Memorials of the Aldermen, Provosts, and Lord Provosts of Aberdeen
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Sir DAVID STEWART oi' Banchory. rn »(be?^ /IftcmociaU ALDERMEN, PROVOSTS, LORD PROVOSTS OF ABERDEEN, 1272-189S. ALEXANDER M. MUNRO F.S.A. (Scot.) ABERDEEN: 1. a1^ PllINTED FOR ' THE SUBSCRIBERS. N> i 1 MDCCCXCVir. r , PREFACE. Among the royal burghs in Scotland, Aberdeen holds a prominent position for the completeness of its municipal history, and in no respect is this more clearly shown than by glancing down the long list of those who have held the chief civic position in the community. In making a retrospect of the municipal life of the burgh, we are indebted to the almost unbroken series of local records, both civil and ecclesiastical, for the material used for placing in relief the history of those who, in times gone past, have guided the counsels of the ancient burgh. The aim of the following sketches is to gather up the frag- ments of history relating to the various occupants of the civic chair, and to group round them some of the incidents of their municipal career, with the possibility, it may be, of interesting not a few in the fact that, as Baillie Skene says, " this city hath not been a barren mother or nurse in our Israel in bringing forth and breeding up many eminent men and brave spirits, whereof there may be set down a large catalogue." The list of those who have filled the chair, so far as recovered, embraces the names of one hundred and forty-two individuals, who might fitly find a place in such a catalogue as Baillie Skene proposed. How or when the municipal government originated in Aber- deen it is impossible to say, but there is distinct evidence of its existence, in some form or other, for at least two centuries before 1272, when the first alderman is mentioned. The scarcity, vi. Preface. however, of records during that period has made it impossible to recover the name of one single individual who can in any way be identified with the position of the chief civic ruler in the burgh during those centuries. For about a century after 1272, it is worthy of note that the information, scanty as it may be, is preserved in ecclesiastical rather than civic documents, adding one to the many proofs of the powerful position and widespread influence exerted by the old Church. This fact is the more re- markable in the case of Aberdeen, seeing that its civic records are the most complete of the kind in Scotland. The title given to the chief magistrate in burghs has changed at various times and in different places, but the following are met with in Scotland : —mayor, burgh grieff, alderman, provost, and lord provost. The former two terms, mayor and burgh grieff, so far as is known, were never used in Aberdeen, but the other three designations occur in the order stated. The earlier records are, as a rule, written in Latin, and some difficulty has been experienced in the interpretation of the term " prepositus," especially as used during the fourteenth century. In the Ex- chequer Rolls there sometimes appear in a single year, as rendering the burgh accounts, no less than three persons called " prepositi," and it is siipposed that the term, as then used, would more closely correspond with the burgh baillies as opposed to the " ballivi," who, at the same period, were more properly the receivers of the Crown revenues. In Aberdeen, the term " pre- positus," as meaning provost, came into general use about 1460, although alderman, in use prior to that year, is continued to a later date in minutes written in English. The older term of alderman after having been in disuse for over a century, was revived for a short time at the beginning Preface. vii. of the seventeenth century as applied to those members of the Council who had passed the civic chair. For nearly four centuries, however, the title provost was the official designation used by the chief magistrate of the burgh in signing minutes, deeds, letters, &c., although in press notices, letters, and in other ways to be afterwards mentioned, the title of lord provost was generally recognised, and it was not till 1863 that any question as to the use of the title was raised. The occasion was in connec- tion with the arrangements for the order of the procession at the inauguration of the Albert Memorial in London in that year, when it became necessary for the burgh authorities to assert their claim to the title of lord provost, so that Aberdeen might take its rightful position among other corporations during the ceremonies. Though the chief magistrate was officially designated provost* by the municipal authorities, there is a long series of precedents in favour of the higher title of lord provost. During the sixteenth century there are innumerable petitions engrossed in the Council Registers addressed to " My Lord Provost," while the large collec- tion of original letters preserved in the city archives contains sufficient evidence that the title was applied to the chief magis- trate not infrequently by all classes. On the 10th February, 1594-5, when Ludovick, Duke of Lennox, was made a burgess of the burgh, he " protestit befoir God and befoir my Lord Provest and Bailleis that he professit and avowit with his hairt the trew * In many cases the authorities themselves are curiously indifferent as to the exact stj'le, for in the minute of the election of 1817, the town's officer returns an execution of " a precept by Alexander Eraser, Esq., Lord Provost of Aber- deen," ordering the new Council to attend the meeting at which Charles Forbes was elected " to be provost." viii. Preface. religion." In a sermon by the Rev. John Paterson, entitled " A Sermon of Thanksgiving for the Safe and Happy Returne of our Gracious Soveraign, &c.," printed by James Brown in 1660, the discourse is said to have been preached at the desire of the " Lord ; Provost, Baillies, and Councell " while the dedication of Baillie Alexander Skene's Succinct Survey, printed in 1685, is to " The Right Honourable Sir George Skene of Fintray, Lord Provost, &c." In later times the title has been in constant use in Acts of Parliament and other official documents. In the recent controversy raised by Dundee claiming the title of lord provost in the Convention of Burghs, the cases of Glasgow and Aberdeen were cited as examples where the title was used without authority. This, however, is not the case, so far as Aberdeen is concerned, for the question was the subject of discussion in 1863, among those responsible for advising Her Majesty at the time of unveiling the statue of the Prince Consort at Aberdeen. Indeed the difficulty then raised was not so much about the title lord provost, as that of " The Right Honourable the Lord Provost," which was claimed by the late Sir Alexander Anderson, who was then chief magistrate. Mr. Gladstone, then Chancellor of the Exchequer, took the advice of the late Dr. Joseph Robertson, of the Register House, Edinburgh, in the matter, and, as the latter says, " I had no difficulty in placing before Mr. Gladstone a string of precedents extending over more than the last two hundred years, such as I think satisfied him of the right of the Provost of Aberdeen to be recognised by the Queen as Lord Provost." On the question of Right Honourable, Dr. Robertson was not able to report so favourably to the claim of Aberdeen, although he very carefully guarded himself by saying that his opportunities for investigation, at the date of Mr. Glad- Preface. ix. stone's request, had been limited. In this connection his opinion is valuable as to what would constitute a good claim, and is worth quoting as showing the nature of the precedents he relied upon for the title of lord provost. He says—" If you can show that the style of Right Honourable was used at a later period than I am aware of, of course my difficulty is removed, provided always that you can show that the style was not claimed merely by the Lord Provost, but actually awarded to him by persons of high rank, or in circumstances such as to make their practice in such a case of some authority." It will thus be seen that not- withstanding the value which some may be inclined to put on the precedents above-mentioned, the claim to the title of lord provost has rested since 1863 upon undoubted authority. In the discussion raised by the case of Dundee, it was frequently asserted that only by charter or an overt act on the part of the Crown, could the dignity be properly conferred. In the case of Aberdeen, it is held that the title of lord provost, which had been fortified by a long series of precedents, was acknowledged and confirmed to the city in 1863 when Her Majesty, in conferring the honour of knighthood on Mr. Alexander Anderson, designed him Lord Provost of Aberdeen. The other burghs in Scotland whose chief magistrate is called lord provost, are—Edinburgh, whose right is derived from royal authority granted in 1667, and whose chief magistrate is a right honourable, in virtue of his having been a Privy Councillor ex officio ; Glasgow * also uses the style of lord provost and right honourable, and claims these titles by their being recognised through usage in local acts of Parliament, &c. ; Perth claims the * Letter, Town-Clerk of Glasgow, " Scotsman," 5tli April, X. Preface. title of lord provost also from usage ; Dundee holds the title by warrant, dated 10th February, 1892, under the hand of the Secretary for Scotland, sionifying Her Majesty's pleasure that in all time coming the chief magistrate " shall bear and use and be known by the seal and title of Lord Provost of the City of Dundee." The office of chief magistrate has always been looked upon