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Top-Cited Articles in Implant Dentistry Anastasia Fardi, DDS, Phd1/Konstantinos Kodonas, DDS, Phd2/ Theodoros Lillis, DDS, Msc3/Alexander Veis, DDS, Phd†

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Top-Cited Articles in Implant Dentistry Anastasia Fardi, DDS, Phd1/Konstantinos Kodonas, DDS, Phd2/ Theodoros Lillis, DDS, Msc3/Alexander Veis, DDS, Phd† Top-Cited Articles in Implant Dentistry Anastasia Fardi, DDS, PhD1/Konstantinos Kodonas, DDS, PhD2/ Theodoros Lillis, DDS, MSc3/Alexander Veis, DDS, PhD† Purpose: Citation analysis is the field of bibliometrics that uses citation data to evaluate the scientific recognition and the influential performance of a research article in the scientific community. The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the top-cited articles pertaining to implant dentistry, to analyze the main characteristics, and to display the most interesting topics and evolutionary trends. Materials and Methods: The 100 top-cited articles published in “Dentistry, Oral Surgery, and Medicine” journals were identified using the Science Citation Index Database. The articles were further reviewed, and basic information was collected, including the number of citations, journals, authors, publication year, study design, level of evidence, and field of study. Results: The highly cited articles in implant dentistry were cited between 199 and 2,229 times. The majority of them were published in four major journals: Clinical Oral Implants Research, International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, and Journal of Periodontology. The publication year ranged from 1981 to 2009, with 45% published in a nine-year period (2001 to 2009). Publications from the United States (29%) were the most heavily cited, followed by those from Sweden (23%) and Switzerland (17%). The University of Göteborg from Sweden produced the highest number of publications (n = 19), followed by the University of Bern in Switzerland (n = 13). There was a predominance of clinical papers (n = 42), followed by reviews (n = 25), basic science research (n = 21), and proceedings papers (n = 12). Peri-implant tissue healing and health (24%), implant success/failures (19.2%), and biomechanical topics (16.8%) were the most common fields of study.Conclusion: Citation analysis in the field of implant dentistry reveals interesting information about the topics and trends negotiated by researchers and elucidates which characteristics are required for a paper to attain a “classic” status. Clinical science articles published in high- impact specialized journals are most likely to be cited in the field of implant dentistry.I NT J ORAL MAXILLOFAC IMPLANTS 2017;32:555–564. doi: 10.11607/jomi.5331 Keywords: bibliometrics, citation analysis, implant dentistry eginning with Swedish orthopedic surgeon presented significant developments. Much of the sci- BBrånemark’s first reports of osseointegration and entific contribution of Brånemark’s investigations and titanium dental implants, the practice of replacing that of other important historical advances to dental missing teeth changed the dental practice.1 Since implant research is reflected in the number of received then, research in implant dentistry has evolved at a citations. rapid pace, and a substantial body of literature has Bibliometrics is a field of quantitative science that applies mathematical and statistical methods, such as citation analysis, to evaluate the scientific recognition and the influential performance of a research article 1Department of Dentoalveolar Surgery, Surgical Implantology in the scientific community. Although the number of & Radiology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of citations is not indicative of the quality or the impor- Thessaloniki, Greece. 2Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle tance of a research paper, it determines the reputation 2 University of Thessaloniki, Greece. of the authors as well as the journals’ impact factor. 3Department of Dentoalveolar Surgery, Surgical Implantology Web of Science belongs to the Thomson Reuters Cor- & Radiology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of poration and provides electronic access to the world’s Thessaloniki, Greece. citation databases. Science Citation Index Expanded, †Deceased. which was developed by the Institute for Scientific Correspondence to: Dr Anastasia Fardi, Department of Information (ISI), may be accessed via Web of Science Dentoalveolar Surgery, Surgical Implantology & Radiology, Core Collection.3 Web of Science also publishes the an- School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56124 nual Journal Citation Reports, which offers systematic Thessaloniki, Greece. Email: [email protected] means to critically evaluate the world’s leading jour- ©2017 by Quintessence Publishing Co Inc. nals based on citation data.4 The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 555 © 2017 BY QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO, INC. PRINTING OF THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED TO PERSONAL USE ONLY. NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER. Fardi et al Evaluation of the academic impact of the published year, number of authors, institution of the first author literature is gaining substantial interest. There have (single institution, interinstitutionally, multiuniversi- been numerous publications that have attempted to ty, international collaborative articles), and country generate “citation classics,” “top,” or “highly” cited pa- of the first author (for the purposes of the research, pers in different specialties of medical science, includ- the institution and the country of the first author ing cardiology,5 radiology,6,7 orthopedics,8 emergency was considered as the country of the origin of the medicine,9 neurosurgery,10 obstetrics and gynecol- article). Furthermore, mean citations per year values ogy,11 otolaryngology,12,13 and plastic surgery.14 Cita- (with reference to the year 2015) for all publications tion analyses have also been conducted to evaluate were calculated to account for the time bias that the scientific performance of authors,15 journals,16,17 is inherent to bibliometric studies. It is known that and countries.18 the simple assessment of absolute citation number Although there has been a top-citation analysis favors older papers and risks excluding more recent in general dentistry19; in some subspecialties of den- influential publications. tistry, such as orthodontics,20 endodontics,21 and Each article was further analyzed, and basic infor- periodontology22; and in specific dental fields such mation was collected, including article type (clinical as dental traumatology23 and human cleft lip and pal- research, basic science article, and review), study de- ate research,24 no such assessment exists in the field sign, level of evidence, and field of study. Clinical study of dental implantology. The aim of this study was to design included randomized controlled trial (RCT), conduct a bibliometric analysis of the top-cited ar- cohort, case control, cross-sectional study, case series, ticles pertaining to implant dentistry published in and case reports. A basic science article was further “Dentistry, Oral Surgery, and Medicine” journals and to categorized to biomechanics, in vivo (animal research), analyze the main characteristics covering publication or in vitro study. The level of evidence of each article year, journals, authors, countries, institutions, and field was determined based on criteria published by the of study. Oxford Centre for Evidence–Based Medicine.25 Finally, papers were characterized according to their field of study into subject areas related to dental implant re- MATERIALS AND METHODS search. Each publication could be assigned to one or more categories. The methodology provided in the present study was based on the Science Citation Index Expanded data- base accessed via the Web of Science Core Collection RESULTS before/and on October 30, 2015. According to Jour- nal Citation Reports of edition year 2014, 88 journals A total of 25,057 documents were identified in the ini- were included under the Institute of Science Informa- tial search. Among them, 578 were cited more than tion Web of Science subject category “Dentistry, Oral 100 times. The number of citations of the 100 articles Surgery and Medicine.” The keyword “implant*” was selected varied between 199 and 2,229 (Table 1).26–125 searched in the topic field (including article title, ab- The mean number of citations per article was 321. stract, author, keywords, and Key Words Plus) in Web Although it is beyond the scope of this article to of Science Core Collection from 1900 to October 2015. analyze each article separately, the subject of the most No time, language, or any other limitation was applied cited articles shows major trends in dental implant in the investigation. To limit the search only to relevant dentistry. The most cited paper, with 2,229 citations studies, the authors used the filter of the “front page,” and with the topmost growth rate of 64 citations an- meaning that only articles that contain the indicated nually, was the study of Adell et al about the rehabili- keywords on the front page, title, abstract, and author tation of the edentulous jaw using osseointegrated keywords were included. Two independent investiga- implants, which was published in the International tors evaluated the results and selected the 100 top- Journal of Oral Surgery in 1981.26 Besides the evalua- cited articles dedicated to dental implant research. tion and standardization of the surgical protocol and In case of discrepancy, consensus was reached by prosthetic techniques, they observed the clinical re- involvement of a third investigator. The articles were sults achieved on 895 implants for 5 to 9 years (Table 1, then ranked by number of citations
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