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Ethiopia's Troubled Situation

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Ethiopia's Troubled Situation ETHIOPIA’S TROUBLED SITUATION HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION MARCH 28, 2006 Serial No. 109–165 Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.house.gov/international—relations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 26–776PDF WASHINGTON : 2006 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:50 Jul 06, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\WORK\AGI\032806\26776.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois, Chairman JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa TOM LANTOS, California CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, HOWARD L. BERMAN, California Vice Chairman GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York DAN BURTON, Indiana ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American ELTON GALLEGLY, California Samoa ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey DANA ROHRABACHER, California SHERROD BROWN, Ohio EDWARD R. ROYCE, California BRAD SHERMAN, California PETER T. KING, New York ROBERT WEXLER, Florida STEVE CHABOT, Ohio ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts RON PAUL, Texas GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York DARRELL ISSA, California BARBARA LEE, California JEFF FLAKE, Arizona JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon MARK GREEN, Wisconsin SHELLEY BERKLEY, Nevada JERRY WELLER, Illinois GRACE F. NAPOLITANO, California MIKE PENCE, Indiana ADAM B. SCHIFF, California THADDEUS G. MCCOTTER, Michigan DIANE E. WATSON, California KATHERINE HARRIS, Florida ADAM SMITH, Washington JOE WILSON, South Carolina BETTY MCCOLLUM, Minnesota JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas BEN CHANDLER, Kentucky J. GRESHAM BARRETT, South Carolina DENNIS A. CARDOZA, California CONNIE MACK, Florida RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska MICHAEL MCCAUL, Texas TED POE, Texas THOMAS E. MOONEY, SR., Staff Director/General Counsel ROBERT R. KING, Democratic Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, Chairman THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey JEFF FLAKE, Arizona GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York MARK GREEN, Wisconsin BARBARA LEE, California JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas DIANE E. WATSON, California JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska BETTY MCCOLLUM, Minnesota EDWARD R. ROYCE, California, EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon Vice Chairman MARY M. NOONAN, Subcommittee Staff Director GREG SIMPKINS, Subcommittee Professional Staff Member NOELLE LUSANE, Democratic Professional Staff Member SHERI A. RICKERT, Subcommittee Professional Staff Member and Counsel LINDSEY M. PLUMLEY, Staff Associate (II) VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:50 Jul 06, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\032806\26776.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL C O N T E N T S Page WITNESSES The Honorable Donald Y. Yamamoto, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of African Affairs, U.S. Department of State ..................................................... 10 His Excellency Fesseha A. Tessema, Charge´ d’Affaires, Embassy of the Fed- eral Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ................................................................. 25 Mr. Andargachew Tsege, Member, Central Council, Coalition for Unity and Democracy Party .................................................................................................. 60 Meqdes Mesfin, M.D., Daughter of Professor Mesfin Wolde Mariam, Ethiopian Prisoner of Conscience ......................................................................................... 63 Mr. Obang Metho, Director of International Advocacy, Anuak Justice Council 70 Ms. Lynn Fredricksson, Advocacy Director for Africa, Amnesty International .. 89 LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC., SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING The Honorable Christopher H. Smith, a Representative in Congress from the State of New Jersey, and Chairman, Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights and International Operations: Prepared statement ................ 4 The Honorable Donald Y. Yamamoto: Prepared statement ................................. 12 His Excellency Fesseha A. Tessema: Prepared statement ................................... 31 Mr. Andargachew Tsege: Prepared statement ...................................................... 62 Meqdes Mesfin, M.D.: Prepared statement ........................................................... 67 Mr. Obang Metho: Prepared statement ................................................................. 75 Ms. Lynn Fredricksson: Prepared statement ........................................................ 93 APPENDIX The Honorable Betty McCollum, a Representative in Congress from the State of Minnesota: Prepared statement ...................................................................... 113 Mesfin Mekonen, on behalf of the Ethiopian-American Council and the Ethio- pian National Congress: Statement for the record ............................................ 113 Oromo Liberation Front Delegation: Statement for the record ........................... 115 Mr. Andargachew Tsege, Member, Central Council, Coalition for Unity and Democracy Party: Statement for the record ...................................................... 118 Responses from the Honorable Donald Y. Yamamoto to questions submitted for the record by the Honorable Donald M. Payne, a Representative in Congress from the State of New Jersey ............................................................. 135 (III) VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:50 Jul 06, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\032806\26776.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:50 Jul 06, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\032806\26776.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL ETHIOPIA’S TROUBLED SITUATION TUESDAY, MARCH 28, 2006 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS, COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:05 p.m. in room 2172, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Christopher H. Smith (Chairman of the Subcommittee) presiding. Mr. SMITH OF NEW JERSEY. The Subcommittee will come to order, and we will be joined shortly by my good friend and col- league, Ranking Member Don Payne. But because I know Deputy Assistant Secretary Yamamoto has to make a flight and will be going to Ethiopia from here, we will begin the hearing. Ethiopia is one of Africa’s most populous and influential nations, and has for centuries been the home to numerous diverse religious and ethnic populations. Last May the East African nation held elections which promised to be a big step forward for Ethiopia’s democracy. The election process started out more open than previous elections, with the po- litical opposition able to campaign more freely than ever before. Unfortunately, the window of opportunity presented for democracy closed in a wave of government harassment of opposition parties and ethnic hate speech. Although there were other problems in the election process, the biggest issue was the delayed release of the vote results. Prelimi- nary results indicated that the opposition did much better than in past elections, increasing the number of Parliamentary seats won from 12 to nearly 200. However, opposition party coalitions charged that fraud had been committed in many of the races that they did not win. Because the government had failed to release results in the weeks after the election, suspicions rose that the victory by the opposition had been stolen. The controversy surrounding the 2005 Ethiopian election is a re- sult of a number of factors that created a perfect storm of political discontent, and that created tragic conditions in Ethiopia. The Eu- ropean Union election monitoring team reported serious irregular- ities, but its impartiality was questioned after the leak of a prelimi- nary EU report which indicated that the opposition parties would win a majority in Parliament based solely on the results in the cap- ital of Addis Ababa. (1) VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:50 Jul 06, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 F:\WORK\AGI\032806\26776.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL 2 Periodic statements released by the EU election team were then undercut by statements from the EU diplomats, much as I experi- enced in my visit to Addis with Greg Simpkins of our Sub- committee last August. The Government of Ethiopia, by refusing to release all relevant information regarding the election in a timely fashion, created fear that the election had been stolen. International donors worked be- hind the scenes with the government to create a mechanism to re- solve election disputes. However, that mechanism pitted the ruling party and the government-appointed national election board against the opposition parties. As a result, the opposition lost 90 percent of the challenges it filed, and the government missed its own July 8 deadline for re- lease of election results, furthering the frustration and suspicion. As for the political opposition, its leaders contributed to this cri- sis by failing to provide necessary evidence of election fraud in all too many cases. It is not that this evidence may not have existed, but the parties appeared to be unprepared to effectively document what the problems
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