Forest Pest Conditions in California I 1994

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FOREST PEST CONDITIONS IN CALIFORNIA I 1994

A Publication of the California Forest PestCouncil THE CALIFORNIA FOREST PBST COUNCIL

The California Forest Pest Council (formerly the The California Board of Forestry recognizes the California Forest Pest Control Actlon Council) was Council as an advisory body in forest pest protec- established in 1951. Membership is open to public tion. The Council is a participating member ln the and private forest managers, for€ster:s,silvicultur- Western Forest Pest Committee of the Western For- ists, entomologists, pathologists, zoologists, and oth- estry and Conservation Association. ers intercsted in the protection of forests from damage caused by animals, disease,insects, and This report FORBST PEST CONDITIONS IN weeds. The Councll's obJective is to establlsh, main- CALIFORNIA - 1994, is compiled for public and pri- tain, and imprcve communication among individuals vate forest land managers to keep them informed of -- rnanagens,adnrinlstrators, and rcsearchers -- who pest conditions on forcsted land ln California, and as are concerned with these lssues. This obJectiveis ac- an hlstorical record of pest trends and occurrences. complished by four actions: The report is based largely on information provided by four sources: (1) the state-wide Cooperative Pest 1. Coordination of detectlon, reporting, and Survey, in which federal, state, and private foresters compilation of pest danrage information. and land rnanagers participate, (2) lnformation gen- erated by Forest Pest Management Pacific South- west Region, USDA-Forcst Servlce, while making 2. Evaluation of pest conditions. formal detection suryeys and biological evaluations, (3) reports and surveys ofconditions on private provlded personnel 3. Pest control recommendations made to forest lands by of the California De- partment (4) management agencies and landowners. of Forestry and Fire Protection, and surveys and detections of the California Department of Food and Agriculture. 4. Review of policy, legal, and research aspectsof forest pest control, and submission of This report was prepared, published and distributed recom.rnendations thereon to appropriate by the California Department of Forestry and Fire authorities. Protection with tbe cooperation of the Council's Standing Committees.

Allen Robertson.Editor-in- Chief

Steve Jones, Editorial Committee Chair I

FOREST PEST CONDITONS IN CALIFORNIA . 1994

TABLB OF CONTENTS

Section Page

TI]E CALIFORNIAFOREST PEST COUNCIL ...... i

STATUSAND CONTROLOFrNSECTS...... 3

STATUSAND CONTROLOF DISEASE ...... 15

STATUSAND CONTROLOF ANIMALS...... ,...... 23

STATUSAND CONTROLOF WEEDS ...... 35

SURVEYSAND EVALUATIONS ...... 37

FORESTPESTDETECTIONREFORTFORM...... 45

COUNCILAND COMMITTEEOFFICERS.. ,,...... 47 T994FOREST PEST CONDITIONS

EXBCUTIVE SUMMARY

Bark beetles. Bark beetle caused tree mortality contin- of the Plumas National Forests experienced the highest ued from the Inyo National Forest and Lake Tbhoe levels of pine mortality . northward through the east side of the northern Sierra Nevada and the southem Cascade Mountains. The fir en- Pitch canker. Pirch canker, was detected in all three of graver beetle on true firs and Jeffrey pine beetle on Jef- Califomia's native Monterey pine stands. Infections on frey pine accounted for much of the mortality. True fir Bishop pine in southernMendocino County were also mortality was often in excess of 3U50Vo of the stand in reported. In coastal Santa Cruz County, ornamental specific areas. Mortality of ponderosa pine from attacks plantings of Douglas-fr are infected but the diseasehas by western pine bee0e occurred from northern lassen not spreadinto a neighboring native Douglas-fir stand. County westward to the Sacramento River. Mountain pine beetle continued to kill sugar pine throughout northem California. Mortality along the western side of Mistletocs. Dwarf mistletoes infest 2.2 million acresof the Sierra Nevada conlinued to decline, particularly in National Forest lands in California. Their effects on the south. treeshave intensified due to continued drought stress.

Defollators. Populations of defoliators continued at Root diseases. Trees continued to be predisposed to low or endemic levels. Trap catchesof Douglas-fir tus- bark beetle attack by a variety of root diseases including sock moth remained low and defoliation was not ob- black stain and annosusroot disease. I-ong-term loss of served. The recent outbreak of white fir sawfly declined site productivity is one of the most serious conse- to minor defoliation in a small portion of l,assen quencesof thesepathogens. County. Lighg localized infestations of black pineleaf portions scale remain in of Siskiyou, Shasta and l:ssen White Pine Blister RusL In general, levels of blister Counties. rust were very low on Ribes speciesthroughout northern Califomia becauseof the dry conditions during the Drought Moisture stresscontinued to be aprimary summer. Infections on sugar pine from previous years cause of tree mortality throughout nortlern California. are widespreadthroughout the mixed-conifer forest. In most areas, levels of tree mortality were elevated, with all species affected some pine to extent. Sugar Animal Damage. A variety of mammal specieshave mortality levels were high throughout range. their west- caused damage to forest trees. The damage varies by re- ern white pines River (Del along the Smith Norte gion of the stateand by land ownership. All of Califor- County) levels also experienced high of mortality. nia's major timber producing regions and timber types White fir mortality was especially severe in the eastside have reported damage by vertebrate species. Species pine mixed-conifer and sites of northeasternCalifornia. most commonly identified as causing problems were These insecs trees were attackedby in the summer and deer,pocket gopher,domestic stock, rabbits and hares, fall of 1993. Jeffrey ponderosapine and mortality also porcupine, woodrat and black bear. increasedin 1994. The Modoc, Lassen (Eagle I-ake and FIat Creek Ranger Districts), and the northern districts 2 I

STATUSAND CONTROL OF INSECTS

A REPORT TO THE CALIFORNTA FOREST PEST COTJNCILFROM THE INSECT COMMITTEE

BRUCE ROET'TGERING,CIHIR

LAURA MBRITILL, SECRETARY STATUS AND CONTROL OF INSECTS

WESTERN PINE BEETLE,. Dendroctonus brevi- was observed in the Blacks Mountain Experimental For- comis est. Westernpine beetle is continuing to causemortality of mid- to larger-diameterponderosa pines along High- way 44 on the [Iat Creek and Eagle l-ake Ranger Dis- North Coast. The western pine beetlekilled more than tricts of the Lassen National Forest. 100 trees in the combined areas of Middletown, Cobb High Valley, I-ock l-omond, Pillsbury Valley, and kke Sierra. Pine mortality associatedwith western pine bee- in I-ake Nearly fifty were killed near Men- County. trees tle activity continued to decline relative to the high Pass north Redwood Val- docino east of Covelo and of drought-relatedlevels experiencedbetween 1989-1992 ley, Mendocino County. in most westsidepine and mixed-conifer areasin the soulhern Sierra Nevada. Northern. Ponderosapine infested with overwintering broods of western pine beetle began to fade quite eady in the spring of 1994. Drought competition, dwarf mis- PII\E ENGRAVER BEETLES, /ps spp. tletoe, and root diseasecontributed to ree mortality. Several general trends became apparent. Ponderosa pine mortality was high, including some areaswhich North Coast. Pine engraversattacked 36 ponderosa rarely show much mortality, such as the Sacramento pine north of Redwood Valley, and six ponderosapine River Canyon from Lakehead to Dunsmuir. Ponderosa near Spy Roc\ Mendocino County. Forty Monterey pine mortality increasedfrom west troeast acrossnorth- pines were killed in Redwood Valley, and24 were killed em Califomia and in nortleastern California was most south of LJkiah,Mendocino County. In Lake County, 25 evident in the old, pre-dominant"overstory trees,along ponderosapine were attackednear Loch l-omond and with some small groups of large pole and small sawtim- 16 ponderosapine were attacked in Cobb Valley. ber-size trees.

Northern. Some of the areaswhich had widespread More specifically, western pine beetle activity in ponder- snow breakageduring the spring of 1993 had ponderosa osa pine increasedthis year on drier sites. In Siskiyou pine tops fading during the spring of 1994. Top-killing County, active infestations of the westem pine beetle of groups of ponderosapine on McCloud Flats, Siski- were noted near the community of Horse Creek, on you County, was causedby the California hve-spined Soap Creek Ridge, and in mature treesin the Yreka ips,Ips paraconfusus.Top-killing and saplingmortality cemetery. In Trinity County, infestations were noted in had been anticipated in these same areas during the sum- the vicinity of Lewiston and on Mikes Peak. In Shasta mer and fall of 1993 and their absencewas specifically County, western pine beetle activity remains high from noted last year. In general,engraver beetles were found Bumey eastward.Ponderosa pines in both Bumey Falls in pines that were under attack by other bark beetles. and Castle Crags State Parks, ShastaCounty, were killed by the beetle. A lowered water table due to Sierra. pine drought was the probable causefor treesdying on Exceptional engraver activity was not reported coarse,well-drained soils bordering Castle Creek. from the westside southern Sierra Nevada. In- pinyon pine North of Thomes Creek in TehamaCounty, western creasing mortality was observedon the pine and red turpentine beetles continued to attack pon- eastsideof the Siena Nevadabetween Minden/Gard- (Mono derosapine on the dry south-facing slope of the drain- nerville @ouglas County, NV) and June [.ake probably pinyon age. Ongoing tree mortality has been noted in this area County), and was associatedwith ips (1. since its detection by aerial survey in 1987. confusus)activity.

Low levels of westem pine beetle relatedmortality in ponderosa pine were reported from the north central FIR ENGRAVER, Scolytusventralis. part of the Plumas National Forest, and the east side of the Tahoe National Forest. ln northern l-assen County, North Coast.This engraverkilled or degradedten large groups of ponderosapine killed by the westernpine bee- grandfir nearthe mouth of the NavarroRiver, Mendo- tle are scatteredacross thousandsof acressouth of State cino Counfy. Many of the attiackedtrees were infected Highway 299 onBig Valley Mountain. Also in lassen with Amfllaria root disease. County, numerous groups of dead ponderosapine are apparentalong State Highway 36 betweenwestwood and Fredonyer Pass,and some ponderosapine mortality Northern. The subjective opinion expressedby some mentinclude Fredonyer Pass, Pegleg Mountain, Ante- observers of white fir mortality in northern Califomia is lopeMountain, and the Thousand Lakes Wilderness. that the number of white fir trees which faded in 1994 High levelsof fr mortalitywere also reported from sev- might have been slightly lower than 1993, but estimates eral areasin Modoc County. Approximately42,000 of mortality volumes do not substantiatethis opinion acresof theWamer Mountain Ranger District, Modoc (Table 1). Continued high levels of mortality were evi- NationalForest" have exfremely high levelsof white fir mortality. Otler locations include the nu- merousnorth-south ridges around Adin in Beetleswithin the National Forest Table 1. Mortaliw from Bark Modoc and I-assenCounties. Mortality has - System, California 1994" ceasedon some of the sites which had high Pineb True Fir white fu mortality over the past couple of Acres of MMBF Acres of MMBF years. Some stands have been reduced to Loca]e Mortalitv Mortality only a few non-host, and a few residual white fir treesper acre. Fbr example, on Jimmerson Mountain, Modoc County, the Northern 230,7W 342.7 174,1Off 299.9 number of white fir have been so drastically California reduced tirough the course of the drought that few treesremain to be killed. Cascade/ 65,800 114.3 383,300 493.1 No. Sierra Tables I and 1A give a comparison of estimated lossesover the past two years.Table lA was included becausea formatting and CentraV 85,100 201.4 35,100 82.7 computation error gave an incorrect picture So. Sierra of lossesin 1993as shown in the "1993 For- est PestConditions in California." There- Southern t43,400 60.0 94,900 20.7 fore, Thble 1A supersedesTable I in the 1993reprt. Califomia

Total 525,000 718.4 677,4ffi 896.4 Slerra. True fir mortality and lop-kill associated witb tie fir engraver conlinued at a. Mortality is seldomfrom bark beetlesalone as other factors (eg. low levels throughout most of the westside drought)and agents (eg. root diseases)predispose trees to southem Sierra Nevada. However, parts of successfulattack. the t ake Thhoe Basin and the eastem Sierra b. Includesponderosa, Jeffrey, sugar, and lodgepole pines. between Mammoth l-akes and l-ee Vining (Mono c. IncludesDouglas-fir. County) had relatively high levels of red and white fir mortalil.v. dent throughoutthe true fir componentfrom the Thhoe National Forestnorth to the Modoc NationalForest. RED TURPENTINE BEETLE. Dendroctonusva- Fast of the SierraCrest, the ThhoeNational Forest con- lens. tinued to havelarge amountsof true fir mortality. Due to the relatively dry winter of 1993-1994,additional white firs were attackedthis year on the eastside of the NorthCoast. This barkbeetle infested ponderosa pine PlumasNational Forest.Fir engraverin white fir and Jef- attackedby pine engraversand/or western pine beetles. frey pine beetle in Jeffreypine havecontibuted to a dra- Over 60 Montereypines located south of Ukiah and in nratic increasein mortality over the pastthree years in RedwoodValley, Mendocino County, were infestedwith the upperBoulder Creekwatershed and along the ex- redturpentine beetle and eventually killed by pine en- tremeeastem escarpment between Antelope Lake and graverbeetles. FrenchmanLake on the Plunas andLassen County bor- der. In someareas, portions of entire drainagesare com- Northern. Freshactivity as a resultof red turpentine pletely dead. The eastside of the PlumasNational beetleattacks w:rs very prevalentin north centralCali- Foresthas 60,m0 acresof true fu undercontract, but fomia. Very dry conditionsin locationssuch as dueto marketconditions onlv 10 to l5%oof theseacres McCloudFlats, Siskiyou County, resulted in all species may be logged. of pinebark beetles producing only dry red frass. It wasdifficult to detemrinefrom extemalsymptoms Specific areasof frue fr mortality, often in excessof whetherbasal athcks were being caused by red turpen- 5O7oof the stan4 on the LassenNational Forest and on tinebeetle, westem pine beetle, or mountainpine beetle. the SusanvilleDisrict of the Bureauof t andManaee- Red turpentinebeetle adults were abundantenough to cause immediate attacks on surviving pines in two late MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, Dendroctonus pon- Septemberfres near Clair Engle Lake, Trinity County. derosae.

Attacks by this bark beetle were often found in conjunc- North Coast. Activity was rather limited in tion with westem pine beetle, mountain pine beetle and coastal areas. Mortality of two ponderosa pine in Redwood Val- Jeffrey pine beetle in northeasternCalifomia. Mortality ley, Mendocino County, and two ponderosapine directly related to this insect seemsto have subsidedin above lake Pillsbury, Lake reported, 1994. County, was along with the death of five sugar pine along Signal Ridge in Men- docino County. Sierra. Very high levels of red turpentine beetleactiv- ity in large (35 to 55+ inch dbh) sugar pine occurred on Northern. Sugar pine mortality causedby drougbt and the Pacific Ranger District @l Dorado County). The at- mountain pine beetle has continued or increasedacross tacked trees suffered varying levels of fire injury in northern California. Additional large, overstory trees 1992 during the Cleveland wildfire. Many of the at- were killed in previous years, was mor- tacked sugar pine have died, and others are expectedto as but there also tality in the relatively thrifty 20 to 80 year age class. die, from the number and extent of red turpentinebeetle Scatteredmortality continued throughout the host range attacks in the lower third of the bole. on the Plumasand LassenNational Forests and in Las- sen National Park. Notable increases were reported in Southern California. Pine mortality, mostly Coulter the vicinity of the Middle and South Forks of the pine, was reported from the Henniger Flats nursery fl-os FeatherRiver eastof Lake Oroville, Plumas and Butte Angeles County). The trees were damagedduring the Counties,in the Big Valley Mountains, Modoc and Las- Kinneloa Fire in October 1993 and were subsequently sen Counties,and near Pondos4 Siskiyou County. attacked by red turpentine beetlesand pine engravers. Dead and infested tre€s were salvagedand the stumps Lodgepole pine mortality has stabilized in some stands trcated with borax for prevention of infection by the fun- because a high percent2geof have gus causing annosusroot disease. such the stems al- ready been killed by mountain pine beetle. However, mortality in lodgepole phe re- Table lA. Mortality from Bark Beetleswithin the National Forest mains common on the Lassen National System, California - 19934 Forest in the small diameter size class. A Pineb True Fir significant proportion of the lodgepole Acres of MMBF Acres of MMBF pine around Little Crater l-ake in Lassen Locale Mortality Mortality County, including the campground, faded during 1994. I-odgepole pine mortality continued between Butte and Snag ["akes Northern 84,800 278.1 96,51ff 290.5 in Lassen National Park. Mountain pine California beetle was responsiblefor killing small groups of sapling to pole-size, drought- Cascade/ 34,300 172.1 r79,950 406.6d stressedponderosa pine in northeastem California. No. Sierra

Sierra. Mountain pine beetle activity was CentraV 163,600 305.5 111,950 l7t.l generally low throughout the Sierra Ne- So. Sierra vada. An exception was the Donner Me- morial State Park where mortality of Southern 62,800 &.2 16,590 tt.7 several thousand lodgepole pines occurred over the past two yean. Continuing lodge- Califomia pole pine mortality also was reported from locations in the Lake Thhoe Basin and the Totat 345.500 8&9 405.000 879.9 Iakes Basin area near Mammoth Lakes (Mono County), including Twin Lakes Campground. a. Table 1A supersedesTable I in the 1993report. b. Includesponderosa, Jeffrey, sugar, and lodgepole pines. Southern California. Activity of the c. IncludesDouglas-fir. mountain pine beetle in ponderosa and d. TF figure includesvolumes from 1992as well as 1993. sugar pine was at low levels. I

DOUGLAS-FIR BBETLE, Dendroctonuspseudot- andaround the Inyo Cratersand Deadman Summit ar- su8de. eason the MammothRanger District (Mono County).

North Coast. Several Douglas-firs were attacked in the ROUNDHEADED FIR BORER, Tetropium abietis. Open SpaceDistrict of San Mateo County along High- way 35. A combination of Douglas-fubeetle and flatheaded fir borer killed a very limited number of Northern. Roundheadedfir borer was a cornmon asso- Douglas-fr northwest of Willits, Mendocino County. ciate in true fir killed by the fir engraver beetle in most areas of northeastern California. Although it can readily Northern. Douglas-fr beetle has killed many of the be found in the basesof many trees, it is secondary in at- largest Douglas-firs on the Forest Service l-og Grading tack and trees killed by roundheads only were rare. plots near Castle l-ake in Siskiyou County. In addition to stress from extended drought" most of these trees had severedwarf mistletoe infections. Douglas-fir beetle FLATIIEADED FIR BORER, Melanophila drum- was purposely induced into attacking selected Douglas- mondi. frr trees in a test conducted in Siskiyou County in an area between Sawyen Bar and Cecilville. Two phero- North Coast. More than 20 Douglas-firs were attacked mone blends were compared in their ability to cause northwest of Willits, Mendocino County. A few of Douglas-flr beetle to fatally attack old dwarf mistletoe- thesetrees had black stain root disease. In Lake infected residual Douglas-frs left standing over young County, 25 Douglas-firs were killed near Middletown plantations. A three-componentcommercially available and in Cobb Valley. "trap bait" worked well. Northern. Many residual Douglas-hrs in the area of the old tlaystack burn (Klamath National Forest) in the JEFFREY PINE BEETLE, Dendrocrcnus jeffreyi. Humbug Creek drainagehave numerous clear pirch streamerson the bole. Checked trees displaying these symptoms had faidy mature larvae of the flatheaded hr Northern. Mortality causedby Jeffrey pine beetle at- borer in their cambial layer. tacks on drought-stressedtrees has been increasing for several years over much of northern California as far Attacks by the fir flatbeadedborer were the apparent south as the eastsideof the Tahoe National Forest. Spe- causeof recent Douglas-fir mortality near the commu- cific locations of current Jeffrey pine beetle attacksin- nity of Horse Creek, Siskiyou County. Some standsof clude several areaswithin LassenVolcanic National fir accumulatedmortality in excessof 507oduring the Park in Shastaand Lassen Counties: along Highway 89 recent yearsofdrought. Surrounding vegetationand between the Devastated Area and Manzanita l-ake, growth characteristicsof the frees suggeststhat these along the Pacific Crest Trail between the Twin Lakes Douglas-fin have suffered chronic moisture stress. On and Badger Mountain, and around the eastand souti Soap Creek Ridge, Siskiyou County, numerous Douglas- sides of Butte l-ake. Numerous spots occur on the Las- hr with poor crown characteristicsexhibited evidence of sen National Forest in ShastaCounty: along Highway attack by the borer, but no trees have died recently. 89 from the north entrance of Lassen Volcanic National Park to the Vista Point, and along the trail from the Thmarack Swale trailhead to Eiler Lake in the Thousand I-akes Wilderness. Groups of dead and dying Jeffrey CALIFORNIA FLATHEADED BORER. Melano- pine were seen from State Highways 36,44, and 139 in phila califurnica. Lassen County. Mortality of large overstory Jeffrey pine was high in the upper Boulder Creek watershedin the northeast comer of Plumas County. However,mor- Northern. This borer was cornmon in trees that had a]- tality in l-assen County in the areabound by Lost ready beenkilled by either mountain pine beetle or western pine beetle. There were no repor8 of woodborer Spring, Pole Spring, Duck Lake and Butte Creek @agle Lake Ranger District) continued at levels much lower activity alone causingmortality to pines. than reported in 1993.

Sierra. Mortality associatedwith the Jeffrey pine bee- DOUGLAS-FIR ENGRAVER, Sco lytu s unispino s u s. tle continued at high levels in the Lake ThhoeBasin and the Inyo National Forest. Particularly high concentra- North Coast. The Douglas-fir engraverattacked ten tions of mortality were evident in the SpoonerSummit Douglas-fin in Willits that were infected with black and Glenbrook areas on the east shore of Lake Thhoe stain root disease,and one Amfllaria-infected treein tochondrial DNA testing and the distance of l0 to 40 Brooktrails, MendocinoCounty. Two mite-infested miles from the nearest marine port to these finds. Douglas-firs were attackedin Lakeport,I:ke County, and tre€swere attackednear Middletown, I-ake three Oregon. I Seventy-eigbtmoths were detected in 1993 at County. The lattertrees did not haveany predisposing ten sites and three eradication projects were completed condition. in the spring of 1994. "The largest wx a 270 net acre aerial spray near Carver, Clackamas County. Three ap- plications were nade at this site by helicopter in May. GYPSY MOTH, Lymantria dispar. Ground sprays werc canied out at two smaller sites in Greater Portland: 1.25 acres at Palatine Hill (Mult- nomah County) and 7 acres in I:ke Grove, Clackamas Californla. Over 20,700gypsy moth trapswere de- County Clable 3). The biological insecticide B.t. was ployed and monitoredas part of Califomia's programto usedat all sites." detectand delimit Asianor North Americangypsy moth infestations.A total of l0 gypsymoths were trapped in nine countiesin 1994compared to 12 trappedin seven "Early detectionof new introductions continues to be countiesin 1993(Table 2). the main focus of the Oregon Deparfirent of Agricul- ture's detection program in order 0okeep eradication progr:uns as small as possible. Approxinrately 14,000 - Thble 2. Gypsy Moth Finds in California 1994 gypsy moth traps were placpd statewide in 1994. Thirty- nine moths were found by October 30, 1994 at four new and three old sites, all in westem Oregon (Table 3). Anaheim 1 07119194 Twenty-five moths came from an old site in Lane Angwin 1 071'19194 County where eight moths were caught in 1993, but no eradication Featments were made. Single catches were Berkeley 1 07106194 made near two of the three 1993 eradication sites." Cottonwood 1 07/21194 DNA testing indicated that none of the 39 moths were Encino 1 08/09/94 of the Asian strain. Fair Oaks 1 07120194 Grass Valley 1 08rcZ94 'l "Twelve detectionsin 1994 were likely the result of new Los Altos Hills 08/15/94 introductions and rot related to previous hnds. Litera- Monte Senano 1 08104194 ture distribution, information gathering regarding recent Santa Rosa 1 08/15/94 move-ins from the northeasternU.S., and egg mass TOTAL 10 searchingwere succ€ssfulat both the Jacksonville and Venetasites. A move-in from Maine was identified in Jacksonvilleand a travel trailer which visited infested Each location was investigated for possible association slateswas identified in Veneta. Eradication programs with "move-ins" from the gypsy moth infested areaof will be proposedfor thesetwo sites in 1995. The bio- the NortheasternUnited States. These investigations logical insecticide B.t. applied by ground or air has been did not verify this association. Visual surveyswere con- usedsuccessfully in all eradication programs since ducted on all ten properties and no additional life stages 1984. Other experimental eradication techniques such were detected. These ten areaswill be intensively as sterile insect releaseor application of NPV gypsy trapped at 25 traps per squiue mile, in a four-square- mot}r virus may be consideredfor use in 1995." mile area surrounding the find location, during the 1995 serNon.

DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, Orgyia All specimenswere analyzedfor possible Asian gypsy pseudotsugata. moth identification. The Fair Oaks, l,os Altos Hills, and Santa Rosa specimenswere identified positive as Asian gypsy moth. The normal four-square-mile intensive Northern and Sierra. Retrievalof 1994eady waming, trapping area around these finds will be maintained in pheromonetraps was timited by earlywinter storms. 1995. This action is basedon tie uncertainw of the mi- Datathat was collected does not indicateanv sienificant

Mudge,A.D., D.J. Hilbum, andKathleen J.R. Johnson. 1994. Gypsy moth detection,eradication, and quarantineprograms in Oregon.Oregon Dept. Agr., PlantDiv., Salem,OR 97310-0110.Presented at the AnnualGypsy Moth Review,Ocl 30 - Nov. 2, 1994,Portlanq OR. I

Thble 3. 1994 Gypsy Moth Detecfions ln Oregon

Slte No. Trap Denslty County Area Status GMs Denslty Status

Clackamas Carverl otd 1 16/sq ml (lncreased) Lake Grove2 otd 1 49/ sq ml (lncreased) tutt.Scott New 1 2-4l sq ml Coos Coos Bay New 1 tUsq ml Jackson Jacksonvllle New 7 Zsq ml (lncreased) Lane Veneta otd 25 49/sq ml (lncreased) Marlon Salem New 1 Zsq ml (lncreased) Multnoma East Portland New 2 2/sq ml (lncreased) Total 39 l.1994 eradicationsite, aerlal application B.t. 2. 1994eradlcation site, ground applicationB.L activityby the Douglas-firtussock moth in Califomia MODOC BUDWORM. Choristoneuraretiniana. for 1995. A completesummary of the 1994results will be providedin the 1995report. Northern. Little or no conspicuousdefoliation was notedin theWarner Mountains in Califomiathis year. have LODGEPOLE I\EEDLEMINER. Coleotechnites Light defoliationcould beenoverlooked because of extensivefaded foliage from white frr mortality. In milleri the Oregonportion of the WarnerMountains (Fremont NationalForest), light defoliationwas detected on the Sierra. The annual survey in YosemitePark, May 23 ro west-facingslope north of Lakeview,Oregon. June 3, found population densities at low levels that did not causevisible defoliation at all but two plots. Very high larval populations were found at May lake and A CALIFORNIA SPRUCEBUDWORM, Choris- Olmstead #1. Needleminer population densitiesin both toneuracarnana califu rnica. of these areas far exceeded the numben that can be sup- ported by tbe foli4ge available on the trees. Heavy to complete defoliation was anticipated at these wo plots Northern. Defoliationwas not observed. by September 1994 with the result that most of the lar- v:rc present will fail to reach naturity in 1995. This was the second time in the past four yean that these trees FALL WEBWORM, Hyphantria cunea. were defoliated. However, little or no mortality was anticipated. Needleminer survival at thesetwo plots may be low enough to end the outbreaks at thesesites. Northern. Webs were abundanton black walnut in riparian areas along the Sacramento River in Tehama The heavily used areas around TenayaLake and County. Tuolumne Meadows continued to be free of visible defoliation. However, the extensiveareas of defoliation in several back country locations reported in 1993 were WHITE FIR SAWFLY, Neodiprion nr. deleoni again visible and two areasof defoliation were visible and abietis along Highway l2O west of TenayaLake.

A total of eight larvae of tbe generation that matures in Northern. Theoutbreak of the white fir sawflybe- even numbered years was found at sevensites. This pro- tweenEagle Lake and [-ake Almanor, Lassen and Plu- vides continuing confirrnation of the existenceof an al- masCounties, is essentiallyover, although residual ternate year needleminer population at a density slightly populationsof thesawfly caused minor defoliation below the detection limit of the sampling system. (Ap- northof McCoyand Hog Flats. Light defoliationwas preciation is extended 0oDr. Tom Koerber, Entomologi- reportedfrom lhe CornazPeak area west of StateHigh- cal Services Co., Berkeley, for this infomration.) way 89, ShastaCounty. A PINE SAWFLY, Neodiprion nr. fulviceps. DOUGLAS-FIR TWIG WEEVIL, Cylindrocoptu- rusfurnissi.

Northern. No conspicuousdefoliation was noted in t994. North Coast. This tiny weevilcaused twig mortalityin severalhundred Douglas-fu Christmas trees in Yorkville,Mendocino County. TENT CATERPILLAR, Malacosoma sp.

PII\E REPRODUCTION WEEVIL, Cylindrocoptu- Sierra. Light-to-moderate defoliation of antelopebitter- rus eatoni. brush was observed over 1500 to 3000 acreson the Truckee Ranger District (Nevada County) in the vicinity of Hobart Mills and StampedeReservoir. Northern. Young ponderosapine in a plantation neiu Whitmore, ShastaCounry were damaged and killed by tbe pine reproduction weevil. BLACK PINELEAF SCALE, Nuculaspis califor- nica. Sierra. Scatteredmortality of ponderosapine reproduction that was causedby the pine reproduction weevil was noted in a few plantations on the Groveland Ranger Northern. A localized infesution of the black pineluf District in Tuolumne Countv. scale affected ponderosapines near Weed, Siskiyou County. Droughty site conditions and dust from an adja- cent mill's log sorting areaappear to be contributing to AMBROSIA BEETLE, Platypus the infestation. In the Burney Basin, ShastaCounty, wilsoni. black pineleaf scale populations have declined,but are still elevatedon some Eees,particularly along Black Sierra. No new activity was reported. Severalof the Ranch Road. I-ight infestations of the scalewerc re- firc-injured white hr attackedin 1993 by Platypus died ported on ponderosapine in the Pine Creek Valley west in 1994. of Logan Mountain, LassenCounty, ;urd in the vicinity of Cornaz Peak west of State Ilighway 89, Shasta County. DOUGLAS-FIR NEEDLB MIDGES, Contarinia spp- A TWIG BEETLE, Piltophothorus setosus North Coast. Douglas-fir needle midges infested Douglas-fir Chrisrnas trees in farms in Santa Clara and North Coast. This Monterey pine twig beetlekilled SantaCruz Counties. An infestation also was found in a lower crown branchesof a few hundred Monterey pines natual stand of Douglas-flr along Pine Ridge west of in the Del Monte Forest of Pebble Beach.Monterev Ukiah in Mendocino Countv. County.

WESTERN PINESHOOT BORER. Eucosma WEEVILS, Pissodes sp. sonomana.

North Coast. Weevils of this genusmined and killed Nodhern. An ongoing infestation of the westem pine terminals of Monterey pine saplings in southerncoastal shoot borer is causing reduced height growth of young Mendocino County and northem coastal Sonoma ponderosapine in plantations covering the Pondosa County. Bum eastof Pondosa,Siskiyou County. Many thousandsof acresare affected. A survey conducted late in 1993 showed20 to QVo of t€rminals were infesled. GOUTY PITCII MIDGE, Cecidomyiapiniinopsis. Similar levels of infestation were noted n 1994.

Northern. Levels of branch tip flagging appearedlow this year.

10 PII\IE NEEDLE SHEATHMII\ER. Tzlleria h.aim- CONIFER APHIDS, Cinara spp. bachi.

Northern. An outbreak of the pine needle sheathminer Northern. There were no recorded observationsof Ci- expanded in pine plantations covering the PondosaBurn nara aphids in northern California during 1994. east of Pondos4 Siskiyou County. Both ponderosaand Jeffrey pines are affected. Although the general area of infestation is estimated at more tban a thousand acres, heavy defoliation is restricted !o several hundred acres A WALKING STICK, Timemann califurnicum. on the east side of the burn. Only a small number of from rees on the east side of the bum exhibited damage North Coast. This walkingstick causeddefoliation the in 1993. sheathminer andtwig girdlingof Douglas-fr in a thirty to forty acre scandalong Rainbow Ridge in HumboldtCounty. Simi- lar damageoccurred in a narrow one-mile srerch of FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER, Archips argyrospi- PineRidge west of Ukiah,Mendocino County. The lus. fint andlast report of defoliationby this insectwas in 1980.

Populationson black oaks in the SanBernardino Moun- tainsappeared to be decliningcompared to 1993.How- ever,visible light to moderatedefoliation of blackoak BLLIEGUM PSYLLID, Ctenarytainaeucalypti. occurredon 80 acresin the MendenhallValley on Mt. Palomar(San Diego County), and it appeanthat this Northern. With a recenthnd in Eureka Humboldt population may be on the increase.These black oaksre- County,the insectnow occursin all coastalC-alifornia foliatedby mid-July. countiesexcept Del Norte(Cal. Plant Pest & Disease R.pott, I3Q-$:65. 1994.)

CALIFORNIA OAKWORM, P r- hryganidia califu Infestationson Eucalpytuspulverulenta (baby blue euca- nica lyptus)were significantly lower this yearin areaswhere the primary parasi0oidwasp, Psyllaeplwgus pilosus (8 Southern California. Light defoliation occurred to Noyes@ncyrtidae) was inuoduced in 1993 sitesin coast live oak on ML Palomar (San Diego County). thecounties of SanDiego, San Luis Obispo,Monterey, Alamedaand Sonoma). Psyllid levels at thesesites in 1994were well belowlevels achieved previously with spraytrea0nents, and did not causeeconomic damage. A GELECIilID LEAF SKELETONIZER. Thepsyllid wasstill aproblemin areasabout 20 miles Chionodestricho stola. from the 1993releases in MontereyCounty, but the parasitoidbegan arriving at tlis sitein largenumbers by mid-summerof 1994.The parasitoidappears to be Slerra. Damageto blueoak wasrecorded on a Forest spreadingrapidly to otherCalifornia counties. HealthMonitoring reference plot in El DoradoCounty.

On Eucalyptusglobulus (blue gum) the springpsyltid populationsat two sitesnear the 1993parasitoid re- ALDER FLEA BEETLE. Altica ambiens. leaseswere also significantly lower thanin 1993,and the parasitoidwas abundant. (Appreciation is extended Prof.Don Dahlsten,Div. Biological Southern Callfornia. In riparian zonesof the San Ber- to of Conrol, U. of for this information.) nardino and San Gabriel Mountains, there were reports Califomia" of alder defoliation that appear to be caused by alder flea beetle. In Mill Creek Canyon, San Bemardino County, a few hundred alders were affected with almost A GUM-TREE WEEVIL, Gonipterusscutellatus 100 killed. Causeof mortality was suspectedto be re- peated defoliation combined with roundheaded borer attack. Southern. This Australiannative was discovered for the first time in North America in VenturaCounty on March 14, 1994.The weevilis a severepest of eucalyptusin its nativeAustralia. and it oftencauses severe injury to eucalyptusin areaswhere it is introduced.

11 Laruae feed as miners for a time, then exit to feed on the AFRICANIZED IIONEY BB.F,, Apis mellifera leaf surface as a skeletonizer. Older larvae chew down scutellata the leaf edges to produce the most noticeableinjury edge-notching. Southern. The Africanized honey bee made its official on 1994. While the damage can be severe,the importation of an entry into the Stateof California October U, A naturally migrating (venus hunran-assisted egg parasitehas brought effective control tromost coun- swarm a was found killed tries where introduction has occurred. The parasiteis swarm) and at the Chuckwalla State Prison miles Bee the Mymarid wasp, Anaphoidea nitens (Calif. Dept. 20 west of Blythe. movement unex- pectedly 1994,presumably Food & Agr. 1994. Calif. Ptant Pest& DiseaseRept. slowed in becauseof the r3(r-2):4-7). lack of forage in the Colorado Desert, where rainfall was light last season,because of parasitism by the Var- roa mite, and becauseof competition from managed hives and desert-adaptedEuropean bees. No swarrns have been found in forested areas of the state thus far.

12 Thble 4. Insects of Lesser Importance in California - 1994

Insects Where Examined or Reported Scientific Name Common Name Host County Remarlts Adelgescooleyi Cooleyspruce DF SantaClara, ln Christmastree farms gallaPhid SantaCruz Agrilusburkei A flatheaded AL Siskiyou Associatedwith tree borer mortalityfollowing the 199'lCantara Spill. Alniphagus Alder bark AL Siskiyou same as above aspericollis beetle Blastopsylla Eucalyptus Sacramento It wasfound for the rccidentalis psyllid" firsttime in thiscounty. Chionaspis Pine needle Pine Mendocino A heavilyinfested oma- pinifoliae scale mentalin Willitswas killedby pinesawyers. Cryptorhynchus Poplar-and- PT Siskiyou Associatedwith tree lapathi willowborer mortalityfollowing the 1991Cantara Spill. Dioryctriaq. Coneworm FP Siskiyou Boringin blisterrust canker near LakeMountain Lookout. PP Butte Coneand bud darnage at the ChicoGenetic Res. Center. CP Orange At leasttwo speciesmay be newhost associations. Epinotia An BO& Shasta Springdefoliation emarginana olethreutine OD occurredin the upper tortricidmoth SacramentoVallev. Ergates Ponderous PP?, eastem Adultflying near pine snow spiculatus borer LPP? Shasta breakagein lateJuly. Halisidota Silverspotted BP Mendocino Damagedseveralpines argentata tiqermoth nearFt. Bragg. Lambdina Western QG Siskiyou Thousandsof acresof fiscellaria Oak Looper oakdefoliated in brush somniaria fieldsNW of Yreka. Leptoglossus Weslernconi- PP Butte Presentin plantations occidentalis fer seedbug at the ChicoGenetics ResourceCenter. Matsucorcus twig scale PP Siskiyou Causedbranch flagging blselosus nearCecilville. Phloeosinussp. a cedarbark LC Mendocino A few Leylandcypress beetle in Ukiahhad flagging andtop-kill from attacks. Phylloxeraq. Oak OA Fresno,Yuba, Populationswere heavy phylloxera' SanDiego, on naliveoaks this year. San Mateo Yolo Pseudohylesinus Douglas-fir DF Mendocino, Severaltrees with black nebulosus polebeetle SantaCruz stain rootdisease were attackednear Willits. Threesuppressed trees nearAptos (Santa Cruz Co.)were attacked.

13 Thble 4. Imects of Lesser Importance in California - 1994 (continued)

Insects Where Examined or Reported Scientific Name CommonName Host Countv Remarlcs Pseudohylesinus Silverfir DF SantaCruz Associated with P. nebu- sericeus beetle /osus at Aptos. Pseudopityoptr An oak bark QA Mendocino It killedfive coast live oaks thorusasrifoliae beetle near RedwoodValley. Puto profusus Douglas{ir DF Tulare Thisis a newcounty mealybug" record.Previous recordsare Trinityand PlumasCounties. Rhyacionia Ponderosa PP Butte Minor damage at the Chico zozana pinetip moth GeneticsResource Center. Scythropussp. a weevil PP Tehama Seedlingsand saplings nearLyman Springs and PlumCreek Roads and Hwy 36 Eastwere darnaged. Stegophyllasp. Woolly oak OA Butte,Santa Populationswere heavy aphid. Clara,Plumas, on nativeoaks this year. Stenolechia JuniperGele- JU Santa A newcounty record for bathrodyas chiidmoth". CY Barbara thismoth introduced fromJapan and first foundin 1969. Synanth.edon Sequoiapitch MP Mendocino lnfested scores of sequone moth Montereypines. Telphua A BO Shasta Springdefoliation sedulitella gelechiid occurredin the upper moth SacramentoValley. Unknown Eryophidbud RW Mendocino Caused extensivebud mite swelling in two redwoods north of Ft. Bragq. Unknown Microlepidop- SY Angeles Defoliationoccurred tera CW in the SanGabriel (SY) andSan Bernardino (CW) Mountains. * California Dept. Food and Agr. 1994. California Plant Pestand DiseaseReport. Vol. 13, Nos. 34. ** Califomia Dept. Food and Agr. 1994. California Plant Pestand DiseaseReport. Vol. 13, Nos. 1-2.

HOSTABBRI]VIATIONS

AL = Alder BO = California black oak BP= Bishoppine CP = Coulterpine CW = Cottonwood CY = Cypress DF = Douglas-fr JU = Juniper pp = pslrail pine LC = Leylandcypress LPP= Lodgepolepine MP = Montereypine OA = Oaks(Quercus spp.) PP = Ponderosapine PT = Blackcottonwood QA = Coastlike oak QD = Blue oak QG = Oregonwhite oak RW = Redwood SY = Sycamore

14 STATUSAND CONTROL OF DISEASE

A REFORT TO THE CALIFORNIA FOREST PD.STCOT]NCIL FROM THE DISEASE COMMIT'IEE

JESS RIOS, CHAIR

JOIIN PRONOS,SECR,ETARY

15 STATUSAND CONTROL OF DISEASE

ABIOTIC DISEASES Damagefrom an unidentlfledcaus€. Curly needle symptomswere noted on Douglas-hr Christmastrees in SantaClara SantaCruz, Sonoma and Napa Counties. Droughl Moisture stresscontinued to be aprirury The causeis unknownand still underinvestigation. The causeof tree mortality over northernCalifomia In symptomsmay b dueto a mite or someabiotic, envi- most areas,levels of tree mortality were elevatedwith rorunentalfactor. all speciesbeing affectedto someextent. Sugarpine mortality levels were high throughoutnorthern Califor- Alr pollution. Long-temrozone injury monitoring (Del nia and westernwhite pines along the Smith River plots on the SequoiaNational Forest(Fresno, Tulare, Norte County) experiencedhigh levelsof mortality. and Kern Counties)were evaluatedfor changesin the White fir mortality was especiallysevere in the eastside amountof foliar symptoms.Tiable 5 showsthe percent pine and mixed-conifersites of northeasternCalifomia. changein the short-tenn(2 years)and long-term (17 In most instances,these trees were attacked by insecs years)for the 27 ploa monitored.In general,foliar in the summerand fall of 1993. chloroticmottle hasgradually increased especiallyon plots that are moderatelyor severelyinjured. Jeffrey and ponderosapine mortality also increasedin 1994. The Modoc, Lassen(Eagle Lake and tlat Creek Thble5. Statusof ozonelnJury on monitoring RangerDistricts), and tbe northerndistricts of the Plu- plots, SequolaNatlonsl Forest mas National Forestsexperienced the greatestamount of pine mortality (Modoc,Lassen and Plunns coun- PERCENTCHANGE Drought also contributedto deathand topkill of ties). Statusoflnjury Last2 Years Last 17Years hundredsof dry farmedDouglas-fu Christmasrees. The treeswere 3 to 4 feet tell growing north of Middle- MORE 55 82 town in I-ake County. NO CHANGE 15 18 LESS 30 Carbon Dloxlde Toxlclty. Mortality of lodgepolepine, red fu, westemwhite pine, and mountainhemlock continued at Honeshoel-ake and nearbylocations on the Mammoth RangerDisuict, Inyo NationalForest (Mono FOLIAGE DISEASES County). The Horseshoearea has increasedfrom 15 acresin t992tD 28 acresin L994. Almost all conifers within the site havebeen killed. Personnelfrom the Foliagebllght of Pacillc madrons In 1993,spring U.S. GeologicalSurvey are monitoring the site. Ele- rains in northernCalifornia producedconditions condu- vatedsoil levels of carbondioxide appearresponsible cive to an outbreakof a foliage blight of Pacific ma- for the mortality. drone. During the winter of 19931194 defoliation increasedto 100percent in someareas. Areasmost se- verelyaffected were along the Klanath River corridor Snow and Wlnd. Heavysnow andhigh winds on theAl- from the coastinland as far a^sSeiad. The Trinity River manorRanger District, LassenNational Forest caused corridor from the confluencewith the Klamath easttro windthrow of primarily white fr andred fr over ap- JunctionCity wasalso affected. The fungusmost com- proximately 700 acresnmth of Humboldt Summit(Plu- monly observedon injured foliage was Coccomycesar- masCouty). butifolius. The leaf spotscaused by this fungus apparentlycoalesced with eachother and with spots FreezelnJury. Freezedamage was noted in juniper and causedbyother fungi, resulting in defoliation. The Jeffreypine just north of Sienaville(Sierra County). treesrefoliated in the spring following bud break, but This is a commonoccwrence along the Southwestedge their crownshad a slightly thin appearance. of the SierraValley becauseof frequentwinter inver- sionsand cold pockets. Sugarpine needlecasf causedby Loplndermellaarcu- ata,wasobserved on westernwhite pinesalong Scott Nutrlent Deflciency. SeveralDouglas-fn and white fr Canp Creeknear Castle Lake (SiskiyouCounty). This ChristmasEee plantations near Sononra were chlorotic. is at leastthe third consecutiveyear of this outbreak. The sympoms were thoseof elementalor nutritional im- Heavyrains late into the spring of 1993likely contrib- balance. ut€d to an increasedincidence of the disease.The injury wasnot as severethis year,but becauseof the

16 repeateddefoliation many of the rees haveonly one of fungal infections,but no otber fungi were identified year's complementof ne€dles. ftom the cucings. The cuttingsresprouted andmany re- covered.They Oen becameinfected by willow rust (Melampsporasp.). The nurserytreated with triadime- Over one hundredacres of sugarpines near Jacks Back- fon and the plantsrecovered. bone (ShastaCounty) were also infectedby needlecast. Severalother repcts of sugarpine needlecast were also receivedas follows: north of Bartlg SiskiyouCo.; near Phomopslsdleback Red and white fir (2-0 stock) at Dry Bumey Creeh ShastaCounty; and in the Pinchard HumboldtNursery suffered a top diebackin May and and Lost Creekdrainages, Plumas County. Otherunre- Junedue to Phomopsisocculta (Diaporthc conorum). ported areasof needlecast are suspected. Infection wasscafiered with less than57o of the stock affected. Sycamore anthracnose. Defoliation and diebackdue to sycamoreanthracnose, caused by Apiogrcmonia Fusarlums Fusariumsp. causedscattered dieback in 1- veneta,was commonon sycamoresalmg a 6.5 mile 0 white andred fir u the Hrmboldt Nunery (Hmrboldt sEetchof the WestFork of the SanGabriel River on the County). Somebeds were below desireddensity due to Mt. Baldy RangerDistrict, AngelesNational Forest, Los a combinationof Fusariumand insect feeding. AngelesCounty. The PlacervilleNursery (El DoradoCounty) suc@ss- Oak anthracnose, causedby Apiognonwniaerrabunda fully decrea.sedlosses and stuntingdue to Fusariumand (Discula urnbrinella) and other undescribedfungi, was other soilbornefungi by sowing thesespecies earlier in quite reducedfrom last year in Mendocinoand Lake the year. Beds wereprepared in the Fall, coveredwith Cormties. mulch fm protectionand planted in February. The sugarpineand red fir were able to grow largeenough to withstandthe root diseaseinfection that hits Bacterlal Leaf Spot on Manzanita. A leaf spotof usually whenit getshot in manzanilaobserved in a wholesalenursery in the foot- Juneand July. hills of PlacerCounty was attributedto the bacteriq Xanthamornscarnpestris. This leafspot,which causes Chico GeneticResourceCenter Nunery @utte County) dark spotson both sidesof the leavesand yellowing, alsoreported reduced levels ofFusarium on sugarpine was found cnly on the manzanitavariety "Howard andother species. The useof a newcontainer washer McMinn." The diseasehas only beenfound where may be responsible. planB are being irigated; it basnot beenreported on manzanitagrowing in naturalconditions. ROOIT DISEASES Other foliage diseases.Specked leafspot on bigleaf nraple,caused by Rhytisnwpunctatum, was noted in southernHumboldt Countv nearRichardson's Grove. Infectionsby root pathogensoften predisposeconifen troafiack by bark beetles. The associationof root dis- easeud bark beetlesoccurs throughout Califomia for- A needlecast causedby Cyclaneuvnaminus infected estsand is a pritnary causeof tree mortality. Long-terrr Montereypine nearLittle River in MendocinoCounty lossof site productivity is one of the most seriousconse- and hun&eds of MontereyX knobcone hybrids above quencesof thesecomplexes. Orleansin Humboldt Cormty.

Black staln root dlscase(caused by l-eptographium An ornamentalblack pine in Fortunahad needle spot- wageneri)was again commonly reportedin Douglas-fir ting and banding similar to both red bandneedle blight in runy areasof northernCalifornia both in plantations and brown spot needleblight. No idartihable fungi andnatural stands of matue trees. It was identified were isolatedfrom the needles. alonga road ur ScottRiver RangerDisuict, Klanath NationalForest (Siskiyou County), next to the Dead- wood progenytest site. This infection site is intermixed NT]RSERY DISEASES with signiftcantlevels of black shin root diseaseinfection of ponderosapine. A I tD 2 acreblack stain root diseasecent€r was identified in a standof Douglas-fir, Wlllow bllght. Hundredsof willow cuttingsgrowing at tanoah andbigleaf m4plein an old harvestunit on the Humboldt Nursery (Humboldt County) died back Lower Trinity RangerDisficg Six Rivers National For- dw to C\tosporachrysosperma rnfwton The cuuings est (HumboldtComty). Amfllaria root disease(Armil- showedblack spotsand experienceda rapid declinein laria sp.\ wasalso presenton the deaduees. June. Cytospora infectionsare often part of a complex

17 tanoaksand two Douglas-fir in Brooktrails and one Black stain root dis€asewas confirmedin both ponder- Douglas-funear Portola Heights. osapine and Douglas-fir at an elevationof 1300ft. near the Fast Fork of the SouthFork of the Trinity River, Port-Orford-cedar root dlscasc. The rangeof Port-Or- southeastemTrinlty County. Approximately20 acresof ford-cedarroot disease(caused by Phytoplttlura later- pine areaffected. The diseasewas also confirmedin clis) did not expandsignificantly in the past year and merchantableDouglas-fir near Moffett Creek,east of remainslimited to exEemenorthwest€rn California Fut Jones,Siskiyou County. On privateforest land Seasonalclosures arc being increasinglyemployed in north of Butte Meadows,Tehanu and Butte Counties, uninfestedareas with Port-Orford-cedarto lirnit :rooess black st,ainroot diseaseof pine continues0o be a signifi- andto lessenthe risk of fungal spread. cant managementproblem over hundredsofacres. The UpperTrinity, Klamath,and Sacramentowater- Black stain root diseasecenters, in ponderosaand Jef- shedsremain free of Port-fford-cedar root disea.se. frey pine, continueto be discoveredon the Modoc and GIS rnpping of locationsof Port-fford-cedar and the r aqsenNational Forests(Modoc andlassen Counties). diseasecontinues. A Port-Orford-cedarManagement Thesecenters are more evidentdue to increasedmortal- Guidg to assistland managenin implementingan effec- ity causedby a combinationof the black stainroot dis- tive progran, basbeen completed. With the retirement easeand the continuing drougbt.Black stainappears to of the Port-fford-cedar ProgramMan4ger, the Port-Or- be presentprimarily on wetter sitesin overstocked ford-cedarCoordinating Group hasbeen reorganized standsthat were previously dishrbed. It is also active into two areas,a policy ovenight teamand a technical in scatteredDouglas-fir in SantaCruz, SanMateo, team.The policy oversightteam, consisting of repre- Sonoma,and Lake Counties. The diseaseis causingex- sentativesof FPM in Regions5 and 6, the ForestSuper- tensivedaruge in Trinity, Hmrboldt and Mendocino visrs, and BLM, is responsiblefor overall Program Comties. direction. The technicalteam functions as a sourceof technicalexpertise for the policy team. Annosus root dlseasecaused by the fungusHetero- basidion annoswn,was implicarcdin the failure of a 13 Velvet top fungus. Phaeolusschweinitzii, the velvet foot dbh giant sequoianear Round Meadow,Sequoia tqr or cow-pie fungus,was found arounddeclining National Park, (fulare County). The failed sequoiawas Montereypine within PebbleBeach Company property locafedon the edgeof a root diseasecsnt€r primarily af- on the MontereyPeninsuliu Elsewhere, the fungus was fecting white fir. Viable conksof the pathogenwere notednear dead and dying Douglas-fir nearLoch Lo- foundin white ln sfirmpsnear the giant sequoia. The mond,Jackson State Demonstration Forest and Pine treefell atmid-momingwhen winds were calm. Ridge in MendocinoCounty, and nearPortola Heights. The fungusqruses a brown cubical rot and c:m cause Annosusroot diseasewas identified in many Jef- tree failue. frey/ponderosapine standson the l:ssen NationalFor- est (I-a.ss€nCounty) west of Poisonlake, north and southof StateHighway 44. T\e diseaseis causingmor- CAI\IGR DISEASES tality aroundsntmps and creatingopenings in the stands. Pltch canker. Reportsof Fusarium subglutirwns,the Annosusroot diseasewas found killing a few largema- fungusthat causespitch canker,in all threenative Mon- dronesin the Willia warcrshedsoutheast of WiUits. tereystands and the discoveryof the pathogenon The deadand dying sternsarc within 20 feet of a large, Douglas-fu,are raising new cronoernsregarding the po- decayingponderosapine stump. An annosusconk was tentid ecologicalimpact of the disease.The Cambria also fomd on aredwood stumpnear Caspar in Mendo- stan( locatedin SanSimeon State krk along the north- cino County. ern coastof SanLuis ObispoCounty, is infected . krfec- tions in Bishoppine in southernMendocino County havealso been reported. In coastalSanta Cruz County, Armfllarla root dlseasg causedby Armillaria sp.,was omamentalplantings of Douglas-fir are infected but the found on grand fir at the mouth of the NavarroRiver in diseasehas not spreadinto aneigbboring native Mendocino County. Thesetrees bad been attrcked by Douglas-fnstand. Pitch cankerappears to be spreading the fir engraver.In I:ke County,the fungusalso killed: in the urbanareas of southernSana BarbaraCounty. It a few Douglas-fir seedlingsnear Middletown; nearly wasalso reported for the fint time on the Los Pa&es 100ponderma pine seedlings,l0 manzanitaand one NationalForest in the Cerro Alto Campgroun( Santa sugarpine sapling all mixed with black oalcabove High LuciaRanger Disrict (SanLuis ObispoCounty). Valley; and six Douglas-fn seedlingsnear a black oak in the vicinity of toch Lomond. Also killed weretwo

18 I

Diseaseresistance in Montereypine hasbeen identified The reductionin samplesfrom previousyqtrs is due to and a plantationhas been e.stablished in SantaCruz fewerpeople inspecting for the disease,not to an actual County conaining clonesof treespreswred to be resis- reduclionin disea.sedtrees. tanL The California Departmentof Forestryand Fire Protectionis no longer growing Montereypine, Bishop X knobcone for to and Monterey seedlings sale thepub- BRANCII AND STEM DISEASES lic and is recommendingagainst the planting of Mon- tereypine until resistantstock is available. Indlan Palnt Fungus. Conksof the Indian Paint fungus,Echirwdontium tinctoriutn, werefound on white fu Bacterlal Canken A mysteriouscanker became appar- treesin a ForestService recreational summer-home tract (I-assen hazardous ent in the early winter of L994on Camptotlucaacumi- on [,ake Almanu County). The removedto prote,ct summerhomes. nata ar the Chico GeneticResource Center (Buue heeswere the County). This cankerled to st€mdieback, sometimes to the ground line, of treesin both a productionorchard and future arboretum. The cankersstopped at the MISTLETOES ground line and did not affect the root system. Isola- tions from tbe canken revealedseveral pathovars of Pseudomonassyringae, an ice nucleatingbacteria. In Dwarf mistletoesinfest 2.2 millisr acresof national for- November 1993a severecold spell occurredin the est land or about25% of the rcaelagein the Pacific northernvalley and may baveinteracted with thesebac- SouthwestRegion. Dwarf mistletoesare widespread teria resulting in infection and cankerdevelopment. By throughoutCalifornia, but their distribution hasnot the late summer,most of the Eeeshad recoveredand changedsignificantly in 1994. Their effecc on tlees sprouted,although they had sufferedsome loss of however,are intensifyingdue to continueddrought height. stress.This is especiallytrue of white fir dwarf mistletoe,Arceutlnbiumabietinum f.sp. concobris, which is commonlyassociated with branchflagging and tree level in Brush Dleback. A moderate of brushdieback mortality of white fir causedby the fir engraverbeetlg was reportedat SanDimas Ceanothuscrassifulius the Scolytusventralis. ExperimentalForest and on the SantaRosa Plateau near Murrieta and Temeculain Rivenide County.This is the great€stamount of diebackat SanDimas sincethe in- Branchmorality scafleredwitlin the crowns of red firs itial seriousoutbreak there in 1984-1985.This declineis wasconspicuous in the Big Meadow are4 ar an eleva- causedby a combinatiurof droughtstress md Botryos- tion of about8000 feet, on tbe CannellMeadow Dis- p haer ia dothi de a infection. uict, SequoiaNationalForest, (Kern County). These red frn weremoderately to severelyinfected with dwarf mistletoe. The assumptionis that the Cytosporacanker Other. Botryosphaeriadothidea (ribis) also causedtop fungus(Cltospora abietis)killed branchesinfected with and mortality of severalgiant sequoiain llkiah branch dwarf mistletoe. Treemortaliry was light and typiqlly and one redwood in Brooktrails, MendocinoCounty. about20 to 40 percentof the red firs' crownshad been recentlykilled. White firs in the areawere free of dwarf mistletoeand branchmortality. DUTCII ELM DISEASE In 1994,86 treesfrom threecounties were sampled for Dwarf mistlete,, Arceuhobium campylopodum,&cws durchefrn disease(caused by Ophiostorm ulmi), and36 in ponderosapineat scatteredlocations in Lake and were confimredas positive by tbe California Depart- MendocinoCounties. This year infestationswere re- ment of Food and Agriculture laboratoryin Sacramento portedin High Valley,Loch l,omond and kke Pitlsbury (Table6). in Iake County,and on Twin Rocks Ridge eastof Covelo. Dwarf mistletoeinfections can also be found in Thble 6. Thees sampled for dutch elrn disease. pocketson Montereypine in PebbleBeach, Monterey County. Positive Negative County Samples Samples A dwarf mistletoesuppression project was conducted ContraCosta | 4 on the Milford RangerDistrict of the Plunas National SanMateo ll 2l Fmest(Plunas County). InfectedJeftey and ponder- Sacramento 24 25 osapineoventorytrees were pruned orremoved from Totals 36 50 637 acresofpine plantations.

19 The CottonwoodFire bumed47,000 acres on the Sier- assessrust activity during the past year. Seedling,sap- raville Disrict of the TirhoeNational Forest (Siena ling, andbranch mortality were usedas indicatorsof County) and the Barkley Fire burned44,000 acres on rusL I-cations showinglittle or no 1994rust irctivity in- the Almanor RangerDistrict of the Irssen NationalFor- cluded: est (hssen County). Both thesefires burneddwarf mis- pine perimeten. tletoe infested standswithin their 1. RogersCamp, Tule River District, SequoiaNF, Dwarf mistletoecontrolranged from total sanitation (Tulare (completefire kill of the pines) to light crown scorch- County) ing, with liule or no control. 2. ShideyMeadow, Greenhorn Disrict, Sequoia NF, (Kem County) Dwarf mistletoe continuesto be a seriousproblem in 3. CascadeCreek, Sumrnit District, StanislausNR SouthernCalifornia recreationareas. Severalsuppres- (TuolumneCounty) sion projectsare underway.The CrystalLake Recrea- tion Area Project (AngelesNational Forest,ML Baldy I-ocationsshowing continued rust activity in 1994in- District) includedremoval of witcbes'brooms,branch cluded: pruning of 150 treesand 15 tree removalsover a 30 acre site. 1. ParkerMeadow, Tule River Disuict, SequoiaNF, The LagunaMountain RecreationArea Projectat Bumt (TulareCounty) Rancheri4 WoodedHill, and HorseHeaven Camp- 2. BaconMeadow, Hume [:ke District, SequoiaNR groundsconsisted of both limb andb,room pruning and (TulareCounty) removals. Eighty ,rcreswere treateq 210 treeswere 3. PantherCreek, Arnador District, Eldorado NF, pruned and 33 treesremoved in this DescansoDistrict (El Dorado (ClevelandNational Forest)project. County)

pine reported high The Mr PinosRanger DisEict of the Ins PadresNa- White blister rust was on elevation pine Lakes tional Forestpruned 275 treesinfested with dwarf mis- white bark nearThousand Wilderness (Shasta pole tletoe and removed75 treesover 175acres on the County). Severalsapling to size trees infections. The infections occurredin a OrganizationalCamps proj ect. showedbranch manre standwith whitebark pine, mountain hemlock andred fu. The Ojai Disrict, I-os PadresNational Forest, completed a Pre-SuppressionSurvey of the PineMountiain Rust-ResistantSugar Plne ScreenlngProgram. Campgroundand surroundingiueas, public scopingand pine were ma- a decisionmemo on the 60-acrerecreation area" and con- Forty new sugar selections identified with jm generesistance. The nunber resistant ducted a3-day ree climbing training. total of rust sugarpine samplesis 655. In 1994,the GeneticRe- sourcesprogram launched a nnjor effort o collect west- The SanBemardino National Forestdwarf mistletoe ern white, white bark and foxtail pines for screeningfor suppressionproject in developedrecreation areas contin- resistanceto whitepine blisterrust. ued forest-wide. In the 200-acreproject, 410 treeswere prunedand 119trees were removed. The programis also identifying sugarpine that are resistant due to slow rusting mechanisms.The objectiveis Oak nistletoe, causedby Phoradendronvillosum, is to obtainbreeding populations of sugarpine that have causingdieback and decline in oaks in Liebre Mountain two or moremechanisms of resistance,including major Area (SaugusRangerDistrict, AngelesNational Forest). generesistance. Multiple generesistance should be more stableagainst white pine blister rust.

RUST DISEASES In 1994,the GeneticResources program outplanted over4,0(X) sugar pine seedlingswith major generesis- tanceat the llappy CampOuplanting Site (Siskiyou Whlte Plne Blbter Rust. In general reportedlevels of Comty). Theseseedlings are being monitoredfor slow (Cmnartium blister n st ribicola) were very low on rusting in cooperationwith scientiss from the Pacific Ribes speciesthroughout nuthem California becauseof SouthwestResearch Station. To date,three kinds of dry conditionsduring the sunrmer. slow rustingresistance arerccognaed: low receptivity to infection,bark reaction,and shootblight. Low recep- In the central Sierr+ areastbat havebeen repeatedly af- tivity o infection fimgesfrom lower than averagenrmr- fectedby wbite pine blist€,rrust werevisited in 1994o ber of infectionsdown to no infections.Bark reactionis

20 a walling off of the infection on a stemor bnanchthat Western Galf Rust. Endocronartiumharl

21 F

22 STATUS AND CONTROL OF ANIMAL PESTS

A REPORT TO THE CALIFORI\IIA FOREST PEST COUNCIL FROM THE ANIMAL DAMAGE COMMITIEE

PREPARDDBY: JOIIN BORRRECCO

23 STATUSAND CONTROL OF ANIMAL PESTS

INTRODUCTION RESPONDENTSAND LOCATION OF RE. PORTS This report summarizesthe AnfunalDarnge Commit- tee's annualsurvey of vertebratedamage to forestrees. Surveyforurs werereturned by representativesof the The surveyis accomplishedby mailing a simpleform to U.S.Forest Service (n= l7); CatifomiaDepartment of private timber companies,federal and stateagencies, Forestryand Fire Protection(n=7); private timber com- and other organizationswho manageforested lands in panies(n=9); and various other organizations (n=6) in- Califomia- The surveyform requestssrunmary informa- cludingthe National Park Service (3) andthe Bureauof tion by pest speciesregarding species of treesinjured, Land Management(2). ageclass oftrees, acresover which damageoccurs, numberof treesper acredamaged, whether danage oc- Incidenceof damageto treeswas reported from 3lcoun- curs in plantationsor other areas,the generaluend in ties representingover ll2 of the land areaof Califomia. damagerelative to past conditions,and control methods Countiesrepresented: Alpine, Amador, Butte, Ca- used.Results of this surveyare reported as part of the laveras,Del Norte,El Dorado,Fresno, Glenn, Hum- CaliforniaForest Pest Council's annual overview of for- boldt, Kern, Lake, Lassen,Madera, Mariposa, estpest conditions in California. Mendocino,Modoc, Mono, Nevada,Placer, Plumas, Riverside,San Benito, San Bernardino, San Diego, In September,1994,82 surveyforms weremailed to fed- SantaCruz, Shasta Sierr4 Siskiyou,Tehama Trinity, eral and stateagencies, private timber companies,and Tulare,Tuolumne, and Ventura. other privateorganizations marnging forestedlands in Califomia. A total of 39 (48{oretum) responses were SPECIES CAUSING DAMAGE received. A variety of mammalspecies are causingdamage to forest treesand the damagevaries by region of the state andby landownership (Table 7). Speciesmost com- monlyidentified in this survey(as well as in previous

Thble 7. Number of damage nesponsesreported by vertebrate speciesin 1994(N=39).

Specles USFS CDF Prlvatc Other Total

Beaver 2 0 0 0 2 Birds 0 I 0 I ) Black Bear 2 2 2 0 6 Deer l3 3 4 I 2l WoodRat 3 2 2 0 7 Elk I 0 1 0 2 Meadowmice 0 I 0 0 I MountainBeaver I 0 I 0 2 Pocketgopher 15 0 4 0 l9 Porcupine 10 0 0 0 l0 Rabbitsand hares l1 2 2 0 l5 Tree squirrels I I I I 4 Domesticstock t2 0 I 2 l5 Feral Pigs 0 0 0 I I Goundspuirrels 2 0 I 0 3

Total 73 t2 t9 6 110 (n) (17) (7) (e) (6) (3e)

24 years)as causingproblems are deer(53% ofrespon- SCOPE OF DAMAGE dents),pocket gopher(49Vo), domestic stock (387o),rabbits andhares (38%), porcupine (?SVo), woodrat (1870) Damagefrom all sourceswas reported on about and black bear (l1Vo\. While deerfeeding injuries con- 165,683acres (Iable 8). AX of California'smajor tim- tinue to be the most frequentlyreported activity, brows- ber producingregions and timber typeshave reported ing damagein 1994was mtre limit€d to the northern damageby vertebratespecies. Based on the acresof and central SierraNevada counties. Pocketgophers, damage,the speciesranking changesoily slightly: deer rabbit and hares,and livestock feedinginjuries on trees (3lVo ofthe acres),black bear (26Vo), pocket gopher occur throughoutthe State.Damage by other species (l1Vo),domestic stock (157o), porcupine (4Vo), woo- tends!o be more limited geographically. drat(4Vo),ek(37o), and all others(27o).

Thble 8. Number of acres reported to be actively recelving some level of damage ln 1994.

Speclcs

Beaver 80 0 0 Birds 0 * 0 *0 Black Bear 565 t2 42,500 0 43,065 Deer 46,256 t2 5,69 200 52,t37 WoodRat 898 300 5,000 0 6,198 Elk 350 0 5,000 0 5,350 Meadow mice 0 100 0 0 100 Mountain Beaver 53 0 60 0 113 Pocketgoph€r u,316 0 620 o 24,936 Porcupine 6,637 0 0 o 6,637 Rabbitsand hares l,5M t2 250 0 1,808 Tree squirrels 500 , :} 100 600 Domesticstock u,u7 0 ,i ,T 24,s47* Feral Pigs 0 0 0 Gound spuirrels 72 0 q o ll2

Total 105,520 4U 59,r39 600 165,683

* Incidenceof damagereported but no informationas to how nurnyacres were affected.

25 ! I SpeciesCausing Damage

Species Beaver Bird BlackBear Deer Woodrat Etk MeadowMouse MountainBeaver PocketGopher Porcupine RabbiUHare TreeSquinel DomesticStock GroundSquinel FeralPig 10 15 Numberof Responses

Acres Damaged

Species Beaver Bird BlackBear Deer Woodrat Erk MeadowMouse MountainBeaver PocketGopher Porcupine RabbiUHare TreeSquirrel DomesticStock GroundSquirrel FeralPig 20 30 40 Number of Acres (l'housands)

26 SPECIESACCOUNTS

BEAVER

Specles Damaged:Aspen and variousconl fers. DamageTrend: Static. Control Methods: None (ZlZ7. Damage locatlon: Nevada,Placer, Plumas, and SierraCounties. Comments: Damagereported to poles sized trees (20 to 80 years) ard to some 3 to 4 year-oldaspen in streamsidezones.

BIRDS

Specles Damaged: OrnamentalMonterey pine,and oaks. DamageTrend: Static. Control Methods: None (ZlZ7. DamageLocation: Mendocino and San Beni- to Counties. Comments:Sapsucker iniuries to ornamental coniferson the north coast contineto be reported.Introduced wild turkeysare consum- ing acorns of nativeoaks and rooting up oak seedlingsin the PinnalesNational Monument.

27 T

Specles Damaged: Douglas-fir,redwood, grandfir,whitefir, Port Orford @dar, and Sitka spruoe. DamageTrend: Increasing. Gontrol Methods: Sport hunting@1A7, none (4/6). DamageLocation: Del Norte, Humboldt, and FresnoCounties. Comments: Damage w€Nireported in both plantationsand natural stands to poles and smallsaw timber from 10to 90 yearsold. Lev- els of damage vary from 1 to 60 trees/acre. Blackbears are primarily a problemon private timberlands on the north coast of California, howevera few incidencesof bear damage werereported on the SequoiaNational Forest near BurtonPass in FresnoCounty.

DEER

Specles Damaged: Douglas-fir,redwood, ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, sugar pine, lodgepolepine, western white pine, white fir, red fir, incensecedar, Port Orford cedar, and blackoak. DamageTrend: Static. Control Methods: Seedling protectors (12121),repellents (4121\, hunting (1/21) and none(81211. DamageLocation: Alpine, Amador, Butte, Del Norte,El Dorado,Fresno, Glenn, Humboldt, Lake,Lassen, Madera, Mariposa, Mendocino, Modoc,Mono, Placer, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiy- ou, Tehama,Trinity, and TuolumneCounties. Comments:Most damageoccurs to seed- lings1 to 10years old in plantations.Levels of damagereported varied from 10to 350trees/ acre.Seedling protectors include plastic mesh tubesand plasticmesh netting. Repellents include BGRand PlantPro-Tec (garlic units).

28 WOODRAT

Specles Damaged: Douglas-fir,redwood, white fir, red fir, ponderosapine, and sugar pine. DamageTrend: Static. Control Methods: Seedlingprotectors (1/7) and none (6lz). Damage Location: Calavaras,Del Norte, Humboldt,Lake, Mendocino,Siskiyou, and TrinityCounties. Comments:Damage occurred to trees 1 to 80 years old at levels of 1 to 300 treeslacre in plantations.Woodrat damage is primarilyre- portedfrom forests on the northcoast of Cali- fornia.

ELK

Specles Damaged: Douglas-fir,redwood, whitefir, ponderosapine, and incensecedar. DamageTrend: Static. Control Methods:None (2121. Damage Location: Humboldtand Siskiyou Counties. Comments:Damage occurs to seedlingsand saplings1 to 5 years of age at levelsof 20 to 300 trees/acre.

r-.fa |". I\ l\

29 MEADOWMOUSE

Specles Damaged:Coufter and ponderosa pine. DamageTrend: Static Control Methods:None (1/1). Damage Location: MendocinoCounty. Comments: Scattered girdling damage oc- curring on about 5 thousand 2 to 5 year-old seedlings in dense annual grass and thistle habitatin a plantationnear Philo.

MOUNTAINBEAVER

SpeclesDamaged: Douglas-fir and redwood DamageTrend: Staticto increasing.. Control Methods: None (ZtZ1. DamageLocation: Del Norte,Humboldt. Comments:Damage occurs in plantationsto seedfings2to 10 yearsold at levelsof about 2 to 200 trees/acre.

30 I

POCKET GOPHER

Species Damaged:Douglas-fir, white fir, red fir, ponderosapine, Jeffrey pine, Coulterpine, sugar pine, lodgepole pine, western white pine,giant sequoia, incense cedar, DamageTrend: Staticto increasing. Control Methods: Strychninebait (10/19), trapping(3/19), none (8/19). Damage Location: Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras,Del Norte, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn,Humboldt, Kern, bke, lassen, Mad- era, Mariposa,Mendocino, Modoc, Mono, Neveda, Placer, Plumas, Riverside, San Bernardino,Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Tehama, Trinity,Tulare, and TuolumneCounties. Comments: Most damage to seedlingsoc- cursin plantations1 to 10years old. Levelsof damagereported range from 1 to 500 trees/ acre.

PORCUPINES

SpeclesDamaged: Whitefir, ponderosa pine, and Jeffreypine. DamageTrend: Static. ControlMethods: None (10/10). DamageLocation: Alpine,Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado,Lassen, Modoc, Mono, Nevada, Placer,Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Te- hama,Trinity, Tuolumne, and TulareCounties. Comments: Injuries occur to seedlings throughmature trees in plantationsand natural standsat levelsof damageranging from 1 to 200 trees/acre.

31 RABBIT& HARE

Species Damaged: Douglas-fir,big cone Douglgs-fir,white fir, red fir, Couttsrpine, ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, lodgepole pine, westernwhite pine, and giant sequoia. DamageTrend: Static. Control Methods:Seedling protectors (5/15), vegetationcontrol (1/15), and none (9/15). Damage Location: Butte,Del Norte,El Dora- do, Humboldt,Fresno, Lake, liss€n, Mendo- cino,Modoc, Mono, Plumas, San Bernardino, Shasta,Siskiyou, Riverside, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare,and VenturaCounties. Comments:Damage reported to seedlings1 to 10 yearsold in plantationsat levelsof 1 to 40Otrees/acre.

TREE SQUIRREL

Specles Damaged: Douglas-fir,redwood, ponderosapine, sugar pine, and giant sequoia. DamageTrend: Static. Gontrol Methods: Metal bands (114),none (3/4). Damage Location: El Dorado, Mendocino, and SiskiyouCounties. Comments: Most reports concerned bark strippingand top kill, especiallyof redwood saplingsto second growth saw timber (80 years).Damage to rust resistantsugar pine seedsand coneswas also reported.

32 DOMESTICSTOCK

Specles Damaged:Douglas-fir, white fir, red fir, ponderosapine, Jeffreypine, lodgepole pine,sugar pine, western white pine, giant sequoia,incense cedar, black oak, and aspen. DamageTrend: Static. Control Methods: Placementof satt (1/15), seedfing protectors(21 1 51, grazin g restrictions (U15),fences (1114), none (11/15). DamageLocation: Amador, Butte, Del Norte, El Dorado, Fresno, Humboldt,Kern, Lake, l-assen,Madera, Maripasa, Mendocino, Mo- doc, Mono,Placer, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama,Trinity, and TulareCounties. Comments:Most respondents reported damageto seedlingsand saplings1 to 5 yearsold in plantations.Levels of damagevaried from 1 to 20Otrees/acre. Some reported damageto aspensuckers and oak woodlands.One re- spondent reported both sheep and cows causinginjuries and indicatedthat cows pri- marilycause injury by tramplingand layingon seedlings.

GROUNDSOUIRREL

Specles Damaged:Coulter pine, ponderosa pine,Jeffrey pine, giant sequoia, and big cone Douglas-fir. DamageTrend: Static. Control Methods: Seedlingprotectors (1/3), repellent(1/3), none (1/3). Damage Location: Fresno, Madera, Mari- posa, San Bernardino,and RiversideCoun- ties. Comments:Damage is occuringto seedlings 1 to 5 years old in plantationsat levelsof 5 to 300 seedlings/acre.

33 f

FERAL PIG

Specles Damaged:Oak species. DamageTrend: Static. Control Methods: Direct reductionof pigs (1/1 ). DamageLocation: San BenitoCounty. (Pin- naclesNational Monument). Comments: Consumptionof mast and physical distructionof seedlingsfrom rootingactivi- ty.

u STATUSAND CONTROL OF WEEDS

A REPORT TO THE CALIFORNIA FOR,F^STPEST COUNCIL FROM THE WEED COMMITTEE

FLEMING BADENFORA CHAIR

KEN FLEMING, SECRETARY

35 flnformatlon not avallable at tlme of prlnfing)

36 -l

SURVEYS AND EVALUATIONS

A REPORT TO THE CALIFORNIA FOREST PEST COUNCIL FROM THE INSECTAND DISEASE COMMITTEES

37 f

SURVEYSAND EVALUATIONS

DEMONSTRATION THINNING PLOIIS IN Table 9. Comrner.clal hte mortality by stocklng TIIE EASTSIDE PINE TYPE ON TIIE LASSEN NATIONAL FOREST. level, llftcen years after thinntngr ResidualSocking After Thinningb Year 4OVo 55Vo TOVo lAOTo ln 1978-1979the ForestService established plots in the Mortality Treesper Acre eastsidepine type to show the effectsof thinning on pest-causedlosses in areasof high treemortality. The 1980 0.0 0.2 0.2 2.4 standschosen were mostly pole-size ponderosapine 1981 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.4 mixed with somewhite fir and incense-cedar,growing 1982 0.0 0.5 0.3 3.6 on medium to low sites,and rangingin agefrom 70 to 1983 0.0 0.1 0.8 4.1 90 years. Within the demonstrationplots, four levelsof stockingdensity -- 40, 55, 70, and 100percent ofnor- 1984 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 mal basalarea -- were establishedto demonstratethe 1985 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.6 biological and economicalternatives available for man- 1986 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 agementplanning. (Nomral basalarea is the basalarea 1987 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 th4t a standshould havereached when fully stocked 1988 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 with trees,from 185to 215 sq ftlac n the demonstration areas,depending on site quality.) Fourteenyears after 1989 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.6 thinning the treatmentshave reduced mortality from 90 r990 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 to 100percent of thelevel in unthinnedstands (lhble 9). 1991 0.0 0.0 0.0 r.8 t992 0.0 0.2 0.0 3.0 t993 0.0 0.2 0.3 5.2 AIR POLLUTION r994 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 Mean 0.0 0.1 0.2 2.5 To determinethe extent and locuion of ozonedamage Range 0 0-0.5 G0.8 0.0-5.2 of Jeffreyand ponderosapine on the t os PadresNa- PercentMortality Reduction Comparedwith Normal plots tional Forest"twenty with over 100trees were sur- BasalArea veyedthroughout the forest. The most severedanage was found in the TecuyaMountains on the Mt. Pinos 100 96.0 92.0 RangerDistrict which is locatedadjacent to the San JoaquinBasin. The leastdamage was found adjacentto straight boles, yielding at least one l0-foot log with the Pacific Coaston the MontereyRanger District- a Ginch top. Trees were killed by the mountain With the assistanceof PacihcSouthwest Station at Riv- pine beetle. erside,the I-os PadresNational Forestplans to install b. Percent ofnormal basal area. permanentplots to monitor ozonedannge. (10%). The index nrngesftom 0 (no injury) to 100 Forest Ozone ResponseStudy. A new standardized (maximumrnjury). The northernSierra plots haveaver- method for describingchronic injury by ozoneto lhe ageindex valuesas low as 2 to 3 whereassouthern Si- crowns of ponderosaand Jeffreypines is being field erraand SanBemardino plots haveindex valuesas high testedby a cooperativeproject entitledthe ForestOzone as 41. Thus thereis a demonstrableincrease in ozone ResponseStudy (FOREST). Cooperators include Re- danage from north to southin C-elifornia Data has gion 5, Air ResourceManagement and Forest Pest Man- beengathered from the sane Eeesannually since l99l. 4gement,staff from 10 National Forestsand three Between1991 and 1993injury hasgenerally remained National Parks,the hcific SouthwestResearch Station, the same. andthe CaliforniaAirResources Board. FORESTplots are locatedfrom I assenNational Fark in the Nmth to Resultsfor 1994are availableonly for the SanBer- the SanBernardino National Forest in the South. nardinoNational Forest. Between l99l and 1994 there wasa signifrcantincrease of injury index on 3 plots at Four variablesare measuredon eacbof 50 reeVplot, as- BartonFlats (23.6 to 31.3). Acrossa 12mile-long, west- signedweights and usedto calculatean ozoneinjury in- to-eastdownwind tnuuect in the SanBernardino moun- dex. The variablesinclude needlewhorl retention tains (higherto lower ozoneconcentrations), a (4O7"),chlorotic mottle intensity on eachwhorl (407o), substantialdifference in injury index is detectableat needlelength of eachwhorl (107o),and live crownratio pine plots. For exarnple,injury index valueswere 37.3

38 (mile 1, AngelusOaks), 31.3 (mile 6, BartonFlats), and fr weresurveyed. From this Ustof plantationsa sub- 15.7(mile 12,Heart Bar). sanple of infestedplantations was intensively sampled in L994to obtain informationon incidenceof the dis- easewithin aplantation.A total planationswith Betweenl97l and 1994at CharltonFlat in the Angeles of 30 over 700 acreswere surveyed.The dataare currently National Forest,there were signsof improvedtree con- beinganalyzed. dition basedonly on the numberof annualneedle whorls on branchesof the lower crown--notthe index value. The plot originally containedffty tree,s.Fifty OrleansRanger Disuict, Six Rivers NF surveyeda total fivepercent of 34 remainingtrees had one or more addi- of 15,500acres of Douglas-fuplantations for black tional annualwhorls, 4l percenthad the samenumber, stain incidenceand impact. 117plantations were and 3 percenthad at leastone lesswhorl. The Angeles checkedfrom theroadside and2,775 acres (18% of the National Forestestablished two additional50-ree moni- areasurveyed) were estimatedto b€ infected. The dis- toring plots and obtainedthe initial dataset needed to trict alsodid an intensiveblack stain survey in 20 planta- calculatethe ozoneinjury index. tionson 433 acres.Black stainwas identified in 15 of theplantations, but danagelevel due to the black stain was low. Nlhogen deposltlon. On the SanBernardino National Forest,Paul Miller, PSW-Riverside,is measuringnitro- gen depositionfrom the atmosphereat BartonF.lats and In Northeastern Callfornia. As part of a study to de- other sitesacross the fmest. Data indicatesthat the temfne site facton associatedwith the incidenceof mostwesterly forest sites in the SanBemardino Moun- black stainroot diseaseof pine, a paired plot surveyof tains may be approachingsaturation with niuogen. The lmownblack stain centerson the Modoc and l:ssen Na- following obsenntionshave been noted for the western tional Forestswas conducted during 1994. Not surpris- one-third of the SanBemardino National Forest where ingly, black stain wasassociated with wet sites, nitrogen depositionrates are the highest: oventockingand site disnrrbance.There was a strong correl,ationbetween black stain incidenceand the plant associationsfor the eastsidepine type. Indicator plants l. Total nitrogen concentrationsin soil, foliage and of wet sites,including rose, serviceberry, and several litt€r are much higher than in low pollution, forested speciesof Prunus,were typical of black staincenters. sites in the SanBernardino Mountains. 2. Soils havea higb niEogento phosphorusratio. 3. There is a high concentrationof niuate (NO3) in OTIIER foli4ge of brackenfern and in severaltree species. 4. Soil pH is low. Soil pH levelshave been decreasing since1975. Log Importatlon. The ftnal environmentalimpact statement on the "Importation of Logs, Lumber, 5. Elevatedlevels of nitrate are sustainedthroughout @IS) and OtherUnmanufactured Wood Articles" wasre- the growing season. leasedin July 194. TheEIS wasprepared by the Ani- 6. There arehigher than expectednitric oxide mal andPlant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). The emissionsfrom the soil. preferredalternative, based on the resultsofpest risk as- sessmentsfor the importationof logs from Siberia, 7e^land A likely oonsequenceof the persistentlyhigh nitrate Chile, and 1r{sw and after receivingpublic com- concentrationsin soil is abnormallyhigh lossesof ni- menton the advancenotice of proposedrulemaking. tratesfrom the forest in the fomr of soil leachateresult- containstrchnical modificationsto proposedregul,ations (59 ing in higber nitrate concentrationsin the water. Air FR 3W2-3029,January 20, L994). In brief, thepro- posed pollution may be reducingthe quality of local waterin regulationswould imposethree basic require- thesewatersheds which arehighly exposedto incoming mentsfor the entry of regulatedarticles into the U.S.: air pollution. l. A p€rmitissued by APHIS. Conditionsrequired in the permitsmay involve physical (debarking,heat BLACK STAIN ROOT DISEASE treatment)and chemicaltreatments (with chemicals registeredby the EPA) to ensurethat plant pestsare not inadvertentlyintroduced into the U.S. In Douglas-lir Plantations. During lW4,Hapy 2. An importerdocument or certificateverifying that Canp RangerDisrict, Klamath NationalForest, contin- the conditionsof the APHIS regulationshave been ued tbeir surveyfor black stainroot diseasein Douglas- meL fir plantations. In 193 all raversableroads and Eails 3. Inspectionof all regulated thatborderedor ran throughplantations with Douglas- articlesat the time of anival.

39 I

parts,and re,porting results for entry into a databasepro- Change Detecffon. A pilot project is undenvayto gram.If you would like to participatein this progrant evaluatechange detection techniques for assessingconi- contactthe California TreeFailure Report Program,De- fer mortality on the Lake ThhoeBasin Management partnent of EnvironmentalHorticulhre, University of Unit (LTBMLI). Remotesensing and geographicinfor- Califomia Davis,CA 95616. mation systems(GIS) arebeing usedto determinevege- tationchanges tbat occurred from l99l-1994. The The 186records for Montereypine were compiled into vegetationchange detected relates to mortality of coni- a failure profile tiat characterizesthe failure location, fers largely due to bark beetleinfestations. Prrevious ac- struchral defects,decay, climatic conditionsand other tivities employing similar techniquesyielded reliable factmsassociated with stnrcturalfailure of Monterey results,approximately 707o accuracy from a 192 study pine. Sixty percentof the reportedfailures were limb assessingconifer mortality. Plansfor FY-95 includea failures,rather than trunk or root failures and most of cooperativeproject with california Departmentof For- thesewere considered to be heavylareral limbs - a estry,Forest Pest Management group andUSDA-Forest smrcmal defect. The majority of limb breakageoc- Se'rvice,State and hivate Forestry,Forest Pest Manage- curredaway from, ratherthat at the point of auachment, ment to implementchange detection of conifer andhard- suggestinga wood sUengthproblem. Decay was not fre- wood mmtality over a large area(500,000 acres) quenflyassociatpd with Montereypine failures at any lo- coveringmultiple ownershipsand varying vegetation cationon the tree. Tree spacing,nutrition and genetic types. strainare likely to be nnjor factorsinfluencing heavy laterallimb development.Closer tree spacing,low nitrogen input andgenetic selection offer hope for reducing THE CALIFORNIA TREE FAILURE REPORT Montereypine branchfailure. PROGRAM

TREE DHGNOSES, CALIFORNIA DEPT. The California TheeFailrne Report Programwas estab FOOD AI\D AGRICT]LTURE. lished in 1987to collect quantitativeinformation about urban tree failures. This information is usedto develop The CaliforniaDepartmentofFood and Agriculure is "failure profiles" for generaand speciesto mtre accu- often askedto identify the causeof injury or diseaseon rat€ly assessfailure probability in standingtrees. variousspecies of frees.The 1994diagnoses are given Overl0O tree-careprofessionals are cooperatingin this in Thble10. effort by systematicallyinspecting fallen trees,or tre€

40 Table 10. InJury And DlscaseDtagnoscs From TheesMade By The Callfornia Department of Food and Agrlculture - 1994Laboratory Samples

Ilost Thee Diagnosls County

Abies concolor Lasio dip lo dia theob ro ne El Dorado M acrop lnmina phaseo lini

Abiesconcolor Lasio dip lo dia theob ro me El Dorado

Acer macrophylum Rhytisnwpunctatum SantaClara

Acer palmatum Verticilliumdahliae SanMateo

Acer palmatum Armillaria mellea Sacramento

Acer sacchnrinurn Arnillaria nellea Sacramento

Celtis occidentalis Phytophthorasp. Tehama

Cinnamomumcamphora Armillaria mellea Sacramento

Cornus sp. Phomopsissp. Butte

Cupres so qp aris leylandii Seridiumcardinale SanJoaquin

Cupres suss emp erv irens Seridiumcardinale Humboldt

Eriobotryajaponica Entomosporiummespili Fresno

Fraxinusnigra Disculafraxinea SanMateo, Solano

Juglanssp. Microstromajuglandis SantaClara

Juniperussabina tanariscifulia Dothiorellasp. and girdling Lake

Liquidambersp. Physiological,drought sEes Shasta

Liquidambersp. Sunburnand drought stress Sonoma

Lirio dendrontulip ifera Physiological,drought stress SantaCruz

Liriodendronsp. Chemicalinjury Colusa

Malus sp. Rhizoctoniasp. El Dorado

Malus sylvestris Mite feeding dannge Alameda

Malus sylvestris Venturiainaequalis SanBernardino, (Apple scab) San Mateo, and Tulare

Malus sylvestris Irrigation problems Yolo

Malus sylvestris Apple mosaicvirus SanJoaquin

41 Department of Food and From Tbees Made By The callfornta Table--lg"r*rl"['"tgqc 10. InJury And Dtscase Dlagnoses Itno"atory Samples (contlnued)

CountY Dlagnosls Ilost Thee Nevada GymnosPorangium Malus sYlvestris juniperi'virginianae Sacranrento Excessirrigation Malus sYlvestris SantaClara Wooly aPhidgalt Malus sYlvestris SantaClara CrytosporioPsissP- Malus sYlvestris (Perennialcanker) Sacramento Erwinia amYlotora Malus sYlvestris (Fireblight) Placer ConiothYrium MimosasP. Colusa Gophersgirdling baseof tree MimosasP' Sacramento' Oliveknot Olea euroPaea SancaBarbara

Tehama Rodent damage Olea euroPaea MontereY Fusariumsubglutinans Pinusradiata (Pitch canker) SanFrancisco PestalotioPsissP. Pinusradiata mite feeding Ventura Pints sP. Spider Butt€ Growth hormoneherbicide Platanusoccidentalis Colusa,Shasta' Discula PlantanussP- Platani (Anthracnose) Tuolumne Merced Geneticaberration Prunuswicum Humboldt Prunusavicum PhloeosPorellaPadi (Cherry leaf spot) Placer Powderymildew PrunusPersica Sutt€r Nuuient deficiencY PrunusPersica Humboldt Armillaria mellea PrunusPersica Sacramento PowderYmildew PrunusPersica Sacraurento MoniliniasP. Prunus armeniaca (BrownRot)

42 Table 10. InJury And Disease DiagnosesFrom Trees Made By The California Deparhnent of Food and Agriculture - 1994 Laboratory Samples (continued)

Ifost Tbee Diagnosis County

Prunus dulcis Kabatiellaprunicola Placer Stanislaus

Prunus dulcis Herbicidedrift Butte Prunus sp. Transzcheliadiscolor Mendocino Pseudotsuga menziesii Ceratocystissp El Dorado Pseudotsuga menziesii Heatburn SantaClara lobata Quercus Powderymildew SantaClara

Quercussp. Annillaria mellea Sacramento

Quercussp. Powderymildew SanMateo Rhamnus ilicifolia Pucciniamesieriana SanDiego Robinia ambigua Powderymildew SanDiego Rubussp. Coniothyriumsp. El Dorado Salix niobe Botryosphaeriacanker Humboldt Ja/ir sp. Melampsorasp. Colusa (Rust)

Sequoia sp. Excesswater & poor drainage Shasta Sequoiasp. Sunburn Sacramento Sequoiadendron Botryosphaeriacanker Sacramento gigantium

Ulmuscrassifulia Ophiostomaulmi Sacranento (Dutchelm disease) Ulmuspaevis Ophiostomaulmi SanMateo Ultnuspamifolia Ophiostomaulmi ContraCosta Ulrnusprocera Ophiostonaulmi Sacranento Ulmus sp. Ophiostomaulmi Sacranento,San Mateo Ulmus sp. Gloeosporium ContraCosta (Anthracnose)

43 M UNITEO STA.TESO€PARTMEIIT OF ACRICULTURE. FORCST 3ERVICE CALIFORNIA FONEST PC3T CONTROL ACTION COUNCIL

FOREST PESTDF,TECTION REPORT

I. COUNTY: t FoRcsr (Fs oNLY): t. DrsTBrcr (FrsoNLI):

.. LEGAL DESCRTPTION: t. LCAIIONS ?. LAND OWNER.SHII! T B. t. roREsTsERvtcE tl s. Z OTHERFEOERAL Tf

5. DATE: I.STAT€ L] {.PRIVATE cf t. SUSPECTED CAUSE(S) OF INJURY: 9. SIZE(S) Ol TBEE(S) AFFECTEDS lo. lAaT(s) oF TREE(sl r. trirsEcT E 5.cHEMtcAt [] r. SEEDUT{8fl 4.SAwTTMsER r. R00T El 5.TVYTG tl 2. DISEASE f] 6.MEGHATICAL E] z sAPuflc cl tl 2.88A1{CH El 6.FoUAGE tl 3.AN|MAT [] 7.WEED tl 3.POTE E 5.OVERMATURE 3.LEA0ER tr] 7.8Uo D 4.WEATHEB n 8. Ur{Krrtotvil tl tl 4.80tE rl '1.c01{E D

IT. SPECIES AFFECTED: r,. NUXBER AFFECTED: I3. ACRES AFFECTED:

I'. INJURY DISTRIBUTION: T5. STATUS OI ITJURY:

I. SCATTEREDf] 1 GROUPEOT] l. DECREASTilGfl Z STATICD 3.lllCREASlt{GD 16. PLANTATION ? r?. STAND COL?CrSrTrON(SPECIES): lt. STAND AGE ANI' SIZI CLASS: r. YES tl I9. STAND DENSITY (BASAL AREA): zo. SITE quAIJrTYr 2.ilo fl

2T. PEST NAMES (IF KNOWN). AND RE}IARKS (SYXPTOMS AND CONTRIBUTTNG FACTORS':

SAIIPLE 23. ACTION REQUESTED: 2'. BEPORTER'S XA.ME: 25. BEPORTER'S AGENCY: FORWARDED l. YoURlttF0RMAT|0N ottltY t] t. YES Cl Z tAB IDEIITIFICATIOI{ D 26. NEPORTER1S ADDRESS. ZI? CODE. T PHONE NO.: 2.NO n 3.FIEI.D EVALUATIOII tf

rl F tlt z o

2E. REPORT NUMBER: 29. DATE: 30. EXAXTNER1S STGNATURE:

R$3401I1(ReY. ?/82) 'ff ln (:OOPERATIVE,FOREST PEST DETECTION SURVEY ir rponroredb.r.. thc CaliforniaForert Pert Control Ar:lionCorrncil. The PestAction Council encourages Fedcrd, State, end privete land men:gcrr attd individrralr to eonlribute to the Survey'by'cubmittingpcst injury reporb and ramplo in the followingnrtnncr. FEDERALPERSONNEL. Send alldetection reporr throrghdtannell, rnd mail injury rampleswith r copy of $il reportto: USDA,F0REST SERVICE, Forert Pcst Managemcnt 630Sansome Street, San Francirco, Ca g4lI l.

STATEPERSONNEL. Sendall detectionreports through channels, and mail injury sampleswith a copy of this reportto: CALIFOBNIADEPARTMENT OFFORESTRY l4l6-91ftStreet Srramento, Cr. 95814.

PRIVATELAND MANAGERSAND INDIVIDUALS.Send alldetection reportt and tampler to: CALIFOBNIADEPARTMENT OFFORESTBY 1416-9th Street, Sacramento, Ca.95814.

COMPLETINGTHE DETECTIONREPORT FORM.

HITADING (BI,OCKS l-7). Enter all information requested.In Btock 6, LOCATION, notc distinguishinglandmarkr anclplace names so that thc injury centercan be retocated. If possible,attach a location map to this form. lN.lURY DESCRIPTION (BLOCKS 8-15). Check as many boxes asare applicable, and fill in thc requested I S'|AND DESCR|Pl'lON (BLOCKS l6-20). This information will aid thc cxaminer in detcrmininghow thc stand .InBlockl7,indicatethcmajortreespecicsinthcovcrstoryandundcr. story. ln Block 18, indicate the standagc in yeius,and/or thc sizeclass (sccdling-sapling; pole; young sawtimbcr; nr:rtu rc sarvtinrltcr; ovcrmaturc, or dccadent). l'l':S'l'N,\Ill:S (Bl.OCK 2l). lVrite a detailcddcscription of the pest or pests,the injury symPtoms,and anv contrilluting factors. .\(;l'tON RF:QUUSl'ltD(llLOCK 23). illark "Field Evaluation" only if you considerthc injury seriouscnough to tvurr:rnto p.ofessionatcual"ation. trla.k "Your Information Onty" if you are reporting a condition that docs not require further attention. All reports will be acknowledgedand questionsanswcred on the lowcr part of tJris form. RF:P[,Y(SECIION II). l\{akcno entriesin this btock; for cxamining personnclonly. A copy of this rePort rvill be @c information rcquested. I T,\NDI,I NC SA.\TPLES. @plcswitheachdetectionreport.lfpossiblc,sendseveralspecimensitlustratingthcstages of injury and dectine. Kecp samptescool and ship them immcdiatcly after collection. Send thcm in a rcrew'top mailing tube or other sturdy container,and enctosea complctcd copy of thc detection report. YOURPARTICIPATION IN THECOOPERATIVE FOREST PEST DETECTION SURVEY IS GREATLYNEEDED hXn 'f ppRECIATED.Additional copies of thigform are available from the Forest Service, Forest Pest Managemenl, andfrorn the California Department of Forestry.

46 CALIFORNIA FOREST PEST COUNCIL

COUNCIL AND COMMITTEE OFFICERS- 1994

COUNCIL CHAIR: Scott Johnson - Wilbur-Ellis Co. - Mantcca COUNCIL VICF-CIHIR: Nelsen Money - Pacilic Gas & Electrlc - Grass Valley COUNCIL SECRETARY: Susan Frankel - USDA Forest Servlce - San Francisco

STANDINGCOMMITTEES

Animal Damage Commlttee: Chair: None Secretary: None

Disease Commlttee: Chair: JesseRlos - CDF - Sacranrento Secretary: John Pronos - USDA Forest Service - Sonora

Insect Committee: Chair: Bruce Roettgering - Sunnyvale Secretary: Laura Merrill - USDA Forest Servlce - San Bernardino

Southern Callfornia Comnrittee: Chair: Mike Wilkinson . L.A. County Fire Department - Los Angeles Secretary: Ken Plmlott - CDF - Riverside

Wced Committee: Chair: Fleming Badenfort - Lousianna-Pacific Corp. - Calpella Secretary: Ken Flemlng - Flberboard - Standard Editorial Committee: Chair: Steve Jones - CDF - Sacramento Editor-in-Chief: Allen Robertson - CDF - Sacramento

EXECUTIVE COMMITTE

The Executive Committee is composed of the Council Chair, Vice-Chair, Council Secretary, the Standing Com- mittee Chairs, and the following Members-at-Large:

Jere Melo - Georgia Pacilic Corp. - Fort Bragg George Ferrell - USDA Forest Service, PSW Experiment Station - Redding Andrew Storer - Universitv of California -Berkelev