass is indented under the class defini- tion. Collection of art disclosing a specific shape or configuration of the material of the composition.

(1) Note. The following physical concepts are not peculiar for purposes of belong- ing to this cross-reference art collection.

(a)Bimodal (multimodal) pore distribu- tion.

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