Julianstown Road Upgrades, R132 Co. Meath North to South Townlands: Smithstown, Julianstown, Dimanistown East, Ballygarth, Whitecross

Julianstown Road Upgrades, R132 Co. Meath North to south townlands: Smithstown, Julianstown, Dimanistown East, Ballygarth, Whitecross

Site Area: Upgrades over 2,100m of existing R132 road pavement plus tie-in works at four side junctions

ITM: North: 712994, 771138 South: 714215, 769572

Record of Monuments and Places ME028-007: Wayside Cross (‘White Cross’) and ME028-067 Battlefield (general area for skirmish along R132 / Julianstown Bridge in 1641)

Architectural Conservation Area Julianstown Architectural Conservation

Record of Protected Structures Julianstown R132 Bridge RPS MH028-212 / NIAH 14323002 ITM 713403, 770371. Also proposed works on terrace of 6 houses RPS MH028-205, -206, -207, -209, -210, -211 (all NIAH 14323004) plus associated 7th house.

Vicinity of Julianstown Barracks, MH028-202, Courthouse MH028-204, Old Mill Building MH028-208 Bungalow MH028-217 and Milestone LA RPS ID Draft No: 91563

Heritage Desk Based Review and Assessment Niall Roycroft, 19th February 2021

Non-Technical Summary

Meath County Council is proposing to upgrade the R132 and the four associated junctions at Julianstown, (ITM 713403, 770371 centre) in Smithstown, Julianstown, Dimanistown East, Ballygarth, Whitecross townlands, County Meath. Road upgrades are over a distance of 2.1km and include improving road paving, footpaths-cycleways and kerbing realignment.

The present R132 is the previous N1 Dublin-Belfast road via Drogheda and has been extensively widened and straightened in the later 20th C. Since the opening of the M1 in 2002, further traffic calming measures, footpaths and central reservations have been installed. There are four significant R132 straightening sections involving cut-off sections of the old road and the whole R132 has been widened over any previous roadside ditches and grass verges and almost all of the present roadside boundary is recent (apart from the cut-off sections).

Archaeologically, Julianstown was the location for the 1641 Battle of Julianstown (ME028- 067) which was a short and bloody skirmish in and around Julianstown Bridge and is noted by a plaque on the bridge, erected in 1967. To the south of Julianstown is the present location (in a private garden) of the White Cross ME028-007: a 17th century wayside cross that is apparently one of the local Jenet Dowdall series. Since the proposed works are to be completed entirely within the existing road footprint there is very little potential for discovering archaeological remains.

The main impact of the proposed scheme is architectural. Julianstown Architectural Conservation area runs for c.310m (project chainage Ch680-990) from Julianstown village to the southern end of Julianstown Bridge. Works are proposed along the E side of the R132 in this area and from N to S they are: • Ch680-805: upgrading of present wide footpath to shared cycleway-footpath. The footpath is recent and the associated public house car park boundary wall is low, modern stone faced blockwork.

• Ch805-850: The present footpath here passes in front of a six-house terrace of protected structures MH028-205, MH028-206, MH028-207, MH028-209, MH028- 210 and MH028-211 between Ch805-855. The footpath-roadside kerb junction is defined by a low sill wall with concrete capping and through this, opposite each house front door was a pair of bollards forming an opening, separated by a limestone threshold. The bollards were then linked by chains. There were originally 16 such bollards of which only 2 ½ currently remain plus a loose, broken one. The seventh house in this row is of the same architectural design but only single storey and was associated with the same bollard arrangement. The fifth, sixth and seventh houses in this row have completed removed with sill wall to allow for car parking. The proposal is to reinstate all the bollards, chains and the sill wall further towards the building facade to allow the cycleway adequate width and safety.

• Ch855-990: Julianstown Bridge RPS ME028-212 (built c.1880) and approach causeways have a low parapet wall 0.40-0.50m high. For safety reasons a railing is proposed on top of this wall all along the E side, to raise a barrier to 1.50m. The present E side causeway and bridge parapet capping treatment is o Ch855-880 large cow-and-calf masonry (including repairs from damage in 2014)

o Ch880-900: low quality mass concrete o Ch900-915: large horizontally laid masonry slabs on parapet wall and also with larger slabs to cover buttresses. These are mostly lifting and cracking from frost action. No chamfers on edges o Ch915-940 (Julianstown three-arch Bridge proper) cut stone chamfered stone capping. An OS bench mark is marked in the centre of the Bridge on the E side. Also in this location is the 1641 commemorative plaque erected in 1967. o Ch940-955: Large horizontally laid masonry slabs on parapet wall and also with larger slabs to cover buttresses. These are mostly lifting and cracking from frost action. No chamfers on edges. Two sections of this have been replaced with concrete, probably as repairs after traffic damage. o Ch955-1000: low quality mass concrete. o The bridge causeway then runs into the now-cut off previous roadside wall of the R132 and the capping returns briefly to horizontally laid rough slabs and then moves to a solid soldier course till roughly Ch1080 when it becomes concrete approaching a modern gate at Ch1090. The remainder of the previous R132 roadside walling is nap rendered and concrete capped masonry wall with occasional pedestrian accesses.

NOTE on Bollards. There are at least four types of bollard used at Julianstown: • Type 1: Courthouse and Barracks RPS: These are purpose-built for these locations and have a smooth, slightly tooled finish with a chamfered top and a formal, cut base. The fixings are iron brackets specially shaped to fit over the top chamfer; there is a large, central hammer finished knob and side eyes.

• Type 2: Terrace of six RPS plus one house on E side of R132. Reused hammer/pecked finished limestone bollards. Top of bollard has no chamfer but is rounded with notches from previous chain guides. The base is not designed to be seen but is rough finished and hidden in the concrete of the associated capping walls. The fixings seem to be the same design as those of bollard Type 1, but the base plate is hammered into whatever rounded shape the top of the bollard has. Fixings stamped with ‘B.T’.

• Type 3: the northernmost and southernmost bollards in the line associated with the terraced houses on E side of R132 seem to have a newly made base and a cut-down top of a Type 2 bollard that is attached to the cut stone base using dowels

• Type 4: Buildings 54-55 on W side of R132. These bollards are the same as Type 2 with rounded tops, chain guide notches for previous layout and unworked base. However, these bollards have the original fixings of a single eye to which hooks are attached.

The original location for the pecked-finish bollards seen as Type 2 and Type 4 (which total a minimum of 25, possible 27 with the cut-down Type 3) is not known. Many show angle

notches or straight-to-straight notches to guide chains at corners etc. It is possible they are reused from some harbour quayside refurbishment works, perhaps from Drogheda.

• The bollard type associated with House 58 at the N end on W side of R132 is not known since the bollards are hidden in a hedge. These bollards appear to have a finish similar to those of Type 1. This building, in a street view image of 2009 shows a series of mushroom capped bollards that are typically associated with agricultural ‘corn stands’ / grain stores. Such ‘corn stand’ bollards may also have been used for the hedged boundary area. There were originally six here of which five survive.

The present footpath width is to be widened to become a joint cycleway-footpath. This will push the traffic carriageways into the area of the existing cycle track (which will be erased) on the W side of the bridge. No footpath on the W side of the bridge is proposed.

The Julianstown ACA western side is due to retain the existing form of footpaths (where they occur) and roadside boundaries. The W side of the ACA has several sections:

• Ch680-780: R132 boundary is a high masonry wall (partly ivy-covered), sometimes including masonry building gable ends and some rank shrubs/trees to the rear.

• Ch780-855: this is a series of buildings linked by similar roadside treatment of property boundaries defined by low sill walls and capped with regular bollards linked by chains. However, each property has its own arrangement of bollard placement and beyond a pair at each entrance gate there is no overall design. The buildings (from N- S) include a previous Dispensary, the previous Barracks RPS MH028-202, the previous courthouse MH028-204 and the R150 corner building that is the mid-later 19th C previous Police Station (before barracks MH028-202 was built c.1903). This corner building was subsequently converted into the Julianstown post-office and is not on the RPS. There were originally 24 street frontage bollards linked by chains (plus another 2 or 3 on side alleys) of which 13 remain in situ. There is no designed linkage of lines or levels between the bollards on the W side and the E side of the R132, apart from the fact that all bollards appear to be of granite, are the same design and were linked to each other by similar chains.

• Ch860 is the R150 Duleek Road junction which is steeply sloping up to the R132 due to the late 19th C raising of the Julianstown Bridge deck from the previous (demolished) bridge shown on the 1650s Down Survey.

• Ch870-990: Julianstown Bridge with approach causeways and junction to L56221 at southern end. Parapet treatment of the bridge is cut stone masonry

• Ch990. On the W side of the bridge, in an area of recent landscaping (replacing some buildings that were previously demolished during road widening and straightening) is the Julianstown Milestone LA RPS ID Draft No: 91563, set next to a modern mesh fence.

1 Introduction

Fig 1: Approx outline of route Chainage (Ch) runs from 000 to north to Ch2100 to south

General site description

The most significant proposals are within the Julianstown Architectural Conservation Area are: • to take down, rebuild and reconstruct the sill wall, bollards and chain link footpath boundaries to the terrace of six protected structures MH028-205, MH028-206, MH028-207, MH028-209, MH028-210 and MH028-211, plus the seventh non- protected structure on eastern side of the R132 opposite the Courthouse RPS MH028- 204 and the Barracks RPS 028-202. The present run of bollards and walls at the terraced houses is currently in a very poor condition and is built 2.5m from the face of the terrace houses. The proposal is to move the boundary line to 1.5m from the face of the protected structures. The southern 5th, 6th and 7th houses in this run have previously entirely removed this boundary to allow for owners car parking. Discussions with the owners over proposals in front of their properties are still on- going.

• to add a safety railing to Julianstown Bridge Protected Structure ME028-212 (built c.1880) eastern parapet raising the height from c.0.60m to 1.50m and

Fig 2: Julianstown ACA from the ACA Written Statement with annotations

Fig 3: Julianstown summary of special character from ACA statement (with annotation)

Fig 4: Extract from Meath Record of Protected Structures Map 28

Fig 5: Archaeological and historical summary of Julianstown

2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 Topography

Fig 6: Summary of topography

Julianstown is a crossing point on the River Nanny just to the W of a bend in the river that has a high archaeological potential. The River Nanny itself is still prone to flooding and in the past would have flooded the present valley floor frequently. However, the valley floor is fairly narrow and overlooked by valley sides and a large terrace to the E. It is likely there was a significant crossing point of the River Nanny in the immediate area in the past and such areas are almost always overlooked by archaeological settlements. Julianstown is also on an E-W route along the River Nanny valley that is now associated with the R150. It is likely that the present R150 Duleek Road to the W once carried straight on to the E just to the N of the present bridge.

2.2 Record of Monuments and Places While the area is known for a considerable number of archaeological remains (Fig 7), the known sites and Monuments (RMP) around Julianstown village is quite limited.

Fig 7: Summary of RMP

Within any proximity to the proposed works the RMP is limited to two entries: ME028-067 (battlefield) and ME028-007 Wayside Cross (17th C) present location.

ME028-067---- Scope note

Class: Battlefield

Townland: BALLYGARTH,DALYSTOWN,DIMANISTOWN EAST,DIMANISTOWN WEST,JULIANSTOWN WEST,SMITHSTOWN

(Duleek Lower By.)

Scheduled for inclusion in the next revision of the RMP: No

The above notes that this is not an actual site or monument, but is a reference to an area of general potential. The details of the Battle referred are at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Julianstown

Battle of Julianstown From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia

Battle of Julianstown

Part of the Irish Confederate Wars

Date 29 November 1641 Location Julianstown, County Meath Result Irish victory

Belligerents

Royalists Irish rebels

Commanders and leaders

Sir Patrick Wemyss Rory O'Moore

Philip O'Reilly

Strength

650 3,000

Casualties and losses

500 killed or captured low

The Battle of Julianstown was fought during the Irish Rebellion of 1641, at Julianstown near Drogheda in eastern Ireland, on 29 November 1641.[1]

Prelude[edit] The prelude to the planned Siege of Drogheda 1641, Ulster insurgents led by Sir Phelim O'Neill and supporters from Cavan and Monaghan were en route to lay siege to the strategic garrison, grain store and seaport. In their plan to replace English rule in Ireland, the insurgents had already attacked several towns and villages within the Pale, including the palace of the Protestant Bishop of Meath and the burning of Navan and Athboy.

The battle[edit] Either by chance or otherwise the insurgents came upon an untrained and hastily raised force of Government soldiers, largely composed of planter refugees from the northern counties sent against them. The two sides met at the bridge at Julianstown. The royalist commanders, Sergeant-Major Roper and Sir Patrick Wemyss, gave the order to counter-march, which the half- trained recruits misinterpreted as a march to the rear. The royalist army began slowly edging backwards. However, the rebel force believed that the royalists had shouted contúirt bháis! (danger of death). The Irish, upon hearing this and seeing the panic and confusion amongst the royalist force let loose with a war cry and charged with unyielding ferocity. What followed was a simple rout. The soldiers attempted to hold them off by firing in volleys, but were unable to co-ordinate their actions and panicked when they saw the rebels bearing down on them. Many threw down their muskets and ran away, the remainder being either killed or captured. One disputed source tells that the rebels spared the Irish in the soldier’s ranks, but killed the English and Scots. It is noted from the Cavan depositions that several of those men killed at Julianstown were in fact Irish-

resident refugees who had joined the ranks of the army, having previously been robbed and expelled from their homes by the insurgents. The officer in charge of the Crown's forces at Julianstown was Sir Patrick Wemyss. His account of the battle can be read in his letter to the Earl Ormonde, recorded in the Calendar of State Papers relating to Ireland, 1641.

Aftermath[edit] The consequences of the Julianstown skirmish were out of proportion to its military significance. The victory by the insurgents made them seem much more formidable than they actually were, and helped to spread the rebellion to the rest of Ireland. In the event they failed in the ensuing siege, and withdrew. Wemyss described the rebel forces as "..not to be undervalued, and are no contemptible men". Roper reached Drogheda with 100 men; the rest of his infantry had been killed or captured. It was also a rude wake up call for Ormonde and his fellow commanders in Ireland, and showed the determination and support in Ireland for the insurgents led by most of the landed gentry. Ormonde called for reinforcements from England and was to mount a considerable counter- offensive in parts of Leinster in the spring of 1642. This indirectly helped to prolong the English Civil War, as the English royalist forces absent in Ireland would have greatly improved the King's chances at the Battle of Edgehill later in 1642.

The WHITE CROSS to the south of Julianstown has the following reference

ME028-007---- Scope note

Class: Cross - Wayside cross

Townland: WHITECROSS

Scheduled for inclusion in the next revision of the RMP: Yes

Description: Situated in a level landscape on the E side of the R132 Julianstown to Gormanstown and Balbriggan road, c.

1km SE of Julianstown bridge. Whitecross townland is marked on the Taylor and Skinner Maps of the Roads of Ireland (1783) and the cross is indicated as a feature (Andrews 1969, 2). An octagonal sandstone shaft (dims 0.29m x 0.29m; H 0.8m) has a mortice on top and half the sides have stops morphing into a rectangular form at the bottom. It is set in a rectangular limestone base (dims 0.82m x 0.72m; H c. 0.3m) with chamfered upper edges. There is no inscription. It is now in the front garden of a house.

The above description is derived from the published 'Archaeological Inventory of County Meath' (Dublin: Stationery Office,

1987). In certain instances the entries have been revised and updated in the light of recent research.

Compiled by: Michael Moore

Date of revision: 17 April, 2015

References:

• 1. Andrews, J.H. (ed.) 1969 Maps of the roads of Ireland. Shannon. Irish University Press.

• 2. Ward, M. 1968 The parish of Ballygarth. Ríocht na Mídhe, 4, 2, 79-87. Zoom to

In addition to the above there are some folklore references to this cross, which is one of several ‘Dowdall’ crosses set up in the area:

The white Cross https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/5008904/4965486/5238702?ChapterID=5008904

In a garden belonging to Mr James Halpin of White Cross which formerly was owned by the Tiernan family for generations stands a stone cross. About three hundred yards from this school Mr Halpins place stands. Mr John Tiernan's grandfather took this cross from a field at the back of the school called the Cross field. He took it up with horses and erected it in his garden which is now belonging to Mr Halpin. Under this cross there are some stones which belong to the Cross. The cross consists of a stone pedestal surmounted by a hexagonal column. Under the base of the cross are some stones belonging to the cross and may probably be the arms. There are no inscriptions on either the cross or the pedestal.

Given by Mr J. Halpin, Whitecross, Julianstown, to Leo Duffy, Claristown, Julianstown

2.3 Details of the Excavations.ie entries

Fig 8: Summary of nearby excavations

There are three Excavations entries relevant to Julianstown. Of these a Gas Pipeline works in 1988 located a series of souterrains and some early medieval settlement activity in the fields to the west of the village at ME028-022. The location of this archaeological site is at the upper break of slope overlooking a stretch of the River Nanny, but aerial photos of 1995,

2000, 2005, 2010 and Google and Bing do not really show substantial accompanying field systems as cropmarks. There is the hint of rings on the 1995 OS and the 2010 shows discolorations along the break of slope.

1988:55 - Smithstown, Meath: THIS IS RMP ME028:022 (See Fig 14-15)

County: Meath Site name: Smithstown

Sites and Monuments Record No.: N/A Licence number: —

Author: Margaret Gowen, 5 St Catherine

Site type: Early Christian settlement(?) with souterrains

ITM: E 663930m, N 776458m

Latitude, Longitude (decimal degrees): 53.733853, -7.031072

NB ITM is wrong. The site lies at the top of a south facing rise in ground extending north of the River Nanny just about a quarter of a mile to the west of Julianstown on the Duleek road. It was discovered when the soft humic fill of two souterrain galleries, along with spreads of charcoal flecked and oxidised soil, were revealed. In spite of local tradition that large trees had been cut and removed from the area, a decision was made to investigate these features archaeologically. Excavations revealed portions of four souterrains, one of which was only discovered after trenching. To the north of the souterrains a series of gullies and ditches was revealed, at least some of which may be contemporary with the souterrains. An interpretation of these features has not been reached. The remains occur over a 60m stretch of pipeline corridor. There was no evidence for a ringfort type enclosing element, though there was a curious, very wide, ditch-like escarpment at the south side of the site into the fill of which two of the souterrains had been built.

The Souterrains These all occurred at the south of the area of archaeological activity. After topsoil removal, two well preserved souterrain galleries were located and fully revealed. Investigation of the fill of the ditch like escarpment to the south of these revealed a side wall of another gallery. The fourth structure was not discovered until trenching cut through it.

All the souterrains were built of rounded borders and roughly quarried, blocky slabs, between 0.3m 0.5m in size. None of the walls survived to a height of more than 0.6m 0.7m, indicating a severe truncation of the old ground level.Souterrain 1. This consisted of the gently sloped, cobbled, 2.5m long entrance ramp leading to a neatly constructed souterrain gallery, a 6m length of which was exposed leading westwards under the topsoil spoilheap. It was max. 1 .4m wide.

The exposed portion within the pipeline corridor was filled with two deposits. The upper deposit was a compact clay lying on a second, lower, homogenous, soft, humic, charcoal flecked earth containing a few fragments of animal bone but no artefacts.

Souterrain 2. This structure had no obvious entrance and may have been entered through a drop-hole creep or similar type entrance. It ran east-west for a distance of just over 7m and had a slightly expanded terminal at the west. It was 0.6m wide and survived up to l.4m in depth. It was located at, and ran along, the upper edge of the escarpment described above and its southern wall appears to have been built into/abutting the material backfilled into the scarped feature. The nature of the stratigraphic relationship could not be determined as the soil was loose and friable and no construction-trench edge was located. Excavation of the interior of this structure revealed a number of post-hole-like pits, under the loose humic backfill, which may predate the structure. The fill of one pit at the end wall of the structure produced a decorated bone spindle whorl.

Souterrain 3. This structure was revealed at the eastern limit of the pipeline corridor, built into the loose fill of the escarpment. Only one side wall, its stones set characteristically with their long axes at right angles to the wall face, ran for a distance of 5.5m north south and since it was the western wall of the structure it was not possible to excavate the interior. No construction trench could be defined in the fill deposit into which it was built. Souterrain 4. This structure was covered by graded soil when the site was excavated and the unfortunate placing of one of the excavation spoilheap hid it until machine trenching for the gas pipe cut a section through it. The structure was revealed in the eastern section face of the pipeline trench only, and was not revealed on the opposing side, 2m from it. It would appear, therefore, that the structure may have had a drop-hole entrance as in Souterrain 2 and that it ran eastwards. The portion exposed in the section was 1 .4m wide and lm high. The side walls were noticeably corbelled inwards. It was backfilled with three layers of loose, humic, ash and charcoal flecked soil.

Other Features The Escarpment. This feature ran east-west across the pipeline corridor and when first excavated was thought to represent the remains of a ditch line as it was simply scarped on the down-slope towards the river. At its northern edge it had a depth of 0.8m max., deepening to In and it was filled with two deposits. The upper deposit was a loose friable loamy soil, containing animal bone, shell, ashy lenses and charcoal. The lower deposit was a soft, silty clay which also contained some animal bone and shell. Excavation of a 5m long cutting revealed no counterscarp for this feature but examination of the spread of loose humic soil representing the upper fill of the feature and examination of the section face in the trench line, revealed that the escarpment was c. 1 8m wide. It was cut into an isolated beach/river gravel deposit which occurred in this exact position.

Since no opposing ditch was revealed at the north of this site the interpretation reached, after examination of the hand excavated cutting and the cross section displayed in the trench line, was that the area must have been quarried for gravel during the Early Christian period and had been backfilled at that time with material containing occupation debris, prior to the construction of the souterrains

Features to the north of the site. 15m to the north of the souterrains a series of ditches, gullies and related features were revealed. The first of these to be excavated and which produced a sherd of E-ware in its fill (the only sherd of early Christian pottery retrieved from this site during the excavation), was an annular gully describing roughly one quarter of a circle 7m 8m in diameter, which extended into a wide, deep trench running north/west/south/east to the north. It was felt that this feature, which has a V-section to U-section profile up to 0.5m wide and 0.3m 0.35m deep, could represent the foundation trench of a structure, but there were no

internal structural elements and no subsequent evidence to reinforce this interpretation.

Abutting the inner edge of this feature close to its southern and only terminal, was a curious keyhole plan pit, the circular portion of which measured 0.9m in diameter and up to 0.5m deep. The inner surfaces of this pit were oxidised to such an extent that it appears to have served as a kiln oven, though for what purpose was not discovered. Examination of the soil which filled the feature may help to solve this problem.

A second, curvilinear, V-section gully, an 11m length of which was traced from a shallow terminal, lay to the south-west of the above, extending west towards and under the topsoil spoilheap. It may also have served a structural function. It was nearly 0.7m deep at the limit of excavation. The fill of this feature contained a large percentage of stones in a loose humic fill close to the terminal, but where it extended beyond the limit of excavation it had three deposits of fill which were relatively stone-free humic clays.

Unfortunately the relationships between the fills of the large ditch which extended north west of the former curvilinear gully, and further ditch/gully features lying to the north of these, which were composed of remarkably uniform stoney clays with a very low humic content is unclear. It was impossible during excavation to discern the sequence in which these features were cut. Further work on the plans and details of the fills sampled, may, however, help lead towards an interpretation.

Animal bone was recovered from all archaeological features, though no artefacts were found in the fill of these features apart from the one sherd of F-ware described above.

2001:1008 - Laytown–Bettystown, Meath

County: Meath Site name: Laytown–Bettystown

Sites and Monuments Record No.: N/A Licence number: 01E1175

Author: Rob Lynch, Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd, 8 Dungar Terrace, Dun Laoghaire, Co. Dublin.

Site type: No archaeological significance

ITM: E 715819m, N 773498m

Latitude, Longitude (decimal degrees): 53.698324, -6.2460

The East Meath Sewerage Scheme involves the construction of a sewage pipeline c. 20km in length running through areas of land in Mornington, Donacarney, Bettystown, Betaghstown, Laytown and Julianstown to service existing and future residential housing. The scheme also involves amendments to the existing pipeline and modifications to six existing pumping stations along the route.

Monitoring commenced on site in July 2001 and will continue until December 2002. To date nothing of archaeological significance has been discovered.

2010:522 - Julianstown West, Meath

County: Meath Site name: Julianstown West

Sites and Monuments Record No.: N/A Licence number: 10E0489

Author: Dave Bayley, Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd, 120b Greenpark Road, Bray, Co. Wicklow.

Site type: No archaeological significance

ITM: E 713427m, N 770518m

Latitude, Longitude (decimal degrees): 53.672087, -6.283370

Testing was undertaken in advance of a proposed residential development at Julianstown West, Julianstown, Co. Meath. The work, untaken on behalf of Cooney Architects, took place on 24 November 2010. The area of proposed development was located on the northern banks of the River Nanny off the Old Laytown Road. The topography of the site sloped sharply from the north to the River Nanny in the south.

Testing followed on from a geophysical survey (10R126) and a desktop assessment undertaken in September 2010. In total, thirteen trenches were excavated across the development area, several of which targeted a number of geophysical anomalies. Nothing of archaeological significance was identified during the programme of testing.

2.4 Map regression 1650s Down Survey

Fig 9: extract of 1650 Down Survey

Fig 10: Details from Down Survey transferred to 1837 OS

1777-85 Taylor & Skinner Map

Fig 11: Fig 11: 1777-85 Taylor & Skinner shows the R132 Julianstown Bridge – which pre- dates the present bridge – in exactly the same position as the present bridge

William Larkin Map 1812-17

Fig 12: Larkin has the main road to Duleek on the S side of the River Nanny, but a track on the present R150 Duleek road is shown on the Taylor & Skinner map Fig 11

1837 OS

Fig 13: Map regression overlaid onto 1837 OS

Fig 14: Detail of Julianstown village on R132 in 1837

1888-1913 OS

Fig 15: Detail of Julianstown village on R132 in 1888-1913 OS

2.5 Lewis Topographic Dictionary http://www.libraryireland.com/topog/J/Julianstown-Lower-Duleek-Meath.php

JULIANSTOWN, a parish, in the barony of LOWER DULEEK, county of MEATH, and province of LEINSTER, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from Drogheda, on the road to Dublin; containing 736 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated upon the Nanny Water, and is bounded on the west by the Irish sea, extends 2 ½ miles in length; the road from Gormanstown to Drogheda passes through it. There is a bridge over the Nanny Water, at which a battle was fought in 1641, between the royal army and the Irish, in which the former was defeated. This engagement, although trifling in itself, had a very considerable effect in giving encouragement to the future operations of the insurgents, and in reducing the numbers of the king's forces, whole regiments having deserted the royal standard and joined the native forces under O'Moore. The parish comprises 2891 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act: the land is generally good and chiefly under tillage. There is no bog, but some good limestone quarries. The principal seats are Ninch, the residence of Edward E. Doran, Esq.; Little Ninch, of John Francis Leland, Esq.; Smythstown, of Richard O'Callaghan, Esq.; Julianstown, of William Moore, Esq.; the glebe-house, of the Rev. William Vandeleur; and Rock Bellew, the property of E. Doran, Esq. The village comprises about 30 houses, and has a penny post to Drogheda and Balbriggan, a dispensary, a constabulary police station, and petty sessions fortnightly.

The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, united by diocesan authority to the vicarages of Moorechurch, Stamullen, and Clonalvey, and in the patronage of the Marquess of Drogheda; the rectory is impropriate in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners and Mr. Pollard. The tithes amount to £250, of which £70 is payable to the vicar, and £180 to the impropriators, the latter sum being given as an augmentation to the vicarage of St. Peter's, Drogheda. The entire value of the benefice, tithe and glebe inclusive, is £407. 5. 6., exclusively of 10 acres attached to the glebe-house, which was built in 1816 by a gift of £400, and a loan of the same amount from the late Board of First Fruits. The glebe comprises 11a. 1r. 37p., and the glebes of the union amount to 49a. 1r. 27 ½p. The church is a neat edifice, erected in 1770. In the R. C. divisions the parish forms part of the union or district of Stamullen: on the townland of Demanistown is a chapel, a neat modern building in the Gothic style. The Protestant parochial school, situated near the church, is supported by the incumbent and other subscribers; and there is a school under the superintendence of the parish priest, the average number of children being about 70.

BALLYGARTH, a parish, in the barony of LOWER DULEEK, county of MEATH, and province of LEINSTER, 4 miles (N. W.) from Balbriggan; containing 96 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the Nanny water, on the eastern coast, and is skirted on the west by the mail coach road from Dublin, by Balbriggan, to Drogheda. It comprises 810 statute acres, of which 758 are applotted under the tithe act: the lands are principally under grass, and the parish is remarkably well planted; the hedge-rows abound with thriving trees, and the scenery is generally pleasing. Ballygarth Castle, the seat of Lieut.-Colonel T. Pepper, is picturesquely situated on the banks of the Nanny water; the demesne, which is well wooded, comprises 486 statute acres, and contains the ruins of the ancient parish church. Corballis House, the seat of J. Smith Taylor, Esq., is pleasantly situated in a demesne of 372 statute acres of fertile land. At the mouth of the Nanny water is a coast-guard station, which is one of the nine that constitute the district of Swords. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the Crown; the tithes amount to £62. There is neither church nor glebe-house; near the ruins of the old church are two acres of glebe, and there are other detached portions, amounting in the whole to four acres. In the R. C. divisions the parish forms part of the union or district of Stamullen.

2.6 Folklore

Whitecross School https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/5008904/4965576/5239038?ChapterID=5008904 White Cross School was built in the year 1842 by funds locally subscribed. The first teacher was a Mr. Kavanagh. He was succeeded by a Mr John Horan with Miss Heffernan as work mistress. Mr John Horan was succeed by Mr T Madden with Miss Heffernan still as work mistress. Mr T Madden left and went to Slane and was succeeded by Mr John Ryan who hailed from Tipperary whose sister Miss Ryan was Junior Assistant along with him. Mr Ryan went back to Tipperary and was succeeded

by Mr Patrick Henry about the year 1904. His sister Miss Johanna Henry was appointed Junior Assistant mistress in 1906. In 1912 Mr Henry went to teach in Ferbane and was succeeded by Mr John and Mrs O'Farrell in 1912. In 1922 Mr O'Farrell left and was succeeded by Mr Frank Shortt who only remained for six months and in 1925 he was succeeded by the present teacher Mr B. J Walsh. Mrs O'Farrell remained teaching as assistant until she resigned in the year 1938.

Smithy at N end of Julianstown Bridge

There are eight forges in the Parish. There are streams beside nearly all of them. Mr Tiernan owned the forge in Julianstown. It has no particular shape of the door. There is only one fireplace in the Julianstown forge. The forge in Julianstown is beside a crossroads and there is a river running alongside of it. There used to be two blacksmiths employed, Mr Tiernan that owned the forge and his son John Tiernan. All the local horses were shod in that forge.The forge is a slated one.

Mary Donovan Julianstown

In olden days there was a turnpike at Mr Byrne's White Cross Julianstown. There was a thatched house where the present house now stands and a big loft over the door where they used to keep the money. There was an iron railings around the house and also a big iron gate across the road where the cars had to stop and pay tolls a penny or two pence, according to the width of the tyre on the wheel. The narrower the tyre the higher the payment. Funerals were allowed to pass free of charge. There was a footpath for pedestrians on their way to Mass and also on their way to the mill and the Forge. A bay window which ran to the road edge acted as office. The north bound traffic paid at the

South window of the bay and the South bound traffic paid at the North window. The tolls went to the Peppers, owners of the Ballygarth estate. The estate paid the toll collectors in furniture for the house instead of money. When the toll was paid the traveller received a ticket as receipt for his money which bore the words. "This ticket clears Dunleer, Kilineer, and Drogheda gates." https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/5008904/4965496/5238814?ChapterID=5008904

3 ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

3.1 Architectural Conservation Area Julianstown. Statement available from https://www.meath.ie/system/files/upload/Julianstown%20Architectural%20Conservation%2 0Area%20Character%20Statement.pdf

SUMMARY: 9.0 Summary of Special Character Much of the charm of Julianstown derives from its largely unspoilt landscape setting and the picturesque views into and out of the village, set against rolling farmland crowned by large stands of trees. Julianstown retains much built evidence of its industrial past, influenced by its site on the fast flowing River Nanny, with a historic mill complex at its centre, and with views taking in disused historic quarries and a substantial limekiln. Its former civic buildings underline the importance of Julianstown in the East Meath area, and the high quality road bridge, executed by skilled craft-workers, demonstrates the importance of this road link between Dublin and Drogheda. The distinctive, picturesque architecture and boundary detailing contribute to an appreciation of the special character of Julianstown ACA from near and from a distance.

ACA Status means: Planning legislation allows a planning authority to include objectives in its Development Plan to preserve the character of a place, area, group of structures or townscapes that are of special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest or value, or contribute to the appreciation of protected structures. Such areas are known as Architectural Conservation Areas (ACAs) and may include the following: · groups of structures of distinctiveness, visual richness or historical importance · the setting and exterior appearance of structures that are of special interest, but the interiors of which do not merit special protection · the setting of a protected structure where this is more extensive than its curtilage · designed landscapes, for example, urban parks, historic demesnes, cemeteries or industrial sites · groups of structures which form dispersed but unified entities but which are not within the curtilage of a single dominant structure.

An ACA could therefore include a terrace of houses, a streetscape, a town centre or an ensemble related to a specific building type, such as a mill or a country house. The significance of buildings within an ACA lies in their positive contribution to the character and cultural importance of the group and their protection relates to their external appearance and associated external spaces. The objective of the ACA designation is to guide change within an area and ensure that future development is carried out in a manner sympathetic to the special character of the historic place.

Works to the exterior of a structure within an ACA only qualify as exempted development if the works do not affect the character of the exterior or that of neighbouring structures or open spaces. Whilst alterations, extensions and new build may be permitted within an ACA, any new development should respect or enhance its special character and should be carried out in consultation with the Planning Department and Conservation Officer of Meath County

Council, following the usual planning application process. There are currently eighteen ACAs designated in Co. Meath. This document is one in a series which identifies the special character of individual ACAs and gives advice and guidance to those seeking planning permission, such as homeowners, developers and planning professionals, on the type of works that would be acceptable within that particular ACA, to avoid loss or negative impact to its special character.

3.2 Record of Protected Structures

The present proposal impacts on MH028-202 (vicinity), MH028-204 (vicinity), MH028-205, MH028-206, MH028-207, MH028-208 (vicinity), MH028-209, MH028-210, MH028-211, MH028-212

3.2 National Inventory of Architectural Heritage: Buildings and Gardens

Julianstown West, County Meath

View on map Survey Data

Reg No 14323001

Date 1770 - 1810

Townland JULIANSTOWN WEST

County Meath

Coordinates 313428, 270397

Description

Detached three-bay three-storey former mill house, built c.1790, with breakfront entrance bay. Now in use as a hotel. Pitched slate roof with rendered chimneystacks. Rendered walls with a cornice and rendered quoins. Rendered window surrounds with stone sills and some timber sash windows. Replacement door flanked by fluted pilasters with decorative console brackets supporting a cornice.

Appraisal

This house is a fine example of a late eighteenth-century mill house. Located on the bank of the River Nanny, it was once part of a large mill complex, which was powered by that water source. The former mill house is enhanced by the retention of many interesting features and materials, such as the timber sash windows, rendered windows surrounds and carved doorcase.

Julianstown West, County Meath

View on map Survey Data

Reg No 14323002

Date 1860 - 1900

Townland JULIANSTOWN WEST

County Meath

Coordinates 313474, 270367

Description

Triple-arch road bridge, built c.1880, with dressed stone walls, ashlar cutwaters, voussoirs, string course and parapet.

Appraisal

The masonry construction of this road bridge is of particular interest and was clearly executed by skilled craftsmen. The ashlar masonry is finished to a high standard, and articulates the form of the bridge. Plaque on the bridge reads: 'Near this spot in Nov 1841 an Ulster force led by Rory O' Moore and others defeated Government troops marching to the relief of Drogheda. The victory was followed by the formation of the Catholic Confederation.'

Julianstown West, County Meath

View on map Survey Data

Reg No 14323004

Date 1890 - 1900

Townland JULIANSTOWN WEST

County Meath

Coordinates 313427, 270455

Description

Terrace of six three-bay two-storey former estate workers' houses, built c.1895, with porch canopies supported by carved timber brackets. Pitched slate roof with red brick chimneystacks and cast-iron rainwater goods. Carved timber bargeboards to gabled dormers. Roughcast rendered walls, with red brick quoins to terminating houses. Square-headed window openings with stone sills. Remains of granite bollards to street.

Appraisal

This terrace of six houses displays well-executed details such as the decorative bargeboards and carved timber canopy brackets. Although the houses are modest in form, the terrace of six makes a notable and positive contribution to the streetscape. These former estate workers' houses were built by the Pepper family of Balrath Castle.

Tavistock, Julianstown, County Meath

View on map Survey Data

Reg No 14323005

Date 1860 - 1900

Townland JULIANSTOWN

County Meath

Coordinates 313412, 270438

Description

Detached four-bay single-storey former dispensary, built c.1880, with timber entrance canopy, now in use as a house. Pitched slate roof with eaves dentils. Rendered walls with continuous string course. Moulded surrounds and stone sills to window openings. Central window inserted into pointed arched rendered panel. Timber panelled door. Flat-roof extension to rear.

Appraisal

This former dispensary, located at the centre on Julianstown, on the main street beside the former Police Station, makes a positive contribution to the streetscape. The modest building is enhanced by the retention of many interesting features and materials, such as the string course, rendered panel and timber porch canopy.

Smithstown, County Meath

View on map Survey Data

Reg No 14323006

Date 1900 - 1905

Townland SMITHSTOWN

County Meath

Coordinates 313402, 270450

Description

Detached seven-bay two-storey former RIC station, built c.1903, now in use as a private house. Stepped gabled breakfronts to two-storey terminating bay to north and to central single-storey entrance bay. Pitched artificial slate roof with red brick chimneystacks, eaves dentils and stepped gables. Roughcast rendered walls with red brick quoins and date plaque. Timber sash windows with stone sills. Rendered pointed arches over windows to gabled breakfronts.

Appraisal

This former RIC station displays architectural design and detailing. The stepped-gabled breakfronts are notable features of the building. The building retains many original features and materials, such as the timber sash windows and limestone sills. This imposing building is a notable and colourful addition to the streetscape.

3.3 Additional information The National Library of Ireland photo image collection revealed the Haffield Photo album that contains several images from Julianstown c.1903 http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=julianstown&type=AllFields&filter%5B%5D =digitised%3A%22Digitised%22&view=list

Fig 16: Detail of Julianstown Bridge and Old Mill

Fig 17: Pre-1903 Police Station at R132-R150 corner (numbered Building ref 54 in walkover below)

Fig 18: Detail of RIC Crest at Door in image above

Fig 19: Terrace of six houses with bollards and chains. Note chickens roosting on front step + gravel footpath

Fig 20: Detail from Fig 19

Fig 21

Fig 22: Irish Postcard collection

3.4 Protected View

Note on Views and Prospects

The Julianstown Written Statement https://meathcountydevelopmentplan.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/julianstown-written- statement-map.pdf) notes a designated Views and Prospects from the middle of Julianstown Bridge both up and down stream along the River Nanny (extract below).

This view is also noted in the Julianstown ACA written statement (Fig 59, P35) https://www.meath.ie/system/files/upload/Julianstown%20Architectural%20Conservation%2 0Area%20Character%20Statement.pdf

The ACA statement also shows views (blue arrows above) approaching Julianstown Bridge and south-east to south-west from the bridge itself.

ACA Statement views and vistas1

8.0 Summary of significant views & vistas

Owing to Julianstown’s layout, extending from a bridge over the River Nanny, significant views are afforded towards the village from the valley above, and from the village streets outwards. The most noteworthy view toward Julianstown is from the approach road on the southern slope of the valley. This encapsulates the bridge, the mill complex and Main Street with houses to either side. All are set against the backdrop of an unspoiled valley slope with groups of trees and hedges and a largely unspoiled skyline. However, the village is cluttered with television aerials and communications masts that stand to the north of the mill complex. Important views not in the ACA, but essential to its character, are to the river either side of the bridge. These afford views of the water and landscape. The view west is particularly interesting, with the large lime kiln and the spire of St. Mary’s in the distance.

The lime kiln has to compete with a visually intrusive sewage treatment works directly to the east. Although this is not in the ACA, it is highly visible from the bridge and a minimum measure of screening it with suitable planting should be considered. The most important view in the ACA is up and down the main street. This has suffered mostly from denigration of the boundary conditions and loss of roadside definition with the closure of the old Laytown turn-off. Important views of the bridge and mill complex can be appreciated from the river bank to the south east of the ACA. Consideration should be given to improving these and offering them as an amenity to residents and visitors.

NOTE 2020: the views E are becoming increasingly obscured by rank vegetation from adjacent lands and borders of the River Nanny.

1 https://www.meath.ie/system/files/upload/Julianstown%20Architectural%20Conservation%20Area%20Charact er%20Statement.pdf 36

4 SITE VISIT

4.1 General discussion

Julianstown was visited on Tuesday 21st January 2020. The project is generally described from north to south below using project chainage (Ch0000-2100) as reference points. This is then followed by detail component description and discussion for the Julianstown ACA area.

The present horizontal alignment of the R132 is based on the fact that until the opening of the M1 Northern Motorway in 2002, the R132 through Julianstown was the main N1 Dublin- Belfast Road via Drogheda. This meant that considerable work was previously undertaken to widen the carriageways and provide hard shoulders through Julianstown. Since the M1 opened many of the hard shoulders have been landscaped.

There are four significant road realignments resulting on off-line cut-off road sections:

• Ch0080-0360: North of Julianstown • Ch980-1130: Southern approach to Julianstown Bridge • Ch1380-1600: Whitecross School junction • Ch1900-2020: South of Julianstown

In addition, the present R150 Laytown Road junction has been closed in the middle of Julianstown at Ch710 and rebuilt on the northern side of the town at Ch0480.

The Julianstown Architectural Conservation Area (ACA) runs from Ch680-Ch990 and works are proposed to roadside bollards fronting a RPS houses MH028-205, MH028-206, MH028- 207, MH028-209, MH028-210 and MH028-211 between Ch805-855. These works comprise moving the bollards and their sill walls closer to the property facades, but also replacing any of the bollards that are currently missing or broken (there were originally 16 such bollards of which only 2 ½ currently remain).

In addition, a new safety railing is proposed for the approaches to Julianstown Bridge and the Bridge itself, which is RPS MH028-212. The proposed railing is along the E wall of the R132/bridge from approx.Ch860-980. Present roadside / bridge parapet wall height is 0.40- 0.50m and the safety railing (resulting from the proposed cycleway) is due to raise this to 1.60m.

The 19th century extent of Julianstown runs from Ch680 (the northern point of the ACA) to c.Ch1030 to the south of Julianstown Bridge. This southernmost area is the site of a now- demolished farm/industrial related houses and a Milestone LA RPS ID Draft No: 91563 that is still in situ within a small area of planting on the W side of the road at Ch990. There were only occasional farm-related houses along the R132 south of Julianstown bridge to the Ballygarth Road junction. This junction is now dominated by Whitecross School from Ch1380-1480. The original (now disused) 19th C Whitecross School is located on the eastern side of the R132 at Ch1610.

Regarding Recorded heritage, there is a plaque (erected 1967) on Julianstown Bridge E parapet celebrating a local battle in 1641 that is noted on the RMP as ME028-067. The battle was more a moving skirmish and ran on either side of the previous Julianstown Bridge. Julianstown Bridge is shown on the 1650 Down Survey Duleek Barony Map and probably lay slightly E of the present bridge, which was built c.1880. There are no physical remains to be seen of this 1641 battle in which there were perhaps 500 Government Royalists killed or captured from a total of c.650 by an Irish rebel force of c.3,000.

At the southern end of the scheme is the remains of the 17th C Jenet Dowdall Wayside Cross ‘The White Cross’ ME028-007 that was originally in an adjacent field but since removed to the front garden behind a present hedge on a cut-off section of the now-realigned R132 at Ch1930.

For associated figures see DRIVE THROUGH 02 FIGS 1-7

Ch0000-0080: modern road alignment including central reservation and footpaths with grass verges inside road boundary.

Ch0080: Barriered junction to the original alignment of R132 to the E.

Ch0080-Ch0360. 20th century section of R132. Previous mapping shows this runs along the back line to a series of house plots on the old road line. The cut-off section shows a is a significant curve that would form a circle perhaps 250m in diameter. There is no topographic reason for this curve and it might be that the curve relates to a lost archaeological site such as a D-shaped enclosure around a medieval church.

Ch0120-0520. The W side of the R132 is landscaped into a roadside garden. This appears to have been land acquired from a previous realignment that either did not happen, or was cleared for sight-line reasons.

Ch0360: E side, junction with now cut-off section of previous R132. Fully modernised road layout at junction.

Ch0480: Area of the wholly modern R150 new junction with the R132.

Ch0480-0680. Fully modern road, footpaths and boundaries (usually stone-faced blockwork).

Ch0680 (W side) – 0710 (E side). Dog leg northern boundary to Julianstown ACA. On W side, the ACA includes the gable end to a stone built shed and a stone build roadside boundary wall. On E side the ACA boundary is on the S side of the now-closed previous R150 junction. This R150 junction is itself possibly a replacement to an earlier road that went past the previous forge on a track E opposite the R150 Duleek Road junction.

Ch0710-0780: E side is a low modern stone faced concrete wall to the car park of the roadside public house. The very wide footpath here probably means this boundary wall has been set back from any previous roadside boundary. The W side boundary in this area is an ivy-covered masonry wall c.1.5m high and a footpath.

Ch0780-0860 W side: this side of the R132 includes protected structures MH028-202 (former barracks), MH028-204 (former Court House) and the corner building at Ch0840- 0860 is actually the ‘Police Station’ marked on the 1837 OS, or more likely, a later 19th C replacement, and photographed in 1903 with RIC crest adjacent to the door with the photograph labelled ‘Julianstown Barracks’ (Haffield Collection). This and/or the adjacent building is the Post Office marked on the 1913 OS. No new works are proposed for this side of the R132. This zone originally had a series of 25 bollards on sill walls linked by chains, of which 11 survive.

Ch0805-0855, E side of R132. This area relates to the protected structures MH028-205, MH028-206, MH028-207, MH028-209, MH028-210 and MH028-21. This terrace of six houses lies between Ch0805 and Ch0840, but the building Ch0840-0855 is architecturally similar (although single storey) and is marked as protected on the Julianstown ACA Fig 59, but not on the Meath RPS. Each of the individual properties in the terrace has a centrally placed front door and opposite to this, along the R132 kerb was a pair of granite bollards set on a low, sill wall capped with concrete. Originally there were 16 such bollards in this run, of which only 2 ½ survive. A length of original chain is still attached to the bollard at Ch0815 and nearby is a loose bollard top that has become detached from its base. The low sill wall, along with the associated bollards has been removed fronting the southernmost houses Ch0825-0855, presumably to aid in car parking. The lane leading E at Ch0855 previously lead to Julianstown Smithy / Forge that has now been demolished, but was previously E of the wall Ch0860-0880.

Ch0860 R150 Duleek Road Junction. The steep incline up from the R150 Duleek Road to the R132 junction is caused by the raised causeway abutment for Julianstown Bridge, built c.1880.

Ch860-1030. The causeway and bridge runs roughly Ch860-1030. The causeway includes a large, arched mill race at Ch900 and the triple-arched bridge itself is roughly 22m long Ch918-940. The bridge has a centrally placed plaque on the E side that reads

'Near this spot in Nov 1641 an Ulster force led by RORY O’MORE and others defeated Government troops marching to the relief of Drogheda. The victory was followed by the formation of the Catholic Confederation.------This stone was presented by SIR WILLIAM BUTLER M.B.E. and erected by Meath Archaeological and Historical Society 1967’

------

See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Julianstown

Catholic Confederation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_Ireland

Note: NIAH reference has plaque typo 1841 instead of 1641

The 1837 OS has a bridge height of 28 feet, while the 1913 OS has a height of 35 feet, implying the bridge was also raised at this time: so the causeways probably date to c.1880 as well as the bridge.

Ch980-1130: the present R132 here is a new alignment to the W of the original road. The original road E side survives as a landscaped area. The W side here has the R132 in a cutting and some buildings at Ch990-1020 on the 1913 OS have been demolished. Also at this location Ch990 in the landscaped W area is the reset Julianstown Milestone LA RPS ID Draft No: 91563. This Milestone has been recently added to the Meath RPS. The L56221 W road junction with the R132 at Ch980 is the southern extent of the Julianstown ACA.

Ch1130-1280. The R132 has a footpath down the E side and a wide, grassed verge down the W. Opposite the present E junction to the recent housing estate, on the W side of the R132 at Ch1260 is a roadside Well on the 1913 OS. There is currently a manhole and cover in this approximate location and the verge appears to have been reduced in height recently.

Ch1280-1380. The R132 has a footpath down the E side and a wide, grassed verge down the W. Some modern buildings have been built alongside the R132 E side.

Ch1380-1600. The R132 has been recently realigned along this section, leaving a cut-off length in front of the Whitecross School. The cut-off section includes the original junction to the E with the Ballygarth Road at Ch1490. The present R132-L16161(Ballygarth Road)- L5622 is entirely modern. A Pump Ch1500 on the 1913 OS has been removed, but may be marked by a manhole cover in the now-landscaped area.

Ch1610: The original Whitecross School buildings (built c.1840) are located to the E of the R132 with a modern, hedged boundary. The wrought iron gates to this property are old and may relate to the school but are of a common form. But the present gate piers are wholly modern. These buildings are now disused and private housing.

Ch1610-1900. Modern R132 with narrow grassed verges on both sides and no footpath until Ch1820. Traffic calming central reservation and footpaths between Ch1820-1820. Original road probably widened over any previous roadside ditches.

Ch1900-2020: The previous R132 survives as a cut-off section on the E side of the present, modern, R132. At Ch1930 the White Cross present location is in a garden behind a modern hedge. Folklore states that there used to be a turnpike toll house amongst the buildings shown here on the 1913 OS, but all these buildings have now been demolished and their boundaries rebuilt with modern materials.

Ch2020-2090. Modern, widened alignment of R132 with narrow grassed verges and no footpaths.

4.2 Detail discussion of the Julianstown ACA built environment from north to south SEE SUMMARY IMAGE PHOTOS 1-12 and DETAIL PHOTOS 13-42

Major SUMMARY DETAIL Component Component Description image photo Limestone step threshold sill (well worn) with chamfered edge and hammered finish made of several stones (some cracked) and above a low sill wall with drip overhang. This is a footpath step up from the area in front of terraced houses to the area in front of the public house. The area has been altered since Terrace the original in that the public house zone has been raised House (from again to incorporate some inspection shafts and the resulting 1 N-S) 1 steps up or down are uneven and irregular. 3 16, 17A Stump base for limestone bollard N terminal in terrace run. Bollard [41] shows that a bollard top was cut from previous unformed base and then fixed to the new base [2] using dowels. Clearly the bollard did not originally have a return chain or bar linking it to the wall of Terrace House 1 since there is limestone step [1] adjacent. The upper exposed Terrace broken surface does not show any traces of dowel holes House (from (which bollard base 41 does), and there is clearly a squared 2 N-S) 1 formal base. 3 15D, 16 Mass concrete sill wall capping with moulded chamfered edges and drip overhang. Lies over a low sill rendered wall. Capping concrete surrounds base of bollard [3] which is the same form as Bollard [14] and represents the original design. Wall capping 3, 8, 9, 15 shows pairs of opposing notches in the base level of the concrete, one pair near to each end. These are probably casting shuttering evidence. The capping was cast in two parts, the rectangular base first and then the chamfered top was cast, stuck on top. This top part has become detached in wall sills 22 + 27 (and other sections). These caps were then set on site with the bollard placed at one end and the detail surrounding the bollard bases and the terminals facing the steps down to the next wall sill were moulded on site. The chamfered edges reflect the parapet Terrace capping to Julianstown Bridge [45] as well as the boundary House (from wall capping of the pre-1903 Police station [54] and associated 3 N-S) 1 house [55], the Courthouse [56] and the Barracks [57] 3 16, 17B Terrace House (from 4 N-S) 1 Limestone Bollard broken in half surrounded by wall [3] 3 16, 17B Terrace Concrete steps - presumably a replacement for original House (from limestone threshold (although this may survive below present 5 N-S) 1 concrete) 3 16, 17B Terrace House (from Limestone threshold to Terrace House 1 front door. Raised 6 N-S) 1 from adjacent footpath level 3 16, 17A

Major SUMMARY DETAIL Component Component Description image photo Intact limestone bollard with iron top fixings (stamped B.T: hook connection to chain snapped) with lead solder. Base surround of concrete from wall [8] has fallen off exposing Terrace bollard base. Top of bollard shows notches from corner chain House (from design implying this bollard has probably been reused in the 17A-D, 7 N-S) 1 present context. 3 18A-B Terrace Mass concrete sill wall capping with moulded chamfered House (from edges and drip overhang. Lies over a low sill rendered wall. 8 N-S) 1 Steps down from Wall [8] to Wall [9] 3 17A-D Terrace House (from Mass concrete sill wall capping with moulded chamfered 9 N-S) 2 edges and drip overhang. Lies over a low sill rendered wall. 4 19A-B

Terrace House (from Broken limestone bollard with iron top fixings (incomplete). 10 N-S) 2 Reset adjacent to threshold step [11] to terrace house [2] 4 19A, C Terrace Limestone threshold to Terrace House 2 front door. Raised House (from from adjacent footpath level. The height of this threshold 11 N-S) 2 above nearby footpath probably reflects original design 4 19A, C Terrace House (from 12 N-S) 2 In situ base to Bollard [10] 4 20A Terrace Limestone threshold that steps down from road pavement to House (from footpath. All roadside gates probably had limestone 13 N-S) 2 thresholds. (See also threshold [34]) 4 20A-C Intact limestone bollard with iron top fixings (Complete: stamped B.T). Base surround of concrete from wall [15] is Terrace intact. This bollard also has a length of original (?) chain that House (from would have linked to Bollard [17]. Top does not have angled 18C, 20A- 14 N-S) 2 notches in it. 4 C Terrace Mass concrete sill wall capping with moulded chamfered House (from edges and drip overhang. Lies over a low sill rendered wall and 15 N-S) 2 surrounds base of Bollard [14] 4 20A, 20B Terrace House (from Mass concrete sill wall capping with moulded chamfered 16 N-S) 3 edges and drip overhang. Lies over a low sill rendered wall. 4, 5 19b Terrace House (from 17 N-S) 3 In situ base to Bollard 5 20D Terrace Concrete ramped access. Presumably a replacement to the House (from original limestone step (which may perhaps survive below 18 N-S) 3 concrete surface) 5 20D Terrace House (from 19 N-S) 3 In situ base to Bollard 5 20D

Major SUMMARY DETAIL Component Component Description image photo Terrace House (from 20 N-S) 3 Rendered sill wall that has lost the moulded top capping 5, 6 20D Terrace House (from Limestone threshold to Terrace House 3 front door. Flush with 21 N-S) 3 adjacent footpath level. 4 Terrace House (from 22 N-S) 4 Rendered sill wall that has lost the moulded top capping 6 21A Terrace House (from Limestone threshold to Terrace House 4 front door. Raised 23 N-S) 4 from adjacent footpath level 6 Terrace House (from 24 N-S) 4 In situ base to Bollard 6 21B Terrace House (from Concrete gate threshold - presumably a replacement for 25 N-S) 4 original limestone threshold. 6 21B An attempt to recreate a bollard using a concrete filled plastic Terrace pipe, presumably surrounded by concrete. Set in and House (from surrounded by wall top [27]. There may be a broken bollard 26 N-S) 4 base inside Wall [27]. 6 21B Terrace Mass concrete sill wall capping with moulded chamfered House (from edges and drip overhang. Lies over a low sill rendered wall and 27 N-S) 4 surrounds base of recreated Bollard [26] 6, 7 21B, 21C Terrace Low sill wall in front of Terrace House 5 completely removed House (from and now kerbed for cobblelock paving. Oil drips shows this 28 N-S) 5 area used for vehicle parking 7 21C Terrace House (from Limestone threshold to Terrace House 5 front door. Flush with 29 N-S) 5 adjacent footpath level. 7 21C Terrace House (from Threshold and paired bollards in front of Terrace House 5 30 N-S) 5 completely removed and now kerbed for cobblelock paving 7 21C Terrace Low sill wall in front of Terrace House 5 completely removed House (from and now kerbed for cobblelock paving. Oil drips shows this 31 N-S) 5 area used for vehicle parking 7 21C Terrace House (from 32 N-S) 6 Stump foundation to sill wall left in situ 7, 8 21D, 22A Terrace House (from Bollard base. Highly polished from tyres as area in front of 33 N-S) 6 house is used for vehicle parking 7, 8 21D, 22A Terrace House (from Gate threshold limestone base. Highly polished from tyres as 21D, 22A- 34 N-S) 6 area in front of house is used for vehicle parking 8 B Terrace House (from 35 N-S) 6 Obscured area that is probably the base to a bollard 8 22B

Major SUMMARY DETAIL Component Component Description image photo Terrace House (from Limestone threshold to Terrace House 4 front door. Raised 36 N-S) 6 from adjacent footpath level 8 22A Terrace House (from 37 N-S) 6 Stump foundation to sill wall left in situ 8 22A, 23C Terrace House (from 38 N-S) 7 Dug out foundation to sill wall 8, 9 22D, 23C Terrace House (from 39 N-S) 7 Dug out original gate threshold 9 22D, 23B Terrace House (from 40 N-S) 7 Stump foundation to sill wall left in situ 9 22D, 23B S terminal squared limestone bollard base to terrace bollard- and-chain (footpath) run. Holes indicate a bollard was cut Terrace down (they normally have an unformed base) and then House (from screwed into this base with dowels. An iron bar was fixed to E 22C-D, 41 N-S) 7 side to run to wall fixing [42]. See also Bollard [2] 9 23A-B Terrace Terminal of horizontal iron bar still set in wall. The bar House (from protected footpath users from drop down to S. A similar iron 42 N-S) 7 bar appears on S boundary to Barracks 9 22D Cow-and-calf. Parapet and capping varies from 0.60m (calf) to 0.75-0.80m (Cow). Lots of large, rusticated or worn large, squared stones show that they are reused from somewhere else. Length alongside R132 is c.32m and there do not appear to be any engaged buttresses. The section from the N corner to the signage opposite the R150 junction (approx. 7.5m) was broken in 2014 and replaced using existing stone. E face drops flush with parapet capping for approx. 1.2-1.5m then there is a 22C, 25A- N Causeway flattish berm and then a sloping earthen abutment dropping C, 26A-B, 43.1 approach down another 1.5m-2m. 10 27A-B N Bridge causeway Medieval window jamb reused in parapet capping and nearby 43.2 approach chamfered stone 10 25A-C General area of N causeway approach parapet capping with flat, undecorated stones approx. 27.5m long. Includes four projecting buttresses, each 1.20-1.50m wide. Spaces between buttresses from N to S is approx. 5.25m, 8.70m, 3m, 3m, 2.3m. Includes area over Mill Race Arch [52]. Includes a section of N Bridge concrete capping replacement 44.2. Third buttress from N causeway shows that buttress capping was with 4x larger flat rectangular 27C-D, 44 approach slabs laid perpendicular to road. 10 28A N Bridge causeway Approx. 8.7m long original capping section. Slabs are often 44.1 approach cracked, broken or lifting. 11 27C

Major SUMMARY DETAIL Component Component Description image photo N Bridge causeway Approx. 7m long concrete capping replacement running into 44.2 approach second buttress top 11 27C-D N Bridge causeway Approx. 11.9m long original capping section running to Bridge 44.3 approach [45]. Slabs are often cracked, broken or lifting. 11 28A General Julianstown Bridge parapet approx. 27.9m long. Includes 2x terminal end projecting buttresses and two Julianstown buttresses: one for each pier. Spaces between buttresses and 45 Bridge terminals are 6m-6.50m. 10 28-32, 38 N Abutment buttress. 2.3m of 3x largest capping blocks, each with a central rectangular fixing pin and a square pin to link Julianstown each block to the next. Then steps in for a single block 0.75m 45.1 Bridge long with a central fixing point 12 28B-D Julianstown Area over arch 1 (from N). Series of worked capping stones 45.2 Bridge each with a fixing pin between each one. 12 29A Buttress for N pier 1.75m long. Capping is 2 x large blocks, Julianstown each with a central rectangular fixing point with a squared 45.3 Bridge fixing pin between each one. 12 29B-C Julianstown Area over arch 2 (from N). Series of worked capping stones 45.4 Bridge each with a fixing pin between each one. 12 29B, D Julianstown Carved OS Bench mark in parapet capping. 1913 OS shows this 45.5 Bridge as 35.6 feet 12 30A-B Julianstown Memorial plaque 1.25m wide x 0.60m high to 'Battle of 30A-B, 45.6 Bridge Julianstown' in 1641. Plaque erected in 1967. 12 31B Buttress for N pier 1.75m long. Capping is 2 x large blocks, Julianstown each with a central rectangular fixing point with a squared 45.7 Bridge fixing pin between each one. 12 31A Julianstown Area over arch 3 (from N). Series of worked capping stones 45.8 Bridge each with a fixing pin between each one. 12 31B, 32C S Abutment buttress. 2.3m of 3x largest capping blocks, each with a central rectangular fixing pin and a square pin to link Julianstown each block to the next. Then steps in for a single block 0.75m 45.9 Bridge long with a central fixing point 12 32A-C General area of parapet capping with flat, undecorated stones approx. 18.3m long. Includes four projecting buttresses, each 1.40-1.60m wide. Spaces between buttresses from N to S are consistently 2.6-2.7m. Includes two sections ([46.1] + [46.3] of concrete capping replacement. S causeway approach [44] and S Bridge [47] include a total of 6 buttresses in all (the junction between causeway [44] and [47] is mid-way between two buttresses) and each 46 approach buttress is separated by 2.7m. 10 32C-D S Bridge causeway Concrete replacement capping 2.60m long that runs into first 46.1 approach buttress to S of bridge 11 32C

Major SUMMARY DETAIL Component Component Description image photo S Bridge causeway Approx. 4.7m long original capping section. Slabs are often 46.2 approach cracked, broken or lifting. 11 32D S Bridge causeway Concrete replacement capping 2.60m long that runs between 46.3 approach two buttresses 11 S Bridge causeway Approx. 7.3m long original capping section. Slabs are often 46.4 approach cracked, broken or lifting. 11 General area of concrete parapet capping approx. 22.5m long before swinging to E and continuing as concrete capping for previous R132 alignment boundary wall preserved as boundary to landscaped area on E side of present R132. The 22.5m section includes two projecting buttresses, each 1.40- S Bridge 1.60m wide. Spaces between buttress is consistently 2.70m to 33C-D, causeway southernmost buttress and then a space of approx. 6.25m to 34A, 34C, 47 approach blocked stile and steps [48]. Includes blocked stile [48] 10 36A, 36D Blocked stile and steps. A sill stone projects from the W face of the parapet base. This lead to an unbarriered stone landing (now replaced with concrete) approx. 0.80m square. This then leads to a series of over 10 cut stone limestone steps with no hand rail. These steps lead to an in-use path that cuts through S Bridge vegetation, across the fields, and to the River Nanny. causeway Presumed anglers access and potential right of way (although 34A-C, 48 approach not marked on mapping). 10 35A-D Reset Julianstown Milestone. LA RPS ID Draft No: 91563. Typical polygonal form for Great North Road milestones with three information faces and a hammered face to rear that would originally have been set against a wall or roadside boundary. Information faces the traveller so S face says DROG- HEDA 3. E face says '20' (distance from Dublin = milestone 20) and N face says MAN OF WAR 7. Note: when this milestone Landscape was set up in the later 18th C, the Great North Road ran from area S of Julianstown to Balrothery (via Gormanston Bridge) and then to 49 Bridge Man O' War and Lusk. 10 37A-C S Bridge causeway approach W side to S causeway approach to bridge. Parapet capping is 50 (W side) all concrete. Buttresses not surveyed. 10 Julianstown Bridge (W 51 side) Julianstown Bridge shows the same form as on E side. 10 N Bridge Mill Race arch under N causeway approach. Services presently causeway run through this arch. Partly blocked at ground level but 52 approach contains water. 10

Major SUMMARY DETAIL Component Component Description image photo N Bridge causeway approach W side to S causeway approach to bridge. Parapet capping is 53 (W side) all concrete. Buttresses not surveyed. 10 Shell of mid-late 19th C Police Station photographed in Haffield collection in 1903 (shows RIC badge at door). Windows in gable end designed to look down R132 and bridge. Previous frontage removed, previous chimney top sections removed. Roof falling into disrepair. Associated with a yard that is access by vehicles from R150 and via a short flight of 24A, 24C- Pre-1903 steps from R132. Bollard and sill wall boundary treatment. This D, 41A, Police or perhaps the single storey building to N is marked as 'Post 41D, 41A- 54 Station Office' on 1913 OS. 10 C House between Pre-1903 Single storey house with bollard over low sill wall boundary. police Pedestrian gate bollards removed and replaced with squared station and piers. Bollard (and chain) treatment continues along N side of 55 Courthouse property to W down side lane 10 41A-C RPS Courthouse and boundary treatment. Originally three cut stone, purpose made bollards with squared bases with cut stone capstones. Two bollards survive which, together with bollards for Barracks are made for this location and are a 13D, 15B, different profile to bollards of Terrace Houses and Buildings 24B, 24D, 54-55. One of these bollards has the remains of ornate chain 39C, 40A- 56 Courthouse links still attached. 10 D, 41A Barracks built 1903. Boundary treatment is low, cut stone capped sill wall and cut stone bollards linked by chains. S end bollard attaches to the building face with an iron bar. Originally 6 bollards which, together with bollards for courthouse, are made for this location and are a different profile to bollards of Terrace Houses and Buildings 54-55. All bollard s except the southernmost one have been cut off at 13D, 15B, 57 Barracks base level. 10 39B-D Bollards placed on top of a rendered retaining wall to garden. Wall does not have a chamfered top. Previous pedestrian entrance gate to N recently removed to allow for larger vehicle access. Originally 6 bollards of which 5 survive in hedge. At turning into gate to S is a large, monolithic granite gate pier 58 House still in situ within the retaining wall. 10 39A

5 Proposed Works (Figs 4-5)

The most significant proposals are within the Julianstown Architectural Conservation Area are:

• to take down, rebuild and reconstruct the sill wall, bollards and chain link footpath boundaries to the terrace of six protected structures MH028-205, MH028-206, MH028-207, MH028-209, MH028-210 and MH028-211, plus the seventh non- protected structure on eastern side of the R132 opposite the Courthouse RPS MH028- 204 and the Barracks RPS 028-202. The present run of bollards and walls at the terraced houses is currently in a very poor condition and is built 2.5m from the face of the terrace houses. The proposal is to move the boundary line to 1.5m from the face of the protected structures. The southern 5th, 6th and 7th houses in this run have previously entirely removed this boundary to allow for owners car parking. Discussions with the owners over proposals in front of their properties are still on- going.

• to add a safety railing to Julianstown Bridge Protected Structure ME028-212 (built c.1880) eastern parapet raising the height from c.0.60m to 1.50m and

6 ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL

6.1 General discussion

The proposed works do not have any significant potential to discover any archaeological remains.

However, there are some significant proposals regarding architectural heritage arising from the Protected Structure status of the Terrace of six (plus one) houses and Julianstown Bridge which are all within the Julianstown Architectural Conservation Area.

The proposal is to take down and rebuild the present roadside boundary of bollards and sill walls in front of the Terrace of six houses (numbered from N to S) MH028-205, MH028- 206, MH028-207, MH028-209, MH028-210 and MH028-211, plus the seventh non- protected structure on the eastern side of the R132 opposite the Courthouse RPS MH028-204 and the Barracks RPS 028-202.

The original layout of the sill-and-bollard wall line was 45.5m long on the E side of the R132 and this roughly matched the c.75m long sill-and-bollard roadside boundary on the W side of the R132. Of this the northern section on the E side of the R132, a length 24m long survives in a poor to very poor condition and the southern 21.5m long section has been removed completely (although the scar of a bollard and threshold survive flush with present ground level at House 6).

The present roadside boundary of bollards (linked by chains where there were no accesses) and sill walls in front of the Terrace of six houses is in a very poor condition with only two of the original 16 bollards surviving in situ (another half is also in situ and an upper section of one bollard has been reset near to House 2 front door). Each of the seven bollard-bordered accesses from the road to the terrace houses originally had a cut stone limestone threshold: of these seven, two are currently visible on site.

The associated 24m long concrete-capped sill wall E boundary to the R132 is in a similarly poor condition and the southern 21.5m has been completely removed in front of Terraces houses 5, 6 and 7.

The original chamfered limestone step at the N end of the Terrace of six houses survives in reasonable condition.

On the W side of the R132 there were originally 27 bollards (usually linked by chains where there were no accesses) along and alongside the various properties. Of these bollards, only 12 survive.

The proposal for the E side of the R132 is to reset the entire 24m long sill wall and bollard arrangement c.1.25m back towards the facades of the Terrace of six houses and reconstruct along the lines of the original form, returning chains that once linked the bollards and replacing a horizontal iron bar at the terminals. This will mean that the public that currently pass between the sill-and-bollard wall line and the facades of the terrace houses will be directed along the 3m wide shared cycleway-footpath between the sill-and-bollard wall and the R132.

The proposed treatment for the 21.5m long section where the previous sill-and-bollard wall has been completely removed is still under discussion. It is proposed to reinstate the sill and bollard arrangement subject to landowner agreement.

Regarding Julianstown Bridge Protected Structure ME028-212 (built c.1880) the present eastern parapet varies in height from an average of 0.60m to a maximum at the northern end of 0.80 (as part of the cow-and-calf style capping arrangement). A photograph of 1903 shows that there were originally no railings associated with this bridge above the present parapet level. This photograph apparently also shows the shoulders of cattle behind the parapet wall. The implication is that the present road surface has perhaps been raised significantly. Bridge inspection photos show there is no weep-hole drainage through the parapets from the road gutter so water must have been originally managed in dedicated drainage gutters off the bridge (presumably to the south). There is currently buried drainage on either side on the bridge deck. The raised construction of the present E footpath will also have proportionally reduced the height of the parapets. It can therefore be proposed that the parapets would originally have been perhaps 0.30-0.50m higher (allowing for a dropped gutter and central, cambered carriageway) than they currently appear. The bridge E parapet currently supports a memorial plaque of 1967 that remembers the Battle of Julianstown 1641 and there is a carved OS Benchmark on the parapet coping adjacent to this. The Bridge is around 29m long but the approach causeways mean that the structure is around 130m long and the whole of this length would require the railings-based safety barrier c.0.90m high to raise a barrier to 1.5m-1.6m Approximately 10m-15m from the southern end of the proposed barrier location is an in-use angler’s stile leading to steps down the E face of the bridge causeway. These steps (of cut

limestone) currently have no safety railing and the continued access to them would need to be taken into consideration. The 130m bridge and causeway includes 14 projecting buttresses (mostly 1.5m wide but 2.30m wide to mark either end of the Julianstown Bridge) on the E face and it is suggested that the barrier should be fixed to the outside of the E parapet face (in a similar way the present street lighting poles) and that the base floats above the projecting buttresses. It is suggested a photo-montage of this whole arrangement is included so that the visual impact on the bridge can be assessed.

7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Paul Phelan, Senior Executive Engineer, Meath County Council

Fergal McCabe, Executive Engineer, Meath County Council

8 REFERENCES

Electronic Sources

– Summary of archaeological excavation from 1970−2009. www.archaeology.ie – National Monuments Service website listing all SMR sites with aerial photographs. www.osi.ie – Ordnance Survey aerial photographs (1995, 2000 & 2005) and historic OS mapping (first edition 6” and 25”). http://map.geohive.ie/mapviewer.html http://www.logainm.ie/ - Placename index http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/ -National Inventory of Architectural Heritage http://countydevelopmentplan.meath.ie/adoptedplan/ - Meath County Council 2013, Meath County Council County Development Plan 2013-2019

Environment Protection Agency website https://gis.epa.ie/EPAMaps/ http://downsurvey.tcd.ie/down-survey-maps.php Down Survey mapping http://digitalcollections.tcd.ie/home/index.php?DRIS_ID=LCN14679989_001 Taylor & Skinner 1777-85 Maps of the Roads of Ireland

Google Maps Google Earth Bing Maps

Ch0000

Ch0080

Line of old road

Centroid to Battle of Julianstown 1649 RMP Ch0300 ME028-067. Covers c.Ch300-1500 DRIVE FIG 1 Line of old road Ch0300

Ch0360 Centroid to Battle of Julianstown 1649 RMP ME028-067. Covers c.Ch300- 1500

Ch0480 New R150 jct

Ch0630 FIGDRIVE 17 FIG 2 Ch0630 Northernmost building in Julianstown on 1913 OS Northernmost boundary of ACA Ch680

Cul-de-sac old R150 Jct Ch710

Bollard works Ch805-855

Note R132 boundary treatment + shed. Red line = ACA boundary Ch0870

Railing works Ch860-c.980

Ch0960 DRIVE FIG 3 Ch0960

Railing works Ch860-c.980

Southernmost boundary of ACA Ch990 Ch0980 Line of old road

Demolished Ch1130 buildings and Mile Stone Ch990

Ch1260 Ch1280 DRIVE FIG 4 Ch1280

New School

Ch1380

Line of old road

Ch1490

Pump Ch1500

Ch1610 DRIVE FIG 5 Ch1600 Original Whitecross School

Ch1610

Ch1760

Line of old road Ch1900

DRIVE FIG 6 Ch1930 White Cross RMP ME028-007 in garden behind hedge Ch1930

Line of old road

Ch2020

Ch2090

DRIVE FIG 7 Summary of terrace house facades

Terrace House 4 Original sills, chimney, door, rainwater goods windows. New Terrace House 1 + 2 porch covering, Original porch, sills, windows. Terrace House 6 Terrace House 5 chimney Gable finial lost Original sills, Original sills, New windows, door, chimney, porch, Terrace House 3 chimney, rainwater rainwater goods. door, rainwater Original porch, sills, goods Gable finial lost on goods chimney, windows, windows. New door House 1, intact on New windows. door, rainwater porch covering, House 2 Gable finial lost goods. windows. PHOTO 1 Gable finial intact Gable finial lost 1 6 2 8 N 3 9 10 4 11 5 7 21 12 22 13 23 14 16 25 15 17 26 28 18 24 29 19 20 27 36 30 37 31 32 38 33 39 40 0m 5m 10m 34 42 35 PHOTO 2: summary of terrace house numbering 41 2 4 3 1 7

1.47m 5 8 6

2.5m

P1260031 PHOTO 3 21

11 16 15 14 10 13

P1260035 PHOTO 4 20 19 18 17

P1260042 PHOTO 5 23 27

22 20

26 25 24

P1260044 P1260043 PHOTO 6 32 29 31 30

P1260045 PHOTO 7 38 36 37 35

34 33

P1260047

PHOTO 8 Blocked gutter drain (modern) No limestone threshold 38 42 39

Horizontal square profile bar on Barracks 57 – probably similar to 42 PHOTO 9 58 House

57 Barracks Parapet treatment 56 Courthouse 43.2 Medieval window jamb 55 House 43.1 Cow-and-calf 54 Pre-1903 Police Station 44 Flat undecorated masonry slabs

45 Cut stone with chamfers (bridge) 53 Concrete 46 Flat undecorated 52 Mill Race Arch masonry slabs 51 Cut stone with chamfers (3-arch bridge) 47 Concrete

50 Concrete 48 Blocked stile to steps

49 Mile Stone PHOTO index 10: Numbering for Julianstown Bridge and approaches 44.1 Flat undecorated masonry slabs

44.2 concrete repair 44.3 Flat undecorated masonry slabs

N Causeway 45 Cut stone with chamfers (bridge) approach

46.1 concrete repair 46.2 Flat undecorated masonry slabs Julianstown Bridge 46.3 concrete repair 46.4 Flat undecorated masonry slabs NOTE: Buttresses on W face not drawn 47 Concrete S Causeway approach 48 Blocked stile to steps

PHOTO index 11: Detail Numbering for Julianstown Bridge approaches 45.1 N Abutment treatment

45.2 Over Arch 1

45.3 N Pier

45.4 Over Arch 2

45.5 OS Bench Mark on parapet

45.6 Plaque on parapet W face

45.7 S Pier

45.8 Over Arch 2

45.9 S Abutment treatment 0m 10m 20m

NOTE: Buttresses on W face not drawn but they match those on E aside PHOTO index 12: Numbering for Julianstown Bridge. Note apparent skew from survey PHOTO 13

A B

P1260023. Pub car park. Facing N P1260024. Pub car park Facing S

C D

P1260026 Footpath outside Pub car park. Facing S. P1260146 Reset roadside water pump outside pub door (arrowed) PHOTO 14

A B

P1260126 Footpath outside Pub. Facing S

P1260121 RPS Terrace Houses facing S

P1260124 Footpath outside Pub. Facing S PHOTO 15

A B

P1260027. Footpath outside Pub. Facing S P1260028. Courthouse 56 and Barracks 57 protected structures. R132 W side. Facing SW

C D

P1260029. RPS Terrace of P1260030 RPS Terrace of 6. Facing S 6. Facing S PHOTO 16 Emphasised square base to Bollard [2] (see also Bollard base [41] at S terminal, Photo 23). N terminal of bollard-chain run for terrace of seven houses (6 of which = RPS)

Detail of limestone threshold [1] Loose concrete blocks step up to pub area / steps and Note design detail of wall [3] to bollard [4]. footpath Note incorporated drip overhang PHOTO 17

A B

P1260031. Terrace of 6 N end. Footpath and P1260032. Bollard 7 and Components 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 step up to pub area. Facing N

C D

P1260033. Bollard 7. Note notches from previous P1260034. Bollard 7. Hammered/pecked use to accommodate chains limestone (camera distortion noted – this is a tapered shape) PHOTO 18

A B

P1260145 Bollard 7 with stamped B.T. Note angled notches

P1260143 W face of footpath boundary adjacent to Terrace houses 1-2

P1260144 Bollard 14 with stamped B.T PHOTO 19 16

A B

P1260035. Components 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, P1260036. Components 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16. 15. Facing S Facing S

C D

P1260037. Components 10, 11. Facing S P1260038. Detail of bollard 14 top with chain. This is the only surviving original fixing eye PHOTO 20

A B

P1260040. Component 14 + chain + part of wall 15. Note notch in concrete. These opposing notches occur on both faces to all wall P1260039. Component 12, 13, 14, 15. Facing SW capping elements - a pair at each end. Probably shuttering evidence.

C D

P1260041 Component 12, 13, 14 – original limestone threshold. Facing W P1260042 Component 17, 18, 19, 20. Facing SW PHOTO 21 26 Concrete-filled plastic pipe bollard replacement attempt

A B

P1260043 Component 18, 19, 20, 22. Facing S P1260044 Component 24, 25, 26. Facing SW

C D

P1260045 Components 28, 30, 31 removed and P1260046. Base remains of 33, 34, 35 replaced with cobble lock paving for car parking. polished by vehicle tyres. Also base to walls Facing S 32, 37. Facing SW PHOTO 22

A B

P1260047. Components 32, 33, 34, 35, 36. Facing S P1260048. Threshold 34 roughly opposite gate on W side of R132. Facing W

42 bar stump

C D

P1260056 S terminus of terrace of 6-plus-one with P1260050. Terminal Bollard base 41 with components 41 and 42. Also showing gate 39 dug out dowel holes. Facing S and residual wall 40. Facing N PHOTO 23

A B

P1260120 S Terminus block 41

Detail of S terminus base block 41 with dowel holes. Note buried rainwater gutter drainage to rear

P1260053. Terrace of 6-plus-one from S facing N showing 3x areas cleared for car parking PHOTO 24

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P1260049. Previous RIC Barracks pre-1903 (left). P1260054. Courthouse and Barracks on W Facing W side of R132. Facing NW

C D

P1260059. Pre-1903 Police Barracks (left) with courthouse and post-1903 barracks (right) facing NW. P1260051. Old Mill on SE side of R132-R150 junction. Facing SW PHOTO 25 Stone with chamfer

P1260061. S terminus of cow-and-calf 43 capping to walled causeway to Julianstown Bridge. Facing S

A C

P1260060. Reused medieval window jamb 43.2. Many other stones of the parapet capping show sings of being reused ,but none as significantly works as this P1260063 Stone with chamfer 43.2 from image above. Facing W PHOTO 26

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P1260062. Wall down lane to E of R132 to S of terrace House 7. Note large quoins. Previous Smithy behind P1260055 S end of bridge causeway N approach this wall. Facing E capping 43.1 to N of road sign . External height of 1m to 1.2m onto a berm which then slopes down another c1.5-2m Facing S

C D

P1260057. S end of causeway approach capping 43.1 to S of road sign . Facing S P1260058. External face of cow-and- calf section 43.1 is generally flush with underlying wall PHOTO 27

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P1260064 Bridge Causeway N approach cow-and-calf P1260065. Bridge Causeway N approach W face of cow-and- section 43.1 to flat slab capping 44. Facing S calf section 43.1 with capping drip projection. Facing S

C D

P1260066 Bridge Causeway N approach flat slab capping P1260068 Bridge Causeway N approach flat slab capping 44.1 with concrete replaced section 44.2. Facing S 44.1 with concrete replaced section 44.2. Facing SN PHOTO 28

A B

P1260069 Capping 44.3. Note poor P1260112. Bridge 45. Component 45.1 condition. Facing S

C D

P1260071 Bridge 45. Component 45.1 P1260111 Bridge 45. Component 45.1 Note slab connector fixing points Note central fixing points PHOTO 29

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P1260110 Bridge 45. Component 45.3 P1260072 Bridge 45. Component 45.2

C D

P1260109 Bridge 45. Component 45.3 P1260075 Bridge 45. Components 45.4, 45.5, 45.6 PHOTO 30

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P1260074 Bridge 45. Component 45.5 OS Bench P1260107 Bridge 45. Component 45.6 plaque. Mark Facing S Facing N PHOTO 31

A B

P1260108 Bridge 45. Component 45.7 P1260106 Bridge 45. Component 45.6

C D

P1260103. View W from centre of Bridge 45 P1260104 View E from centre of Bridge 45 PHOTO 32

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P1260077 Bridge 45. Component 45.9 P1260114 Bridge 45. Component 45.9

C D

P1260102 Bridge 45. Component 45.8 and P1260078. S causeway 45.9. Facing N Component 46.2 Facing S PHOTO 33

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P1260080 S causeway Component 46.4 running to concrete P1260100 S causeway Component 46.Facing N 47. Facing N

P1260079 S causeway Component 46.4 running to concrete 47. Facing N PHOTO 34

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P1260101 S causeway Component 47. Stile 48 arrowed. Facing N

P1260085. Stile 48 steps on E side of wall. P1260081 S causeway. Stile 48 sill stone on right Facing N PHOTO 35

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P1260083 S causeway. Stile 48 sill stone on right P1260082 Stile 48 steps on E side of wall. Facing E

C D

P1260086 Stile 48 steps on E P1260084 Path through vegetation on E side of S side of wall. Facing N Causeway from base of stile 48 PHOTO 36

A B

P1260087 S causeway S end. Concrete 47 with higher P1260088. Lime Kiln to E of Bridge. Facign E quality concrete cast blocks under ranging pole. Facing S

C D

P1260095 General from R132 realigned in 20th C. Facing N across Bridge 45 P1260090. S Causeway S end. Facing N PHOTO 37

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P1260093 Mile Stone 49 and R132. facing N

P1260092 Mile Stone 49. E and N faces P1260091. Mile Stone 49. S face PHOTO 38

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P1260115. Julianstown Bridge W P1260116 Julianstown Bridge W parapet parapet 51. Facing N 51. Facing S PHOTO 39

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P1260127 House 58 S return to W. Pole adjacent to monolithic granite gate piper. Facing N P1260128. Barracks 57 southern bollard. Facing N

C D

P1260129. Barracks S bollard and bar return. P1260131. Top of Barrack 57 bollard. Note difference in Facing N shape to Terrace Houses and houses 45-55 bollard shape. PHOTO 40

A B

P1260130. Courthouse 56 bollard and ornate chain remains P1260132 Courthouse 56 bollard and ornate chain remains. Facing N

C D

P1260133 Courthouse 56 bollard. Note difference in profile to P1260134 Courthouse 56 bollards for buildings 54-55 and terrace houses opposite. bollards Facing N PHOTO 41

A B

P1260135. Boundary to House 55 facing S. Squared piers P1260136. Bollard to House 55. Note shape replace original bollards. Bollard and chain along alley to right + fixings difference to bollards of 56-57.

C D

P1260137 Bollard to House 55. Note shape P1260138 Bollard to House 54. Note shape + fixings difference to bollards of 56-57. + fixings difference to bollards of 56-57. PHOTO 42

A B

P1260141 Bollard to House 54. Note notches from former chain guides

P1260139 Bollard to House 54. Note shape + fixings difference to bollards of 56-57 P1260142 House 54 front yard and steps down from R132 (beside orange lorry). Facing NE