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Addis Ababa University College of Law and Governance Center for Federalism and Governace Studies

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Addis Ababa University College of Law and Governance Center for Federalism and Governace Studies ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LAW AND GOVERNANCE CENTER FOR FEDERALISM AND GOVERNACE STUDIES THE ACCOMMODATION OF EHNIC MINORITIES IN THE FEDERAL ETHIOPIA: THE CASE OF HADIYA NATIONALITY ZONE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUTE STUDIES OF ADDISS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN THE PRATIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENTS OF MASTER OF ART DEGRE (MA) IN FEDERALISM AND GOVERNANCE STUDIES. BY TIGABU MEKORO ADVISOR: SEYOUM MESFIN (PHD) October, 2018 ADDIS ABABA i Declaration I, Tigabu Mekoro, hereby declare that the Thesis entitled “THE ACCOMMODATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE FEDERAL ETHIOPIA: THE CASE OF HADIYA NATIONALITY ZONE.” submitted by me for the award in Master of Arts in Federalism and Governance Studies at Addis Ababa University. This Thesis is my original work and it has not been presented for the award of any degree in other university or institution, and all sources of materials used for this Thesis have been dully acknowledged. Student Name: Tigabu Mekoro Hundose Signature: ______________ Date: ________________ This Thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as a supervisor Advisor: - Seyoum Mesfin (PhD) Signature: __________________ Date: ______________ i Addis Ababa University College of Law and Governance Center for Federalism and Governance Studies The Accommodation of Ethnic Minorities in the Federal Ethiopia: The Case of Hadiya Nationality Zone Approved by Board of Examiners Seyoum Mesfin (PhD) _____________________ _________________ Advisor Signature Date ________________ _____________________ _________________ Examiner Signature Date ____________________ ___________________ ________________ Examiner Signature Date ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and for most, I would like to give all the glory and praise to the Almighty God for his forgiveness me charity, courage and ability to bring this work to a final stage. In second place, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Seyoum Mesfin (PhD) for his constructive comments, devotion and useful suggestions beginning from the early inception of the concept notes all through the drafts of the Thesis. He has industriously and tolerantly gone through each of my chapters and gave me whole- hearted comments and suggestions, which has immensely helped improve the quality of the work. Also, my special heartfelt gratitude goes to my genuine sisters Kessach and Shagitu Mekoro and respectful fathers Bereket Haile and Mekoro Hundose, as well as the beloved of my mother, Desta Wijore, and great thanks goes to Zebydar Nuramo, Mintesnot and Beniyam and for all of my precious brothers (Legese Mekoro, Tsadeke Mekoro, Melese Mekoro, Tefari Mekoro and to the unforgettable in my heart and lovely brother (Dajane Mekoro), who passed away in last six years ago. Likewise, especial thanks too goes for my deepest and whole-hearted love of my wife Haymanot Fikre (Honey), for their concern throughout the years of the study and have been source of encouragement, financial, material, and moral support. My thanks to them are endless. I am very much grateful to and proud of my friends for their unreserved moral support and they have given me the strength to pass all the difficulties during my two years stay at Addis Ababa University. Mainly great thanks to Mustefa Aman, who have been sharing my worries at the beginning to the end of my study; and to the Abera Lolaso, Solomon Umari, Hailu Hassan, Baharu Mana, Beley Tefari and for among others. It is also, my pleasure to thank all of the research informants for his contribution. Last but by no means the least, especial thanks to all members of center for federal studies and my students at the University of Addis Ababa are in my memory for their lovely spiritual service and friendly cares. Thanks for all!!! iii Table of content Content page Declaration ........................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iii Table of content ................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................. viii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ x CHAPTER- ONE ................................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the study ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ..................................................................................... 6 1.3. Research questions ............................................................................................. 11 1.4 Objectives of the study ....................................................................................... 11 1.5 Significance of the study .................................................................................... 12 1.6 Scope of the study .............................................................................................. 12 1.7 Limitation of the study ....................................................................................... 12 1.8 Research methodology ....................................................................................... 13 1.9 Ethical consideration .......................................................................................... 17 1.10 Organization of the Thesis ................................................................................. 17 CHAPTER-TWO .............................................................................................................. 18 2. MINORITY RIGHTS ................................................................................................ 18 2.1 Defining Minority .............................................................................................. 18 2.2 Political Representation...................................................................................... 22 iv 2.3 Appointment system ........................................................................................... 27 2.4 Language rights .................................................................................................. 28 2.5 Causes of inter-ethnic-conflict ........................................................................... 30 2.6 Impacts of inter-ethnic conflict .......................................................................... 32 2.7. Approach for the accommodation of minority rights ............................................. 34 2.7.1. Legal frameworks in the accommodation of minority rights 34 2.7.2. Institutional approaches in the accommodation of ethnic-minority 42 2.8. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................ 47 CHAPTER-THREE .......................................................................................................... 50 3. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF STUDY AREA .............................................. 50 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 50 3.2 Some Important Reality about SNNPRS ........................................................... 50 3.3 The context of Hadiya Nationality Zone ............................................................ 52 3.4 The people .......................................................................................................... 54 3.5 Ethnic Diversity.................................................................................................. 54 3.6 Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 60 CHAPTER-FOUR ............................................................................................................ 61 4 THE ACCOMMODATION OF MINORITIES IN HADIYA NATIONALITY ZONE ........................................................................................................................ 61 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 61 4.2 Political Representation...................................................................................... 62 4.3. Civil service............................................................................................................ 72 4.4 Appointment and power sharing system ............................................................ 73 4.5 Language rights in education and administration .............................................. 77 CHAPTER-FIVE .............................................................................................................. 80 v 5 CHALLENGES OF ACCOMODATION FOR INTRA-MINORITIES IN HADIYA NATIONALITY ZONE ............................................................................................ 80 5.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 80 5.2
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