{PDF EPUB} the Pirate Trial of Anne Bonny and Mary Read by Tamara J
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Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} The Pirate Trial of Anne Bonny and Mary Read by Tamara J. Eastman The Pirate Trial of Anne Bonny and Mary Read by Tamara J. Eastman. Pirate Trials During the Golden Age of Piracy, pirates were looked upon as the most wicked of the bad. There was rarely such a thing as a "fair trial," for corruption reared its ugly head in most every facet of the legal system. The Act of 1700 gave authorization for Vice Admiralty Courts to be set up in all the British colonies, and pirates were usually tried close to the place where they had been captured. Pirates were usually tried all at once, with several of the crew being brought to the bar at the same time. Usually there was no such thing as legal defense for the pirates, and many pirates were illiterate and not at all equipped to defend themselves in court. Upon being found guilty, the governor would pass sentence upon the pirates in these chilling words "Ye, and each of ye, are to go from hence and back to the place from whence you came . from there ye are to be taken to a place of execution, where severally, ye shall be hanged by the neck until you are quite dead! And may God in his infinite mercy have mercy upon your souls . ." In the few cases where women were actually brought to trial and accused of piracy, they usually plead their bellies, and their death sentences would be suspended until they gave birth. In the few cases where women were actually brought to trial and accused of piracy, they usually plead their bellies, and their death sentences would be suspended until they gave birth. To read more about the trials of women pirates, get "The Pyrate Tryal of Anne Bonny & Mary Read" by Tamara J. Eastman and Constance Bond. *photos by Tony Callahan, Callahan Digital Art, Mike Cuffin/Barefeet Photography, Anita Mixon, Wendy Wellman, Jan Minutti and Angelina Morgan. The Pirate Trial of Anne Bonny and Mary Read by Tamara J. Eastman. Cindy Vallar, Editor & Reviewer P. O. Box 425, Keller, TX 76244-0425. Home Pirate Articles Pirate Links Book Reviews Thistles & Pirates. Women and the Jolly Roger By Cindy Vallar. Elizabeth I once told her people, �I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king�.� (Wendy J. Dunn, "Tudor Women Weak? No Way!" Suite101.com) A common fallacy throughout history was that women couldn�t do what men did. Time and time again, however, women stepped forward to prove otherwise, whether they did so tactfully � as Elizabeth did � or whether they were as cheeky as Anne Bonny when she told Calico Jack Rackham, �If you�d fought like a man, you wouldn�t be hung like a dog!� (Eastman and Bond, The Pirate Trial of Anne Bonny and Mary Read ) Women rebels have always intrigued me. My first heroines were Deborah Sampson, Harriet Tubman, and Joan of Arc. Growing up, I was a Tomboy who preferred to play with my dump truck and gas station than my dolls. Perhaps this was why I gravitated toward women who dared to be different and why the heroines of my novels were rebels. In 1976 Life published �Remarkable American Women, 1776-1976.� The section on �Wild Wild Women� particularly fascinated me. What made these women -- Lizzie Borden (accused of murdering her father and step-mother), Hetty Green (the richest investor in New York who refused to spend money), Calamity Jane (dressed, cussed, and drank like a man), and Evelyn Nesbitt (a femme fatale ) -- step outside the boundaries of proper society? Of the 166 women included in Life �s special report, there were flyers, writers, singers, mothers, actresses, First Ladies, politicians, reporters, activists, and criminals, but no pirates. Articles of Agreement that pirates swore an oath to uphold often included a ban on women aboard their ships. After all, �women were weak, feckless, hysterical beings who distracted men and brought bad luck to ships, calling forth supernatural winds that sank vessels and drowned men.� (Cordingly, Women Sailors and Sailors� Women ) Historical records provide evidence that women did go to sea -- sometimes as pirates or sailors. While Anne Bonny and Mary Read were perhaps the most famous women pirates, others of equal or lesser renown included Grace O�Malley, Alwida, and Cheng I Sao. In order for a woman to succeed in her new persona, she had to do more than don a disguise. She had to adopt the mannerisms common to men -- fighting, carousing, swearing, walking, and dressing as the men did. Sarah Collins enlisted with her brother during the Civil War, but was discovered �by her unmasculine manner of putting on her shoes and stockings.� (Hall, Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War ) Getting aboard a ship disguised as a man wasn�t that difficult in the Age of Sail. A sailor�s clothes easily disguised a woman�s shape. Mariners already wore their hair long, tied in a pigtail and tarred. Petticoat-breeches and the baggy shirt worn under a jacket easily hid her curves, especially if she bound her breasts. Sailors rarely removed their clothes and the only time a doctor insisted they undress was to treat their wounds. Billy Bridle, a daring sailor who served aboard a vessel for two years, challenged a shipmate to climb the highest mast. The mate was reluctant, but finally agreed to the challenge. Soon after he climbed down, Billy followed, but burned his hands as he slid down the topgallant halyards. Twenty feet above the deck, Billy lost his grip, fell to the deck, and died. Not until the inquest did anyone discover Billy was actually Rachel Young. Taking care of bodily functions posed a more challenging problem, but not an impossible one. Some affixed a tube inside their breeches to appear to urinate as a man when they went to the head. Since many sailors contracted venereal diseases, they wouldn�t have thought anything strange about a sailor bleeding. It was a common complaint. As for having her period, there�s a good chance she ceased menstruating from the poor food and strenuous exercise of working aboard a wooden ship. Since she didn�t shave, men just assumed she hadn�t gone through puberty yet. Furling and unfurling sails, working the pumps and capstan, rowing boats, and a myriad of other tasks requiring hard labor wouldn�t have been a problem for most working-class women of the seventeen and eighteenth centuries. Even as women living ashore they worked long hours and did physically demanding chores. If she were strong and able, a woman was capable of doing sailors� work. It took a remarkable woman to assume a male persona and carry it off successfully. Why would any woman choose to do so? Perhaps because she wished to earn her way in life without prostituting herself and to keep her wages instead of having to relinquish them to her husband or father. She could learn a trade forbidden to women. As a man, she had rights, unlike a woman who had few if any rights under the law. As long as men believed her to be one of them, they treated her as a man. As soon as her true identity was discovered, she was no longer taken seriously and had to return home to mind her place. While an untold number of accounts of male pirates and warriors exist, the same isn�t true of women who donned male attire and changed their names. Many pirates were illiterate as were the majority of the lower classes. Women would have been doubly so, for educating them was seen as folly. Pirates, who kept journals or diaries, rarely mention women, �except as victims of men.� (Exquemelin, The Buccaneers of America ) In spite of this dearth of primary documentation, we know women became pirates, sailors, and soldiers. As Mary Livermore, a Sanitary Commission agent, wrote in 1888 about disguised women who fought in the Civil War: �Some one has stated the number of women soldiers�as little less than four hundred. I cannot vouch for the correctness of this estimate, but I am convinced that a larger number of women disguised themselves and enlisted�than was dreamed of. Entrenched in secrecy, and regarded as men, they were sometimes revealed as women, by accident or casualty. Some startling histories of these military women were current in the gossip of army life; and extravagant and unreal as were many of the narrations, one always felt that they had a foundation in fact.� (Blanton and Cook, They Fought Like Demons: Women Soldiers in the American Civil War ) The same was probably true of women pirates throughout history. Some disguised their sex. Others did not. Some achieved notoriety in their lifetimes. Most, however, disappeared without anyone being the wiser. The list of women pirates numbers approximately forty, but some may never have lived. Four lesser-known women pirates Lady Mary Killigrew The Killigrew family, which lived in Cornwall, had a notorious reputation for seizing ships, appropriating the cargo, and selling both to finance their lifestyle. On the first of January in 1583, the Maria docked at Arwenack Castle where Lady Killigrew entertained them. For several days the Spanish captain and others visited Penryn. On their return they discovered the Maria had disappeared. During their absence and after a storm passed, Lady Killigrew and her servants rowed to the ship, killed those Spaniards still aboard, and absconded with the cargo.