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Dredging and Dredged Material Beneficial Use in Ireland 3 Dredging and Dredged Material Beneficial Use in Ireland 3 COLM SHEEHAN, JOSEPH HARRINGTON AND JERRY D. MURPHY DREDGING AND DREDGED MATERIAL BENEFICIAL USE IN IRELAND ABSTRACT Phil McGoldrick of GeoSolutions Ireland, 99% of Ireland’s imports and exports by Jonathon Wynn, Geosynthetics Consultant, volume and 90% of Ireland’s GDP This article provides an overview of the Michael O’ Carroll, Secretary & Harbour representing a value in excess of dredging industry in Ireland which may be Master of Tralee & Fenit Harbour € 120 billion. The shipping and maritime small by international standards but is of Commissioners and Ken Fitzgerald of transport sector has grown rapidly over the critical importance to the nation’s Ports and Malachy Walsh & Partners Consulting past decade, in line with general economic Harbours. Open sea disposal of dredged Engineers. They also wish to gratefully growth (Shields et al., 2005). However, material is most common, but a range of acknowledge the input of personnel in the owing to the current recession, the volume beneficial uses for the coarser fraction of port and dredging industries, regulatory of ship traffic through Irish ports declined dredged material has been practiced. agencies and other organisations who have by approximately 20% in the second half Details on different aspects of dredging in provided information for the project, as well of 2008 (Irish Maritime Development Ireland are presented including a review of as Dr. Tony Lewis and Dr. Jimmy Murphy, Office, 2009), with further reduction current beneficial uses. A specific site at Hydraulics and Maritime Research Centre, predicted as the global recession continues. Fenit Harbour in Tralee Bay is examined to University College Cork for their support. assess the potential for a specific beneficial The twelve main commercial ports in the use of dredged material using geotubes in Republic of Ireland are primarily semi-state breakwater and revetment structures. By INTRODUCTION ports (two are privately owned) operating using the dredged material that is normally independently in a competitive environ- dredged and disposed at sea to fill the The Port and Harbour industry, and by ment. Fishery Harbours Centres, of which geotubes and construct a coastal structure extension the dredging industry, are vital to there are six in the Republic, are the primary a sustainable and feasible beneficial use of Ireland’s economic performance. As an fishing harbours in Ireland. A number of dredged material may be achievable. This island nation located in the northwest of smaller commercial harbours operate under case study may be applicable to other Europe, maritime transport accounts for the auspices of local harbour commissioners harbour sites in Ireland. or under the authority of local government. Above: A site at Fenit Harbour in Tralee Bay was Some € 200 million was identified for The authors wish to acknowledge the examined to assess the potential for the beneficial use investment under the National Development funding received from the Environmental of dredged material using geotubes in breakwater and Plan 2007-2013 to provide for the future Protection Agency under the Science, revetment structures. Seen here, the R558 road to Fenit viability of the fishing industry (Burke, 2009) Technology, Research and Innovation for Harbour looking west with revetment structure on but as a result of the current recession this the Environment (STRIVE) Programme eroding shoreline in foreground and Fenit Harbour in investment is no longer available and a 2007-2013. They would like to thank background. national infrastructure bond is to be 4 Terra et Aqua | Number 115 | June 2009 Table I. Legislative framework for dredging projects in Ireland (adapted from Harrington et al., 2004). Legislation Responsible Agency Comments Fisheries Act 1959 to 2006 Regional Fisheries Board Responsible for maintaining and improving environmental quality and the fishery resource. Water Services Act 2007 Local Authority (under the Ensures water is maintained to a standard consistent with its various (Water Framework Directive auspices of the Department of uses. This potentially can introduce additional controls on dredging (2000/60/EC)) Environment, Heritage and and dredge disposal activities with potentially significant cost Local Government) implications. Dumping at Sea Act Department of Agriculture, Application assessed by the Marine Licence Vetting Committee (MLVC) (1996 & 2004) Fisheries & Food and may involve consultation with Local Authorities and Regional Fisheries Board. Typical permitting timeframe of 4 to 6 months. Waste Management Act Environmental Protection Applied to any waste material segregated, stored or disposed onshore. (1996 to 2005) - Licenses Agency (EPA) Licenses are required from the EPA and take an average of 6 months to acquire. More complex cases can take up to 18 months. Applies to quantities greater than 100,000 tonnes. Waste Management Act Local Authority Applied to any waste material segregated, stored or disposed onshore. (1996 to 2005) - Permits Permitting timeframe of 21 days. Applies to quantities less than 100,000 tonnes. Waste Management Local Authority - Dublin City Applies to the Transfrontier Shipment of Waste. Regulations 2007 – Shipments Council of Waste Planning and Development Local Authority, Environmental Commonly required for large scale dredging projects in the Republic Regulations 2001 to 2002 Protection Agency, An Bord of Ireland. (85/337/EEC, 97/11/EC) Pleanála (project dependent) Foreshore Act (1933-1998) Department of Agriculture, Disposal between Mean High Water Mark and 12 nautical mile limit. Fisheries & Food Application assessed by the MLVC and may involve consultation with Local Authorities and Regional Fisheries Board. Typical permitting timeframe of 4 to 6 months. Planning Permission (Planning Local Authority Generally required for all developments. Public Consultation process & Development Act, 2000) required. Typical 3 month permitting timeframe (in parallel with other required permits) EC Quality of Shellfish Waters Department of Agriculture, These prescribe shellfish water quality and designate the waters to Regulations 2006 Fisheries & Food which they apply. Designation of shellfish areas (as advised by the EU) may impact on dredging. Conservation of Wild Birds National Parks and Wildlife 121 designated Special Protection Areas (SPA) in the Republic of Regulations 1985 to 2005 Service (DEHLG) Ireland for rare and vulnerable species with some impacting on (79/409/EEC) dredging projects. Natural Habitats Regulations, National Parks and Wildlife 413 designated Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) with some 1997 (92/43/EEC) Service (DEHLG) impacting on dredging projects. Wildlife Acts 1976-2000 National Parks and Wildlife This is an area considered important for the habitats present. Over Service (DEHLG) 1100 proposed National Heritage Areas (NHA). Many overlap with SAC/SPA. Some may impact on dredging National Monuments Act National Monuments Service 120,000 protected archaeological sites, some potentially impacting (1930 –2004) (DEHLG) upon dredging. Dredging and Dredged Material Beneficial Use in Ireland 5 COLM SHEEHAN Table II. Dredging Questionnaire Details. graduated in 2006 with a BEng in Structural Engineering from Cork Type of Organisation No. of Questionnaires No. of Responses Institute of Technology. He worked in a distributed civil engineering consultancy before Ports 13 10 (77%) returning to Cork Institute in a research position. He is Harbours 26 17 (65%) currently completing a PhD doctorate Marinas 43 8 (19%) titled “A Technical, Environmental and Other * 16 5 (31%) Economic Analysis of Dredge Material Total 98 40 (41%) Recovery and Reuse Techniques for Ireland”. This research is sponsored by * includes Irish Naval Base, Shannon Ferry Group, Bord Gáis Éireann, Electricity Supply Board, Government Office the Irish Environmental Protection of Public Works and Local Authorities Agency under the STRIVE Research Programme. introduced by the Department of Finance to to individual ports, harbours, marinas and raise money for capital projects (Department other relevant regulatory agencies and JOSEPH HARRINGTON of Finance, 2009). Figure 1 shows the organisations in Ireland in 2007. The aim (BE, MS, PhD, CEng FIEI, EurIng, PE) is investment in Ireland’s Ports and Harbours was to gain a general understanding of the Head of the School of Building & Civil from 2000 to 2007. current status of the dredging industry and Engineering at the Cork Institute of to update a previous national dredging Technology, previously working as a survey undertaken in 2003 (Harrington et Coastal Engineer with Moffatt & Nichol THE IRISH DREDGING INDUSTRY al., 2004). A postal survey was undertaken Engineers, California and as a Lecturer with a follow up by phone. This survey in Civil Engineering at the Cork Institute The dredging industry in Ireland is small by information was supplemented by of Technology. He graduated from international standards but is essential to the information gathered from the Department University College Cork with Bachelor operation of Irish Ports and Harbours. The of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (formerly and Doctoral Degrees and University of historic average annual maintenance dredge some of its responsibilities were under the California, Berkeley with a Masters requirement for disposal at sea is Department of Communication, Marine Degree. His research interests include approximately 1.2 million wet tonnes for the
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