DOCSLIB.ORG

{Download PDF} Pieces of Eight

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
{Download PDF} Pieces of Eight PIECES OF EIGHT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK John Drake | 448 pages | 27 May 2010 | HarperCollins Publishers | 9780007268962 | English | London, United Kingdom Pieces of Eight PDF Book In modern pop culture and fiction, "pieces of eight" are most often associated with the popular notion of pirates. The theme of the album, as Dennis DeYoung explained on In the Studio with Redbeard which devoted an entire episode to Pieces of Eight , was about "not giving up your dreams just for the pursuit of money and material possessions". Australian Chart Book — illustrated ed. It continued to be minted to Spanish standards throughout the 19th century, with the peso at They continued to use the term "Pieces of Eight," however, in spite of the fact that there were nine members. Since the settlements in the New World were all possessions of their mother countries England , Spain , France , Portugal , and the Netherlands , they did not have monetary systems of their own. James Cathedral Chicago. Piddock, Jim James Piddock. The silver used to create the coins and finance Spain's armies and armadas came, above all, from the 'silver mountain' of Potosi in Bolivia. Pieces of eight Contributed by British Museum. Around , this piece of eight that I'm holding would probably have bought me, in modern terms, something like fifty pounds worth of goods, and I could have spent this piece of eight practically anywhere in the world. Osborne 29 November This wealth came at a terrible cost to human life. British Broadcasting Corporation Home. Sign In Don't have an account? The Nine Pieces of Eight , often referred to as just pieces of eight , were an important symbol in Pirate Lore as the items owned by the Pirate Lords of the Brethren Court. Currencies named dollar or similar. Set sail on the high seas in a ship of your own construction. Piedmont Region. View more objects from people in London. The pricing of equities on U. Review Us Reviews. Disturbingly, and to the dismay of many Bolivians, it is still a tough and unhealthy place to work. This article needs additional citations for verification. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. Government and Law. Pieces of Eight Writer Millions of Spanish dollars were minted over the course of several centuries. Each set includes different coins , and coins can be swapped between sets. They also circulated throughout the English colonies during the 17th and early 18th centuries. Australian Government. Disturbingly, and to the dismay of many Bolivians, it is still a tough and unhealthy place to work. Updated About encyclopedia. Lafayette, LA. Settings Sign out. At on 4 October , Stephen Evans wrote: This is a fascinating edition to the series, just when did the mines come to an end. Set sail on the high seas in a ship of your own construction. They were among the most widely circulating coins of the colonial period in the Americas, and were still in use in North America and in South-East Asia in the 19th century. However, monetary turbulence in Spain beginning under the reign of King Philip II resulted in the dollar being subdivided as follows in Spain only:. All data and information provided is intended solely for informative purposes and is not intended to be considered individualized advice or investment recommendations. Piedmont College: Tabular Data. Our home page is like being in our store : Share your questions, find out what people are buying and like , see our news , browse new items , and see reviews from our customers. Recommended Supplies:. We therefore see that the reason for the lack of gold and silver money in Spain is that there is too much of it, and Spain is poor because she is rich. Because it was widely used in Europe, the Americas, and the Far East, it became the first world currency by the late 18th century. Long tied to the lore of piracy , "pieces of eight" were manufactured in the Americas and transported in bulk back to Spain, making them a very tempting target for seagoing pirates. United Colonies of New England. Product Rating You must be logged in to leave feedback. Cancel Save. Download as PDF Printable version. In modern pop culture and fiction, "pieces of eight" are most often associated with the popular notion of pirates. The band members produced and recorded the album like their previous three efforts at Paragon Studios in Chicago with recording engineer Barry Mraz and mixing engineer Rob Kingsland. Read more. The specifications of the Spanish dollar became a standard for trade in the Far East, with later Western powers issuing trade dollars , and colonial currencies such as the Hong Kong dollar , to the same specifications. Economy and Communications. Yet it does make for an exciting buccaneering voyage. Thank you for contacting us. In fact, our idea of pirates is probably even more distorted than our idea of pieces of eight. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in But some money - and especially coins - are already the stuff of dreams, with names that ring to the magic of history and legend. Spanish dollars came into the North American colonies through lucrative trade with the West Indies. The Spanish had been drawn to America by the lure of gold, but what made them rich there was silver. More From encyclopedia. Destroyed coins go to the hold, but beware: some coins can pull them out again. The Rolling Stone Album Guide. Most of the content on A History of the World is created by the contributors, who are the museums and members of the public. Click on the image to zoom in. St Ives, N. View more objects from people in London. Copyright Trustees of the British Museum The reverse of the coin. Yet for decades the flow of silver provided rock-solid credit for Spain. If you already have an account, please Login. The album peaked at 6 on the Billboard album chart, and like its predecessor would go triple platinum. Silver dollar of the Catholic Monarchs , after Piddock, Jim James Piddock. Inflation was the consequence. Pieces of Eight Reviews Valid email address required. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. Quantity 1 Add to Cart Please read and agree that you understand this is a pre-sale item! Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Retrieved April 29, The nine pieces of eight burned to release Calypso. Average customer rating: 3. Retrieved December 26, The Spanish silver coin was so named because it was worth eight reals and at one time had an eight stamped on it. In Pieces of Eight , each player controls a ship represented by coins in their hand. Australia Kent Music Report [8]. This article is about the trinkets of the Pirate Lords. In the Spanish escudo gold coin was introduced, which was worth 16 reales. Product Rating You must be logged in to leave feedback. The aft coin is always hidden on the end closest to the player's hand. The captain coin is hidden somewhere in the middle. In this game, the coins represent your ship! The issue of coinage by colonists was strictly prohibited by England, but the Puritans of Massachusetts continued to make their own coins for some thirty years thereafter, stamping the year on them as a way to circumvent the law. Send to friend. Incorrect validation code. Shipping Information. The Grand Illusion Download as PDF Printable version. Piedmont Technical College: Tabular Data. Spanish coinage was legal tender in the United States until the Coinage Act of discontinued the practice. Pieces of Eight Read Online Right across Europe, Spanish American treasure inaugurated an age of silver, "the wealth which walketh about all the countries of Europe". Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Each set of pieces will re-assemble to form a complete, divided Spanish milled dollar, for a total of 4 milled dollars in the set. Piedmont Baptist College: Narrative Description. It became popular in the Middle East, and colonies in the east and west. Start a Wiki. It was American silver that made the Spanish kings Europe's most powerful rulers, and paid for their armies and armadas. Cancel Save. Trade was often conducted with Spanish dollars that had been obtained by dealing with Caribbean pirates. They give the unmistakeable ring of very high quality silver. The "fo" element in those Chinese names referred to the King of Spain in those coins, as his face resembled that of images of the Buddha; and the "zhu" part of those names referred to the two pillars in the Spanish coat of arms. Long tied to the lore of piracy , "pieces of eight" were manufactured in the Americas and transported in bulk back to Spain, making them a very tempting target for seagoing pirates. The pricing of equities on U. Some [1] [2] consider the album to be Styx' second concept album 's The Serpent Is Rising arguably being the first as well as the last Styx album with significant progressive rock leanings. This was indicated by overstamping the two new coins. These coins have long been associated with pirates, because they were a common target for the outlaws, as large amounts were regularly shipped from the American colonies to Spain. Money and Exchange in Europe and America, — Specifically to facilitate export trade, the leeuwendaalder was authorized to contain For the album, see Pieces of Eight. But it was one of the foundation stones of the modern world, underpinning the first world empire. It was assumed that next year there would always be another treasure fleet. Other currencies also derived from the dollar include the Japanese yen , Korean won , Philippine peso and the Malaysian ringgit.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Minting America: Coinage and the Contestation of American Identity, 1775-1800
    ABSTRACT MINTING AMERICA: COINAGE AND THE CONTESTATION OF AMERICAN IDENTITY, 1775-1800 by James Patrick Ambuske “Minting America” investigates the ideological and culture links between American identity and national coinage in the wake of the American Revolution. In the Confederation period and in the Early Republic, Americans contested the creation of a national mint to produce coins. The catastrophic failure of the paper money issued by the Continental Congress during the War for Independence inspired an ideological debate in which Americans considered the broader implications of a national coinage. More than a means to conduct commerce, many citizens of the new nation saw coins as tangible representations of sovereignty and as a mechanism to convey the principles of the Revolution to future generations. They contested the physical symbolism as well as the rhetorical iconology of these early national coins. Debating the stories that coinage told helped Americans in this period shape the contours of a national identity. MINTING AMERICA: COINAGE AND THE CONTESTATION OF AMERICAN IDENTITY, 1775-1800 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History by James Patrick Ambuske Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2006 Advisor______________________ Andrew Cayton Reader_______________________ Carla Pestana Reader_______________________ Daniel Cobb Table of Contents Introduction: Coining Stories………………………………………....1 Chapter 1: “Ever to turn brown paper
    [Show full text]
  • Bullionism, Specie-Point Mechanism and Bullion Flows in the Early 18Th-Century Europe
    Bullionism, Specie-Point Mechanism and Bullion Flows in the Early 18th-century Europe Pilar Nogués Marco ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tesisenred.net) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora.
    [Show full text]
  • The Grand Illusion: a Psychonautical Odyssey Into the Depths of Human Experience
    The Grand Illusion: A psychonautical odyssey into the depths of human experience Steve Lehar This book is a complete and total fiction. Any resemblance between the characters in this narrative and real people, either living or dead, is either complete and total coincidence, or more often, deliberate misrepresentation for the purpose of humorous defamation of old friends. Nobody in the real world, including the author, is remotely guilty of any of the acts and practices committed by the wild fantasy characters in this book. © Copyright Steven Lehar 2010 3 4 Preface This book tells the story of my psychonautical exploits, from my early teen experimentation with alcohol intoxication, all the way to my most intense and dissociated experiences as a middle-aged adult, on a range of the most potent psychedelic and dissociative substances. Of course I am not the only person to have taken this path to inner discovery, by now there are millions who have explored the psychedelic realm, and a handful of them have even documented their experiences and the conclusions they have drawn from them. However in my own psychonautical journeys there is something truly unique and profoundly interesting that I have discovered which deserves to be shared, not only amongst my fellow psychonauts, but with the world at large, because what I have discovered is truly unique, with profound implications for the nature of our self and our place in the world, and how the physical brain generates that spectacular electric fluid magic lantern virtual-reality entity that we call mind. I have accomplished an age-old dream of spiritual pursuit, I have found enlightenment in the psychedelic experience, and it is an enlightenment not only of a purely spiritual dimension, but one with very concrete implications for the physical world known to science.
    [Show full text]
  • Wellington and Money
    The Napoleon Series Wellington and Money By: Richard Tennant FCA/CPA Background on Currencies British Money Pound Sterling The pound sterling is the world's oldest currency still being used today. Silver coins known as "sterlings" were issued in the Saxon kingdoms, 240 of them being minted from a pound of silver... Hence, large payments came to be reckoned in "pounds of sterlings," a phrase later shortened...— Encyclopædia Britannica, entry "pound sterling" The origins of sterling lie in the reign of King Offa of Mercia (757–796), who introduced the silver penny. The accounting system of 4 farthings = 1 penny, 12 pence = 1 shilling, 20 shillings = 1 pound was adopted from that introduced by Charlemagne to the Frankish Empire. Written Charlemagne English £ or l. librae pound s. solidi shilling d. denarii pence Therefore written as either as 2l.3s.6¾d. or £2.3s.6¾d. = two pounds, three shillings and sixpence, three farthings The English currency was almost exclusively silver until 1344, when the gold noble was successfully introduced into circulation. However, silver remained the legal basis for sterling until 1816 when the gold standard was adopted officially During the American War of independence and the Napoleonic wars, Bank of England notes were legal tender and their value floated relative to gold. The Bank also issued silver tokens to alleviate the shortage of silver coins.1 Bank of England Notes The Bank of England was founded in 1694 and it issued its first banknotes in the same year, although before 1745 they were written for irregular amounts, rather than predefined multiples of a pound.
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Annual Financial Report PDF 1 MB
    MACQUARIE BANK MACQUARIE 2007 FINANCIAL 2007 REPORT FINANCIAL MACQUARIE BANK 2007 FINANCIAL REPORT www.macquarie.com.au MACQUARIE BANK LIMITED ACN 008 583 542 The Macquarie Bank Group’s 2007 If you would like a copy of the annual report consists of two 2007 Annual Review please call documents – the 2007 Annual Review us on +61 2 8232 5006 or visit (incorporating the Concise Report) www.macquarie.com.au/ and the 2007 Financial Report. The shareholdercentre. Annual Review provides an overview of the Group’s operations and a summary of the financial statements. This Financial Report contains the Bank’s risk management report and statutory financial statements. Cover: Thames Water 2007 Annual General Meeting The Holey Dollar Thames Water is the largest water Macquarie Bank’s 2007 Annual In 1813 Governor Lachlan Macquarie and wastewater services company in General Meeting will be held at overcame an acute currency the United Kingdom, serving eight 10.30am on Thursday, 19 July 2007 shortage by purchasing Spanish million water and 13 million wastewater at the Westin Sydney, in the Grand silver dollars (then worth five shillings), customers across London and the Ballroom, Lower Level, No.1 Martin punching the centres out and Thames Valley. The history of Thames Place, Sydney. creating two new coins – the ‘Holey Water dates back to the early 1600s Details of the business of the meeting Dollar’ (valued at five shillings) and when the privately funded New River, will be contained in the separate the ‘Dump’ (valued at one shilling a 40-mile channel, was built to create Notice of Annual General Meeting to and three pence).
    [Show full text]
  • MAJOR INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC AUCTION FRIDAY 12 MARCH 2021 – 12.00 PM at the WEST PLAZA HOTEL, WELLINGTON, NZ Mowbray Collectables
    AUCTION 26 MAJOR INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC AUCTION FRIDAY 12 MARCH 2021 – 12.00 PM AT THE WEST PLAZA HOTEL, WELLINGTON, NZ Mowbray Collectables Lot 285 UNICEF YEAR of the CHILD GOLD SET Est $16,500 Lot 37 Lot 113 Lot 153 Part Lot Lot 454 Enlarged 2x Lot 300 Lot 1 Lot 5 Lot 6 Lot 7 Lot 8 Lot 13 Lot 15 Lot 21 Lot 89 Lot 26 Lot 97 Lot 29 Lot 105 Lot 30 Lot 110 Lot 87 Lot 45 Enlarged Lot 48 Lot 73 Lot 164 Lot 114 Lot 186 Lot 201 Lot 116 Lot 206 Lot 132 Lot 155 Lot 150 Lot 208 Lot 197 Lot 226 Lot 209 Lot 227 Lot 210 Lot 238 Lot 254 Lot 270 Lot 282 Lot 256 Lot 286 Enlarged 2x Lot 287 Lot 248 Lot 294 Lot 264 Lot 258 Lot 295 Lot 299 MOWBRAY COLLECTABLES MAJOR INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC NUMISMATIC AUCTION Friday 12th March 2021 commencing at 12 noon West Plaza Hotel, 110 Wakefield Street, Wellington, New Zealand INDEX OF LOTS: 1 - 25 Medals & Medallions - Military 26 - 40 - Commemorative & Other 41 - 43 Militaria 44 - 49 Other 50 - 178 World Coins 179 - 216 Ancient 217 - 288 World Gold Coins 289 - 374 Great Britain Coins 375 - 413 Great Britain Gold Coins 414 - 424 Australia Coins 425 - 453 Australia Gold Coins 454 - 470 New Zealand & Australia Tokens 471 - 516 New Zealand Coins 517 - 522 New Zealand Gold Coins 523 - 558 World Banknotes 559 - 625 New Zealand Banknotes Mowbray Collectables - Registered Auctioneers VISIT OUR WEB-SITE TO VIEW THE CATALOGUE AND PLACE BIDS: www.mowbraycollectables.com Live online bidding will be available on our website via Auction Mobility ALL LOTS ILLUSTRATED ON OUR WEBSITE MOWBRAY COLLECTABLES Private Bag 63000, Wellington 6140, New Zealand Phone +64 6 364 8270, Fax +64 6 364 8252, Email [email protected] - 11 - CONDITIONS OF SALE 1 INSPECTION: No lot is available for inspection by post.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vinyl Countdown for Record Store Day April 13 at Neat Neat Neat and Wooden Nickel
    METHENY, GIN BLOSSOMS HARRY POTTER SCOTTY things to do 353in the area POP INTO PAVILION AND THE PHIL McCREERY CALENDARS START ON PAGE 11 Apr. 4-10, 2019 FREE WHAT THERE IS TO DO IN FORT WAYNE AND BEYOND THE VINYL COUNTDOWN FOR RECORD STORE DAY APRIL 13 AT NEAT NEAT NEAT AND WOODEN NICKEL ALSO INSIDE: DANCE AND COMEDY FESTIVALS · ALBUM REVIEWS · SHAZAM! WITH LIGHT PRAISE starstarstarstarstar whatzup.com LONGE OPTICAL 2 WHATZUP APRIL 4-10, 2019 Inside This Week Volume 23, Number 36 Indiana Dance Fest 5 NEAT NEAT NEAT Records & Music Harry Potter4 for the 12th annual and The Phil 7 Zakir Hussain Scotty McCreery6 Maumee, Mary, and 9 Joseph Comedy Fest 8am 8 Record Store Day 1836 S Calhoun St Columns & Reviews Calendars Out and About ⁄ 10 Spins ⁄ 19 Live Music & Comedy ⁄ 11-15 Metheny, Gin Blossoms pop into Maren Morris, Steve Gunn, Xiu Xiu Pavilion On the Road ⁄ 16-18 Backtracks ⁄ 19 Picks ⁄ 12, 14 The Easybeats, It’s 2 Easy (1966) Road Trips ⁄ 17 Sanctus Real, Rock and Roll Voodoo, Stage & Dance ⁄ 21 Sam Evian, Heartland Sings Reel Views ⁄ 20 Lack of clear vision stalls out otherwise Things To Do ⁄ 22 News and Venues ⁄ 15 worthy Shazam! Kids can develop theater skills at Art & Exhibits ⁄ 23 Wagon Wheel camps Screen Time ⁄ 20 Here’s to hoping Burton recaptures Road Notes ⁄ 16 magic of earlier in his career Comic Con orders side of Meatloaf Cover photo by Eric Wilson APRIL 4-10, 2019 WHATZUP 3 Philharmonic to How to reach us Whatzup LLC 5501 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Edition 5 | 2018-2019
    Palace Theatre Staff Michael E. Moran, Jr. George Pansy President and CEO Event Operations 2018–2019 SEASON Cathy Nonnenmacher Robert Andrea, Peter Byrne, Chief Financial Officer Wally DelVecchio, Pete Duhaime, Tim Folster Lisa Colangelo Palace Theatre Production Palace Theatre Staff| 1 Director of Development Local 74 IATSE Palace Theatre Randy Thomas Victoria Rinkerman, Tina Repp Board of Directors | 1 Director of Production & Facilities Senior House Managers Welcome to The Palace Theatre | 3 Carol Bryan Melanie Keiffer, Roy Kertelits, Director of Education Steven Marchese, Pearline Moore, Season at a Glance | 5 Walter Lemekha Paul Thury, Sonja Hennessy House Managers Jay Leno | 7 Theatre Manager Kristin Levinson Victoria Rinkerman Kevin James | 8 Development Coordinator Volunteer Coordinator Connecticut Ballet Presents: Judy Ferri Lenore Heller Old, New, Borrowed, & Blue | 9 Administrative Assistant Box Office Manager Music City Sessions: FILMORE Callie Thomas Sonja Hennessy, Dona Lessow, Marketing Coordinator Allen Louis, Paul Thury, with opener Olivia Lane | 9 Matt Freitas, Yency Molina Allen Louis Box Office Staff Styx | 10 Marketing Associate Victor Manuelle | 11 Circle of Friends | 15 Palace Theatre Board of Directors OFFICERS DIRECTORS David Martin Sheryl Y. Battles* Chairman Ex-Officio Pitney Bowes Inc. City of Stamford Greg Caggainello* Michael L. Widland* SL Green Realty Corp. Chairman Shipman & Goodwin, LLP Margaret M. Carlson* RFR Realty LLC Sandra Goldstein* Vice Chairman Peter Gabriel Stamford Downtown Webster Bank Special Services District Salvatore Gangemi Moira K. Lyons* Murtha Cullina LLP Vice President – Zachary A. Hummel Governmental Affairs Shipman & Goodwin LLP Norwalk Community College Scott Laughinghouse Michael P. Byrne* Patriot Bank Vice President – Strategic Planning Day Pitney LLP Tina Mazzuloo Courtyard & Residence Inn Diana Lenkowsky* Stamford Downtown Secretary Purdue, Pharma, L.P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Holey Dollar in 1813 Governor Lachlan Macquarie
    This 2011 Macquarie Group Annual 2011 Annual General Meeting The Holey Dollar Report complies with reporting Macquarie Group’s 2011 Annual In 1813 Governor Lachlan Macquarie overcame requirements and contains statutory General Meeting will be held at an acute currency shortage by purchasing Spanish financial statements. It contains 10:30am on Thursday 28 July silver dollars (then worth five shillings), punching reports from the Chairman and 2011 at the Hilton Hotel (Grand the centres out and creating two new coins – the Managing Director on Macquarie’s Ballroom), 488 George Street, ‘Holey Dollar’ (valued at five shillings) and the ‘Dump’ business and operational highlights, Sydney NSW. (valued at one shilling and three pence). Macquarie’s Corporate Governance Details of the business of the This single move not only doubled the number of Statement, the Directors’ Report meeting will be contained in the coins in circulation but increased their worth by including the Remuneration Report Notice of Annual General Meeting, 25 per cent and prevented the coins leaving the and full financial statements. to be sent to shareholders colony. Governor Macquarie’s creation of the Holey The 2011 Shareholder Review separately. Dollar was an inspired solution to a difficult problem contains a report from the and for this reason it was chosen as the symbol for Chairman and Managing Director Macquarie Group. on Macquarie’s business and operational highlights. It is not a concise report prepared under section 314 (2) of the Corporations Act. Macquarie Group has not prepared a concise report for the 2011 financial year. If you would like a copy of the 2011 Shareholder Review please call us on +61 2 8232 5006 or visit macquarie.com.au/investorrelations.
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Reviews 1671 7/1/09 13:43 Page 291
    11 Reviews 1671 7/1/09 13:43 Page 291 REVIEWS The Galata guide to the farthing tokens of James I & REFERENCES Charles I: a history and reclassification, by Tim Everson C[okayne], G. E., The Complete Peerage (London; (Llanfyllin: Galata Print, 2007), [1] ϩ 78 pp.: illus. Stroud, 1910–98). THIS work has the misleading appearance of a ‘maga- Harris, J. and Higgott, G., 1989. Inigo Jones: complete zine’, with floppy covers, and text lines too wide for architectural drawings (London). the size of typeface. Yet its solid contribution would Keene, D., 1997. ‘The setting of the Royal Exchange’ in have justified appearance in a series of hardcover The Royal Exchange, ed. Ann Saunders (London), monographs. Its main contents are a history of the 253–71. patent, catalogues of the types, and documentary Larkin, J. F. and Hughes, P. L. (eds.), 1973. Stuart appendices. Royal Proclamations, Vol. I: Royal Proclamations of The patent holders are clearly set out, correcting King James I, 1603–1625 (Oxford). Peck’s confusion over the two lords Harington. It is Larkin, J. F. (ed.), 1983. Stuart Royal Proclamations, strange to see references to ‘Maltravers junior’ when Vol. II: Royal Proclamations of King Charles I, the title was not hereditary, and Thomas Howard, who 1625–1646 (Oxford). held the title 1646–52, is better known as the ‘lunatic’ Duke of Norfolk. He does not have an entry in the ODNB, although he is mentioned in the entry for his Money of the Caribbean, edited by R.G. Doty and father, Henry Frederick Howard, who was Lord J.M.
    [Show full text]
  • O·HE Monetary Systems of the British Possessions in the West
    THE SPANISH DOLLAR AS ADAPTED FOR CURRENCY IN OUR 'VEST INDIAN COLONIES. By J. B. CALDECOTT. · HE monetary systems of the British Possessions in the West Indies form a most interesting chapter in the history of O currency; a chapter that embraces many mediums of exchange, that is fertile in experiments, that comprises many strange expedients and perhaps more than its due share of errors and of failur es. N umismatologists are often accused of a certain want of breadth in their studies ; but the history of the currency of our West Indian colonies is full of interest both from financial and numismatic stand­ points, and the future historian must be able to deal with it from both these points of view. Our older colonies in this quarter of the globe have passed through the various stages of barter, of metallic mediums, and of paper currencies, and in the second of these stages have used gold, silver and copper both at their intrinsic and at token valu es ; also, whilst allowing circulation to the coinages of many nations, they have been singularly destitute of any special issues of their own. Chief amongst these foreign coins have been those of Spain, and it is with the use of the Spanish dollar in our W est Indian Possessions that this short and, in the present state of our knowledge, necessaril y incomplete account deals. Situated as these islands were, surrounded by the American possessions of Spain-the resort alik e of those who carried on com­ merce with th ese possessions, and of buccaneers who, as occas ion 288 Th e Spanislz Dollar as Adapted for offered, preyed upon them and th eir ships; it was natural th at the Spanish dollar and its fracti ons sh ould form a large portion of their silver circulating medium.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Coins
    Australian coins – a fascinating history Pre 1770 The First Australians did not use money as we know it; they used a barter system, trading goods from one end of Australia to the other. Some popular trading items included special stones for making tools, coloured stones (ochres) used for painting, and precious pearl shells that came from the far north of Australia. 1788 The British sent the First Fleet to Australia to set up a penal colony. They didn’t send much money with the First Fleet because the convicts were not paid anything and the soldiers were supplied with goods for free from the Government Store. Besides, there were no shops! Most of the first coins used in Australia came from the pockets of the officers, sailors and convicts who settled in Australia. These coins included English sovereigns, shillings and pence; Spanish reales; Indian rupees and Dutch guilders. It wasn’t long before there were coins in Australia from all over the world. Almost any coin (no matter which country it was from or what it was made out of) ended up being used as money in Australia. Dutch guilders 1800 As the Australian population grew, a proper money system was needed. There needed to be enough money to go around, and people had to know exactly what each coin was worth. Governor King tried to solve the problem by making a proclamation, fixing the value of all of the different coins in the colony. These became known as the ‘Proclamation Coins’. However, there were still problems. There simply weren’t enough coins, and many trading ships took precious coins out of the colony as payment for cargo.
    [Show full text]