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80132111KZ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA.Pub [LB 0212] AUGUST 2012 Sub. Code: 2111 B.Sc. NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY SECOND YEAR PAPER I – PHYSICS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE INSTRUMENTATION Q.P. Code : 802111 Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks (180 Mins) Answer ALL questions in the same order. I. Elaborate on: Pages Time Marks (Max.)(Max.)(Max.) 1. Describe an uptake probe and explain it’s working with respect to I131 uptake studies. 7 20 10 2. Describe the energy resolution of Gamma spectroscopy system. 7 20 10 3. Describe the basic principle of rectilinear scanner and focused collimator for scanning. 7 20 10 II. Write notes on: 1. Describe the quality control tests for a Gamma camera – flood field uniformity, total system uniformity. 4 10 5 2. Explain briefly multicrystal camera. 4 10 5 3. Explain briefly liquid scintillation detectors. 4 10 5 4. Define Auger electron its relationship atomic number and its energy. 4 10 5 5. Explain briefly calibration of a spectrometer. 4 10 5 6. Explain the ionization chamber and GM counter and their uses in nuclear medicine. 4 10 5 7. Define Compton scattering. Explain its mechanism and significance in nuclear medicine and how to suppress them. 4 10 5 8. Describe the principle of Geiger Muller survey meter its uses, and its limitations. 4 10 5 III. Short answers on: 1. Define hand held Gamma probe and material used for the probe. 4 10 5 2. Describe Gray scale display. 4 10 5 3. Define dead time, paralysable and non-paralysable systems. 4 10 5 4. Define Roentgen, Gray, and L.E.T. 4 10 5 5. Describe the coincidence detection. 4 10 5 6. Explain septal thickness of collimator with respect to resolution. 4 10 5 7. Describe the Chi square test with respect to P value. 4 10 5 8. Describe briefly the dot factor in imaging of radioactivity. 4 10 5 9. Describe collimator focus. 4 10 5 10. Explain briefly rate meter-time constant. 4 10 5 ******* [LD 0212] AUGUST 2013 Sub.Code :2111 B.SC. NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY SECOND YEAR PAPER –I – PHYSICS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE INSTRUMENTATION Q.P. Code: 802111 Time: Three hours Maximum : 100 Marks Answer All questions I Elaborate on: (3x10 =30) 1. System resolution, system sensitivity and matrix size and its relationship in image quality of gamma camera 2. Single channel analyzer, multichannel analyzer and window settings 3. Different parts and working principle of rectilinear scanner II. Write Notes on: (8x5=40) 1. Geiger Muller counter 2. Survey meter with ionization chamber 3. Liquid scintillation detector 4. Shielding requirements for well counter 5. Precision and Accuracy 6. Gray curve and film density 7. Information density in bone scan 8. Poison distribution III. Write Short Answers on: (10x3=30) 1. Percent standard deviation 2. Scan speed in bone scan 3. Timer in spectrometer 4. Septa thickness in collimator 5. Dynodes in photo multiplier tube 6. Proportional counter 7. Semiconductor detectors 8. Types of measurement error 9. Geometric efficiency of collimator 10. Statistical tests ***** [LE 0212] FEBRUARY 2014 Sub.Code:2111 B.SC. NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY SECOND YEAR PAPER –I – PHYSICS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE INSTRUMENTATION Q.P. Code: 802111 Time: Three hours Maximum : 100 Marks Answer all questions I. Elaborate on: (3x10 =30) 1. Instrumentation and working principle of Rectilinear Scanner 2. Different collimators used in Gamma Camera 3. Chi-square statistical test and its application II. Write Notes on: (8x5=40) 1. Isotope Calibrator 2. Well counter 3. Single channel pulse height analyzer 4. Gamma energy spectrum and window settings for counting 5. Gaussian distribution 6. Rate meters in Rectlinear Scanner 7. Uniformity in Gamma camera 8. Photo multiplier tube III. Write short answers on: (10x3=30) 1. Ionization chamber 2. Thallium activated sodium iodine crystal 3. Application of pre-amplifier 4. Precision in statistics 5. Septa thickness 6. Cathode ray tube 7. Spatial resolution of collimator in gamma camera 8. Focal length of collimator in rectilinear scanner 9. Radionuclide I-131 10. Field of view ***** [LF 0212] AUGUST 2014 Sub.Code :2111 B.Sc. NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY SECOND YEAR PAPER –I – PHYSICS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE INSTRUMENTATION Q.P. Code: 802111 Time: Three hours Maximum : 100 Marks Answer All questions I. Elaborate on: (3 x 10 = 30) 1. Explain the different types of collimators used in Gamma Camera. 2. Explain about the single channel analyzer , multi channel analyzer and window settings. 3. Explain the principle and working of a scintillation detector. II. Write Notes on: (8 x 5 = 40) 1. Ionization Chamber. 2. Scintillation detector. 3. Well type counter. 4. Pre amplifier. 5. Data processing and their functions. 6. Spectra of Tc-99m and Cr-51. 7. Different Statistical test. 8. System Resolution. III. Write short answers on: (10 x 3 = 30) 1. Dead Time correction in G M tube. 2. Pre amplifier. 3. Standard deviation. 4. Figure of merit. 5. Scan speed. 6. Types of measurement errors. 7. Septa thickness in collimators. 8. Precession and accuracy. 9. Poison and Gaussian distribution. 10. Application of cathode ray tube. ***** [LG 0215] FEBRUARY 2015 Sub.Code :2111 B.Sc. NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY SECOND YEAR PAPER I – PHYSICS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE INSTRUMENTATION Q.P. Code: 802111 Time: Three hours Maximum : 100 Marks Answer All questions I. Elaborate on: (3 x 10 = 30) 1. Describe with basic principle, design and working of Gamma camera. 2. Explain the working principle of G.M. Counter. 3. Explain the principle and working of a scintillation detector. II. Write Notes on: (8 x 5 = 40) 1. Ionization Chamber. 2. Liquid scintillation detector. 3. Pulse height analyzer. 4. Spectra of Tc-99m and I-131. 5. Integral and differential counting. 6. Different statistical tests. 7. System resolution. 8. Multi crystal scanners. III. Write short answers on: (10 x 3 = 30) 1. Shielding requirement of well counter. 2. Window setting. 3. Standard deviation. 4. Figure of merit. 5. Gray curve. 6. Septa thickness in collimators. 7. Scan speed. 8. Geometric efficiency of collimators. 9. Precision and accuracy. 10. Pre amplifiers. ***** [LH 0815] AUGUST 2015 Sub.Code :2111 B.Sc. NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY SECOND YEAR PAPER I – PHYSICS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE INSTRUMENTATION Q.P. Code: 802111 Time: Three Hours Maximum : 100 Marks Answer All questions I. Elaborate on: (3 x 10 = 30) 1. Explain about the single channel analyzer, multi channel analyzer and window settings. 2. Different collimators used in Gamma Camera. 3. Explain different types of detectors, its uses and applications. II. Write Notes on: (8 x 5 = 40) 1. Isotope Calibrator. 2. Explain briefly multicrystal camera. 3. Rate meters in Rectilinear Scanner. 4. Gamma energy spectrum and window settings for counting. 5. Photo multiplier tube. 6. Factors affecting detection efficiency of a radiation measuring instrument. 7. Explain briefly calibration of a spectrometer. 8. Data processor and their function. III. Short answers on: (10 x 3 = 30) 1. Coincidence detection. 2. Thallium activated sodium iodine crystal. 3. Application of pre-amplifier. 4. Hand held Gamma probe. 5. Film density. 6. The dot factor in imaging of radioactivity. 7. Spatial resolution of collimator in gamma camera. 8. Focal length of collimator in rectilinear scanner. 9. Radionuclide Iodine-131. 10. Field of view. ******** [LI 0216] FEBRUARY 2016 Sub.Code :2111 B.Sc. NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY SECOND YEAR PAPER I – PHYSICS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE INSTRUMENTATION Q.P. Code: 802111 Time: Three Hours Maximum : 100 Marks Answer All questions I. Elaborate on: (3 x 10 = 30) 1. Explain the principle and working of a scintillation detector. 2. Describe the basic principle of rectilinear scanner and focused collimator for Scanning. 3. Describe an uptake probe and explain it’s working regarding Iodine-131 uptake studies. II. Write Notes on: (8 x 5 = 40) 1. Describe any three quality control tests for a Gamma camera. 2. Isotope Calibrator. 3. Factors affecting detection efficiency of a radiation measuring instrument. 4. Explain the calibration of a spectrometer. 5. Data processing and their functions. 6. Describe the principle of Geiger Muller survey meter its uses, and its limitations. 7. Different Statistical test. 8. System Resolution. III. Short answers on: (10 x 3 = 30) 1. Define dead time. 2. Pre amplifier. 3. Standard deviation. 4. Coincidence detection. 5. Rate meter-time constant. 6. Types of measurement errors. 7. The dot factor in imaging of radioactivity. 8. Information density in bone scan. 9. Poisson distribution. 10. Semiconductor detectors. ******** [LJ 0816] AUGUST 2016 Sub.Code :2111 B.Sc. NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY SECOND YEAR PAPER I – PHYSICS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE INSTRUMENTATION Q.P. Code: 802111 Time: Three Hours Maximum : 100 Marks Answer All questions I. Elaborate on: (3 x 10 = 30) 1. Explain the various types of collimators and their applications. 2. Explain the single and multi-channel analyzers. 3. Explain how to check the reliability of radiation counting instrument with the help of statistical tests. II. Write Notes on: (8 x 5 = 40) 1. NaI(Tl) crystal. 2. Iso response curve. 3. Voltage response curve of gas filled radiation detectors. 4. Dose Calibrator. 5. Photomultiplier tube. 6. Uptake probe. 7. Gaussian distribution. 8. Spectra of Tc99m. III. Short answers on: (10 x 3 = 30) 1. Ratemeter. 2. Standard deviation. 3. Properties of some Scintillator materials. 4. Dead time. 5. FWHM. 6. Signal to noise ratio. 7. Geometric efficiency of Well counter. 8. Rectilinear scanner. 9. Conversion of counts per minute to activity. 10. Frequency domain. ******** [LK 0217] FEBRUARY 2017 Sub.Code :2111 B.Sc. NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY SECOND YEAR PAPER I – PHYSICS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE INSTRUMENTATION Q.P. Code: 802111 Time: Three Hours Maximum : 100 Marks Answer All questions I. Elaborate on: (3 x 10 = 30) 1. Explain scintillation and semiconductor detectors used for radiation detection.
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