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231 THE FUTURE OF WORLD : POPULATION GROWTH PROJECTIONS, 2010-2050

Appendix C: Defining the Religious Groups This study attempts to project the future number of people who will self-identify as Buddhists, Christians, , Muslims and Jews, as well as people associated with three other religious categories: the religiously unaffiliated, folk or traditional religions and “other” religions, which are consolidated into a single group.

Buddhists The three major branches of in the modern world are Buddhism, Buddhism and (sometimes described as Tibetan) Buddhism. While affiliation with particular branches of Buddhism is not measured in most censuses and surveys, Mahayana Buddhism is widely believed to be the largest, because it is prevalent in several countries with very large Buddhist populations, particularly , , South and . Theravada Buddhism, the second-largest branch, is concentrated in such countries as , Burma (), , Laos and . Vajrayana Buddhism, the smallest of the three major branches, is concentrated in , , and .107 The Buddhist population figures in this study also include members of other groups that identify as Buddhist, such as and Hoa Hao.

Christians This analysis looks at Christians as a single religious group and does not project changes among Christian subgroups. About half of all Christians were Catholic as of 2010. An estimated 37% of Christians belonged to the Protestant , broadly defined to include Anglicans as well as members of independent and nondenominational churches. The Orthodox Communions, including the Greek and Russian Orthodox, made up 12% of Christians. Other Christian groups, which made up the remaining 1%, include the Church of Christ of Latter-day (Mormons), Christian Scientists and Jehovah’s Witnesses. Estimates are based on self- identification. The intent is sociological rather than theological, and no set of beliefs (such as adherence to a particular creed) or practices (such as regular church attendance) is used to define who is a Christian.

107 Alternatively, some scholars consider there to be two main Buddhist branches – Mahayana and Theravada – and classify Vajrayana as part of the Mahayana branch. Other schools within the Mahayana tradition include , and . See, for example, Williams, Paul. 2008. “Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations.” Routledge.

DEFINING THE RELIGIOUS GROUPS 232 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

Folk or Traditional Religions Folk religions are closely tied to a particular people, ethnicity or tribe. In some cases, elements of other are blended with local beliefs and customs. These often have no formal creeds or sacred texts. Examples of folk religions include African traditional religions, Chinese folk religions, Native American religions and Australian aboriginal religions.

Hindus Major traditions within include , which is devoted to of the Vishnu, and , organized around worship of the god Shiva. Because of a lack of census or survey data on subgroups of Hindus in most countries, however, reliable estimates of the global size of various Hindu traditions are not available.

Jews The projections in this report are based on estimates of people who self-identify as Jewish when asked about their on national censuses and large-scale surveys. The figures do not include “cultural” or “ethnic” Jews – people who have Jewish ancestry and may consider themselves at least partially Jewish but who do not describe their current religion as Jewish. The worldwide figures in this report could be larger if a broader definition (such as having a Jewish grandparent) or smaller if a tighter definition (such as an unbroken line of matrilineal Jewish descent) were imposed.108

Muslims There are two major branches of – Sunni and Shia. As of 2010, it was estimated that the overwhelming majority (87-90%) of Muslims were Sunnis; about 10-13% were Shia Muslims. However, with little data on population differences among Muslim subgroups around the world, this report does not project the future size of Sunni and Shia populations.

108 For more information on varying definitions of Jewishness and resulting population estimates, see DellaPergola, Sergio. 2011. “Jew- ish Demographic Policies: Population Trends and Options in Israel and the Diaspora.” The Jewish People Policy Institute, pages 21-25.

www.pewresearch.org 233 THE FUTURE OF WORLD RELIGIONS: POPULATION GROWTH PROJECTIONS, 2010-2050

Other Religions “Other religions” is a residual category composed of groups not classified elsewhere. This very diverse category includes followers of religions that often are not measured separately in censuses and surveys: the Baha’i faith, , Shintoism, , , , , and many other religions. Because of a lack of data on these faiths in many countries, the individual religions within this category are not projected separately. Rather, they are combined and treated as a whole. This means the growth trajectories of specific religions in this category could vary greatly. (For more details on groups in this category, see Chapter 2, page 124.)

The Religiously Unaffiliated The religiously unaffiliated population includes atheists, agnostics and people who do not identify with any particular religion. However, many of the religiously unaffiliated do hold some religious or spiritual beliefs. For example, surveys have found that in God or a higher power is shared by 7% of unaffiliated Chinese adults, 30% of unaffiliated French adults and 68% of unaffiliated U.S. adults.109

109 Beliefs and practices of unaffiliated adults in the United States are documented in the Pew Research Center’s October 2012 report “‘Nones’ on the Rise.” The Pew Research belief-in-God question measures belief in God or a universal spirit. French results are based on a Pew research analysis of 2008 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) data; the ISSP survey measures belief in God or a “higher power of some kind.” Chinese results are based on a Pew Research analysis of the 2007 Spiritual Life Study of Chinese Residents survey, conducted by the Chinese polling firm Horizon. In China, the belief-in-God statistic includes belief in God, , spirits, ghosts or Buddha.

DEFINING THE RELIGIOUS GROUPS 234 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

Religious Composition by Country, 2010 and 2050 This table includes countries and territories with at least 100,000 people as of 2010.

COUNTRY YEAR POPULATION CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST FOLK OTHER JEWISH 2010 31,410,000 0.1% 99.7% < 0.1% < 0.1% < 0.1% < 0.1% < 0.1% < 0.1% 2050 72,380,000 < 0.1 99.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Albania 2010 3,200,000 18.0 80.3 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 2050 2,810,000 13.4 85.9 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 Algeria 2010 35,470,000 0.2 97.9 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 46,580,000 0.2 98.0 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Angola 2010 19,080,000 90.5 0.2 5.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 41,470,000 90.5 0.2 5.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Argentina 2010 40,410,000 85.2 1.0 12.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.5 2050 49,910,000 86.6 0.7 11.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.3 Armenia 2010 3,090,000 98.5 < 0.1 1.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 2050 3,230,000 97.4 1.1 1.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 Aruba 2010 110,000 91.9 0.2 6.0 < 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.4 2050 100,000 90.9 0.2 6.8 < 0.1 0.1 1.4 0.1 0.3 Australia 2010 22,270,000 67.3 2.4 24.2 1.4 2.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 2050 29,120,000 47.0 4.9 40.4 2.3 3.1 0.9 1.0 0.5 Austria 2010 8,390,000 80.4 5.4 13.5 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.1 0.2 2050 8,460,000 72.6 8.9 17.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 Azerbaijan 2010 9,190,000 3.0 96.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 11,300,000 1.9 98.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Bahamas 2010 340,000 96.0 0.1 3.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.3 < 0.1 2050 410,000 96.7 0.1 2.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.2 < 0.1 Bahrain 2010 1,260,000 14.5 70.3 1.9 9.8 2.5 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 2050 1,790,000 12.1 70.2 2.1 10.7 4.0 0.4 0.2 0.4 Bangladesh 2010 148,690,000 0.3 90.4 < 0.1 8.5 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 198,960,000 0.3 91.7 < 0.1 7.3 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Barbados 2010 270,000 95.2 1.0 1.9 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 < 0.1 2050 260,000 95.2 1.0 1.9 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 < 0.1 Belarus 2010 9,600,000 71.2 0.2 28.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 8,510,000 71.2 2.4 26.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Belgium 2010 10,710,000 64.2 5.9 29.0 < 0.1 0.2 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 2050 11,120,000 52.8 11.8 33.6 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.3 Belize 2010 310,000 87.6 0.1 8.9 0.2 0.5 1.5 0.1 1.0 2050 540,000 87.3 0.1 9.2 0.1 0.5 1.5 0.1 1.1

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COUNTRY YEAR POPULATION CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST FOLK OTHER JEWISH Benin 2010 8,850,000 53.0 23.8 5.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 18.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 21,530,000 48.5 27.3 5.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 18.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 Bhutan 2010 730,000 0.5 0.2 < 0.1 22.6 74.7 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 990,000 0.6 0.2 < 0.1 22.5 74.7 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 Bolivia 2010 9,930,000 93.9 < 0.1 4.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 1.0 < 0.1 2050 17,000,000 94.2 < 0.1 4.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.8 < 0.1 Bosnia- 2010 3,760,000 52.3 45.2 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Herzegovina 2050 2,620,000 48.5 49.4 2.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Botswana 2010 2,010,000 72.1 0.4 20.6 0.3 < 0.1 6.0 0.6 < 0.1 2050 2,680,000 83.9 1.8 11.8 0.2 < 0.1 1.7 0.5 < 0.1 Brazil 2010 194,950,000 88.9 < 0.1 7.9 < 0.1 0.1 2.8 0.2 < 0.1 2050 223,020,000 86.4 < 0.1 9.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.0 0.1 < 0.1 Brunei 2010 400,000 9.4 75.1 0.4 0.3 8.6 6.2 0.1 < 0.1 2050 510,000 9.4 75.1 0.4 0.3 8.6 6.2 0.1 < 0.1 Bulgaria 2010 7,490,000 82.1 13.7 4.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 5,180,000 78.7 15.0 6.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Burkina Faso 2010 16,470,000 22.5 61.6 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 15.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 49,860,000 19.3 64.6 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 15.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 Burma 2010 47,960,000 7.8 4.0 0.5 1.7 80.1 5.8 0.2 < 0.1 (Myanmar) 2050 56,060,000 7.9 4.7 0.5 1.6 79.8 5.4 0.2 < 0.1 Burundi 2010 8,380,000 91.5 2.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 13,800,000 90.5 3.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 6.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 Cambodia 2010 14,140,000 0.4 2.0 0.2 < 0.1 96.9 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 19,740,000 0.4 2.1 0.2 < 0.1 96.7 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 Cameroon 2010 19,600,000 70.3 18.3 5.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 3.3 2.7 < 0.1 2050 38,200,000 67.6 22.0 4.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 3.1 2.7 < 0.1 Canada 2010 34,020,000 69.0 2.1 23.7 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.0 2050 40,940,000 60.2 5.5 25.6 2.6 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.4 Cape Verde 2010 500,000 89.1 0.1 9.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.5 0.2 < 0.1 2050 720,000 89.7 < 0.1 8.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.3 0.1 < 0.1 Cent. African 2010 4,400,000 89.5 8.5 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 Republic 2050 8,590,000 87.9 10.1 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 Chad 2010 11,230,000 40.6 55.3 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 2050 27,620,000 42.7 53.9 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.3 0.1 < 0.1 Channel 2010 150,000 85.2 < 0.1 14.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 Islands 2050 140,000 85.2 < 0.1 14.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 Chile 2010 17,110,000 89.4 < 0.1 8.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.5 0.2 0.1 2050 20,120,000 86.2 0.1 12.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.3 0.2 0.1

RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION BY COUNTRY AND TERRITORY, 2010 AND 2050 236 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

COUNTRY YEAR POPULATION CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST FOLK OTHER JEWISH China 2010 1,341,310,000 5.1 1.8 52.2 < 0.1 18.2 21.9 0.7 < 0.1 2050 1,305,010,000 5.4 2.7 50.8 < 0.1 18.5 21.8 0.7 < 0.1 Colombia 2010 46,290,000 92.5 < 0.1 6.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 61,590,000 91.8 < 0.1 7.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 Comoros 2010 730,000 0.5 98.3 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 1,830,000 0.5 98.3 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 Costa Rica 2010 4,660,000 90.9 < 0.1 7.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.3 < 0.1 2050 6,330,000 90.4 < 0.1 8.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 0.3 < 0.1 Croatia 2010 4,400,000 93.4 1.4 5.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 3,760,000 93.6 1.9 4.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Cuba 2010 11,260,000 59.2 < 0.1 23.0 0.2 < 0.1 17.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 9,670,000 57.8 < 0.1 23.5 0.2 < 0.1 18.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 Cyprus 2010 1,100,000 73.2 25.3 1.2 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 1,430,000 68.9 25.1 3.6 0.8 1.3 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 Czech 2010 10,490,000 23.3 < 0.1 76.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Republic 2050 9,760,000 18.6 1.0 78.9 < 0.1 0.6 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 Dem. Republic 2010 65,970,000 95.8 1.5 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.7 0.1 < 0.1 of the Congo 2050 148,120,000 95.7 1.7 1.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.7 0.1 < 0.1 Denmark 2010 5,550,000 83.5 4.1 11.8 0.4 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 5,820,000 78.6 8.5 11.0 0.9 0.8 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 Djibouti 2010 890,000 2.3 96.9 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 2050 1,550,000 2.3 96.9 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 Dominican 2010 9,930,000 88.0 < 0.1 10.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 0.1 < 0.1 Republic 2050 13,690,000 88.3 < 0.1 10.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 0.1 < 0.1 Ecuador 2010 14,460,000 94.1 < 0.1 5.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 20,050,000 93.7 0.1 5.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 Egypt 2010 81,120,000 5.1 94.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 124,130,000 3.7 96.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 El Salvador 2010 6,190,000 88.2 < 0.1 11.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.3 < 0.1 2050 6,890,000 87.6 < 0.1 11.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 0.3 < 0.1 Equatorial 2010 700,000 88.7 4.0 5.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.5 < 0.1 Guinea 2050 1,360,000 88.7 4.0 5.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.5 < 0.1 Eritrea 2010 5,250,000 62.9 36.6 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 11,190,000 62.9 36.6 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 Estonia 2010 1,340,000 39.9 0.2 59.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 2050 1,040,000 40.4 0.2 59.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Ethiopia 2010 82,950,000 62.8 34.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 145,350,000 58.3 39.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 < 0.1

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COUNTRY YEAR POPULATION CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST FOLK OTHER JEWISH Fed. States of 2010 110,000 95.3 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 0.4 2.7 0.7 < 0.1 Micronesia 2050 200,000 95.2 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 0.4 2.7 0.8 < 0.1 Fiji 2010 860,000 64.4 6.3 0.8 27.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 2050 1,230,000 64.4 6.3 0.8 27.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 Finland 2010 5,360,000 80.1 0.8 19.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 5,570,000 72.5 3.4 23.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 France 2010 62,790,000 63.0 7.5 28.0 < 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 2050 69,300,000 43.1 10.9 44.1 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.5 French Guiana 2010 230,000 84.4 0.9 3.4 1.6 < 0.1 9.1 0.5 < 0.1 2050 440,000 83.0 2.3 4.9 0.8 1.0 7.4 0.5 < 0.1 French 2010 270,000 94.0 < 0.1 4.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.4 < 0.1 Polynesia 2050 330,000 94.0 < 0.1 4.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.4 < 0.1 Gabon 2010 1,510,000 76.5 11.2 5.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 6.0 0.7 < 0.1 2050 3,050,000 71.5 16.0 6.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 5.5 0.7 < 0.1 Gambia 2010 1,730,000 4.5 95.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 4,830,000 3.3 95.7 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 Georgia 2010 4,350,000 88.5 10.7 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 3,470,000 85.0 14.2 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Germany 2010 82,300,000 68.7 5.8 24.7 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 0.1 0.3 2050 70,220,000 59.3 10.0 29.8 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 0.1 0.3 Ghana 2010 24,390,000 74.9 15.8 4.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.9 0.2 < 0.1 2050 49,360,000 67.8 22.3 3.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 6.1 0.1 < 0.1 Greece 2010 11,360,000 88.1 5.3 6.1 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 10,120,000 86.1 7.8 5.5 0.3 < 0.1 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 Grenada 2010 100,000 96.6 0.3 1.0 0.7 < 0.1 1.3 0.2 < 0.1 2050 150,000 96.6 0.3 1.0 0.7 < 0.1 1.3 0.2 < 0.1 Guadeloupe 2010 460,000 95.9 0.4 2.5 0.5 < 0.1 0.4 0.4 < 0.1 2050 520,000 95.9 0.4 2.5 0.5 < 0.1 0.4 0.4 < 0.1 Guam 2010 180,000 94.2 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 1.1 1.5 1.6 < 0.1 2050 250,000 94.2 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 1.1 1.5 1.6 < 0.1 Guatemala 2010 14,390,000 95.2 < 0.1 4.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 30,210,000 95.7 < 0.1 3.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 Guinea 2010 9,980,000 10.9 84.4 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 22,890,000 10.0 85.5 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 Guinea-Bissau 2010 1,520,000 19.7 45.1 4.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 30.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 3,040,000 16.0 48.8 4.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 30.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 Guyana 2010 750,000 66.0 6.4 2.0 24.9 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 < 0.1 2050 1,050,000 73.8 5.2 1.9 18.4 < 0.1 0.1 0.5 < 0.1

RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION BY COUNTRY AND TERRITORY, 2010 AND 2050 238 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

COUNTRY YEAR POPULATION CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST FOLK OTHER JEWISH Haiti 2010 9,990,000 86.9 < 0.1 10.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.2 0.3 < 0.1 2050 14,830,000 86.5 < 0.1 11.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.9 0.3 < 0.1 Honduras 2010 7,600,000 87.6 0.1 10.5 < 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.6 < 0.1 2050 12,380,000 87.7 0.2 10.1 < 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.7 < 0.1 Hong Kong 2010 7,050,000 14.3 1.8 56.1 0.4 13.2 12.8 1.5 < 0.1 2050 7,770,000 18.9 3.2 49.1 0.7 13.4 13.4 1.3 < 0.1 Hungary 2010 9,980,000 81.0 < 0.1 18.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 2050 8,540,000 76.1 0.4 23.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Iceland 2010 320,000 95.0 0.2 3.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 < 0.1 2050 410,000 90.8 1.7 5.1 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.2 < 0.1 India 2010 1,224,620,000 2.5 14.4 < 0.1 79.5 0.8 0.5 2.3 < 0.1 2050 1,691,280,000 2.2 18.4 < 0.1 76.7 0.7 0.5 1.5 < 0.1 Indonesia 2010 239,870,000 9.9 87.2 < 0.1 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 2050 297,260,000 11.2 86.4 < 0.1 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 < 0.1 Iran 2010 73,980,000 0.2 99.5 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 2050 86,460,000 < 0.1 99.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 Iraq 2010 31,670,000 0.8 99.0 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 80,790,000 0.6 99.3 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Ireland 2010 4,470,000 92.0 1.1 6.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 6,640,000 83.5 3.0 12.1 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 Israel 2010 7,420,000 2.0 18.6 3.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 75.6 2050 11,690,000 1.9 24.6 2.9 < 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 69.9 Italy 2010 60,550,000 83.3 3.7 12.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 56,080,000 72.8 9.5 16.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 Ivory Coast 2010 19,740,000 44.1 37.5 8.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 10.2 0.2 < 0.1 2050 39,740,000 41.5 37.3 8.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 12.0 0.2 < 0.1 Jamaica 2010 2,740,000 77.2 < 0.1 17.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.5 1.0 < 0.1 2050 3,070,000 77.1 < 0.1 17.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.7 1.0 < 0.1 Japan 2010 126,540,000 1.6 0.2 57.0 < 0.1 36.2 0.4 4.7 < 0.1 2050 107,780,000 2.4 0.3 67.7 < 0.1 25.1 0.6 3.9 < 0.1 Jordan 2010 6,190,000 2.2 97.2 < 0.1 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 11,340,000 2.1 96.9 0.2 0.2 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Kazakhstan 2010 16,030,000 24.7 70.4 4.2 < 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 2050 21,680,000 18.4 77.4 2.8 < 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.3 < 0.1 Kenya 2010 40,510,000 84.8 9.7 2.5 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 1.2 < 0.1 2050 97,150,000 82.1 13.3 2.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.2 0.9 < 0.1 Kosovo 2010 1,770,000 6.1 93.8 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 1,970,000 4.7 95.2 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

www.pewresearch.org 239 THE FUTURE OF WORLD RELIGIONS: POPULATION GROWTH PROJECTIONS, 2010-2050

COUNTRY YEAR POPULATION CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST FOLK OTHER JEWISH Kuwait 2010 2,740,000 14.3 74.1 < 0.1 8.5 2.8 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 2050 4,710,000 11.8 69.4 0.2 10.8 7.3 0.4 0.2 < 0.1 Kyrgyzstan 2010 5,330,000 11.4 88.0 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 8,220,000 7.0 92.4 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Laos 2010 6,200,000 1.5 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 66.0 30.7 0.7 < 0.1 2050 9,260,000 1.5 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 56.9 39.7 0.8 < 0.1 Latvia 2010 2,250,000 55.8 0.1 43.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 2050 1,720,000 54.3 0.4 45.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 Lebanon 2010 4,230,000 38.3 61.3 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 4,870,000 38.2 61.4 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Lesotho 2010 2,170,000 96.8 < 0.1 3.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 2,700,000 97.2 < 0.1 2.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Liberia 2010 3,990,000 85.9 12.0 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.1 < 0.1 2050 9,840,000 85.4 12.1 1.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.1 0.1 < 0.1 Libya 2010 6,360,000 2.7 96.6 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 9,050,000 2.7 96.6 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Lithuania 2010 3,320,000 89.8 < 0.1 10.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 2,490,000 91.2 0.2 8.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Luxembourg 2010 510,000 70.4 2.3 26.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.1 2050 520,000 71.1 2.3 26.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.1 Macau 2010 540,000 7.2 0.2 15.4 < 0.1 17.3 58.9 1.0 < 0.1 2050 540,000 7.2 0.2 15.4 < 0.1 17.3 58.9 1.0 < 0.1 Madagascar 2010 20,710,000 85.3 3.0 6.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 53,620,000 82.8 3.2 8.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 5.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 Malawi 2010 14,900,000 82.7 13.0 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 49,840,000 84.0 12.9 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 Malaysia 2010 28,400,000 9.4 63.7 0.7 6.0 17.7 2.3 0.2 < 0.1 2050 45,190,000 9.4 72.4 0.4 5.0 10.8 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 Maldives 2010 320,000 0.4 98.4 < 0.1 0.3 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 410,000 0.4 98.4 < 0.1 0.3 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Mali 2010 15,370,000 2.4 94.4 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 42,660,000 2.3 93.4 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 3.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 Malta 2010 420,000 97.0 0.2 2.5 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 360,000 97.0 0.2 2.5 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Martinique 2010 410,000 96.5 0.2 2.3 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 < 0.1 2050 420,000 96.5 0.2 2.3 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 < 0.1 Mauritania 2010 3,460,000 0.3 99.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 7,340,000 0.3 99.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1

RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION BY COUNTRY AND TERRITORY, 2010 AND 2050 240 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

COUNTRY YEAR POPULATION CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST FOLK OTHER JEWISH Mauritius 2010 1,300,000 32.7 17.3 0.7 48.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 2050 1,260,000 32.9 17.6 1.0 47.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 Mayotte 2010 200,000 0.7 98.6 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 490,000 0.7 98.6 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 Mexico 2010 113,420,000 95.1 < 0.1 4.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 142,330,000 91.4 < 0.1 8.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Moldova 2010 3,570,000 97.4 0.6 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 2050 2,550,000 97.0 1.4 1.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 Mongolia 2010 2,760,000 2.3 3.2 35.9 < 0.1 55.1 3.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 4,110,000 2.2 4.1 37.4 < 0.1 52.9 3.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 Montenegro 2010 630,000 78.1 18.7 3.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 610,000 71.5 25.8 2.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Morocco 2010 31,950,000 < 0.1 99.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 39,970,000 < 0.1 100.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Mozambique 2010 23,390,000 56.7 18.0 17.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 7.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 49,000,000 60.0 15.1 16.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 8.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Namibia 2010 2,280,000 97.5 0.3 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 3,550,000 97.3 0.3 2.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 Nepal 2010 29,960,000 0.5 4.6 0.3 80.7 10.3 3.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 47,740,000 0.5 6.6 0.2 79.8 9.2 3.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 Netherlands 2010 16,610,000 50.6 6.0 42.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2050 17,050,000 39.6 9.4 49.1 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 New Caledonia 2010 250,000 85.2 2.8 10.4 < 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.8 < 0.1 2050 310,000 85.2 2.8 10.4 < 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.8 < 0.1 New Zealand 2010 4,370,000 57.0 1.2 36.6 2.1 1.6 0.5 0.7 0.2 2050 5,850,000 44.7 2.7 45.1 3.6 2.2 0.5 1.0 0.2 Nicaragua 2010 5,790,000 85.8 < 0.1 12.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 2050 8,220,000 84.2 < 0.1 14.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 Niger 2010 15,510,000 0.8 98.4 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 54,810,000 1.1 97.9 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Nigeria 2010 158,420,000 49.3 48.8 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 394,150,000 39.3 58.5 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 North Korea 2010 24,350,000 2.0 < 0.1 71.3 < 0.1 1.5 12.3 12.9 < 0.1 2050 26,380,000 2.0 < 0.1 71.3 < 0.1 1.5 12.3 12.9 < 0.1 Norway 2010 4,880,000 84.7 3.7 10.1 0.5 0.6 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 2050 5,850,000 73.7 8.9 14.5 0.9 1.5 0.2 0.2 < 0.1 Oman 2010 2,780,000 6.5 85.9 0.2 5.5 0.8 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 2050 4,590,000 5.5 87.3 0.4 5.7 0.5 < 0.1 0.6 < 0.1

www.pewresearch.org 241 THE FUTURE OF WORLD RELIGIONS: POPULATION GROWTH PROJECTIONS, 2010-2050

COUNTRY YEAR POPULATION CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST FOLK OTHER JEWISH 2010 173,590,000 1.6 96.4 < 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 283,110,000 1.5 96.5 < 0.1 2.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Palestinian 2010 4,040,000 2.4 97.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 territories 2050 10,000,000 1.4 98.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Panama 2010 3,520,000 93.0 0.7 4.8 < 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 2050 5,020,000 91.9 0.8 5.7 < 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.4 Papua New 2010 6,860,000 99.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 0.2 < 0.1 Guinea 2050 13,510,000 99.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 0.2 < 0.1 Paraguay 2010 6,450,000 96.9 < 0.1 1.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.2 < 0.1 2050 10,390,000 96.8 < 0.1 1.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.8 0.2 < 0.1 Peru 2010 29,080,000 95.5 < 0.1 3.0 < 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.3 < 0.1 2050 39,640,000 95.2 < 0.1 3.3 < 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.3 < 0.1 Philippines 2010 93,260,000 92.6 5.5 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.5 0.1 < 0.1 2050 156,090,000 92.0 6.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.6 0.2 < 0.1 Poland 2010 38,280,000 94.3 < 0.1 5.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 33,280,000 86.8 0.2 12.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Portugal 2010 10,680,000 91.9 0.3 7.5 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 8,690,000 86.3 1.3 11.3 0.1 0.3 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 Puerto Rico 2010 3,750,000 96.7 < 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.1 < 0.1 2050 3,480,000 95.7 < 0.1 2.7 < 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.1 < 0.1 Qatar 2010 1,760,000 13.8 67.7 0.9 13.8 3.1 < 0.1 0.7 < 0.1 2050 3,700,000 12.6 64.6 0.6 17.1 4.1 0.7 0.3 < 0.1 Republic of 2010 2,060,000 59.3 39.3 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Macedonia 2050 1,650,000 42.7 56.2 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Republic of 2010 4,040,000 85.9 1.2 9.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.8 1.1 < 0.1 the Congo 2050 9,230,000 87.8 1.1 7.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.7 1.0 < 0.1 Reunion 2010 850,000 87.6 4.2 2.0 4.5 0.2 0.4 1.1 < 0.1 2050 1,080,000 87.6 4.2 2.0 4.5 0.2 0.4 1.1 < 0.1 Romania 2010 21,490,000 99.5 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 16,370,000 99.4 0.4 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Russia 2010 142,960,000 73.3 10.0 16.2 < 0.1 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 2050 123,960,000 71.3 16.8 11.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 Rwanda 2010 10,620,000 93.4 1.8 3.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 0.2 < 0.1 2050 26,470,000 93.0 3.2 3.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.2 < 0.1 Samoa 2010 180,000 96.8 < 0.1 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 2050 370,000 97.5 < 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1

RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION BY COUNTRY AND TERRITORY, 2010 AND 2050 242 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

COUNTRY YEAR POPULATION CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST FOLK OTHER JEWISH Sao Tome and 2010 170,000 82.2 < 0.1 12.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.9 2.4 < 0.1 Principe 2050 320,000 79.6 < 0.1 14.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 3.2 2.6 < 0.1 Saudi Arabia 2010 27,450,000 4.4 93.0 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 < 0.1 2050 45,630,000 4.0 93.1 0.5 1.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 < 0.1 Senegal 2010 12,430,000 3.6 96.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 28,290,000 2.5 97.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Serbia 2010 8,090,000 92.6 4.1 3.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 6,200,000 88.4 8.1 3.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Sierra Leone 2010 5,870,000 20.9 78.0 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 11,000,000 18.5 80.4 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 Singapore 2010 5,090,000 18.2 14.3 16.4 5.2 33.9 2.3 9.7 < 0.1 2050 7,910,000 17.0 21.4 16.0 10.0 27.0 2.8 5.6 0.2 Slovakia 2010 5,460,000 85.3 0.2 14.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 5,230,000 79.5 0.8 19.0 < 0.1 0.3 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 Slovenia 2010 2,030,000 78.4 3.6 18.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 1,740,000 75.0 4.7 20.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Solomon 2010 540,000 97.4 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.7 < 0.1 Islands 2050 1,160,000 97.4 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.7 < 0.1 Somalia 2010 9,330,000 < 0.1 99.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 26,170,000 < 0.1 99.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 South Africa 2010 50,130,000 81.2 1.7 14.9 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 2050 60,660,000 80.0 2.6 15.4 0.8 0.1 0.7 0.3 < 0.1 South Korea 2010 48,180,000 29.4 0.2 46.4 < 0.1 22.9 0.8 0.2 < 0.1 2050 47,520,000 33.5 0.7 46.3 0.1 18.1 1.0 0.2 < 0.1 South Sudan 2010 9,950,000 60.5 6.2 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 32.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 21,080,000 60.5 6.2 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 32.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 Spain 2010 46,080,000 78.6 2.1 19.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 2050 52,310,000 65.2 7.5 26.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 0.1 Sri Lanka 2010 20,860,000 7.3 9.8 < 0.1 13.6 69.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 24,420,000 6.8 12.3 < 0.1 14.0 66.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 St. Lucia 2010 170,000 91.1 0.1 6.0 0.3 < 0.1 0.5 2.0 < 0.1 2050 210,000 93.0 < 0.1 4.9 0.3 < 0.1 0.4 1.4 < 0.1 St. Vincent & 2010 110,000 88.7 1.5 2.5 3.4 < 0.1 2.0 2.0 < 0.1 Grenadines 2050 130,000 88.7 1.5 2.5 3.4 < 0.1 2.0 2.0 < 0.1 Sudan 2010 33,600,000 5.4 90.7 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 71,330,000 5.4 90.7 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 Suriname 2010 520,000 51.6 15.2 5.4 19.8 0.6 5.3 1.8 0.2 2050 670,000 54.4 11.8 8.8 15.4 0.7 6.7 2.0 0.2

www.pewresearch.org 243 THE FUTURE OF WORLD RELIGIONS: POPULATION GROWTH PROJECTIONS, 2010-2050

COUNTRY YEAR POPULATION CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST FOLK OTHER JEWISH Swaziland 2010 1,190,000 88.1 0.2 10.1 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 0.4 < 0.1 2050 1,640,000 89.3 0.5 8.6 0.1 < 0.1 1.1 0.4 < 0.1 Sweden 2010 9,380,000 67.2 4.6 27.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 2050 10,960,000 52.3 12.4 32.8 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 Switzerland 2010 7,660,000 72.7 4.9 20.9 0.5 0.5 < 0.1 0.2 0.3 2050 7,860,000 61.9 7.6 28.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 Syria 2010 20,410,000 5.2 92.8 2.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 33,630,000 5.1 92.8 2.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Taiwan 2010 23,220,000 5.5 < 0.1 12.7 < 0.1 21.3 44.2 16.2 < 0.1 2050 20,150,000 6.5 < 0.1 17.1 < 0.1 20.5 42.3 13.6 < 0.1 Tajikistan 2010 6,880,000 1.6 96.7 1.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 12,280,000 2.1 96.1 1.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Tanzania 2010 44,840,000 61.4 35.2 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 140,470,000 66.6 30.8 2.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 Thailand 2010 69,120,000 0.9 5.5 0.3 0.1 93.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 67,910,000 1.1 8.3 0.3 0.2 90.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Timor-Leste 2010 1,120,000 99.6 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 3,080,000 99.6 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Togo 2010 6,030,000 43.7 14.0 6.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 35.6 0.6 < 0.1 2050 10,650,000 36.7 14.0 6.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 42.3 0.6 < 0.1 Tonga 2010 100,000 98.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 2050 210,000 98.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 Trinidad and 2010 1,340,000 65.9 5.9 1.9 22.7 0.3 1.9 1.4 < 0.1 Tobago 2050 1,230,000 67.8 5.5 1.7 20.9 0.4 2.1 1.6 < 0.1 Tunisia 2010 10,480,000 0.2 99.5 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 12,570,000 0.2 99.5 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Turkey 2010 72,750,000 0.4 98.0 1.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 2050 91,180,000 0.5 98.0 1.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 Turkmenistan 2010 5,040,000 6.4 93.0 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 6,910,000 6.5 92.9 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 U.S. Virgin 2010 110,000 94.8 0.1 3.7 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 0.3 Islands 2050 110,000 94.8 0.1 3.7 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 0.3 Uganda 2010 33,420,000 86.7 11.5 0.5 0.3 < 0.1 0.9 0.1 < 0.1 2050 96,120,000 84.3 13.9 0.5 0.3 < 0.1 0.9 0.1 < 0.1 Ukraine 2010 45,450,000 83.8 1.2 14.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 2050 36,400,000 89.2 3.7 6.6 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 United Arab 2010 7,510,000 12.6 76.9 1.1 6.6 2.0 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 Emirates 2050 10,280,000 12.9 73.0 1.0 9.5 2.7 0.3 0.6 < 0.1

RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION BY COUNTRY AND TERRITORY, 2010 AND 2050 244 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

COUNTRY YEAR POPULATION CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST FOLK OTHER JEWISH United 2010 62,040,000 64.3 4.8 27.8 1.4 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.5 Kingdom 2050 68,610,000 45.4 11.3 38.9 2.0 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.3 United States 2010 310,380,000 78.3 0.9 16.4 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.6 1.8 2050 394,350,000 66.4 2.1 25.6 1.2 1.4 0.5 1.5 1.4 Uruguay 2010 3,370,000 57.9 < 0.1 40.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 2050 3,570,000 56.5 < 0.1 42.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 0.3 0.2 Uzbekistan 2010 27,450,000 2.3 96.7 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 36,110,000 1.5 97.8 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Vanuatu 2010 240,000 93.3 < 0.1 1.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.1 1.4 < 0.1 2050 510,000 93.5 < 0.1 1.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.0 1.4 < 0.1 Venezuela 2010 28,980,000 89.3 0.3 10.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 40,270,000 89.6 0.3 9.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 Vietnam 2010 87,850,000 8.2 0.2 29.6 < 0.1 16.4 45.3 0.4 < 0.1 2050 104,040,000 8.9 0.2 30.5 < 0.1 15.9 44.0 0.4 < 0.1 Western 2010 530,000 0.2 99.4 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Sahara 2050 730,000 0.2 99.4 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yemen 2010 24,050,000 0.2 99.1 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2050 61,580,000 0.1 99.1 < 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Zambia 2010 13,090,000 97.6 0.5 0.5 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.9 < 0.1 2050 44,640,000 96.7 1.0 0.7 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 1.1 < 0.1 Zimbabwe 2010 12,570,000 87.0 0.9 7.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 3.8 0.3 < 0.1 2050 18,850,000 86.1 1.1 7.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.9 0.3 < 0.1

www.pewresearch.org 245 THE FUTURE OF WORLD RELIGIONS: POPULATION GROWTH PROJECTIONS, 2010-2050

REGION YEAR POPULATION CHRISTIAN MUSLIM UNAFFIL. HINDU BUDDHIST FOLK OTHER JEWISH -Pacific 2010 4,054,940,000 7.1 24.3 21.2 25.3 11.9 9.0 1.3 < 0.1 2050 4,937,900,000 7.7 29.5 17.0 27.7 9.6 7.4 1.0 < 0.1 Europe 2010 742,550,000 74.5 5.9 18.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 2050 696,330,000 65.2 10.2 23.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 Latin America- 2010 590,080,000 90.0 0.1 7.7 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.2 < 0.1 Caribbean 2050 748,620,000 88.9 0.1 8.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.9 0.2 < 0.1 Middle East- 2010 341,020,000 3.7 93.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 1.6 North Africa 2050 588,960,000 3.1 93.7 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.4 < 0.1 1.4 North America 2010 344,530,000 77.4 1.0 17.1 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.6 1.8 2050 435,420,000 65.8 2.4 25.6 1.3 1.4 0.6 1.5 1.4 Sub-Saharan 2010 822,730,000 62.9 30.2 3.2 0.2 < 0.1 3.3 0.2 < 0.1 Africa 2050 1,899,960,000 58.5 35.2 2.7 0.1 < 0.1 3.2 0.2 < 0.1 World 2010 6,895,850,000 31.4 23.2 16.4 15.0 7.1 5.9 0.8 0.2 2050 9,307,190,000 31.4 29.7 13.2 14.9 5.2 4.8 0.7 0.2

Note: This report projects religious change in 198 countries and territories with a population of at least 100,000 people as of 2010. Projections were not made for smaller countries for which there was insufficient data on fertility, mortality and age structure.

RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION BY COUNTRY AND TERRITORY, 2010 AND 2050