Orwell En Epictetus
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Waard, H.de 'Orwell en Epictetus', (Nieuwe Stem[New Voice] 5,1950,pp.110-114),ABM-115-116 ▼This comparison of Orwell's 1984 and Epictetus' Enchiridion explores the premise "my soul is my castle". Waard also compares Huxley's Ape and Essence to 1984. Huxley represents the generation of the First World War who knew that humanity had strayed from the proper path but believed that it was possible to return. Orwell represents the generation of the Second World War and felt there was no longer any hope or belief.(ABM-115-116) Waddington, C. H. WB-30,180,213,284 CE- Ⅳ-127(n) Wade, Rosalind S-200 Wadhams, Stephen Remembering Orwell, with an 'Introduction' by George Woodcock and edited by Stephen Wadhams,(Penguin,1984, London);OGO Wadsworth, Frank 'Orwell as Novelist: The Early Work',(University of Kansas City Review 22,1956,pp.93-99),ABM-116 ▼Wadsworth praises Orwell's power of description in Burmese Days but criticizes his characterization on the ground that there is too much explanation by the intrusive narrator. He also compares the novel withA Passage to India,and calls A Clergyman's Daughter the poorest of the novels. Because Orwell's purpose is too exclusively intellectual, the characters are manipulated and the plot contrived.(ABM-116) 'Orwell as Novelist: The Middle Period',(University of Kansas City Review 22,1956,pp.189-194),ABM-116 ▼Keep the Aspidistra Flying shares the same weakness as the two earlier novels, but the central figure is more successful because Gordon is closely pararell to Orwell himself. Wadsworth favorably compares Orwell's knowledge of low-life and attitude to the poor with Gissing's. The use of first-person narrative in Coming Up for Air allows Orwell to speak through Bowling so that the problem of the intrusive narrator disappears. This novel is his most successful.(ABM-116) 'Orwell's Later Work',(University of Kansas City Review 22,1956,pp.285-290),ABM-116-117 ▼The success of Animal Farm stands outside Orwell's development as a novelist. For all its apparatus 1984 is a book about the present, and Smith is a middle-class figure, who, like Bowling, retreats from the horrors of the present into the past. Orwell did not have an imaginative insight into the future; he either exaggerated present evils or took ideas from other writers such as Burnham and Zamyatin.(ABM-116) Wagner, Sir Anthony PC-137 Wagner, W. Warren 'George Orwell Political Secretary of the Zeitgeist'(The Future of Nineteen Eighty-Four, Ejner J. Jensened. ,Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press,1984,U.S.A.,pp.177-199) Wagschal, Peter H. '1984: a second look',(World Futures,vol.18,No.3/4,1982,pp.285-290),ON Wain,John ORe-18,258 W-43,188,292 PC-622 RGO-14,88,104,114,150,158,169-170 'England Your England'(Twentieth Century, January 1954,pp.71-78),CH-326-334 'The Last of George Orwell',(Twentieth Century 155,January 1954,pp.71-78),ABM-117 'The Last of George Orwell',(Twentieth Century ,March,1954,pp.235-238),ABM-117 ▼Orwell's essay are obviously much better than his novels, his portraits of real people much better than his fictional characters. He was a man of comparatively few ideas, which he took every opportunity of putting across.(ABM-117) 'Orwell',(Spectator 193,19 November 1954,pp.630-634),ABM-117 ▼In a dismissive review of Brander's George Orwell Wain suggests that the concern of future critics of Orwell should focus on his essay and on his campaign for clear thinking and writing. Orwell's criticism is valuable because it is intelligent without being esoteric. Wain lists Orwell's models as Shaw, Gissing, Wells, Butler and Swift, and compares Orwell's man-to-man essay style with that of Walter Bagehot.(ABM -117) 'Orwell in Perspective',(New World Writing No.12,1957,pp.84-96),ABM-117; A New Adventure in Modern Reading, (The New American Library of World Literature,1957, New York,pp.84-96) ▼In this valuable exposition of Orwell's achievement, Wain identifies his writing as polemic, which had "urgency, incisiveness, clarity and humour". Wain criticizes the tendency of critics to refer everything back to his character, and urges that his ideas be examined for what they are. Though Orwell's work as critic, novelist and social historian is flawed and often amateur, he is remarkable for clarity, for a blunt, honest representation of the issues. This clarity arises from the fact that he was not frightened.(ABM-117) 'Orwell in Perspective',(Essays on Literature and Idea,1963,London,pp.180-193),ABM-117 'Here Lies Lower Binfield',(Encounter 17,October 1961,pp.70-83),ABM-117-118 ▼Wain defines Orwell's socialism as rooted in the idea of human brotherhood, so that he loved the past and regretted the loss of belief in Christianity. Orwell's central book is Coming Up for Air because it covers all the main subjects of Orwell's writing, from his Edwardian boyhood to the coming war and peace. Bowling speaks for Orwell in expressing a pastoral nostalgic which he could not express in his own voice. Bowling is an emblem of the English common man. Orwell is distinct from other writers of the thirties in his identification with the common man and his nostalgia for the past, qualities which made him hostile to Left intellectuals.(ABM-117-118) 'Here Lies Lower Binfield',(Essays on Literature and Idea,1961,pp.194-213),ABM-117-118 'George Orwell'(1963),Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, Irving Howe ed.,pp.357-367 'George Orwell(Ⅰ) and (Ⅱ)',(Essays on Literature and Ideas,Macmillan,1966,London,pp.180-213;St Martin's Press, New York) 'Orwell and the Intelligentsia',(Encounter 21,December 1968,pp.72-80),ABM-118 ▼Wain states that the Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters give a clearer perspective on Orwell's struggle with the Left intellectuals, and he retracts his earlier view that Orwell's function to keep intellectuals, and he was fitted to do so because he was an intellectual with the tastes of a common man. Wain develops a parallel between Orwell and Dr. Johnson, and speculates on how he would have developed as a writer had he lived and been able to free himself from journalism.(ABM-118) 'Orwell and the Intelligentsia',(Encounter 22,March 1969,pp.94-95),ABM-118 'In the Thirties'(The World of George Orwell, Miriam Gross ed.,Weidenfeld and Nicolson7,1971,London,pp.75-90);OGO;ABM-118 ▼A discussion of the formative influences on Orwell's political thinking, from his Edwardian childhood to his experience in Spain. Using a critical comparison of Keep the Aspidistra Flying and Coming Up for Air, Wain convincingly charts Orwell's changing feelings about the contemporary situation.(ABM-118) 'George Orwell as a Writer of Polemic',(George Orwell: A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Raymond Williams, Englewood Cliffs,1974,N.J.,pp.89-102;Prentice-Hall,1974,London) 'Dear George Orwell',(American Scholar vol.52,winter 1982,pp.21-37),ON A House for the Truth,(Macmillan,1972,London;Viking Press,1973,New York,pp.43-66)OGO 'Orwell and the Intelligentsia',(Encounter 21,December 1968,pp.72-80)OGO Wallace, A.R. CE- Ⅲ-279 Wallace, Edgar ORe-109 WOG-103 CE- Ⅰ-222,528 CE- Ⅲ-220,322-323 CE- Ⅳ-184,505 Wallace, Henry PC-536 CE- Ⅳ-397,399,407 Walpole, Horace CE- Ⅲ-267 Walpole, Hugh T-19 CE- Ⅰ-26,101(n),117,502 Walsh, Chad From Utopia to Nightmare,(1962,New York,pp.106-112),ABM-118-119 ▼1984 is almost a composite dystopia, containing most of the horrors predicted in previous books by Zamyatin, Koestler and others. It represents a world ruled by sadism and power-lust, in contrast to the engineering of happiness in Brave New World.(ABM-118-119) Walsh, Mr CE- Ⅲ-260 Walsh, James '1984'(Marxist Quarterly, January 1950,pp.25-39),CH-287-293 'George Orwell',(Marxist Quarterly vol.3,January,1956,pp.25-39),ON;ABM-118 ▼A British Communist critic attacks Orwell for his insulting and damaging portrait of the oppressed proles in 1984. He notes Orwell's indebtedness to We and considers the novel pure capitalist propaganda, held together by novelistic tricks and neurotic hatreds.(ABM-119) Walter, Martin CE- Ⅲ-274,290-291 Walter, Nicolas ABM-119 'George Orwell, an Acciden in Society',(Anarchy 8,1961,pp.246-255),ABM-119 ▼A superficial and derivative review of Critical Essays which states that the two main driving forces in Orwell's career were a sense of compassion and guilt, and a determination to be tested and not be found wanting.(ABM-119) Walton, William CE- Ⅲ-257,259 Walworth, Road CE- Ⅲ-258,260 Walzer, Michael 'On "Failed Totalitarianism"',(1984 Revisited, edited by Irving Howe, Harper and Row,1983,New York,pp.8-15,35-38,92-120,205-206);OGO Wang-Ching-Wei CE- Ⅲ-126,170 Wansbrough, George UO-72,82,101 Warburg, Fredric John ORe-16,193-199,212,270 S-307,358,403,457,459,469,478,485 F-4,81,82,94,95,96,97,98-99,102,105-107,110-111,115,117,118,121,128,129-130,131-132,157,159, 160,161,163,164,165,179 PC-79,318,339,363,390n.,396,400,401,459-460,462,486-488,525,536-537,541,546,547,548-551,552 ,553,554,559-563,565,566-567,571,575,615 WB-18 H-132 WOG-112,145,170 CE- Ⅰ-304,309,310,315,329,368,549 CE- Ⅱ-424(n),426,427,442 CE- Ⅲ-186-187,358,359,386-387,392-393,402,410 CE- Ⅳ-104-106,382,309,329-330,404,406,420,448,459,474,485-486,500,505-506,505n RGO-39-40,41,157 '1984'(Publisher's Report,1984),CH-247-250 'George Orwell',(Bookseller 11,February 1950,p.200),ABM-119 ▼This brief obituary mentions Orwell's generosity, Spartan way of life, essential loneliness and refusal to reveal the subject of any novel he was working on until it was complete.(ABM-119) An Occupation for Gentleman,(Hutchinson,1959,London,pp.14,96,110fn,174,206,221-222,224-238,259,260,272,277) 'From Wigan to Barcelon',(An Occupation for Gentleman,1960,London,pp.220-238),ABM-119 ▼Warburg summarises the contents of The Road to Wigan Pier, gives the facts about its publication, and relates how Orwell came to leave Gollancz for Warburg.