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Communism and Post-Communism in Romania : Challenges to Democratic Transition
TITLE : COMMUNISM AND POST-COMMUNISM IN ROMANIA : CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION AUTHOR : VLADIMIR TISMANEANU, University of Marylan d THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FO R EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE VIII PROGRA M 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N .W . Washington, D .C . 20036 LEGAL NOTICE The Government of the District of Columbia has certified an amendment of th e Articles of Incorporation of the National Council for Soviet and East European Research changing the name of the Corporation to THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH, effective on June 9, 1997. Grants, contracts and all other legal engagements of and with the Corporation made unde r its former name are unaffected and remain in force unless/until modified in writin g by the parties thereto . PROJECT INFORMATION : 1 CONTRACTOR : University of Marylan d PR1NCIPAL 1NVEST1GATOR : Vladimir Tismanean u COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 81 1-2 3 DATE : March 26, 1998 COPYRIGHT INFORMATIO N Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funded by contract with the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research . However, the Council and the United States Government have the right to duplicate an d disseminate, in written and electronic form, this Report submitted to the Council under thi s Contract, as follows : Such dissemination may be made by the Council solely (a) for its ow n internal use, and (b) to the United States Government (1) for its own internal use ; (2) for further dissemination to domestic, international and foreign governments, entities an d individuals to serve official United States Government purposes ; and (3) for dissemination i n accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of the United State s Government granting the public rights of access to documents held by the United State s Government. -
Romania Redivivus
alexander clapp ROMANIA REDIVIVUS nce the badlands of neoliberal Europe, Romania has become its bustling frontier. A post-communist mafia state that was cast to the bottom of the European heap by opinion- makers sixteen years ago is now billed as the success story Oof eu expansion.1 Its growth rate at nearly 6 per cent is the highest on the continent, albeit boosted by fiscal largesse.2 In Bucharest more politicians have been put in jail for corruption over the past decade than have been convicted in the rest of Eastern Europe put together. Romania causes Brussels and Berlin almost none of the headaches inflicted by the Visegrád Group—Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia— which in 1993 declined to accept Romania as a peer and collectively entered the European Union three years before it. Romanians con- sistently rank among the most Europhile people in the Union.3 An anti-eu party has never appeared on a Romanian ballot, much less in the parliament. Scattered political appeals to unsavoury interwar traditions—Legionnairism, Greater Romanianism—attract fewer voters than do far-right movements across most of Western Europe. The two million Magyars of Transylvania, one of Europe’s largest minorities, have become a model for inter-ethnic relations after a time when the park benches of Cluj were gilded in the Romanian tricolore to remind every- one where they were. Indeed, perhaps the aptest symbol of Romania’s place in Europe today is the man who sits in the Presidential Palace of Cotroceni in Bucharest. Klaus Iohannis—a former physics teacher at a high school in Sibiu, once Hermannstadt—is an ethnic German head- ing a state that, a generation ago, was shipping hundreds of thousands of its ‘Saxons’ ‘back’ to Bonn at 4,000–10,000 Deutschmarks a head. -
Absurdistan Refacut Cu Headere Ultimul.P65
Dorin Tudoran (n. 30 iunie 1945, Timi[oara). Absolvent al Facult\]ii de Limb\ [i Literatur\ Român\ a Universit\]ii din Bucure[ti, pro- mo]ia 1968. Este Senior Director, pentru Comunicare [i Cercetare, membru al conducerii executive a Funda]iei Interna]ionale IFES, Washington D.C., Statele Unite, [i redactor-[ef al revistei democracy at large. C\r]i de poezie: Mic tratat de glorie (1973), C`ntec de trecut Akheronul (1975), O zi `n natur\ (1977), Uneori, plutirea (1977), Respira]ie artificial\ (1978), Pasaj de pietoni (1978), Semne particulare (antologie, 1979), De bun\ voie, autobiografia mea (1986), Ultimul turnir (antologie, 1992), Optional Future (1988), Viitorul Facultativ/Optional Future (1999), T`n\rul Ulise (antologie, 2000). C\r]i de publicistic\: Martori oculari (`n colaborare cu Eugen Seceleanu, 1976), Biografia debuturilor (1978), Nostalgii intacte (1982), Adaptarea la realitate (1982), Frost or Fear? On the Condition of the Romanian Intelectual (traducere [i prefa]\ de Vladimir Tism\neanu, 1988), Onoarea de a `n]elege (antologie, 1998), Kakistokra]ia (1998). Pentru unele dintre c\r]ile sale, autorul a primit Premiul Uniunii Scriitorilor (1973, 1977, 1998), Marele Premiu al Asocia]iilor Scriitorilor Profesioni[ti ASPRO (1998), Premiul Uniunii Scriitorilor din Republica Moldova (1998), Premiul revistei Cuv`ntul Superlativele anului (1998). I s-a decernat un Premiu Special al Uniunii Scriitorilor (1992) [i este laureatul Premiului ALA pe anul 2001. www.polirom.ro © 2006 by Editura POLIROM Editura POLIROM Ia[i, B-dul Carol I nr. 4, P.O. BOX 266, 700506 Bucure[ti, B-dul I.C. Br\tianu nr. 6, et. -
Endc Proceedings 12/2009
ENDC PROCEEDINGS 12/2009 ■ ENGLISH SUMMARIES 3 ESTONIAN NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE CULTURAL, PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES SERIES ■ SERIES EDITORS: ANDRES SAUMETS AND ALAR KILP VOLUME 1: RELIGION AND POLITICS IN MULTICULTURAL EUROPE: PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES Alar Kilp and Andres Saumets Proceedings 12/2009 EXECUTIVE EDITOR: Andres Saumets (Estonia) EDITORIAL BOARD: Ken Kalling (Estonia) Alar Kilp (Estonia) Peeter Kukk (Estonia) Rain Liivoja (Finland) Enno Mõts (Estonia) Erik Männik (Estonia) Andreas Pawlas (Germany) Claus Freiherr von Rosen (Germany) Volker Stümke (Germany) LANGUAGE EDITORS: Reet Hendrikson (Estonia) Karen Kuldnokk (Estonia) Epp Leete (Estonia) Roy Lowthian (United Kingdom) EDITORIAL COUNCIL: Aarne Ermus (Estonia) Wilfried Gerhard (Germany) Rudolf Hamann (Germany) Jakob Kübarsepp (Estonia) Ants Laaneots (Estonia) Raul Mälk (Estonia) Ago Pajur (Estonia) Eric Allan Sibul (USA) Villu Tamul (Estonia) Peeter Tulviste (Estonia) Matti Turtola (Finland) ISSN 1736–0242 ISBN 978–9985–9513–7–8 Copyright: Estonian National Defence College, 2009 Tartu University Press www.tyk.ee CONTENTS ■ FOREWORD ............................................................................................ 9 RELIGION AND POLITICS IN MULTICULTURAL EUROPE Alar Kilp and Andres Saumets ................................................................ 13 1. Theoretical Considerations .................................................................. 18 1.1. Culture ......................................................................................... -
Political Ideology and Fiscal Policy. the Case of Romania
POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AND FISCAL POLICY. THE CASE OF ROMANIA Tudor CIUMARA, PhD* Abstract The main question asked in this paper regards the possible influence of political ideology on the fiscal policy measures proposed and implemented by the Romanian government. We observe the political affiliation of the ministers of finance and the positioning of their parties on the left-right axis. We find there is a certain equilibrium in terms of the duration the Ministry of Finance portfolio was occupied by a representative of the centre-left versus centre-right parties. The analysis of the influence of ideology on policy is complicated by external facts such as political, social and economic context. Keywords: government, finance, political party JEL Classification: D72, E62, G18 The easiest way of segmenting the political spectrum is to use the left-right axis. A preferred field of displaying the ideological orientation of the politicians is the economic one, largely the fiscal area. Normally, we can expect a “left-wing” government to be more interventionist, to promote a fiscal policy relying on larger deficits, while the “right-wing” government is expected to promote a policy of state withdrawal from the economy and to reduce the budget deficits. Theoretically, the left-wing governments might be expected to direct their fiscal policy in a counter-cyclical manner, more restrictive during the periods with low unemployment rates, and in a stimulative manner during the periods with high unemployment rates. Similarly, the right- wing governments might be inclined towards a pro-cyclical approach, in which the fiscal policy stimulates during the periods of boom and restricts during the periods of crisis. -
Programme Energy Union – Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Energy in Central and South East Europe
In cooperation with With the support of Programme Energy Union – Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Energy in Central and South East Europe Romania ENERGY DAY 2015 At the European Parliament in Brussels Date: Tuesday 26 May 2015: 10:00 – 15:30 Venue: European Parliament, Rue Wiertz, B-1000 Brussels, Entrance 10 – JAN, Room 6Q1 (a.m.) and 3G3 (p.m.) Mesaje de deschidere la 10:00 Opening messages at 10:00 HIGH LEVEL OPENING KEYNOTES 9:30 – 10:00 Welcome Coffee Bun Venit si Introducere Welcome and Introduction Corneliu BODEA Corneliu BODEA Presedinte President Centrul Roman al Energiei Romanian Energy Center Theodor STOLOJAN Theodor STOLOJAN Comitetul Economic si Afaceri Monetare Committee on Economic and Monetary Affair Parlamentul European European Parliament Jerzy BUZEK Jerzy BUZEK - Video Presentation Comitetul pentru Industrie, Cercetare si Energie Committee on Industry, Research & Energy Parlamentul European European Parliament Victor NEGRESCU Victor NEGRESCU Comitetul Pentru Bugete Committee on Budgets Parlamentul European European Parliament E.S. Dl. Mihnea Ioan MOTOC H.E. Mr. Mihnea Ioan MOTOC Ambasador Extraordinar si Plenipotentiar, Reprezentanta Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Permanent Permanenta a Romaniei pe langa Uniunea Europeana Representative of Romania to the European Union Reprezentant al Cabinetului Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ Representing the Cabinet of Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ Vicepresedinte Energy Union Vicepresident Energy Union Comisia Europeana European Commission Catharina SIKOW-MAGNY Catharina SIKOW-MAGNY Sef de Unitate Head of Unit DGE Piata Interna I: Retele si Initiative Regionale EDG Energy Internal Market I: Networks and Regional initiatives Comisia Europeana European Commission Dan GHEORGHIU Dan GHEORGHIU Consilier Energie Senior Adviser on Energy Cabinetul Primimului Ministru Victor PONTA Cabinet of Prime Minister Victor PONTA Guvernul Romaniei Government of Romania Romanian Energy Center – CRE • Rue Montoyer 23 • B-1050 Bruxelles•www.crenerg.org Centrul Român al Energiei – CRE • Str. -
Philo-Germanism Without Germans. Memory, Identity, and Otherness in Post-1989 Romania
Durham E-Theses Philo-Germanism without Germans. Memory, Identity, and Otherness in Post-1989 Romania CERCEL, CRISTIAN,ALEXANDRU How to cite: CERCEL, CRISTIAN,ALEXANDRU (2012) Philo-Germanism without Germans. Memory, Identity, and Otherness in Post-1989 Romania, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4925/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Philo-Germanism without Germans. Memory, Identity, and Otherness in Post-1989 Romania Cristian-Alexandru Cercel PhD School of Government and International Affairs Durham University 2012 3 Abstract The recent history of the German minority in Romania is marked by its mass migration from Romania to Germany, starting roughly in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War and reaching its climax in the early 1990s, following the fall of Communism. Against this background, the present thesis investigates a phenomenon that can be termed “philo-Germanism without Germans”, arguing that the way the German minority in Romania is represented in a wide array of discourses is best comprehended if placed in a theoretical framework in which concepts such as “self-Orientalism”, “intimate colonization” and other related ones play a key role. -
On the Nature of the Romanian Political Regime
www.ssoar.info On the nature of the Romanian political regime: reflections on the recent jurisprudence of the constitutional court Carp, Radu Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Carp, R. (2013). On the nature of the Romanian political regime: reflections on the recent jurisprudence of the constitutional court. Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review, 13(3), 411-425. https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-447247 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de On the Nature of the Romanian Political Regime 411 On the Nature of the Romanian Political Regime Reflections on the Recent Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court RADU CARP The participation to the European Council, an issue that generated vivid debates during the summer of 2012 and it was one of the episodes that have amplified the conflict between the Prime Minister and the President which culminated with the suspension from office of the former and the referendum that invalidated the suspension, has led to the emergence of another topic that unfortunately did not benefit from the same intensity in the public debate: the nature of the Romanian political regime. Since the issue had not been permanently clarified within the public law doctrine, the Constitutional Court has added a new episode concerning the clarification of this regime. -
00 Obsah 15.3.2005 8:25 Page 1
00 obsah 15.3.2005 8:25 Page 1 Central European Parliaments: First Decade of Democratic Experience and the Future Prospective 00 obsah 15.3.2005 8:25 Page 2 This publication was supported by the Academy of Science of the Czech Republic under the research project „Documentary Center for Parliamentary Research“ registration number S7028003. This publication was supported by the Academy of Science of the Czech Republic under the research program „ The Program of Development of Basic Research in the Key Areas of Science “ registration number K9058117. Published by Institute of Sociology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 2004. First edition © Zdenka Mansfeldová, David M. Olson, Petra Raku‰anová (editors.) ISBN 80-7330-067-2 00 obsah 15.3.2005 8:25 Page 3 Central European Parliaments: First Decade of Democratic Experience and the Future Prospective 00 obsah 15.3.2005 8:25 Page 4 ContentsContents Preface Zdenka Mansfeldová, David M. Olson, Petra Raku‰anová . 6 Section I. Parliamentary Research Agenda Members of the German Bundestag in Perspective: Recruitment, Representation, and European Integration across Time and Countries Bernhard Wessels . 10 The Politics between Parliament and Government – the Institutional Framework and the Reality within the Czech Parliament Zdenka Mansfeldová . 28 Section II. Parliaments and the Processes of Globalization and Europeaniazation Parliaments of Central and Eastern European Candidate Countries and the EU Enlargement Jindfii‰ka Syllová, Petr Koláfi. 48 Changing Functions of National Parliaments Drago Zajc. 60 Measuring and Comparing the Powers of Legislatures Edward Schneier. 76 4 00 obsah 15.3.2005 8:25 Page 5 Section III. -
Italian Historical Migration and Investments in Modern-Day Romania
CA' FOSCARI UNIVERSITY OF VENICE UNIVERSITY OF HOHENHEIM Double Degree Laurea Magistrale in Economia e gestione delle aziende Master of Science in International Business and Economics Department of Management Associate Professor Dr. Giovanni Favero Master-Thesis Italian Historical Migration and Investments in Modern-day Romania Liviu Constantin Jakob 848196 / 425517 [email protected] [email protected] Venice, October 9th 2014 1 Executive Summary The present master thesis analyses the common historical and economic relationship between Italy and Romania, two countries of Latin origin that have been both founded by the middle of the 19th century, through the unification of different former states of same roots, language, culture and history. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter covers the middle ages and then the period from the 19th century until 1945, when Italian craftsmen, especially from the provinces of North-Eastern Italy, came to the newly established Romanian Kingdom, laying the foundation for the nowadays officially recognized Italian minority in Romania. The second chapter presents the economic and social relationships between Italy and Romania during the time of the communist regime, which was imposed to Romania by the Soviet Union after World War 2 and lasted until the end of 1989. Chapter three presents the status of the Italian minority after the revolution of 1989 and until today. After the fall of the Iron Curtain, the markets of the former communist states in Eastern Europe were opened to western products and investments. Also Romania opened its economy step by step during the transitional period from communism to capitalism and free market. -
The Lack of Change in Leadership Election in Romania
Keeping the Doors Closed: Leadership Selection in Post-Communist Romania Sergiu Gherghina Institute of Political Science Leiden University [email protected] Mihail Chiru Department of Political Science Central European University [email protected] Maria Pop Department of Applied Law University of Pisa [email protected] Paper prepared for the 25 th Annual Conference of the Italian Society of Political Science Palermo, September 8-10, 2011 Workshop: “Roberto Michels revisited (1911-2011): Partiti, leadership e membership. Un equilibrio ancora in costruzione” Abstract: Our paper is the first systematic exploration of the leadership selection process in the Romanian party system. We use process-tracing and qualitative tools, employing data from party statutes and documents of the national conventions. We focus on the parliamentary political parties throughout the entire post- communism period. The analysis shows that nothing has changed at the level of centralization of decision and inclusiveness with the members’ involvement remaining marginal in all parties. The competitiveness of the internal elections presents a more diverse and dynamic picture. We propose a novel typology for cross-cases comparisons that illustrates the association between informal decentralization and increased competitiveness. Second, we advance explanations for the persistence of the ‘exclusiveness’ status quo, that take into account intra-organizational, institutional and exogenous factors. Introduction The fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) coincided with the (re)appearance of multi-party systems where independent actors had the chance to form elected governments. As first post-communist institutional actors, the political parties grew on the crude soil of no prior competition (Kitschelt 1992; Mair 1997), lack of representation, and any democratic experience for half of century (Lewis 1996). -
Post-Communist Romania
Political Science • Eastern Europe Carey Edited by Henry F. Carey Foreword by Norman Manea “Henry Carey’s collection captures with great precision the complex, contradic- tory reality of contemporary Romania. Bringing together Romanian, West European, and American authors from fields as diverse as anthropology, politi- Romania cal science, economics, law, print and broadcast journalism, social work, and lit- ROMANIA SINCE 1989 erature, the volume covers vast ground, but with striking detail and scholarship and a common core approach. Romania since 1989 provides perhaps the most comprehensive view of the continuing, murky, contested reality that is Romania today and is a must read for any scholar of modern Romania, of East-Central Europe, and of the uncertain, troubled, post-socialist era.” since 1989 —David A. Kideckel, Central Connecticut State University Sorin Antohi “The wealth of detail and quality of insights will make this an excellent source- Wally Bacon book for students of political change after the Cold War. It should be taken seri- Gabriel Ba˘ descu ously by policy practitioners increasingly involved with Romania’s problems.” Zoltan Barany —Tom Gallagher, Professor of Peace Studies, Bradford University, U.K. Politics, Jóhanna Kristín Birnir Larry S. Bush Those who study Romania must confront the theoretical challenges posed by a Economics, Pavel Câmpeanu country that is undergoing a profound transformation from a repressive totali- Henry F. Carey tarian regime to a hazy and as yet unrealized democratic government. The most and Society Daniel Da˘ ianu comprehensive survey of Romanian politics and society ever published abroad, Dennis Deletant this volume represents an effort to collect and analyze data on the complex prob- Christopher Eisterhold lems of Romania’s past and its transition into an uncertain future.