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TURN LEFT at HEYWARD STREET- Proceed East and Southeast on Heyward Street Five Blocks to King Street

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TURN LEFT at HEYWARD STREET- Proceed East and Southeast on Heyward Street Five Blocks to King Street A GUIDE TO COLUMBIA SOUTH CAROLINA'S CAPITAL CITY By JANE KEALHOFER SIMONS Revised and Edited By THE AUTHOR and MARGARET BABCOCK MERIWETHER Published by COLUMBIA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE as a continuation of The Historical Marker-Guide Book Program of THE COLUMBIA SESQUICENTENNIAL COMMISSION OF 1936 THE R. L. BRYAN COMPANY, PRINTERS COLUMBIA, S. C. 1945 Copyrighted I 939 by The Columbia Sesquicentennial Commission Copyrighted 1943, 1945 by Columbia Chamber of Commerce Third Edition CAROLINA ENGRAVING COMPANY, ENGRAVERS COLUMBIA, S. C. Table of Contents PAGE Illustrations and Maps .................................._ . 6 Foreword . 7 Acknowledgment . 8 The Story of Columbia . 11 The State House and Grounds . 15 .t\. Wal king Tour . 2 3 Fifteen Miles of Columbia in an Hoar-A Scenic and Historic Route 3 0 Scenic Route-Extra Loop No. 1 . .. 64 Scenic Route-Extra Loop No. 2 . ~ . 68 Scenic Route-Extra Loop No. 3 . 71 Scenic Route-Extra Loop No. 4 . 7 4 Lake Murray Loop •. 7 7 Across the Congaree . 82 Historical Markers in Lower Richland County ................ 85 Numerical Index to Historical Markers . 88 Alphabetical Index to Historical Markers . 89 Index to Other Inscriptions Quoted . 90 Illustrations and Maps PAGE The City Flag of Columbia 9 The State House Dome ......................•...•.......... 10 Palmetto Monument ...................................... 19 Town Theatre .......................................... 23 Map of University of South Carolina Campus ................. 24 Old Faculty Residence, University of South Carolina ........... 27 Trinity Episcopal Church ................................ 31 World War Memorial ............· ........................ 32 The South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina . 33 Central Building of Former Columbia Theological Seminary ...... 45 Mills Building, South Carolina State Hospital ......... ·........ 48 Governor's Mansion ...................................... 50 City Hall and United States Court House ..................... 52 DeBruhl-Marshall House .................................. 53 First Baptist Church ...................................... 55 First Presbyterian Church ................................. 58 Curb Market, 193 9 ....................................... 61 Doorway, St. Peter's Church ............................... 62 Ruins of Millwood ...................................... 69 V ellow Jessamine, State Flower ............................ 72 Columbia College ....................................... 74 Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary ...................... 75 South Carolina Pines 77 Cayce House, about 1925 . 8 2 Highway and Historical Marker . 87 Map of Columbia ................................ Inside Back Cover Map of Richland County .......................... Inside Back Cover Foreword THE first edition of A Guide to Columbia, South Carolina's Capital City, was published in 193 9 as a part of the Historical Marker-Guide Book Pro­ gram of the Columbia Sesquicentennial Commission of 1936. The primary purpose of the book was to record the marker inscriptions and give a fuller commentary on Columbia and Richland County, thus putting their history in short, accessible form. As an aid to tourists the markers are numbered in the lower right corner and two indices of them, numerical and alphabetical, are included in this guide book. A system of code letters is provided for highways, towns, and state institutions. On the highways a single letter in­ dicates a main route; two letters indicate branch roads. Markers within the city, but not on highway routes, are numbered without a code letter. The key to the code letters is as follows: I - State Institutions. Q-Towns. S- U. S. Route 1. SL - S. C. Route 12, branch of U. S. Route 1. U- S. C. Route 48. W- U. S. Route 76. Another purpose of this book is to provide systematic tours in order that a maximum number of interesting places in and around South Carolina's capital city may be seen in a minimum amount of time. The routes have been care­ £ully planned. The mileage and touring time for each is specified to assist in working out schedules for sightseeing. It is regretted that limited space made it in1possible to include all points of interest. The Historical Marker-Guide Book Program-selection of sites marked, writing of inscriptions for the markers, writing and editing of the first edition of the guide book-was carried out by the fallowing committee elected for that purpose by the Columbia Sesquicentennial Commission: MRS. ARTHUR ST. JULIAN SIMONS, Chairman CAPT. J. M. BATEMAN MRS. R. L. MERIWETHER DR. E. L. GREEN MRS. w. BEDFORD MOORE, JR. DR. NEILL W. MACAULAY l'vlR. EUGENE SALMON MRS. R.H. WELCH Advisory members representing the Columbia Sesquicentennial Commission: MRS. JULIAN HENNIG MR. J. MACFIE ANDERSON [7] Acknowledgment In republishing this book the Columbl1 '. Chamber of Commerce wishes to repeat the acknowledgments appearing in the foreword of the first edition: Mr. A. S. Salley, Secretary; Hi"storical Commission of SoutJi Ca_r<:>~ina. Mr. R. L. Meriwether, Professor of History, University of Southi Carolina. Dr. Reed Smith, Dean of Graduate School, University of Southf .;Carolina. Miss Nora Davis, Director, South Carolina Historical Mai:k~f~; Survey. Dr. L. B. Owens, Mayor of Columbia. Brigadier General James C. Dozier, Adjutant General of S~~th Carolina. Miss Katherine Heyward, Professor of Fine Arts, Un'iversity of South Carolina. Miss May Marshall, Adjunct Professor of Fine Arts, University 'of South Carolina. Miss Sophie Walla~e (Mrs, Edwin B. Clippard), Art Supervisor, Columbia Public Schools. The Columbia Chamber of Commerce. South Carolina State Highway Department. Mr. H. H. Hinnant, Richland County Supervisor. Lieutenant L. J. Ca1:1pbell, Chief of Columbia Traffic Department. Tomlinson Engineering Company. The R. L. Bryan Company. Carolina Engraving Company. The State. The Columbia Record. Dr. Thomas A. Pitts. Mr. John Adger Manning. Mrs. Susan Ames Taylor, The South Carolina National Bank, and The Columbia Hebrew Benevolent Society for supplementing this program by the erection of additional historical markers. The garden clubs of Columbia, especially the Crape-Myrtle Garden Club, which conceived the idea and started the planning of the Scenic Route. 'The Junior League of Columbia, especially for originating the idea of the guide book. The citizens and organizations in front of whose property the markers are erected. The artists who so generously gave permission for the reproduction of their work in this book, many of whom made sketches especially for it: Emmett Conniffe Guy Fleming Lipscomb, Jr. L. A. Emerson Edward Mason H. M. Fair C. Hardy Oliver R. E. Fulmer Catharine Rembert Caroline Guignard Antoinette Rhett Rowena Jones Halsey Elizabeth O'Neill Verner Harry Dodge Jenkins Sophie Wallace Elizabeth White [ 8] The Columbia Chamber of Commerce further acknowledges with appre­ ciation the services of the following in connection with the third edition: Mrs. Arthur St. Julian Simons and Mrs. R. L. Meriwether for revising and editing. Mrs. Robert B. Durham of the Crape-Myrtle Garden Club for assisting in the revision of the Scenic Route. Mrs. Guy Fleming Lipscomb (Adelin S. Lipscomb) for revising the map of the University of South Carolina campus drawn by her son, Guy Fleming Lipscomb, Jr. The R. L. Bryan Company .. Carolina Engraving Company. THE CITY FLAG OF COLUMBIA Drawn by Kate Manning Incorporating the City Seal and stalks of corn and cotton on a field of blue, this flag was designed by Kate Manning (Mrs. Ralph Magoffin). In 1912 the City Council adopted the design for the City Flag of Columbia. [9] THE STATE HousE DoME Drawn hy Emmett Conniffe 'The Story of Columbia C OL UM BIA, South Carolina's Capital City, is one of the f cw state capitals in the country laid out for that purpose. After the Revolutionary War a strong feeling developed throughout the state that the seat of the state government should be changed from Charleston to a more central location. Many sites were discussed and in March, 1786, the General Assembly passed an Act providing for removal of the South Caro­ lina capital from Charleston to a site "near Friday's Ferry on the Congaree River, including the plain of the hill whereon Thomas and James Taylor, Esquires, now reside". One reason for the choice of this location was that it was practically the geographical center of the state; another, that the head of the Congaree River had Jong been recognized as the natural gateway to the Up Country. The Act providing for the creation of South Carolina's capital city author• ized commissioners elected by the General Assembly to purchase a tract of land two miles square, and to lay off this area into lots with convenient streets. A square or squares of eight acres was to be reserved "for the purpose of erect• ing such public buildings as may be necessary". The commissioners were au­ thorized "to contract for the building of a State House .•• and also a con­ venient house for the residence of the Governor or Commander-in-chief for the time being". The purchaser of each lot was required to build thereon within three years from time of purchase. The General Assembly named the new city Columbia. Thus the legislators "By their votes and a few strokes of the pen . made a 'city' without citizens". Great credit is due the General Assembly and commissioners for their fore­ sight in providing the wide streets of Columbia, which have added much to its permanent beauty and proved invaluable in the handling of twentieth­ century traffic.
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